IRS 2000: CURRENT PROBLEMSIN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

Proceedings of theINTERNATIONAL RADIATION SYMPOSIUM

St. Petersberg, Russia, 24-29 July 2000

Edited by

William L. SmithAtmospheric Sciences DivisionNASA Langley Research Center

and

Yuriy M. TimofeyevResearch Institute of Physics >

St. Petersburg State University

A. DEEPAK Publishing 2001A Division of Science and Technology Corporation

Hampton, Virginia USA

CONTENTS

Preface xxiv

List of Participants xxvi

Opening Address: Environmental Global Change: Radiation Studies xlvKirill Ya. Kondratyev

Session A: Past President Session

Convener: William L. Smith

International observational program for the measurement of total and spectral solar irradiance.J.London andG.J. Rottman 1

Solar ultraviolet radiation. Its interactions with the Earth's atmosphere.J. Lenoble 3

The climate of the Earth and the thermal infrared spectrum of outgoing longwave radiation.J.E. Harries 7

Session B: Satellite Measurements: Forty Years of Weather Satellites: Where are We and Where are

We Going (A Joint COSPAR/IRS Event)

Conveners: George Ohring and Rolando Rizzi

Global distribution of the water cloud microphysics derived from AVHRR remote sensing.K. Kawamoto and T. Nakajima 13

The use ofNOAA-15 satellite data for meteorological products generation and visualisation.I. Dyras and D. Serafin-Rek 17

Enhanced visible radiance due to clouds1 adjacent to a clear-air fields in view of satellite measurements: Cloud adjacencyeffect.T. Kobayashi, K. Masuda, H. Ishimoto, Y. Takayama, and Y. Takaya .„ 21

Cirrus physical properties from satellite TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) observations.C.J. Stubenrauch, R. Holz, N.A. Scott, and D.L. Mitchell 25

Satellite observations for flooding events interpretation.C. Pietrapertosa, V. Cuomo, N. Pergola, E. Ricciardelli, F. Romano, C. Serio, and V. Tramutoli 29

HIRS/3 total water vapour using Kriging cloud-clearing scheme.F. Romano, V. Cuomo, C. Pietrapertosa, E. Ricciardelli, and C. Serio 32

Training on NOAA-AVHRR of robust satellite techniques for next generation of weather satellites: An application to thestudy of space-time evolution of Pinatubo's stratospheric volcanic cloud over Europe.V. Tramutoli, N. Pergola, and C. Pietrapertosa 36

Utilization of AVHRR/NOAA based land surface temperatures in modelling the hydrological cycle of river basins.E.L. Muzylev, Z.P. Startseva, A.B. Uspensky, and E.V. Volkova 40

Corrections for the BRDF and topography effects in satellite retrieval of surface spectral reflectance in solar spectralregion.A.P. Trishchenko, Z. Li, W. Park, and J. Cihlar 44

World ocean surface temperatures derived from geostationary weather satellites.V.I. Solovjev, L.A. Anekeeva, I.S. Solovjeva, and A.B. Uspensky 48

v

vi IRS 2000: CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

Correcting AVHRR derived sea surface temperatures for the effects of atmospheric aerosols.N.R. Nalli and L.L. Stowe 52

Climatology of African dust by means of METEOSATIR throughout the period 1984-1998.M. Legrand, O. Pancrati, N.P.J. Brooks, L.J. Shipman 56

Improved solar radiation assessment by satellite using cloud classification.J.C. Ceballos and M.J. Bottino 60

Intercomparison of radiative transfer codes applied to HIRS and AMSU channels.L. Garand, D.S. Turner, and M. Larocque 64

Operational mesoscale radiation modelling.T. Landelius, W. Josefsson, and T. Persson 66

A comparison of radiance simulated with a fast radiative transfer model in presence of clouds and a full scattering scheme.R. Amorati, L. Mannozzi, and R. Rizzi 70

On the spectral responses calibration of on-board radiometers for remote sensing of the atmosphere.V.V. Ivanov, B.V. Dementiev, and G.Yu. Sokolova 74

Meteosat Second Generation (MSG): Capabilities and products.J. Schmetz, P. Pili, and S. Tjemkes 77

Geostationary Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) - The new millenium Earth observing-3 mission.W.L. Smith, and F. W. Harrison, H.E. Revercomb, and G.E. Bingham 81

Determination of atmospheric and surface parameters from AIRS/AMSU/HSB data.J. Susskind, CD. Barnet, and J.M. Blaisdell 85

Estimation of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles using IASI measurements.E. Weisz, J.A. Lerner, and G. Kirchengast 89

Cloud detection for numerical weather prediction assimilation of IASI data.J.A. Smith and J.P. Taylor 93

Overcast clouds determined by TRMM measurements.B. Lin, P. Minnis, B. Wielicki, Y. Hu, and S. Ho 97

The retrieval of cloud microphysical properties from ATSR-2 and comparisons with the Unified Model.S.K. Watts, J.M. Edwards, P.D. Watts, and A.J. Baran 101

Comparison of modelled and measured cloud infrared spectral signatures.R. Rizzi, L. Mannozzi, and J.A. Smith 105

Optical characteristics of clouds in Atlantic.I.N. Melnikova, and L.B. Rudneva 109

Aerosol remote sensing over land from the spaceborne polarimeter POLDERP. Goloub, J.L Deuze, M. Herman, A. Marchand, D. Tanre, I. Chiapello, B. Roger, and R.P. Singh 113

Ground-based extinction measurements for the evaluation, spectral behavior and comparative analysis of the aerosol eAngstrom coefficient to SeaWIFS applications in the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain).V.E. Cachorro, R. Vergaz, A. Berjon, and A.M. de Frutos 117

NO2 and aerosol sounding from Space Station "MIR" (OZON-MIR Experiment)A.V. Polyakov, Yu.M. Timofeyev, A.V. Poberovskii, and A.V. Vasileyev 121

Satellite observations of aerosol surface area and volume densities at upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from 1985to 1999.G.K. Yue, P.-H. Wang, D.K. Weisenstein, and M.K.W. Ko 125

CONTENTS vii

Satellite remote sensing of surface UV fluxes and albedo from TOMS and ISCCP measurements.C. Pubu and Z. Li 129

MSS/RESOURSE-01 imagery for crop growth and yield studies.L.A. Shljakhova, V.I. Povkh, and G.P. Garbuzov 133

On capabilities to improve remote sensing of the surface skin temperatures using IASI data.A.B. Uspensky, A.N. Trotsenko, T.A. Udalova, S.V. Romanov, and V.I. Soloviev 136

On the possibility of generating a 10 years UV radiation climatology over Europe, based on METEOSAT and ozonesensors data.J. Verdebout and P. Vogt 140

Validation of MOS atmospheric correction algorithm with in-situ measurements.R. Borde, D. Ramon, Ph. Dubuisson, C. Schmechtig, and R. Santer 144

Satellite and site measurements of ozone and UV at De Bilt (52 N) and Paramaribo (6 N). I. Validation of GOME ozoneprofiles.R. van der A, M. van Weele, M. Allaart, and P. Fortuin 148

Satellite and site measurements of ozone and UV at De Bilt (52 N) and Paramaribo (6 N). II. Relating ozone profiles withsurface UV radiation.M. van Weele, R.J. van der A, M.A.F. Allaart, and J.P.F. Fortuin 151

