jaeri-m 89-119 - iaea
TRANSCRIPT
J A E R I - M
89-119
JAER 1 TANDEM, LINAC &
ANNUAL REPORT
1988
V.D.G.
April , 1988—March 3 1 ,
September 19 8 9
Department of Physics
1989
0 * J I ^ r t f l f f t f f i Japan Atomic Energy Research Instifute
JAERI-M
89-119
JAERI TANDEM， LlNAC & V.D.G.
ANNUAL REPORT
1988
April " '988-March 31， 1989
September 1 9 8 9
Department of Physics
日本原子力 研 究 所
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
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© Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. 1989
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JAERI-M 89-119
JAERI TANDEM, LINAC & V.D.G. Annual Report
1988
April 1, 1988 - March 31, 1989
Department of Physics Tokai Research Establishment
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken
(Received August 7, 1989)
This annual report describes research activities which have been performed with the JAERI tandem accelerator, the electron linear accelerator and the Van de Graaff accelerator from April 1, 1988 to March 31, 1989. Summary reports of 45 papers, and list of publications, personnel and cooperative researches with universities are contained.
Keywords: JAKRl TANDEM, e-l,INAC, V.D.G., Synchrotron Radiation, Atomic Physics, Radiation Chemistrv, Solid State Physics, Material Science, Nuclear Chemistry, Nuslear Physics, Neutron Physics, Annual Report
Editors: Naomoto Shikazono Mitsuhiko Ishii Yuuki Kawarasaki Yukio Kazumata Chiaki Kobayashi Yohta Nakai Yoichi Suto
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JAERI-M 89-119
JAERI TANDEM， LINAC & V.D.G.
Annua1 Report
1988
Apri1 1， 1988 -March 31， 1989
Department of Physics
Tokai Research Estab1ishment
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
Tokai-mura， Naka-gun， Ibaraki-ken
(Received August 7， 1989)
This annua1 report describes research activities which have been
performed with the JAERI tandem acce1erator， the e1ectron 1inear acce1erator
and the Van de Graaff acce1erator from Apri1 1， 1988 to March 31， 1989.
Summary reports of 45 papers， and 1ist of pub1ications 、personne1and
cooperative researches with universities are contained.
Kl'VWllr【!日 .JAEH1 T八NlJE門、 日ーLINAC，¥'.D.G.， Synchrotron Radiiltion， Atomic
Pllvsics， Radiation Chemistry， Solid Statc Physic目、 門司terial
只γil'nC('. Nllcle凡rCh('mi st ry. Nu日learPhysics， Nelltron Physics，
八1111ua I R(> p0 rt
(1)
Editors: Naomoto Shikazono
Mitsuhiko Ishii
Yuuki Kawarasaki
Yukio Kazumata
Chiaki Kobayashi
Yohta Nakai
Yoichi Suto
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
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J A E R I - M 89-119
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"1?MMA " Heavy Ion S p e c t r o m e t e r ENMA
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]AER 1‘M 89-119
Heavy Ion Spectrometer "ENMA"
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J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
PREFACE
This report covers activities of research and development carried out during the period from April 1 1988 through March 31 1989. The activities which were performed by using accelerators of Department of Physics are described in this report.
All the accelerators, i.e. the tandem accelerator, the electron linear accelerator and the Van de Graaff accelerator, have been operated stationarily and satisfactorily throughout the period. The tandem accelerator, with which a majority of the research activities have been done, operated on a regular schedule in accordance with the cycle of three months operation for the research activities and one month for the maintenance. A construction of a post accelerator to boost the energy of the heavy ion beams has begun in the period. The goal of our project is to obtain a 30 MV of accelerating voltage by using 40 superconducting quater wave resonators. The electron linear accelerator was newly equipped by a positron generator and by a small storage ring JSR. A project of free electron laser has progressed remarkably in this period.
Main subjects of our research activities contain; 1) atomic physics and chemistry, 2) solid state physics and radiation effects in materials, 3) nuclear chemistry, 4) nuclear physics, and 5) neutron physics.
During the period, more than GO staff members of JAERI have worked in the above mentioned fields of researches, and about 100 colleagues have joined from universities and institutes outside JAERI for collaboration in these studies.
