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Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices? Finding Shelter: Affordability Squeeze in a Tight Texas Housing Market Dallas Federal Reserve February 23, 2018

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Page 1: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?

Finding Shelter: Affordability Squeeze in a Tight Texas Housing MarketDallas Federal Reserve

February 23, 2018

Page 2: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Constrained supply plus strong demand = accelerated price gains

Note: Seasonally adjusted.Sources: Federal Housing Finance Agency and Real Estate Center at Texas A&M University.

House Price Index(Index 1Q2007=100)

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

United States

Texas

Austin‐Round Rock

Dallas‐Plano‐Irving

Fort Worth‐Arlington

Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land

San Antonio‐New Braunfels

Page 3: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster than incomes

Sources: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and author’s calculations.

Ratio Texas Personal Disposable Income Per Capita to House Prices(Index 1Q1975=100)

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1975

 ‐ Q1

1976

 ‐ Q2

1977

 ‐ Q3

1978

 ‐ Q4

1980

 ‐ Q1

1981

 ‐ Q2

1982

 ‐ Q3

1983

 ‐ Q4

1985

 ‐ Q1

1986

 ‐ Q2

1987

 ‐ Q3

1988

 ‐ Q4

1990

 ‐ Q1

1991

 ‐ Q2

1992

 ‐ Q3

1993

 ‐ Q4

1995

 ‐ Q1

1996

 ‐ Q2

1997

 ‐ Q3

1998

 ‐ Q4

2000

 ‐ Q1

2001

 ‐ Q2

2002

 ‐ Q3

2003

 ‐ Q4

2005

 ‐ Q1

2006

 ‐ Q2

2007

 ‐ Q3

2008

 ‐ Q4

2010

 ‐ Q1

2011

 ‐ Q2

2012

 ‐ Q3

2013

 ‐ Q4

2015

 ‐ Q1

2016

 ‐ Q2

2017

 ‐ Q3

Page 4: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Fundamentals influence price movements in housing markets

Supply side: Building permits Housing starts Land costs Construction costs Regulation

Demand side: Demographics Income growth Employment growth Interest rates Locational characteristics (schools, work centers, and transportation)

Page 5: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Comparing estimated values to actual prices might show price misalignments

The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) house price index.

Methodology used by Case‐Shiller (2003) applied to Texas and major MSAs (Austin, Dallas‐Fort Worth, Houston, and San Antonio).

Methodology was one of first to point out formation of a housing bubble in U.S. housing market.

Page 6: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Estimates confirm Case-Shiller results from 1Q2004 to 2Q2011 leading to housing boom and subsequent bust

Sources: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and author’s calculations.

Case‐Shiller U.S Home Price Estimates(Index 1Q1975=100)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1975

 ‐ Q1

1976

 ‐ Q2

1977

 ‐ Q3

1978

 ‐ Q4

1980

 ‐ Q1

1981

 ‐ Q2

1982

 ‐ Q3

1983

 ‐ Q4

1985

 ‐ Q1

1986

 ‐ Q2

1987

 ‐ Q3

1988

 ‐ Q4

1990

 ‐ Q1

1991

 ‐ Q2

1992

 ‐ Q3

1993

 ‐ Q4

1995

 ‐ Q1

1996

 ‐ Q2

1997

 ‐ Q3

1998

 ‐ Q4

2000

 ‐ Q1

2001

 ‐ Q2

2002

 ‐ Q3

2003

 ‐ Q4

2005

 ‐ Q1

2006

 ‐ Q2

2007

 ‐ Q3

2008

 ‐ Q4

2010

 ‐ Q1

2011

 ‐ Q2

2012

 ‐ Q3

2013

 ‐ Q4

2015

 ‐ Q1

2016

 ‐ Q2

2017

 ‐ Q3

U.S.: Actual FHFA Price Index U.S.: Estimated value FHFA Price Index

Page 7: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Misalignment since 1Q2015 suggests recent price changes cannot be explained by Supply and Demand

Sources: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and author’s calculations.

Case‐Shiller Texas Home Price Estimates(Index 1Q1975=100)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1975

 ‐ Q1

1976

 ‐ Q2

1977

 ‐ Q3

1978

 ‐ Q4

1980

 ‐ Q1

1981

 ‐ Q2

1982

 ‐ Q3

1983

 ‐ Q4

1985

 ‐ Q1

1986

 ‐ Q2

1987

 ‐ Q3

1988

 ‐ Q4

1990

 ‐ Q1

1991

 ‐ Q2

1992

 ‐ Q3

1993

 ‐ Q4

1995

 ‐ Q1

1996

 ‐ Q2

1997

 ‐ Q3

1998

 ‐ Q4

2000

 ‐ Q1

2001

 ‐ Q2

2002

 ‐ Q3

2003

 ‐ Q4

2005

 ‐ Q1

2006

 ‐ Q2

2007

 ‐ Q3

2008

 ‐ Q4

2010

 ‐ Q1

2011

 ‐ Q2

2012

 ‐ Q3

2013

 ‐ Q4

2015

 ‐ Q1

2016

 ‐ Q2

2017

 ‐ Q3

Texas: Actual FHFA Price Index Texas: Estimated value FHFA Price Index

Page 8: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Same misalignment observed in Austin since 2Q2014 . . .