Ocean wind speed retrieval using POLDER'S sun glitter data.Y. Kawata and T. Izumiya 154

Interpretation of the limb radiance measurements in the CO2 15 (im bands by the CRISTA instrument accounting for thenon-LTE conditions.V.S. Kostsov, Yu.M. Timofeyev, and K. Grossmann 158

Comparison of the CO2 vibrational temperatures retrieved from the limb radiance measurements by the CRISTAinstrument with model predictions.V.S. Kostsov, V.P. Ogibalov, Yu.M. Timofeyev, and K. Grossmann 162

A possible reason for improving visibility of a ground-based object observed from space.V.V. Barun 166

IASI based retrievals of trace gases in clear sky and cloudy atmosphere.A.B. Uspensky, A.N. Trotsenko, S.V. Romanov, and K.A. Ill'yachenko 170

Influence of star scintillation on ozone retrieval accuracy from space star occultation experiment.A.V. Polyakov, Yu.M. Timofeyev, A.S. Gurvich, V. Kan, V.V. Vorob'ev, and J.-H. Yee 174

Characterization of the TOVS total ozone retrieval performed at Meteo-France.A. Drouin and F. Karcher 178

Degradation of observations in the UV of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME).C.P. Tanzi, R. Snel, and I. Aben : 181

Session C: Radiative Transfer Theory

Convener: Kuo-Nan Liou

Rapid computation of optical properties for nonspherical particles: Application to aircraft studies of cirrus.A.J. Baran, P.N. Francis, S. Havemann, P. Yang, and L.C. Labonnote 185

Light scattering by hexagonal ice crystals of cirrus clouds.A.G. Borovoi, LA. Grishin, and U.G. Oppel 189

viii IRS 2000: CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

Shape characterization and forward scattering of large and not too densely packed particles by Fraunhofer diffraction,convolution truncation, and Fourier transform.A.G. Borovoi, U.G. Oppel, and S.M. Prigarin 193

Absorption and extinction properties of concentric water-ice spheres in visible and near infrared regions.H. Chen, H. Sun, and Y. Chen 197

Modelling of light scattering with inhomogeneous hexagonal monocrystals. Interpretation of ADEOS-POLDER total andpolarized reflectance measurements over ice clouds.L.C. Labonnote, G. Brogniez, J.-C. Buriez, M. Doutriaux-Boucher, J.-F. Gayet, and A. Macke 201

Light scattering by axisymmetric particles: A new approach with the special choice of scalar potentials.V.G. Farafonov and V.B. Il'in 205

Light scattering by small non-spherical inhomogeneous (layered) particles: The applicability of approximations.V.G. Farafonov, M.S. Prokopjeva, V.B. Il'in, and Th. Henning 209

Extension of T-matrix to scattering of electromagnetic plane waves by general 3D dielectric particles: Application tohexagonal ice columns and plates.S. Havemann and A.J. Baran 213

Impact of condensing water vapor on the optical properties of soot aerosol particles.E.F. Mikhailov, A.A. Kiselev, S.S. Vlasenko, and J.F. Safronova 217

Light scattering solver for non-spherical particle based on the combined surface integral equation method.T.Y. Nakajima, T. Nakajima, Y. Mano, and K. Yoshimori 221

Basic optical characteristics of scattering by mixed clouds.A.G. Petrushin 225

On the accuracy of independent pixel approximation in 3D radiative transfer calculation.R. Scheirer and A. Macke 229

Modelling of polarization properties of cometary dust grains.D.A. Semenov and N.V. Voshchinnikov 233

Scattering and polarization properties of the non-spherical particles.N.V. Voshchinnikov 237

Electromagnetic scattering by wavelength-sized, needle-like and plate-like ice crystals.N.T. Zakharova and M.I. Mishchenko 241

Evaluation of a stochastic radiative transfer model using ground-based measurements.D.E. Lane, R.C.J. Somerville, and S.F. Iacobellis 245

Parameterization of solar cloud radiative fluxes for 3D mixed phase clouds.M. Schewski, A. Macke, R. Scheirer, T. Jung, and L. von Bremen 249

Monte Carlo simulations of radiative transfer for UV-visible limb-viewing instruments.L. Oikarinen 253

Numerical modeling of stochastic fields of vertical optical thickness for stratocumulus clouds.S.M. Prigarin, N.I. Gubina, and U.G. Oppel 257

Multidimensional plane-parallel and spherical problems of the radiative transfer theory.T.A. Sushkevich 261

Use of ARM observations to estimate broken cloud effects on terrestrial radiation.E.E. Takara and R.G. Ellingson 265

CONTENTS ix

Mean spectral and integrated characteristics of solar radiation in broken clouds.T.B. Zhuravleva 269

The Ring effect in polarization spectra.I. Aben, R. Tamboer, and D.M. Stam 273

Numerical solving of polarized radiation transfer equation in axially symmetric domains.L.P. Bass, T.A. Germogenova, and N.V. Konovalov 276

Approximate approaches to the problem of radiative transfer with initial narrow polarized beam.L.I. Chaikovskaya and E.P. Zege 279

Matrix-exponential formulation of vector radiative transfer.Z.-G. Han and D.-R. Lu 283

Depolarization of light in scattering media with large-scale inhomogeneities.E.E. Gorodnichev, A.I. Kuzovlev, and D.B. Rogozkin 287

The polarization problems of the radiative transfer theory.T.A. Sushkevich and S.A. Strelkov 291

A combined planar-spherical model of calculation of the Earth atmospheric radiation of a planet scale.T.A. Sushkevich and E.V. Vladimirova 295

Scattering and polarization of the thermal microwave radiation of the cloudy atmosphere.A.V. Troitsky, A.M. Osharin, and B.I. Chirkov 299

Accuracy estimations of calculational results in radiative transfer problems.L.P. Bass, T.A. Germogenova, N.V. Konovalov, O.V. Nikolaeva, and A.M. Voloschenko 303

Single-scattering estimates of irradiances, actinic fluxes and heating rates.M.P. Correa and A. Plana-Fattori 307

Application of neural networks in radiative transfer models.P. Koepke, A. Oppenrieder, H. Schwander, A. Ruggaber, A. Kaifel, and M. Steinmetz 311

Simple relationships between radiative and microphysical characteristics of cloudy media.A.A. Kokhanovsky 315

A fast computation of radiative heating rates under non-LTE in a CO2 atmosphere.M.A. Lopez-Valverde and M. Lopez-Puertas 319

Radiative cooling of the stratosphere and lower mesosphere in the 9.6 and 14.1 urn ozone bands.R.O. Manuilova, O.A. Gusev, A.A. Kutepov, and V.I. Fomichev 323

Influence of multiple scattering of radiation on aerosols and molecular absorption and scattering into clouds.I.N. Melnikova and V.V. Mikhailov 326

Radiative effect of cirrus clouds in the far infrared.C. Naud, J.E. Russell, and J.E. Harries 329

A parametrisation of UV polarisation of the Earth's atmosphere.N.A.J. Schutgens and P. Stammes 333

Standard problem of radiative transfer in a vibration-rotation band in a planetary atmosphere under non-LTE conditions.A.O. Semenov and G.M. Shved 337