An international symposium, organized and sponsored by JAERI, on heavy-ion reaction dynamics in tandem energy region was held at Hitachi, August 1-3, 1988. Sixty five participants including 20 guests from countries outside Japan gathered together and discussed on new and interesting aspects of heavy ion physics. Some of the studies presented in the symposium are included in this annual report.
Naomoto Shikazono Director Department of Physics
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]AERI-M 89-119
PREFACE
This r巴port covers activities of research and development carried out during the period from April 1 1988 through March 31 1989目 The activities which were performed by using accelerators of Department of Physics are described in this report.
All the accelerators， i. e. the tandem accelerator， the electron linear accelerator and the Van de Graaff accelerator， have been operated stationarily and satisfactorily throughout the period. The tandem accelerator， with which a majority of the r巴-
search activities have been done， operated on a regular schedul巴
in accordance with the cycle of three months operation for th巴
research activities and one month for the maintenanc巴 A con-struction of a post accelerator to boost the energy of the heavy ion beams has begun in the period. The goal of our project is to obtain a 30 MV of accelerating voltage by using 40 superconduct-ing quater wav巴 r日sonators. Th巴巴 lectron linear acc巴lerator was n巴wly equipped by a positron generator and by a small storage ring JSR. A project of free electron laser has progressed remark品 bly in this period.
刈ain subjects of our research activities contain; 1) atomic physics and ch巴mistry， 2) solid state physics and radiation ef-f日cts in materials， 3) nuclear ch巴mistry，4) nuclear physics， and 5) n巴utron physics.
During the p巴 riod， more than 60 staff members of JAERI have work己 d in the above mentioned fields of research巴s， and about 100 colleagu巴 s hav巴 joined from universities and institutes outside JAERl for collaboration in these studies.
An international symposium， organized and sponsored by JAERI. on h日avy-ion reaction dynamics in tandem 巴 nergy region was held at Hitachi， August 1-3， 1988. Sixty fiv巴 participants in-cluding 20 gu日sts from countries outside Japan gathered together and discussed on new and interesting aspects of heavy ion physics. Some of the studies presented in the symposium are in-cluded in this annual report.
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/官官ヲヱとうrρDirector Department of Physi
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
C o n t e n t s
I ACCELERATOR OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT 1
1.1 Tandem A c c e l e r a t o r O p e r a t i o n 3
1.2 E l e c t r o n L i n a c O p e r a t i o n and I m p r o v e m e n t s 6
1 .3 P r e s e n t C o n d i t i o n of Ion S o u r c e and Ion I n j e c t i o n S v s t e m 12
1.4 S u p e r c o n d u c t i n g B o o s t e r 16
1.5 P r o d u c t i o n o f I n t e n s e M o n o c h r o m a t i c P o s i t r o n Beam and i t s
A p p l i c a t i o n t o M a t e r i a l s S c i e n c e 19
1.6 S t a t u s o f t h e JAER1 F r e e E l e c t r o n L a s e r S y s t e m 24
1.7 E s t i m a t i o n of F E L ' s G a i n : D e s i g n S t u d i e s f o r t h e T o t a l S y s t e m in
P h a s e - 1 27
1 .8 I n j e c t o r Gun o f t h e L i n a c f o r a FEL O s c i l l a t o r 31
1 .9 D e s i g n of t h e E l e c t r o d e S h a p e o f t h e I n j e c t i o n Gun f o r t h e JAER1
F r e e E l e c t r o n L a s e r 35
1 .10 S p a c e C h a r g e E f f e c t s on Bunched Beam 39
1.11 H i g h e r B r i g h t n e s s I n j e c t o r : S u r v e y on P h o t o c a t h o d e I n j e c t o r
D e v e l o p m e n t and P r e l i m i n a l y D e s i g n C o n s i d e r a t i o n 43
1.12 C o n s t r u c t i o n of a Compact E l e c t r o n S t o r a g e R i n g , JSR 47
1 .13 F a b r i c a t i o n and RF P r o p e r t i e s of t h e S - b a n d TM010 M i c r o w a v e C a c i t y
Made of YI5a.,Cu () 51