Sources: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and author’s calculations.

Case‐Shiller Austin Home Price Estimates(Index 1Q1975=100)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1990

 ‐ Q1

1990

 ‐ Q4

1991

 ‐ Q3

1992

 ‐ Q2

1993

 ‐ Q1

1993

 ‐ Q4

1994

 ‐ Q3

1995

 ‐ Q2

1996

 ‐ Q1

1996

 ‐ Q4

1997

 ‐ Q3

1998

 ‐ Q2

1999

 ‐ Q1

1999

 ‐ Q4

2000

 ‐ Q3

2001

 ‐ Q2

2002

 ‐ Q1

2002

 ‐ Q4

2003

 ‐ Q3

2004

 ‐ Q2

2005

 ‐ Q1

2005

 ‐ Q4

2006

 ‐ Q3

2007

 ‐ Q2

2008

 ‐ Q1

2008

 ‐ Q4

2009

 ‐ Q3

2010

 ‐ Q2

2011

 ‐ Q1

2011

 ‐ Q4

2012

 ‐ Q3

2013

 ‐ Q2

2014

 ‐ Q1

2014

 ‐ Q4

2015

 ‐ Q3

2016

 ‐ Q2

2017

 ‐ Q1

Austin: Actual FHFA Price Index Austin: Estimated value FHFA Price Index

Page 9: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

. . . in DFW since 1Q2014

Sources: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and author’s calculations.

Case‐Shiller DFW Home Price Estimates(Index 1Q1975=100)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1990

 ‐ Q1

1990

 ‐ Q4

1991

 ‐ Q3

1992

 ‐ Q2

1993

 ‐ Q1

1993

 ‐ Q4

1994

 ‐ Q3

1995

 ‐ Q2

1996

 ‐ Q1

1996

 ‐ Q4

1997

 ‐ Q3

1998

 ‐ Q2

1999

 ‐ Q1

1999

 ‐ Q4

2000

 ‐ Q3

2001

 ‐ Q2

2002

 ‐ Q1

2002

 ‐ Q4

2003

 ‐ Q3

2004

 ‐ Q2

2005

 ‐ Q1

2005

 ‐ Q4

2006

 ‐ Q3

2007

 ‐ Q2

2008

 ‐ Q1

2008

 ‐ Q4

2009

 ‐ Q3

2010

 ‐ Q2

2011

 ‐ Q1

2011

 ‐ Q4

2012

 ‐ Q3

2013

 ‐ Q2

2014

 ‐ Q1

2014

 ‐ Q4

2015

 ‐ Q3

2016

 ‐ Q2

2017

 ‐ Q1

DFW: Actual FHFA Price Index DFW: Estimated value FHFA Price Index

Page 10: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

. . . in Houston since 4Q2014

Sources: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and author’s calculations.

Case‐Shiller Houston Home Price Estimates(Index 1Q1975=100)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1990

 ‐ Q1

1990

 ‐ Q4

1991

 ‐ Q3

1992

 ‐ Q2

1993

 ‐ Q1

1993

 ‐ Q4

1994

 ‐ Q3

1995

 ‐ Q2

1996

 ‐ Q1

1996

 ‐ Q4

1997

 ‐ Q3

1998

 ‐ Q2

1999

 ‐ Q1

1999

 ‐ Q4

2000

 ‐ Q3

2001

 ‐ Q2

2002

 ‐ Q1

2002

 ‐ Q4

2003

 ‐ Q3

2004

 ‐ Q2

2005

 ‐ Q1

2005

 ‐ Q4

2006

 ‐ Q3

2007

 ‐ Q2

2008

 ‐ Q1

2008

 ‐ Q4

2009

 ‐ Q3

2010

 ‐ Q2

2011

 ‐ Q1

2011

 ‐ Q4

2012

 ‐ Q3

2013

 ‐ Q2

2014

 ‐ Q1

2014

 ‐ Q4

2015

 ‐ Q3

2016

 ‐ Q2

2017

 ‐ Q1

Houston: Actual FHFA Price Index Houston: Estimated value FHFA Price Index

Page 11: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

. . . in San Antonio since 2Q2015 Possible overvaluation of home prices at state and MSA levels

Sources: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, and author’s calculations.