Development of radiative transfer theory methods on the basis of mirror symmetry principle.O.I. Smokty 341

x IRS 2000: CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

Investigation of accuracy and efficiency of correlated k distribution method.Z. Sun and L. Rikus 345

An efficient and accurate correlated-k parameterization of infrared radiative transfer for troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere GCMs.W. Zhong and J.D. Haigh 349

Effect of the atmospheric aerosol on bidirectional reflectance of snow surface at the visible and near infrared wavelengths.Teruo Aoki, Tadao Aoki, and M. Fukabori 353

Specialized algorithms for solving of radiation transfer equation in atmosphere and ocean optics problems. CodeRADUGA - 5.0.L.P. Bass, V.S. Kuznetsov, and O.V. Nikolaeva 357

Performances of MIPAS/ENVISAT level 2 inversion algorithm with data measured by the balloon instrument MIPAS-B.E. Battistini, B.M. Dinelli, M. Carlotti, B. Carli, P. Raspollini, M. Ridolfl, F. Friedl-Vallon, M. Hopfner,H. Oelhaf, O. Trieschmann, and G. Wetzel 361

SCIATRAN - A new atmospheric radiative transfer model for the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral regions.M. Buchwitz, V.V. Rozanov, K.-U. Eichmann, R. de Beek, and J.P. Burrows 365

Validation of an accurate radiative transfer code dedicated to the calculation of PAR in the ocean.E. Devred, P. Dubuisson, R. Santer, and S. Sathyendranath 369

Adaption of radiative transfer modelling to simulate UV radiation on top of a mountain.B. Lapeta, H. Schwander, and P. Koepke 373

A quasi-specular model for calculating infrared reflection at a rough water surface.N.R. Nalli, W.L. Smith, and B. Huang 377

A new efficient line-by-line code for high resolution atmospheric radiation computations incl. derivatives.F. Schreier and B. Schimpf 381

Spectral radiance modelling in the UV-visible range.P. Stammes 385

Comparison of radiative transfer models STAR and MODTRAN4.0 and modification of STAR for UV application.W. Su, M. Suzuki, and T. Ogawa 389

* •

A new model to simulate the atmospheric radiation for the atmosphere-ocean interchange radiative transfer.T.A. Sushkevich, A.K. Kulikov, S.V. Maksakova, E.V. Vladimirova, S.A. Strelkov, and E.I. Ignatijeva 393

Actinic fluxes and photodissociation frequencies of NO2 (JN02) f° r very large solar zenith angles: Comparison of tworadiative transfer codes.T. Trautmann, H. Walter, and J. Landgraf 397

Efficient forward model to simulate IASI/METOP measurements and its validation against high-resolution fieldobservations.A.N. Trotsenko, A.V. Kopylov, A.N. Rublev, S.V. Romanov, T.A. Udalova, and A.B. Uspensky 401

Simulation of infrared radiation from biomass-fires and retrieval of smoke particle parameters.K. Beier, P. Fuchs, B. Schimpf, and F. Schreier 405

Surface pressure estimates from MOS data over land and ocean.Ph. Dubuisson, R. Borde, and R. Santer 409

Model calculations fox foe multiple-scattering, 0? a tight beam. ^H.Ishimoto,K.Masuda, and M.Sasaki

CONTENTS xi

Evaluation of approximative radiative transfer models intended for retrievals from limb measurements.J.W. Kaiser, A.V. Rozanov, V.V. Rozanov, and J.P. Burrows 417

Finite element method and its application for remote sensing data processing.V. Kisselev, B. Bulgarelli, and P. Gege 421

Spectral sensitivity functions for the environment remote sensing problems.O.I. Smokty and N.V. Kobiakova 425

Secondary twilight in the twilight sounding problem.L.S. Shakun 429

Applied mathematical problems of satellite data atmospheric correction and filtration.O.I. Smokty 433

Calibration method of direct-inverse problems solutions for multiple light scattering in an uniform slab.O.I. Smokty 437

Retrieval of carbon monoxide, methane and nitrous oxide from SCIAMACHY measurements.H. Schrijver, Y.K. Ng, and A.P.H. Goede 441

A robust, accurate and flexible code for computing near-surface infrared radiation in the atmosphere.S. Varghese, R. Narasimha, and A.S.V. Murthy 445

The development of a radiation transfer code based on successive orders of scattering method.P.Zhang 449

Session D: Radiation Budgets

Convener: Robert S. Kandel

Effects on albedo accuracy of bi-directional measurements from geostationary and low earth orbit satellites.R. Daviesand M.J. Garay 453

Comparison of different ERBE radiation budget data sets over tropical oceans.C.-H. Ho, M.-D. Chou, and C.-H. Sui 457

Pyrgeometer absolute calibration and the quest for a world radiometric reference for longwave irradiance measurements.R. Philipona and A. Ohmura 461

Intercomparison of surface irradiance data measured at Russian network and derived from ECMWF model.O.M. Pokrovsky, I.V. Dalyuk, and E.L. Machotkina 465

A comparative study on surface albedo and SW radiation budgets from multiple satellite missions and NCAR/NCEPreanalysis.A.P. Trishchenko and Z. Li 469

Long-term total solar irradiance (TSI) variability based upon 1980-2000, spacecraft measurements.R.B. Lee III, K.J. Priestley, R.S. Wilson, A. Al-Hajjah, J. Paden, D.K. Pandey, and S. Thomas 473

Surface solar radiation, cloud cover and precipitation observations compared to ECHAM4-CGM experiments of theindirect aerosol effect.B.G.Liepert 477

Pathfinder large scale radiative fluxes: Data availability and their use in climate research.R.T. Pinker, I. Laszlo, and B. Zhang 481

The WCRP/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget project Release 2: An assessment of surface fluxes at 1 degree resolution.P,W. Stackhouse, Jr., S.K. Gupta, S.J. Cox, M. Chiacchio, and J.C. Mikovitz 485

xii IRS 2000: CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

Radiation climatology of the Greenland ice sheet: seasonal and interannual variations.K. Steffen 489

Clear sky identification, cloud property determination and cloud SW angular direction models for the Scanner of RadiationBudget (ScaRaB).C.J. Stubenrauch, V. Briand, and W.B. Rossow 493

Interdecadal trend of the Earth Radiation Budget from NCEP/NCAR reanalyses.S.-K. Yang, M. Kanmistu, A.J. Miller, and W. Ebisuzaki 497

Impact of new desert angular directional model on the determination of the SW reflected flux.M. Capderou and M. Viollier 501

A study of the diumal cycle of ORL using GOES sounder data.M.B. Ba and R.G. Ellingson 505

Radiation trends at the Swiss BSRN station Payerne.B. Goeldi Cheda, A. Ohmura, and A. Heimo 509

Earth Radiation Budget: New applications of ScaRaB data for natural hazards investigations.V.A. Golovko, V.V. Kozoderov, and S.K. Ovchinnikov 513

Direct comparisons of radiances measured by independent contemporary ERB instruments.M. Haeffelin, B. Wielicki, K. Priestley, J.P. Duvel, and M. Viollier 517

The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) experiment: Science applications.J.E. Harries, C. Naud, and H. Brindley 520

Global radiation budget using the new ISCCP D2 satellite data.N. Hatzianastassiou, N. Cleridou, and I.M. Vardavas 524