1.14 D a t a O r i e n t e d P r o g r a m m i n g u s i n g L S S o l v e r 50
1.15 FORTH-HODAL P r e p a r a t i v e : I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a F o r t h M o n i t o r N u c l e u s
i n t o a ] 6 - b i t PC 64
II ATOMIC PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 69
2 . 1 H i g h - R e s o l u t i o n Z e r o - D e g r e e E l e c t r o n S p e c t r o s c o p v C I ) 71
2 . 2 Ion C h a n n e l i n g S p e c t r o s c o p y of S i n g l e C r y s t a l A u s t e n i t i c S t a i n l e s s
S t e e l 75
2 . 3 P e r t u r b e d A n g u l a r C o r r e l a t i o n M e a s u r e m e n t u s i n g P b - 1 0 0 / R h - 1 0 0
N u c l e a r P r o b e s 79
2 . 4 I o n i z a t i o n M e a s u r e m e n t i n a Gas T r a v e r s e d by A Beam of H i g h - E n e r g y
He .ivy I on 83
2.5 Heavy Ion Irradiation Induced Radicals in Polyvinylidene Fluoride 87
III SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND RADIATION EFFECTS IN MATERIALS 91 3.1 Ion Conductivity of lithium Oxide Irradiated With Oxygem and
Lithium Ions 93
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11
J A E R j -¥1 89 -! 19
Contents
ACCELERATOR OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
1 .1 Tandem Ac仁elerator Ope ration ....................•............... 3
1.2 Electron Linac Operation and1mprov巴ments ....................... 6
1.3 Pr巴日ent Condition of 10n Source and 10n Inje~tion Sv日te'm ........ 12
1.4 Superconducting Booster ..•••.•.......•.......................... 16
1.5 Pruduction of 1ntense Monochromatic Positron seam and its
λpplication to ~lateria1s Science .. .... ........ ......... ......... 19
1.6 St εltuS of the JAERT Free E1ectron Laser Svstcm ........•...•..... 2-'+
J.7 Estimation of FEL's Gain:Design Studie日 for tlll' Tota 1 Sys仁川nin
Ph;lSP-! .........•............................................... 27
] .月 Injt'l'tけrGun of the Linac for a FEL usc、illator ...... '" .•....... 31
] .4 Ilじ行1巳n Llf tlw EJectrode Shapl' of the Inj<..'cti口n Cun fOl' the JAERJ
ドrec EJe仁tronLaser ..............•.............................. 35
1.JO Spacp Charge Effl'cts on Bunched Beam ....... ............. ........ 39
J .11 Ilighcr srightness Injcctor:Survey on Phot()('athodL' Injl'ctor
DcvI'1opmC'l1t and Pre1imina1y Dcsign COl1sidl'ratioll ................ 43
1.12 仁川1Stru('t ion of ;1 Cnmp.:lct ElL'ct nm Stora只L' Rin兄、 .JSR .•.......... 47
1. 13 ド‘;h r i (' a t i on ‘111 d I~ ド PropC' rt i e日 of tlw S-band '1刈()1 0 ~I i l' rowavθCad ty
、1εldl' of Y l\ a..C\l~()_ . ............................................. SI 2' '"3"7-'
1.14 !l;Jt;J ()ricnt('d ド1'0只rilmming ¥lsin日 LSSO]Vl'r .........，..............わ()
I . 1うドORTH-HOD八LI'reparative: Implementation of a F01'th :-1ρni tor Nucleus
il1 toλJh-hit l'仁... . .. . . .. .. .. . '" . ... . .... . . . .. . . . . .. .， • • '" .•• h4
人 ro~11 C I'IIYS J仁只 '¥"，n CHE~IJSTRY ....................................... h9
2. I 11 i g 11 -f{L'目。lutilln Zerけ ー])c包rcc Elcctron Spectroscopy(J) ............ 71
) ') 1 ("1 仁h，ml1v1 i n~i 只p C'L' tro 日 copv o[ Single Crystal Austenitic Stainless
日 t l' l~l ...............................•.............••............ 75
2. 3 l'l'rtul-lwLl .¥nguLlr Correlation ~Ieasurement using Pb-l00/Rh-l00
"'uch'ar Prけhい汚 . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‘・・・・・・・・・・ 79
2.4 lonization Measurement ln a Ga日 Traversedby A Bearn of High-Energy
flc.1VV lon .....•.........•.•........•.....•...........•..••..•••. 83
2.5 HC'司vy lon Trradiation Tnduced Radicals in Polyvinylidene
Fluoride ......••..................•.........•...........••...... 87
III SOUD STATE PHYSICS AND RADIATION EFFECTS IN MATERIALS ...••..•.•.•• 91
3.1 Ion Conductivity of lithium Oxld巴 IrradlateclWith Oxygem and
Lithium Ions ...••.••.•..•.....•.•••.•.•••..••••...••.•••..•••.•• 93
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JAKR I- M 8 9 - 1 19
S w e l l i n g of L i t h i u m O x i d e I r r a d i a t e d w i t h High E n e r g e t i c L i t h i u m
I o n s 97
Damage S t r u c t u r e O b t a i n e d by C r o s s - s o c t i o n a l O b s e r v a t i o n i n He-Ior .
