IT Project Management

โดย ผศ.ดร.ม.ล. กุลธร เกษมสันต

The Triple Constraint

o Every project is constrained in different ways by its:n Scope goals: What is the project trying to

accomplish?n Time goals: How long should it take to

complete?n Cost goals: What should it cost?

o It is the project manager’s duty to balance these three often competing goals

The Triple Constraint of Project Management

Successful project management means meeting all three goals (scope, time, and cost) – and satisfying the project’s sponsor!

Project Management Framework

The Project Management and Information Technology Context

A Systems View of Project Management

o The term systems approach emerged in the 1950s to describe a holistic and analytical approach to solving complex problems.

o Three parts include:n Systems philosophy: View things as systems, which are

interacting components that work within an environment to fulfill some purpose.

n Systems analysis: Problem-solving approach. n Systems management: Address business, technological, and

organizational issues before making changes to systems.

Three Sphere Model for Systems Management

Understand Organizations

Structural frame:Focuses on roles and responsibilities, coordination, and control. Organization charts help define this frame.

Human resources frame:Focuses on providing harmony between needs of the organization and needs of people.

Political frame:Assumes organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. Conflict and power are key issues.

Symbolic frame: Focuses on symbols and meanings related to events. Culture is important.

Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle

o A project life cycle is a collection of project phases that defines:n What work will be performed in each phase.n What deliverables will be produced and when.n Who is involved in each phase. n How management will control and approve work

produced in each phase.

o A deliverable is a product or service produced or provided as part of a project.

Phases of the Traditional Project Life Cycle

Product Life Cycleso Products also have life cycles.o A systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework for

describing the phases involved in developing information systems which are planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support.

o Systems development projects can follow: n Predictive Software Development life cycle: The scope of the

project can be clearly articulated and the schedule and cost can be predicted.

n Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle: Projects are mission driven and component based, and use time-based cycles to meet target dates.

Distinguishing Project Life Cycles and Product Life Cycles

o The project life cycle applies to all projects, regardless of the products being produced.

o Product life cycle models vary considerably based on the nature of the product.

o Most large IT systems are developed as a series of projects.

o Project management is done in all of the product life cycle phases.

The Context of IT Projects

o IT projects can be very diverse in terms of size, complexity, products produced, application area, and resource requirements.

o IT project team members often have diverse backgrounds and skill sets.

o IT projects use diverse technologies that change rapidly. Even within one technology area, people must be highly specialized.

The Project Management Process Groups

Project Management Process Groups

o A process is a series of actions directed toward a particular result.

o Project management can be viewed as a number of interlinked processes.

o The project management process groups include:n Initiating processes n Planning processesn Executing processesn Monitoring and controlling processesn Closing processes

Level of Activity and Overlap of Process Groups Over Time

Mapping the Process Groups to the Knowledge Areas

o You can map the main activities of each PM process group into the nine knowledge areas by using the PMBOK® Guide 2004.

o Note that there are activities from eachknowledge area under the planning process group.

o All initiating activities are part of the project integration management knowledge area.

Relationships Among Process Groups and Knowledge Areas

Relationships Among Process Groups and Knowledge Areas (Cont.)

Questions and Answers