Swiss atmospheric radiation monitoring CHARM: State of implementation and first results.A. Heimo, A. Vernez, A. Lehmann, B. Goeldi, R. Philipona, Ch. Marty, Ch. Wehrli, and T. Ingold 528

Evaluation of surface energy budget and cloud predictions from the ETA forecast model.L.M. Hinkelman, T.P. Ackerman, and R.T. Marchand 532

Comparison of the surface solar netflux from ScaRaB with observations.R. Hollmann and A. Bodas 536

Comparison of broadband radiative transfer calculations with surface flux measurements from CAGEX version 2.2 data.I. Laszlo and R.T. Pinker 540

The impact of upper tropospheric humidity on clear-sky outgoing longwave radiation as estimated from satelliteobservations.H.-T. Lee and R.G. Ellingson 544

Comparison between models and measurements of direct and diffuse UV erythemal irradiance under clear skyconditions—Analysis of environmental impacts on the measurements.A. Lehmann, A. Heimo, A. Vernez, P. Koepke, A. Ohmura, and C. Gueymard 547

Seasonal variation of diurnal evolution of solar radiation at the surface in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil.A.P. de Oliveira, A.J. Machado, and J.F. Escobedo 551

Investigation of the relationship between solar radiation and air temperature over Bulgaria.J. Ivancheva, D. Peeva, and E. Koleva 555

Parameterization of the downward longwave radiation from clear and cloudy skies at Ny Alesund (Svalbard).R. Pirazzini, M. Nardino, A. Orsini, F. Calzolari, T. Georgiadis, and V. Levizzani 559

CONTENTS xiii

Mapping of radiation balance components for region of Hungary using satellite information.A. Rimoczi-Paal, R. Randriamampianina, J. Mika, M. Putsay, I. Dobi and T. Szentimrey 563

Mission objectives and instrument requirements for the REFIR - Radiation Explorer in the Far Infrared - Mission: Anoutline after the end of phase Bo.R. Rizzi, B. Carli, J. Harries, J. Leotin, C. Serio, A. Sutera, B. Bizzarri, R. Bonsignori, and S. Peskett 567

Radiometric measurements from Russian satellites «METE0R-3» N7 and «RESSURS-01» N4.Yu.A. Sklyarov, Yu.I. Brichkov, V.A. Vorobyov, A.I. Kotuma, and N.V. Fomina 571

Fluctuations of thermal microwave radiation of clouds.A.A. Stotskii and I.M. Stotskaya 575

Investigation of the components of the mass-energy exchange within the surface air layer around the "Koprinka lake."A.S. Tzenkova-Bratoeva, J.N. Ivancheva, and B. Veleva 578

Effects of helio/geophysical phenomena related to solar activity on the global radiation fluxes in the lower atmosphere.S.V. Veretenenko 582

On the solar radiation characteristics in urban area.P. Videnov, H. Branzov, and J. Ivancheva 586

The ScaRaB data set: Additional analysis.M. Viollier, J.P. Duvel, R. Kandel, C. Standfuss, and P. Raberanto 590

Solar radiation characteristics over inner-Mongolia Grassland, China.G. Wang, Q. Kong, and G. Liu 594

The next generation of albedo directional models for Earth radiation budget measurements.S.A. Weckmann, D.F. Young, and R.N. Green 598

Surface and atmospheric radiation budgets as determined in reanalyses.M. Wild 602

Session E: Molecular Spectroscopy

Conveners: Shepard A. Clough and'Yuriy N. Ponomarev

High resolution balloon-borne spectroscopy within the O2 A-band: Observations and radiative transfer modelling.C. Camy-Peyret, S. Payan, P. Jeseck, Y. Te, and T. Hawat ". 607

Measurements and modelling of water vapour spectroscopy in tropical and sub-arctic atmospheres.J.P. Taylor, T.J. Hewisori, A. McGrath, and A. Vance 611

Interconsistency checks of C1ONO2 retrievals from MIPAS-B spectra by using different bands and spectroscopicparameter sources.H. Oelhaf, G. Wetzel, M. Hopfner, F. Friedl-Vallon, N. Glatthor, G. Maucher, G. Stiller, O. Trieschmann,T.v. Clarmann, M. Birk, and G. Wagner 615

The measurement of water vapour in the tropical and arctic atmosphere.A. Vance, J.P. Taylor, and T.J. Hewison 619

Spectroscopic studies of laboratory generated polar stratospheric cloud particles.S.F. Bass, R.G. Grainger, R.A. McPheat, D.A. Newnham, and J.J. Remedios 623

Modelling of the spectral absorption coefficient in a pure CO2 atmosphere in the region of 17 yim.N.N. Filippov, M.V. Tonkov, and V.P. Ogibalov 627

xiv IRS 2000: CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

Application of the nonlinear absorption for calculations of shapes of the extreme wings of CO2 lines in the spectral regionsnear 2400, 3800, and 7000 cm"1.V.F. Golovko 631

On the utilisation of operational satellite data to investigate climate variability and trends.H.E. Brindley, J.E. Harries, and A.S. Slingo 635

Absorption bands of O2 and its collision-induced bands in the 30000-7500 cm"1 wavenumber region.C. Hermans, A.C. Vandaele, B. Coquart, A. Jenouvrier, M.-F. Merienne, S. Fally, M. Carleer, and R. Colin.. 639

Laboratory studies of atmospheric gases and aerosols at the RAL molecular spectroscopy facility.D.A. Newnham, R.A. McPheat, and J. Ballard 643

Structure, software and validation of a database UVACS (Ultraviolet Absorption Cross Section).V.M. Osipov, N.F Borisova, and V.V. Tsukanov 647

Determination of the dipole moment function for asymmetric top molecules from high-resolution spectra.O.N. Sulakshina, Yu.G. Borkov, A. Barbe, and Vl.G. Tyuterev 651

High resolution Fourier transform measurements of the NO2 visible absorption cross-section: Temperature and pressureinfluences on its atmospheric detection.A.C. Vandaele, C. Hermans, C. Fayt, S. Fally, M. Carleer, R. Colin, M.-F. Merienne, A. Jenouvrier, and B.Coquart 655

On the intensity of induced absorption of oxygen in the region of the Herzberg III band (200 - 280 nm).G. Zelikina, M. Kiseleva, A. Burtsev, and M. Buturlimova 659

The GEISA-97 spectroscopic database system: Its present and future.N. Jacquinet-Husson, N.A. Scott, A. Chedin, and A.A. Chursin 663

Session F: Radiative Forcing and Feedback Mechanisms

Conveners: Howard Barker and Igor L. Karol

New measurements of water vapour spectral line parameters and their impact on atmospheric absorption (8600-15000 cm"1).W. Zhong, J.D. Haigh, D. Belmiloud, R.C.M. Learner, R. Schermaul, and J. Tennyson 669

Radiative influences on the structure of cirrus clouds using a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model.S. Dobbie and P. Jonas t 673

Twomey effect over land induced by power plant emissions.A. Keil, M. Wendisch, and J. Heintzenberg < 677

Radiative and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols and clouds. Climate aspect.K.Ya. Kondratyev, I.N. Melnikova, and L.S. Ivlev 680

Climate response to anthropogenic forcing: Interaction of water vapor, cloudiness, and radiation.P.V. Sporyshev, V.P. Meleshko, V.M. Kattsov, S.V. Vavulin, and V.A. Govorkova 684