I r r a d i a t e d SiC 101
E l e c t r o n M i c r o s c o p i c O b s e r v a t i o n of L i t h i u m A l u m i n a t e I r r a d i a t e d
wi t h Oxygen I o n s 105
D e f e c t P r o d u c t i o n by E l e c t r o n E x c i t a t i o n i n FCC ' • l e t a l s I r r a d i a t e d
wi t h H igh E n e r g y Heavy I o n s 108
A S t u d y o f X-Ray D i f f r a c t i o n o f Ion I r r a d i a t e d CaAs C r y s t a l I l l
1 ' rec i . se X-Ray O b s e r v a t i o n of Si S i n g l e C r y s t a l s I r r a d i a t e d w i t h
Ene r g e t i c Heavy I o n s ( 7 ) 115
E f f e c t of 120 MeV 0 I o n I r r a d i a t i o n on E l e c t r o n i c P r o p e r t i e s o f
I.a.CuO 119 z ^
Effects of He Ion Irradiation on Superconductivity of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 Films 12 3
IHILEAR CHE MI STKY 12 7
Complex F r a g m e n t E m i s s i o n i n t h e R e a c t i o n 'CI + Zn 129
A F i s s i o n B a r r i e r S t u d y i n A c t i n i d e s 132 12 3 12 5 12 7
B s t a - D e c a y S t u d i e s of L a , La and La w i t h an O n - L i n e
1 s o t ope S e p a r a t o r 1 36
A S t u d v of S h o r t - l i v e d A e t i n i d e s by means of O n - l i n e C h e m i c a l
S e p a r a t i o n S y s t e m 139
'CLEAR PHYSICS 143
C o n t r i b u t i o n of N u c l e o n T r a n s f e r t o E l a s t i c S c a t t e r i n g of 28 5 8 , h 4 , , , . c
Si + Ni n e a r t h e Coulomb B a r r i e r 145 4
M e a s u r e m e n t s o f P r o - F i s s i o n He M u l t i p l i c i t y t o I n v e s t i g a t e t h e T e m p e r a t u r e D e p e n d e n c e o f Leve l D e n s i t y P a r a m e t e r 149 D e t e c t i o n o f t h e Be N u c l e i f rom t h e R e a c t i o n s S i + Zn
T? fS 4 and S + Ni 152
Shift of Neutron Resonance Levels in Periodic Structure 155 Electromagnetic Transition Probabilities in the Natural-Parity Rotat ional Band of J Gb 159 Electromagnetic Transition Probabilities in the Natural-Parity
173 Rotational Band of Yb 161 Lifetimes and G-factors of Excited States in Sn 165 Nuclear Structure of In 167 Invariant Fission Path in the Multi-Dimensional Parameter Space 168
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I A E R J -¥1 89-1 1 >l
3.2 Sw巴 llingof Lithium Oxide lrradiated with High Energetic Lithiul日
10ns .................•..........•..............•.........•.....• 97
3.3 D3.mage St ructure Obtained hy Cros日一日0ctional Observation in He-Io~
lrradiated SiC .........................................•....•.•. 101
3.4 E1C'l'tronト1i l~ ros cnpi仁 Observationof Lithium f¥luminatl' [rrauiat巴d
¥vi th l)XVgl'Il lnn日.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 105
3.うJ)l'fpct Prけductionhv E1ectron Excitatinn in FCC 'Iet町a1s IrradLlted
¥vi th High Energy Heavy 10ns ..................................... 108
'3. h ，¥ S tuιIy け fX-Ray J)iffraction of 1011 1 rracliateJ CaAs Crysta1 ..... 111
3.7 l'n'cis(' X-R.1y Ohse門司tion of Si Single Cry日tals Irradi.1ted with
Enいrgptic Hl':lVY lons (7) ......................................... 115 16
l.R Effじl't け f12()トleV 0 lon lrradiatinn on Eh'ctroni仁 Propertiesof
Ll~仁 u() ， ......................................................... 119 乙斗
3.Y Effel't日け fHl' 10n Irradiatinn 011 SlIpercllTIductivitv ()f Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-
()ドi1 m日.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .， 123
1¥' :¥l:t:j，[λR ClIEト11STJ¥Y .................................................. 127