Case‐Shiller San Antonio Home Price Estimates(Index 1Q1975=100)

0

50

100

150

200

250

1990

 ‐ Q1

1990

 ‐ Q4

1991

 ‐ Q3

1992

 ‐ Q2

1993

 ‐ Q1

1993

 ‐ Q4

1994

 ‐ Q3

1995

 ‐ Q2

1996

 ‐ Q1

1996

 ‐ Q4

1997

 ‐ Q3

1998

 ‐ Q2

1999

 ‐ Q1

1999

 ‐ Q4

2000

 ‐ Q3

2001

 ‐ Q2

2002

 ‐ Q1

2002

 ‐ Q4

2003

 ‐ Q3

2004

 ‐ Q2

2005

 ‐ Q1

2005

 ‐ Q4

2006

 ‐ Q3

2007

 ‐ Q2

2008

 ‐ Q1

2008

 ‐ Q4

2009

 ‐ Q3

2010

 ‐ Q2

2011

 ‐ Q1

2011

 ‐ Q4

2012

 ‐ Q3

2013

 ‐ Q2

2014

 ‐ Q1

2014

 ‐ Q4

2015

 ‐ Q3

2016

 ‐ Q2

2017

 ‐ Q1

San Antonio: Actual FHFA Price Index San Antonio: Estimated value FHFA Price Index

Page 12: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Housing starts represent supply fundamentals Are they capturing the supply constraints faced by homebuilder?

In aftermath of 2008–09 Great Recession, housing supply held back by lack of developed land resulting in upward pressures on land costs for homebuilders.

Other constraints: • high costs of labor and materials• reduced profit margins• incentive to construct homes priced more than $300,000.

Page 13: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Single-family construction has not recovered causing low inventories

Note: Seasonally adjusted and detrended.Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis and Real Estate Center at Texas A&M University.

Texas Single Family Permits Per Capita and Months of Inventory(Index Jan2005=100, Months)

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Jan‐05

Aug‐05

Mar‐06

Oct‐06

May‐07

Dec‐07

Jul‐0

8

Feb‐09

Sep‐09

Apr‐10

Nov

‐10

Jun‐11

Jan‐12

Aug‐12

Mar‐13

Oct‐13

May‐14

Dec‐14

Jul‐1

5

Feb‐16

Sep‐16

Apr‐17

Nov

‐17

Permits Per Capita (Left Axis) Months of Inventory (Right Axis)

Page 14: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Months of inventory for housing: less than $250,000, at historical lows

Note: Seasonally adjusted and detrended.Source: Real Estate Center at Texas A&M University.

Texas Months of Inventory by Price Cohort(Months)

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Jan‐11

Apr‐11

Jul‐1

1

Oct‐11

Jan‐12

Apr‐12

Jul‐1

2

Oct‐12

Jan‐13

Apr‐13

Jul‐1

3

Oct‐13

Jan‐14

Apr‐14

Jul‐1

4

Oct‐14

Jan‐15

Apr‐15

Jul‐1

5

Oct‐15

Jan‐16

Apr‐16

Jul‐1

6

Oct‐16

Jan‐17

Apr‐17

Jul‐1

7

Oct‐17

$0‐$199,000$200,000‐$299,999$300,000‐$399,999$400,000‐$499,99$500,000+

Page 15: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Identifying home price misalignments: not easy and even more difficult “bubbles”

No sure way of knowing what prices “should be”

No single methodology offers complete confidence.

No certainty to say home prices overvalued or undervalued or if price bubble is forming.

Various methodologies can be used to complement each other.

Page 16: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Evidence regarding Texas' 25 MSAs record episodes of “explosive behavior" in house price

Page 17: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Map indicates a misalignment in North Texas home prices relative to their fundamental-based normative values.

Page 18: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

During U.S. housing bubble, homebuyers motivated to invest by strong expectations in future price changes Homebuyers generally perceived little risk of a possible fall in housing prices. 

Emotional, casual word‐of‐mouth factors played important roles in home‐purchasing decision. 

These conditions difficult to measure and based on feedback and comments of housing market participants. 

Page 19: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Purchasing home for investment purposes, perceived little risk of falling home prices, etc.

Seem not to be present currently in Texas housing market or in major Texas MSAs. 

At same time, market did not face a significant supply constraint causing sale inventory levels to fall to historical low.

Major contributor to current possible misalignment in home prices appears to be significant supply constraint in Texas housing market.

RECenter will continue to monitor and analyze. 

Page 20: Is Something Wrong with Texas Home Prices?/media/... · Houston‐The Woodlands‐Sugar Land San Antonio‐New Braunfels. Since 2012, Texas housing prices have been rising faster

Please visit our webpage

www.recenter.tamu.edu