Surface radiation budget and cloud forcing over the Alps.Ch. Marty and R. Philipona 688

Radiative forcing and global warming commitment for indirect greenhouse and photochemically active gases.V.A. Frolkis, I.L. Karol, A.A. Kiselev 692

The radiative contribution to the entropy budget of the atmosphere.L.K. Gohar and J.E. Harries 696

Cloud radiative forcing and atmospheric absorption estimated on the basis of the ZCAREX-99 measurements.E.M. Feigelson, LA. Gorchakova, I.I. Mokhov, B.A.Fomin, and T.A. Tarasova 700

CONTENTS XV

Solar radiative forcing by particles containing black carbon — measurement-based case studies.A. Keil and M. Wendi sch 704

Dynamical response of the middle atmosphere caused by non-zonal structure of ozone heating.A. Krivolutsky, B. Kiryushov, and P. Vargin 706

Comparison of modeled and observed spectral fluxes under overcast cloudy skies: Coupling between fluxes and surfacespectral albedo.Z. Li, A. Trishchenko, and M. Cribb 710

Optical characteristics of model aerosols in the atmospheres of Earth, Mars and Venus: Methodology and data bank.M.Ya. Marov and V.P. Shari 714

On stability of altitude temperature profile in a simple radiative model.L.I. Nesmelova, O.B. Rodimova, and S.D. Tvorogov 717

Climate important variations of spectral radiation of the Sun.G.A. Nikolsky and E.O. Shultz 721

Multiannual variability of atmospheric transparency in Estonia and Moscow.O. Okulov, H. Ohvril, H. Teral, M. Tee, V. Russak, and G. Abakumova 725

Droplet effective radius profile in stratiform clouds.M. Ovtchinnikov and Y. Kogan 729

Global three-dimensional simulation and radiative forcing of various aerosol species.T. Takemura, H. Okamoto, A. Numaguti, A. Higurashi, and T. Nakajima 733

On the temperature aerosol effect measured in Brazil's Amazonia measured during the dry season in smoke aerosolconditions.T.A. Tarasova and C.A. Nobre 737

An estimation of SAGE II cloud longwave radiative forcing between 1985 and 1998: Preliminary results.P.-H. Wang, B.A. Wielicki, P. Minnis, and T. Wong 741

Longwave forcing at the surface as simulated in transient climate change experiments.M. Wild and A. Ohmura 745

Session G: Remote Sensing

Convener: Teruyuki Nakajima, Yuriy Timofeyev, Mervyn J. Lynch, and Leonid P. Bobylev

Retrieval of tropospheric temperature and composition from airborne interferometer measurements.M. Grippa and G.E. Peckham 749

Accounting for the effects of surface emissivity in profile retrievals from infrared multispectral radiances.Y. Plokhenko and W.P. Menzel 753

Satellite IR sounding of the non-LTE middle atmosphere.Yu.M. Timofeyev 757

A new non-LTE retrieval method for atmospheric parameters from MIPAS-ENVISAT emission spectra.B. Funke, G.P. Stiller, T.v. Clarmann, M. Hopfner, and M. Lopez-Puertas 761

Intercomparison of non-LTE radiative transfer codes.T.v. Clarmann, A. Linden, B. Funke, A. Dudhia, D.P. Edwards, M. Lopez-Puertas, B. Kerridge,V. Kostsov, and Yu. Timofeyev 765

The research of informativity datas of remote sensing for the diagnosis and prognosis the vertical distribution ofmeteorological values.V.I. Akselevich, R.I. Filimonov, and A.V. Tertyshnikov 769

xvi IRS 2000: CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

POAM III instrument: Comparison of 2 algorithms for atmospheric species retrieval.C. Brogniez, I. Jankowiak, P. Pruvost, J. Lenoble, J. D. Lumpe, and R. Bevilacqua 773

The ERA method for the measurement of water vapour vertical content from GOME: First comparisons with independenttechniques.S. Casadio, E. Putz, C. Zehner, and G. Pisacane 777

Retrieval of water vapor profiles for the SAGE HI experiment: Simulation studies and sensitivity analyses.E.W. Chiou, W.P. Chu, and L.W. Thomason 781

MIPAS interactive semi-operational level-2 data processing.T.v. Clarmann, H. Fischer, B. Funke, N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, M. Hopfner, M. Kiefer, F.J. Martin-Torres, M. Milz, and G. Stiller 785

The optimization of the high resolution satelliteborne Fourier spectrometers measurements for meteorological tasks.A.K. Gorodetsky, N.I. Ignatiev, B.E. Moshkin, Yu.M. Golovin, F.S. Zavelevich, and Yu.P. Matsitsky 789

Objective parameterization of cloud forms over their radiation spatiotemporal structure in the 8-13 mem range.A.M. Allenov, M.I. Allenov, and V.A. Solovyov 792

Retrieval of atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water from spaceborne microwave radiometers.A. Guissard 795

Experience gained with the MIPAS level 2 off-line processor.S. Hilgers, H. Kemnitzer, K. Ressel, G. Schwarz, T. Steck, T.v. Clarmann, G. Echle, and M. Hopfner 799

Retrieval from high-resolution remote sounding instruments.V.L. Jay, A. Dudhia, CD. Rodgers, H. Oelhaf, and O. Trieschmann 803

The radiation attenuation problem for the stratospheric transmittance windows in the 0.4-12.0 um region.M.S. Kiseleva, I.N. Reshetnikova, S.N. Golovanov, V.A. Kazbanov, and G.E. Sinelnikova 807

Accounting for constraints in the multiparameter retrieval algorithm based on the optimal estimation.VS. Kostsov 811

Investigation of geophysical fields perturbations in the tropical cyclone action zones with the remote sounding data in theUV and VHF wavelength ranges.A.F. Nerushev, N.V. Tereb, E.K. Kramchaninova, and B.Z. Petrenko 815

Determination of intensive atmospheric vortices characteristics in the tropical zone from the VHF radiometer SSM/I data.A.F. Nerushev, E.K. Kramchaninova, and B.Z. Petrenko 819

Design of the space-borne Radiation Exporer in the Far InfraRed (REFIR) - Technical solutions.L. Palchetti, D. Lastrucci, R. Bonsignori, and R. Rizzi 823

Optimal choice of channels in the problem of interpretation of star occultation measurements.A.V. Polyakov and R. DeMajistre 827

New parametrization of aerosol optical properties for inverse atmospheric problems.A.V. Polyakov, A.V. Vasilyev, and Yu.M. Timofeyev 831

Regularisation in MIPAS ENVISAT off-line constituent retrieval: Strategy and diagnostics.T. Steck and T.v. Clarmann 835

MIPAS on ENVISAT as an UT/LS sounder.G.P. Stiller, N. Glatthor, S. Kellmann, E. Kimmich, A. Linden, M. Milz, and H. Fischer 839

Remote sensing of ozone using IASI advanced atmospheric sounder.A.B. Uspensky, S.V. Romanov, A.V. Kopylov, K.A. Ill'yachenko, and A.N. Trotsenko 843

CONTENTS XVii

Temperature and moisture retrieval algorithm development for NAST interferometer.D.K. Zhou, W.L. Smith, and A.M. Larar 847