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17 _ 68 (λ、01]11(';.; Fr注目日ll'nt Emi日目ion in th巳 React il¥n Cl + -Zn ........... 129
A ドi日行 jけn sarrier Studv in Act inides ............................ 132 121 125_ ， 127
¥)，.;t:l-J)l'l':lY Studies of ---I.a， ---La anJ -- LiI ¥¥'ith:ll1 On-Line
jベけt"Pl' S"j1，lr，'Itけ r ...........................................•... 136
¥ Studv け Short-1 iVL'd Al't inidl'ー bvnlean日 υfOn-1 ine Clwmica1
日，'p;lr・1t i "11 Sγ日tl'm ..........................................••... 139
¥n:u:，¥J{ PHYS I C日 ...................................... .‘・・・・・・・・・・・・ 143
('け11-ri bllt iけt1 l】fNlIcl"'(ln Tr;lJlsfl'r to Elλ日ti l' S c a t t L' ri:1日 nf:.>s C，iLh!， リメ i+ 、 '4i t1l'ar tl1l' CO¥llnmh Barril'l- ............‘. • • • • • • • • • •• 145
4 :-1い‘i日lll"L'01いnt目。fl're-ドission 'He ~1111tjplicity to lnvestigate thL'
J'l白mpL'rat 1I n' 11<.> pe' nden l'(' () r I.l'VL' 1 !len s j t y P aramete r ............... 149 28ι8
¥ll' tいL't i l1l1け ftlle I¥l' :'>JlIじh>i from the Reactions 5i +'~7.n '32_ h!j
，ll1d '~S + --':-<i .................................................. 152
日hift of :'>Jeutron Rl'日onancl' Levl' 1日 inPeriodic Structure ....•.••. 155
E Il' (' t rom司gncticTran日ition Probabi]it1cs in the Natural-Parity ]57
Kけ tatinnal Bandけ[ 'J'Cb .. ...................................... 159
EIl'ctromagnetil' Transition Prohabi1itlc日 in the Natura1-Parity
173 Rotational Band of L' JYb ........................................ 161
106 LifL'times and G-factors of Excitcd States in '~vSn .............. 1ら5
105 NUl'.lcar Structure of ---ln ....................................‘. 167
Invariant Fission Path in the Multi-Dimen日iona1Parameter
Space .......................・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 168
(8)
JAKR 1 - M 8 9 - 1 1 ii
5 . 1 0 S t r u c t u r e of A c t i n i d e N u c l e i and t h e SPDF Boson Model 172
VI NKITRON PHYSICS 175 12
f) . 1 S c a t t e r i n g of 2 8 . 1 5 MeV N e u t r o n s 1 rom ('. 177
fS.2 Gamma-Ray P r o d u c t i o n C r o s s S e c t i o n s of A l , S i , Fe , Pb and Bi
a t 10 and 1 1 . 5 MeV 180
VI 1 Pl'BI.l CATIONS 185 VI I I PERSONNEL AND COMMITTEES 209 IX Co-OPERATIVK RESEARCHES 221
19)
J .¥ト:R ] -¥1 H 9 -I I H
5.10 St ructure of Act inide Nuc le i and the SPDF Bnson ~lode 1 .•.••....•. 172
V] NEl'TROi¥ PHYS I仁s.................................................... 175
12 h.] St'ilttering t，f 28.15 ト1e¥' Npul ron日 [rom 仁.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177
ら.2 G‘lmma-]{3Y I'rodllιt i un Cros討 Set' t i on s 0 f ，¥]、只， Ft-1司
Pb and Bi
;1 t 1 (J ;mcl 1 1 .うへkV .......................••..........•....•..... 180
Vll Pl'sI.JG八TlllNS ....................................................... 1自ら
VJ I J PERSONNI，:し 1¥:-ID C:O~Iト 11 TTEES ....................................••..... 209
1:¥ じけ-OPERATI¥'E RESE，¥RCHES .....•..•..•....•........................... 221
19)
JAER J-M 89-1 19
I ACCELERATOR OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
IAER1-:¥18Y-119
八(、じ ELEI~ ，\T()R OPERATION i¥ND DEVELOPMENT
-1、(2 )ー
J A E R I-M 89- 1 1 9
1.1 TANDEM ACCELERATOR OPERATION
Tandem Accelerator Group
Department of physics, JAERI
Accelerator operation During the year from April 1, 1988 to March 31, 1989, the tandem
accelerator has been operated for many kinds of research programs. As the accelerator ran without serious troubles in this period, almost all of the experimental programs were performed under the arranged schedule. The following are summary of the operation and the maintenance. The running time was 4852 hours.
