introduction to energy statistics: role in policy and ... · a call for better statistics the iea...

© OECD/IEA 2012

UNECE/FAO Joint Wood Energy EnquiryParis, 11‐13 June 2012

Introduction to Energy Statistics:their role in policy and decision making

International Perspective

Jean-Yves GarnierHead, Energy Statistics Division

International Energy Agency

© OECD/IEA 2012 © OECD/IEA, 2010

Why do policy makers need to know key information on the energy sector

Who produces what

Who imports what

Who exports what

Who distributes what

Who consumes what

For any sound energy policy, policy makers need to know:


Households

Industry

Heating

Transport

Electricity

Cooking

Coal

Agriculture

Mining

Oil Natural Gas

Lighting

Services

Energy UnitPhysical Unit

Socio-EconomicBiomass

Money

What statistics are needed?


The minimum needed are the data for producing a detailed energy balance

WORLD ENERGY BALANCESupply

Transformation

Final consumption

Efficiency

Who consumes what

Energy dependency


Importance of energy statistics for policy makers

IEA Member countries have an obligation to hold 90 days of stocks (net imports/consumption) Need reliable and timely data on imports, consumption and stocks

OPEC Member countries: production vs quota Need reliable and timely data on production

EU Member countries: obligation to have a minimum share of electricity consumption coming from renewables Need reliable data on renewables

Annex 1 countries to the Conference of Parties: respect of the engagement they have ratified when signing the Kyoto Protocol (70% to 80% of GHG come from fuel combustion) Need reliable data on both supply and demand


Five Annual Energy Questionnaires

Other Annual: Energy Forecast and R&D Budget for IEA

Monthly Questionnaires:Monthly Oil and Gas Statistics, Joint Oil Data InitiativeElectricity production and trade

Exceptional Questionnaires: Mainly in case of oil crisis, or ad-hoc activities (e.g.: Non-Energy Use Network)

What statistics does the IEA collect?

Quarterly Questionnaires: Prices and Taxes questionnaire


ProductionImport ExportInternational Marine BunkersStock ChangesDomestic Supply

TransfersStatistical Differences

Transformation Sector (18 sub-sectors)Energy Sector (16 sub-sectors)Distribution Losses

Final ConsumptionIndustry Sector (13 sub-sectors)Transport (7 sub-sectors)Other Sectors (4 sub-sectors)Non Energy Uses

Electricity and Heat Outputs TOTAL: 95 FLOWS

What flows are collected?


What products are collected?

Coal (17 products/categories)

Natural gas

Crude Oil and Petroleum products (25 products)

Nuclear Energy

Hydro Energy

Renewable Energy (19 products/categories)

Waste Energy (3 products/categories)

Electricity

Heat (7 categories)

TOTAL: over 75 products/categories


AggregatedIndicators

TPES/GDPTPES/Production

Electricity Cons./PopulationCO2/GDP PPP

Efficiency Elec. Prod.

Cons./ton cementHeating Cons./sqm/DD

Litre/100km (stock)

Dry processCondensing boiler

Litre/100km (vintage)

ProcessEfficiency

DisaggregatedIndicators

There is a need for more detailed data

Current data do not allow to build sound indicators

for energy efficiency policies


A focus on combustible renewables and waste

WORLD ENERGY BALANCE


World total primary energy supply from 1971 to 2009

1973 2009

Biofuels and waste in world energy supply


A few words on wood energy – fuel wood

11% of global energy consumption

>90% in some countries but <1% in other countries

End uses vary from country to country: cooking, heating, electricity, heat process, charcoal,…

Two “opposite” objectives Reduce consumption for several reasons:

Not enough wood: desertification, health, social impact, …

Increase consumption: enough wood, increase renewables (share), reduce GHG

One common issue: difficulty in getting reliable data


Solid biofuels and waste in total energy supply in Africa


Residential80%

Transformation*11%

Industry 9%

*Charbon de bois

Use of solid biofuels and waste in Africa by sector


Algeria

South Africa

Côte d'Ivoire

Ethiopia

70%

2%

94%

The importance of biomass for policy making: the case of Ivory Coast

2%


diameter

city village

height

Demand

Supply

The importance of detailed data

Demand

Supply> 11<


Evolution of the situation after 20 years

1990

2020

Zone presenting a deficit demand/resource (Demand/Resource>1)


The energy problematic in Ivory Coast

There was a serious issue with the over use of biomass in various regions of the countryMoreover Ivory Coast needed to take a decision in terms of the next investment for a additional electricity capacityThere were various options: Hydro, thermal oil, thermal natural gas, thermal coalAt the same time, Ivory Coast discovered a large natural gas fieldThe final decision was to start exploiting the gas field to feed a combined cycle power plantOne of the key elements in the choice of policy makers was the fact that there was a large quantity of LPG in the natural gasThe LPG was therefore used to substitute charcoal in the largest cities of the country, dramatically reducing the consumption of wood to produce charcoalOther measures to reduce the consumption included improved wood stoves, improved charcoal stoves, capacity building of charcoal producers, re-forestation, etc.


Desertification

Energy independence

Trade

Household budget

Taxation

Employment

Social acceptance

Regional planning

Socio‐cultural dimension

The problematic was of course more complicated


The difficulties of having reliable statistics on biofuels

Fuel wood A large part of the fuel wood used in households is not marketed

(auto-collected) (not true for all countries) Fuel wood used in remote areas: difficulty for survey Surveys are quite complicated: No meters, so at the best measurement Consumption changes over the week (weekend) Consumption varies over the year (culture, religion) Consumption varies over the year (humidity of the wood)

CharcoalIn many countries, charcoal producers produce charcoal illegally; so the difficulty to have a good knowledge of both inputs/outputs

WastesNo real market (sugar industry used bagasse). Not marketed. No money transaction


Why is it essential to improve data quality on fuel wood

At the country level To have a precise figure on who consumes fuel wood (++), where

and for what. Consumption side To have a precise knowledge of thee wood supply availability: how

much and where Are there enough resources available to sustain the current rate of

consumption Are there more resources than consumption. How the “extra” can be

used Are there less resources than consumption. If so, what needs to be done

to reduce the consumption

At the international level For EU countries, for instance: contribution to the 20/20/20 targets More generally, what would be the impact on other energy markets if

x% of fuel wood were replaced Energy poverty


A call for better statistics

The IEA is committed to improve the quality and the coverage of its statistics on renewables but this cannot be done by one organisation . There is a clear need for cooperation among key international organisations….

The last edition of the IEA Journal

Thank you

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