Spectroscopic investigations of water vapor, clouds, and aerosol by ground-based FTIR emission spectroscopy.D. Spankuch, W. Dfihler, and J. Guldner 851

Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and water vapor by means of Multi-Filter RotatingShadowband Radiometer.M.D. Alexandrov, A.A. Lacis, B.E. Carlson, and B. Cairns 855

Ground-based spectrometric measurements of vertical distribution of NO2: Ten years of observations at ZvenigorodScientific Station.A.S. Elokhov and A.N. Gruzdev 859

Estimation of errors in remote differential-absorption measurements of atmospheric gases owing to multiple scattering andspectral behavior of optical aerosol parameters.V.V. Barun 863

Variations of carbon monoxide, methane, and water vapor in the total atmospheric column over Russia (ZvenigorodStation) between 1970 and 1999.E.I. Grechko, A.V. Dzhola, and L.N. Yurganov 867

Featuring of the ground-based microwave sensing of the minor gas components of the lower atmosphere.A.P. Naumov, Sh.D. Kitay, N.N. Osharina, and A.V. Troitskiy 869

Studies of intensive atmospheric vortices effect of the Earth's ozone layer on the basis satellite and ground-basedmeasurement data.A.F. Nerushev and E.K. Kramchaninova 873

Novel multichannal UV-meters for UV monitoring system.V.V. Kruglov, G.S. Odinets, R.D. Stolyarenko, A.S. Maystrenko, P.S. Smertenko, V.V. Naumov,A.V. Beliavskii, A.S. Melnik, and Sh. Hairy 877

Estimating the atmospheric water vapor content from multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometry at 940 nm: Acomparison between one- and two-band approaches.A. Plana-Fattori, S.M. Sievert da Costa, B.A. Fomin, and Ph. Dubuisson 881

A comparison of radiation transfer algorithms for modeling of the zenith sky radiance observations used for determinationof stratospheric trace gases and aerosol.O.V. Postylyakov, Yu.E. Belikov, Sh.S. Nikolaishvili, and A. Rozanov; 885

Ground-based thermal IR interferometry as the source of information on different atmospheric parameters.Ya.A. Virolainen, A.V. Polyakov, Yu.M. Timofeyev, H. Grassl, D. Spankuch, and W. Dohler 889

Remote sensing of H2O and CO in the atmosphere by ground-based solar spectrophotometer.G. Wang, Q. Kong, G. Liu, Z. Gu, X. Wan, E.I. Grechko, and E.V. Fokeeva 893

A global climatology of stratospheric aerosols from spectral inversion of SAGE II extinction measurements: 1985-1995.G.R. Franssens 897

Sensitivity of MODIS 2.1 micron channel for off-nadir view angles for use in remote sensing of aerosol.C.K. Gatebe, M.D. King, S.-C. Tsay, and Q. Ji 901

Deriving an aerosol optical depth climatology over land using AVHRR.K.R. Knapp and L.L. Stowe 905

Combined use of OCTS and POLDER for extraction of optical properties of clouds.S. Mukai, I. Sano, and M. Yasumoto 909

Remote sensing of mineral aerosol using an infrared radiometer.O. Pancrati, M. Legrand, J.-L. Rajot, B. Mougenot, and A.O. Manga 913

xviii IRS 2000: CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

Remote sensing of aerosols over land accounting for the directional effects.D. Ramon and R. Santer 917

Cloud top phase from POLDER on ADEOS I statistical analysis and comparison to existing climatologies.J. Riedi, P. Goloub, and M. Doutriaux-Boucher 921

Adjacency effect on atmospheric correction for MOS and MERIS.C. Schmechtig and R. Santer 925

Global oceanic validation of the NOAA/NESDIS second generation aerosol retrieval algorithm with AERONET sun-photometer observations.L.L. Stowe and T.X.-P. Zhao 929

Satellite-borne sets of instruments for regular measurements of atmospheric pollution by active and passive opticalchannels.V.M. Vishniakov, V.N. Tochonov, V.V. Borisov, V.V. Ivanov, E.A. Andrushak, V.D. Shargorodsky, andM.V. Novikov 933

Retreiving the vertical profile of cloud droplet size using multispectral near-infrared measurements.F.-L. Chang and Z. Li 937

Cloud-phase determination using near-infrared AVIRIS measurements.W.H. Knap, P. Stammes, and R.B.A. Koelemeijer 941

Simulations of backscattered and depolarized lidar profiles for cirrus clouds composed of non-spherical particles,including multiple scattering effects.V. Noel, G. Ledanois, and H. Chepfer 945

An algorithm for microwave remote sounding of convective clouds based on Neural Networks and computerizedtomography.I.V. Samsonov, L.P. Bobylev, V.N. Troyan, and O.M. Johannessen 949

Retrievals of atmospheric integrated parameters over oceans with SSM/I data using Neural Networks approach.E.V. Zabolotskikh, L.P. Bobylev, L.M. Mitnik, Yu.M. Timofeev, and O.M. Johannessen 953

Optical model of industrial aerosols at spectral ranges 0.4 - 1 , 4 - 6 , and 8 - 1 2 mkm for laser sounding and radiativetransfer problems.V.V. Barun, A.P. Ivanov, F.P. Osipenko, and A.P. Chaikovsky 957

Monitoring turbidity parameter id aerosol properties from spectral solar irradiance measurements in the Gulf of Cadiz(Spain).V.E. Cachorro, R. Vergaz, A.M. de Frutos, J.M. Vilaplana, and B.A. de la Morena 961

Aerosol optical depth, ozone and water vapor measurements by means of a sun-photometer network in Switzerland.T. Ingold, C. Matzler, and A. Heimo 965

A composite retrieval scheme for ground-based remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol characteristics.D. Lu and M. Duan : 969

SeaWiFS atmospheric corrections over coastal waters: Creation of an aerosol climatology over the Venice site.N. Martiny, J.-C. Roger, and R. Santer 973

Lidar studies of stratospheric aerosol layer over Tomsk (56.5N, 85.0E).V.V. Zuev, V.D. Burlakov, and A.V. Elnikov 977

Observation of clouds by 95 GHz radar and lidar systems: Radius versus fall velocity.H. Okamoto, M. Yasui, H. Horie, H. Kuroiwa, H. Kumagai, and S. Iwasaki 981

35-GHz Doppler radar and microwave radiometer derived size distributions of stratus clouds.S. Kato, G.G. Mace, E.E. Clothiaux, and J.C. Liljegren 985

CONTENTS xix

Ground-based remote sensing of cloud properties from multi-spectral FTIR measurements.M. Dreyer and S. Bakan 989

Remote spectroscopic determination of cloud parameters.S.V. Dvorjashin and A.G. Petrushin 993

Some regularities of variations of semitransparent cloud parameters.A.A. Isakov 995

Analysis of lidar returns from rectangles and hexagonal ice crystals.S. Iwasaki and H. Okamoto 999

Characteristics of microwave radiative transfer of atmosphere, clouds and precipitation during TOGA COAREIOP.L. Zhang, J. Liu, Z. Cui, and X. Dou 1003

Shrinking of the Arctic ice cover over the last decades.O.M. Johannessen, E. Shalina, S. Kuzmina, M.W. Miles, and A. Nagurnyi 1007