1) Time distribution by terminal voltage >16 MV 3 days 1 .5 % 11-12 MV 5 days 2.4 %
15-16 85 41 .9 10-11 8 3.9 14-15 61 30.0 9-10 6 3.0 13-14 18 8.9 8- 9 1 0.5 12-13 6 3.0 < 8 20 4.9
2) Time distribution by projectile H 14 days 6.9 % D 8 3.9 Li 6 3.0 B 18 8.9 C 22 10.8 0 17 8.4 F 16 7.9 Si 1 1 5.4
S 32 days 15.7 % CI 5 2.5 Ca 1 0.5 Sc 2 1 .0 Ni 36 17.6 Ge 4 2.0 Br 1
4 5
2.0 2.5
Au 3- 1 .0
3) Time distribution by activity Operation for research 203 days
Atomic and solid state physics ( 49 days ) Radiation effects in materials ( 9 ) Nuclear chemistry ( 33 )
55.6 %
I A E R 1 -:-'1 8!:J -1 1 >1
1.1 TANDEM ACCELERATOR OPERATION
Tandem Accelerator Group
Department of phys ics， JAERI
Accelerator operation
Ourlng the year from Apri I 1， 1988 to March 31， 1989， the tandem
accelerator has been operated for many kinds of research programs. As the
acc巴!日 rator ra円 wlthout serious troubles in thls perlod， almost all of the
experlmental programs were performed under the arranged schedule. The
fol lowlng are summary of the operation and the maintenance. The running
tim巴 was4852 hours.
1) Tlme dlstrlbution by terminal voltage
>16 MV 3 days 1.5 %
15-1 6 85 41 .9
14-15 61 30.0
13-14 18 8目 9
12-13 6 3.0
11-12 MV 5 days 2.4 %
10-11 8 3.9
9-10 6 3.0
8- 9 0.5
< 8 20 4.9
2) Tlme dlstrlbutlon by project，le H
D
Li
ロUF
U
円u
E
S
Si
14 days 6.9 %
8 3.9
6
8
2
7
6
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3.0
8.9
10.8
8.4
7.9
5.4
3) Tim~ distribution by activity
Operation for r巴search
Atomic and sol id state physics
Radiation effects in materials
Nuclear chemistry
。。
『
1
a
c
t
e
r
secsNGB
32 days 15.7 %
5 2.5
0.5
2
6
4
4
5
門庄
司】
Au
203 days
49 days )
9
33
1.0
17.6
2.0
2.0
2目 5
1.0
55.6 %
J A K R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
Nuclear physics Fast neu t ron phys i cs Accelerator development
Voltage conditioning Operation training Scheduled maintenance Unexpected repair Holidays and vacation
( 75 ( 30 ( 7
10 0
82 28 42
2.7 % 0.0
22.5 7.7
11.5
Major troubles 1) January 6 - 9 , 1988 (tank open)
The trouble of The high voltage power supply for the terminal electrostatic quadrupole lens.