Numerical simulations of transspectral processes in clear and turbid waters: Implications for water quality remote sensingin the visible spectrum.D.V. Pozdnyakov, A. Lyaskovsky, H. Grass), F.J. Tanis, and L.H. Pettersson 1011

Measurements of sea surface reflectivity in the IR window region.L. Fiedler and S. Bakan 1015

Archiving of atmospheric data: Data formats and database.M. De Maziere, M. Van Roozendael, B.R. Bojkov, J. de la Noe, E. Mahieu, and R. Neuber 1019

Physical retrieval of ocean and lake surface temperatures via scanning spectrometer.N.R. Nalli and W.L. Smith 1023

Session H: Field Experiment Results

Convener: Ehrhard Raschke

Enhancement of actinic fluxes and photodissociation frequencies under cloudy conditions: Comparison of simulations andobservations.B. Friih, T. Trautmann, C. Briihl, E. Eckstein, and D. Perner 1027

Polarimetric investigation of optical properties of vegetation using a helicopter and ground based radiometers.T. Takashima and K. Masuda 1031

The photosynthetically active solar radiation coming to the Earth surface under clear sky conditions.E.M. Feigelson and O.A. Shilovtseva 1035

Determination of the photolysis rate coefficients for O3 and NO2 by means of spectral actinic flux measurements.G. Pfister, D. Baumgartner, R. Maderbacher, G. Folberth, D.F. Vogl, and E. Putz 1039

Relation between radiation and nucleation events in Hyytiala during the 1999.M. Boy, E. M. Kulmala, T. Pohja, and M. Dal Maso 1043

Solar absorption by winter boundary-layer clouds over the sea through collocated aircraft measurements: Two case studiesof continental-type water and maritime mixed-phased stratocumuli.S. Asano, A. Uchiyama, A. Yamazaki, J.-F. Gayet, and H. Isaka 1047

ZCAREX-99: First winter Zvenigorod Cloud-Aerosol-Radiation Experiment.G.S. Golitsyn, A.K. Shukurov, I.I. Mokhov, A.I. Alekseev, P.P. Anikin, G.N. Chlenova, A.V. Djola, S.V.Dvoryashin, A.S. Elokhov, A.S. Emilenko, E.M. Feigelson, Yu.V. Glushchenko, LA. Gorchakova, E.I.Grechko, A.N. Gruzdev, A.A. Isakov, D.I. Olshansky, I.N. Plakhina, E.V. Romashova, L.M. Shukurova, V.N.Sidorov, M.A. Sviridenkov, A.V. Tikhonov, V.G. Tolstobrov, A.G. Petrushin, and A.N. Rublev 1051

xx IRS 2000: CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

Radiation budget measurements in the lower troposphere.L.J.B. McArthur and D.H. Halliwell 1054

Mathematical simulation of surface solar radiation distribution at broken clouds conditions.V.V. Trembach, A.N. Rublev, and T.A. Udalova 1058

Variability of the solar radiation in the different spectral regions by cumulus clouds.G.M. Abakumova, Ye.I. Nezval', and O.A. Shilovtseva 1061

Comparison between observed and modelled water cloud radiative properties.Z. Sun and D. Pethick 1065

CRYSTAL—The Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and LayersV.E. Delnore, S.K. Cox, and R.J. Curran 1069

Improvements in the broadband radiative transfer code aimed to achieve better agreement between modeled and measuredsolar irradiances on the ground.T.A. Tarasova and T.F. Eck 1073

Features of long-term variations of coefficient of transparency and components of solar radiation in Siberia and the Far-East of Russia for 1967-1995.I.M. Baikova 1077

Experimental study of heat transfer in atmospheric surface layer.A.A. Eliseyev, N.N. Paramonova, V.I. Privalov, and Z.M. Utina 1081

Vicarious calibration using an automatic ground-based station.C. Six, R. Santer, C. Schmechtig, and J.-C. Roger 1085

Intercomparison of atmospheric radiance measurements by two Fourier transform spectrometers flown on the NASA ER-2.H. Hu, J. Dykema, D.W. Keith, L. Lapson, J.G. Anderson, R.O. Knuteson, and W.L. Smith 1089

Directed component of spectral radiation of the Sun.G.A. Nikolsky, E.O. Shultz, and V.V. Makarova 1093

The thermal structure of the atmospheric boundary layer in an Alpine valley: Results of continuous remote sensingmeasurements and comparison with radiosonde data.E. Kadygrov, V. Kadygrov, E. Miller, H. Weber, and M.W. Rotach 1097

Variations of solar irradiance in different spectral regions and their possible effects on the phenological expression offorest plants (MSU Meteorological Observatory - Zvenigorod Biostation Experiment).N.Ye. Chubarova, A.Yu. Yurova, N.N. Uliumdzhieva, P.G. Toropov, G.M. Abakumova, Ye.I. Nezval', O.A.Shiovtseva, N.G. Prilepsky, P.Yu. Zhmylev, Ye.A. Karpuhina, Ye.A. Kolesnikova, A.R. Riebau, andA.W. Shoettle 1101

Online software for simulation of radiation measurements.A.N. Rublev, A.N. Trotsenko, V.V. Trembach, and A.V. Kopylov 1105

Modelling satellite observations in the thermal infrared windows.I.J. Barton 1109

Relationships between temperature and snow cover in spring.S.Keevallik 1113

The experience of the visual solar radiation measurements in the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory.O.A. Shilovtseva 1117

Retrieval simulations for MIPAS-STR measurements.M. Hopfner, C.E. Blom, G. Echle, N. Glatthor, F. Hase, and G.P. Stiller 1121

Remote sensing of temperature and atmospheric constituents from surface based FTIR measurements.S. Bakan, J. Schlicht, H.-D. Holtweg, and L. Fiedler 1125

CONTENTS xxi

Measurements of carbonaceous gases and dinitrogen monoxide contents in urban air by the Fourier-transformspectroscopy.Yu.I. Baranov, H.L. Baranova, G.I. Boogrim, and F.V. Kashin 1129

Ground based lidar, radiosonde and satellite atmospheric water vapour measurement campaigns in Southern Italy.V. Cuomo, P.F. Ambrico, A. Amodeo, S. Amoruso, P. Di Girolamo, M. Pandolfi, V. Lanorte,G. Pappalardo, N. Pergola, C. Pietrapertosa, F. Romano, V. Tramutoli, A. Boselli, and N. Spinelli 1133

MIPAS-STR data analysis of APE-GAIA measurements.M. Hopfner, C.E. Blom, T.v. Clarmann, H. Fischer, N. Glatthor, T. Guide, F. Hase, C. Keim, W. Kimmig,K. Lessenich, C. Piesch, C. Sartorius, and G.P. Stiller 1136

Ground-based spectroscopic measurements of atmospheric trace gases.M.V. Makarova, A.V. Poberovski, I.K. Gusev, S.I. Osipov, and H. Grassl 1140

Water vapor column content and optical depths.U. Leiterer, G. Alexseeva, H. Dier, V. Galkin, J. Giildner, A. Kats, D. Nagel, A. Naebert, T. Naebert, V.Novikov, and K. Schrobitz 1144

Spectroscopic monitoring of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in the centre of Eurasia.V.N. Arefev, K.N. Visheratin, N.Ye. Kamenogradsky, F.V. Kashin, V.K. Semyonov, V.P. Sinyakov, andL.I. Sorokina 1147

Variations of the stratospheric ozone vertical distribution from results of ground-based remote sensing at millimeter waves.S.V. Solomonov, E.P. Kropotkina, S.B. Rozanov, and A.N. Lukin 1150

Studies of total ozone and nitrogen dioxide.V.K. Semyonov, V.P. Sinyakov, V.N. Arefev, K.N. Visheratin, N.Ye. Kamenogradsky, and F.V. Kashin 1153

Measurements of nitrogen dioxide and identification of molecular composition of aerosols in the atmospheric boundarylayer.L.M. Shukhurova, A.S. Elokhov, D.I. Olshansky, and A.N. Gruzdev 1158

The UV climatology in Belgium from UV field monitoring.D. Gillotay and D. Bolsee 1162

Dependence of spectral UV irradiance on cloud amount and type.S. Simic, P. Weihs, and G. Rengarajan 1166

UV spectral irradiance. Results of campaigns. Beginning of a French network. *A. de la Casiniere, J. Lenoble, D. Masserot, C. Brogniez, and T. Cabot 1169

Total ozone and UV-radiation monitoring in the Central European region of Russia.A.F. Nerushev, N.V. Tereb, V.I. Vasilyev, T.V. Kozina, and I.V. Galkina 1173

Modelling the effect of an inhomogeneous surface albedo on incident UV radiation in mountainous terrain: Determinationof an effective surface albedo.P. Weihs, S. Simic, G. Rengarajan, T. Martin, D. Schmucki, R. Philipona, C. Sergent, E. Pougatch,G. Seckmeyer, M. Blumthaler, T. Pichler, J. Lenoble, A. de la Casiniere, T. Cabot, D. Masserot,J. Grobner, and A. Albold 1177

An overview of the results from the comparison of UV-Index forecasted and measured at all atmospheric conditionsincluding clouds.P. Koepke, H. De Backer, P. Eriksen, U. Feister, D. Grifoni, T. Koskela, A. Lehmann, Z. Litynska,A. Schmalwieser, H. Staiger, and K. Vanicek 1181

Upward and downward irradiation measurements on board of geophysica aircraft during APE- THESEO and APE- GAIAfield campaigns.I. Kostadinov, G. Giovanelli, F. Ravegnani, D. Bortoli, A. Petritoli, U. Bonafe, M.L. Rastello, and P. Pisoni.... 1185

xxii IRS 2000: CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION

Biologically active UV irradiance: Temporal and spatial variations based on satellite and ground measurements overEurasia.N.Ye. Chubarova, A.Yu. Yurova, N.N. Uliumdzhieva, N.A. Krotkov, and J.R. Herman 1189

Radiation, ozone, and aerosol measurements at Lampedusa during the PAURII campaign.A. di Sarra, M. Cacciani, M. Campanelli, P. Chamard, C. Cornwall, J. DeLuisi, L. De Silvestri, T. Di Iorio,P. Disterhoft, G. Fiocco, D. Fua, P. Grigioni, W. Junkermann, F. Marenco, D. Meloni, and F. Monteleone,and B. Olivieri 1193

Observations of polarized zenith-sky radiances during twilight with application to aerosol profile evaluation.O.V. Postylyakov, N.F. Elansky, A.S. Elokhov, A.N. Masleev, M.N. Orlov, and S.A. Sitnov 1197

Spatial-temporal variability of the aerosol optical thickness over Atlantic ocean.D.M. Kabanov and S.M. Sakerin 1201

Typical and anomaly spectral behavior of aerosol optical thickness of the atmosphere in Western Siberia.D.M. Kabanov, E.V. Makienko, R.F. Rakhimov, and S.M. Sakerin 1205

Adaptive optical aerosol atmosphere model for the correction of environment remote sending data.O.I. Smokty and N.V. Kobiakova 1209

Scattering phase function of dust haze.M. Sviridenkov, G. Gorchakov, V. Sidorov, and P. Anikin 1213

Retrieval of the aerosol microphysical characteristics from spectral nephelometric measurements.M. Sviridenkov 1215

Variability of aerosol optical depth in the atmosphere in the Eurasia centre.V.N. Arefev, K.N. Visheratin, N.Ye. Kamenogradsky, F.V Kashin, V.K. Semyonov, V.P. Sinyakov, andL.I. Sorokina 1219

Session I: Weather and Climate Applications

Convener: Anthony Slingo

Validation of clouds and radiation simulated by different LMD GCM versions at different latitudes.A.V. Eliseev, I.I. Mokhov, and H. Le Treut 1223

Satellite climatology of aerosol amount and size for use in climate research. „I.V. Geogdzhayev, M. Mishchenko, and W.B. Rossow 1227

Deficiencies in GCM-simulated downward longwave radiation infered from surface observations.M. Wild, A. Ohmura, H. Gilgen, J.-J. Morcrette, and A. Slingo 1231

A comparison of thermal emission spectra for climate change studies.H.E. Brindley, P.J. Sagoo, and J.E. Harries 1235

A neural-network-based longwave radiative transfer model: Application in the ECMWF forecast system.F. Chevallier, J.-J. Morcrette, and J.-F. Mahfouf 1239

Effects of cloud inhomogeneities on the sensitivity of cloud-field albedo to droplet concentration.P.F. Coley and P.R. Jonas 1243

GERB products for weather and climate applications.S. Dewitte, N. Clerbaux, L. Gonzalez, A. Hermans, A. Ipe, A. Joukoff, and G. Sadowski 1247

Influence of cloud's parameters variation on radiative characteristics of system 'Earth-atmosphere.'L.R. Dmitrieva-Arrago, M.V. Shatunova, and P.I. Luzan 1251

GCM radiative forcing of sea salt aerosols.J.S. Dobbie, J. Li, R. Harvey, and P. Chylek 1255

CONTENTS xxiii

The sensitivity of the radiation budget to cirrus microphysics: A GCM study.J.M. Edwards, D.L. Mitchell, D. Ivanova, and D.R. Wilson 1259

Investigating the treatment of clouds and radiation in HADAM3 by comparisons with measurements from ARM andBSRN.E. Ostrom, J.M. Edwards, R. Kershaw, and A. Slingo 1263

Natural disasters as observed from space: A functional approach to describe weather and climate patterns.V.V. Kozoderov 1267

Optical and radiation models of extended clouds.I.N. Melnikova 1271

Modifying the radiation scheme in the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric climate model.P. Raisanen, M. Rummukainen, and J. Raisanen 1275

Trends and long-period variations of the solar variability and activity and its link with climatic changes.O.M. Raspopov, V.A. Dergachev, and O.I. Shumilov 1279

Sensitivity to changes in cloud prediction schemes in a General Circulation Model.M.D. Schwarzkopf and V. Ramaswamy 1283

SCM sensitivity to microphysics, radiation and convection algorithms.S.F. lacobellis, R.C.J. Somerville, and D.E. Lane 1287

Advanced broadband parameterizations for the calculation of the solar radiation absorption by water vapor.T.A. Tarasova and B.A. Fomin 1291

Estimation of sunshine duration from global radiation measurements for general application purposes.

F.R.S. Carvalho, L.F. Nunes, and D.V. Henriques 1295

AUTHOR INDEX 1299

SUBJECT INDEX ". 1303