2) May 14 - 17,1988 (tank open) Damage of the vacuum valve's bellows at the bottom of the high energy tube by a failure. Consequently, three ion pumps power supplies in the major dead sections were damaged.
3) May 23 - June 1,1988 (tank open) About thirty of the terminal foil stripper holders with support clip dropped into the foil changer housing. One of then dropped further into the low energy tube and intercepted the beam pass. The cause of trouble, by our guess, was poor welding of the support clips to the stainless steel belt or over tension of the stainless belt.
4) August 31 - September 16,1988 (tank open) One foil stripper holder dropped into the low energy tube again and same trouble occurred as the item 3 ) . The movement of the foil changer was replaced with new ones.
maintenance M Two coils of the switching magnet exchanged for new ones on
January 1989 because of the layer insulator deterioration on the upper coil occurred on end of December 1987. We made a ten ton hoist for this work. We presumed that the cause of the trouble was bad fabrication of the coils in the factory.
- 4 -
J 八七 R1 -M 日目ー 11H
Nuclear phYSICS 75
Fast neutron physlcS 30
Accelerator development 7
Voltage condltlonlng 10 2.7 %
Operatlon tralnlng O 0.0
Scheduled malntenance 82 22.5
Unexpected repa 1 r 28 7.7
Holldays and vacatlon 42 11.5
M aJor troubles
1) J a nυary 6 -9， 1988 (tank open)
The trouble of The hlgh voltage power supply for the termlnal
el巴c:-r口statlc quadrupole lens.
2) May 14 -11， 1988 (tank open)
Damage of the vacuum valve's b巴1lows at the bottom of the hlgh
energy tube by a fallure. Consequently， three ion pumps power
supplles In the maJor dead sectlons were damaged.
3) May 23 -June 1，1988 (tank open)
About :hl rty of the termlnal f011 strlPper holders wl th support
cl IP dropped Into the fOI 1 changer houslng. One of then dropped
further Into the low energy tube and Intercepted the beam pass
ih巴 cause of troubl巴 by our guess， was poor weldlng of the
5υpport cl IPS to the stalnless steel belt or over tenslon of the
stalnless belt.
4) AU9ust 31 -September 16，1988 (tank open)
One f011 strlPper h口Ider dropped Into the low energy tube agaln
and same trouble occurred as the i tem 3).
The movement of the f011 changer was replaced with new ones.
m a 1 n t e n an c e
1) Two cOII$ of the switching magnet exchanged for new ones on
January 1989 because of the layer insulator deterioration on the upper
CO 11 occu r red on end ロfOecember 1987. We made a ten ton hOlst for this
work. We presumed that the cause of the trouble was bad fabrlcation 0' the
cOlls In the 'actory
-4-
J A E R I - M 89-119
Improvement and d e v e l o p m e n t 1) In order to ob s e r v e the aspect of the terminal s t r i p p e r foil under
irradiating by ion beams/ a black and w h i t e TV monito r system has been d e v e l o p e d . Fig.I shows the sc h e m a t i c d i a g r a m of the system. Some m o d i f i c a t i o n s were needed for the video camera to protect it against the gas p r e s s u r e s in the tank. A p l a s t i c s optical fiberCImm dia.) which c o m m u n i c a t e s light s i g n a l s from the terminal to outside of the tank is laid along the insulation columns with self s u p p o r t i n g . The monito r system g i v e s us many information not only the states of the str i p p e r foils but the beam spot size or position by lumin e s c e n c e on the foil. F i g . 2 is an e x a m p l e of m o n i t o r i n g p i c t u r e .
HV terminal—i /-SFe gas 4- 5kg/enf
foil changer-
sight windows (sapphire glass)
optical fiber (~25m long)
ideo camera
Fig.1 schematic diagram of the foil monitor
Fig. 2 An example of monitoring picture
JAERI-M 89・ 119
l mprロvementand development
1) In order to observe the aspect of the terminal stripper foi J under
irradiating bv ion b自ams，a black and whit自 TVmonitor svst白mhas been
developed. Fig.l shows the schematic diagram of the system. Some
modifications were needed for the video camera to protect it against the
gas pressures in the tank. A plastics optical fiber(lmm dia.) which
communicat自s light signals from the terminal to outside of the tank is
laid along the insulation columns with self supporting. The monitor system
gives us many information not onlv the states of the stripper foils but
the beam spot size or position bv luminescenc自 on the foil. Fig.2 is an
example of monitoring picture.
foil changer-
ideo camera
sight windows (sapphire glass)
optical fiber ( "'25皿 long)
Fig. 1 schematic diagram of the foil血onitor
Fig. 2 An exa皿pleof monitoring picture
rD
J A E R 1-M 89-1 1 y
1.2 ELECTRON LINAC OPERATION AtfD IMPROVEMENTS
Electron Linac Group
Departments of Physics
I . Operation The JAERI 120 MeV electron linear accelerator (linac) have been
smoothly operated with a repetition iate of less than 150 pps during the 1988 fiscal year. The total beam time was summed up to 278 hours for various experimental researches.
A summary of the linac operating conditions between April, 1988 and March, 1989 is shown in Table 1 for each experimental program. The linac machine times were used as follows; (l)the neutron cross section measurements, (2) the neutron radiography, (3)the monoenergetic positron emission and its applications to material researches, (4)the radio-isotope productions, and (5)the experiments for the free electron laser (FEL).
Table ! Machine Time and Output F^am for Research Programe in 1988
:•,''.';iv.ren Program Time Ratio Ih) IX)
Energy Rate Length Current (MeV! (pps) msec) Ave(uA)
Neutron Cross Section (Time of Flight Method) Neutron Radiography
Radioisotope Production
Positron Experiment '.Emission of monoenergetic Positron free Electron Laser
Tuning and Test Operation
72.3
08.5
48. 4
20.3
15.4
13.0
Total 278.0
26. 0 120 150 25 12
39. 1 120 150 1000 12
17.4 60 150 1000 9
7.3 100 25-50 1000 12
5. 5 100 50 1000 -2
4.7 100 -180 50-150 1000 -30
00.0
The several construction and repairing works have been carried out during this fiscal year,
(1) roof of the linac building (2 weeks), (2) radiation monitoring system (2 weeks), (3) ceiling of the linac building (5 weeks),
6 -
JAER I-M 8¥J-ll¥J
1.2 ELECTRON LfNAC OPERATION AUD /MPROVEMENTS
Electron Linac Group
Departments of Physics
1. (]pcration
The J:\ ~:Hl 120 MeV electron linear accelerator (linac) have been
smooLhly opcrated with a repelition .ate of less than 150 pps during the
1988 fiscal ycar. The total aeam time was summed up to 278 hours for
variuus expcrimental researches.
，¥ Sllmmary of the linac operating condi tions betwe巴nApril， 1988 and
月arr;h. 1:189 is shown in Taale 1了9reach expel‘imental program. The linac
machine times were used as follows; (l)the neutron cross section measure-
旧日日 ts. (2)the neutron radiography， (3)the monoenergetic positron emission
a日djts applications to material researches， (4)the radio-isotope pro
duclions， and (5)the experiments for the free electron laser (FEL).
fahle! Machine Time and Output Fpam fDr Research Programe Jn 1988
1'，ρz、ρi1rch 】「日日 I'am Ratio (%1
Energy (MeV)
Rat巴
(pps) Length ¥nsecl
Current Ave (μA)
¥outronごrossSection も iimり of Fli~ht ~I('thodl
72. 3 26， 0 120 150 25 12
九ρutrunRadiography 108，6 39，1 120 150 1000 12
H司riiοj早口lopcProductio円 48，4 17.4 60 15a lGaa g
内
H
U
n
u
U
5
5
~
phu
内ノ』
n
H
u
n
H
u
n
H
U
n
川
U
1
1
3
5
71
・2
司u
・44
0
5
2
1
hH
nu
Ft
t
--
qd
nu
nyh
p旬。-&1L e
ob Fι ρh
φLnuF4
n巴
E
P」
nυCM
m川
nH2u
l
o
y
L
Fιm川
。巳
nH
nド
r
i
n
u
y
d
n
υ
F
S
「
E
-
Lnupu
n
D
p
nu'A1J
FlaFDFドι
'
k
n
b
'A
司
A
ρ』
Cけ
m川山
ρL
n，rトlh
，a
) i
j
1000 12
1000 -2
Tuning anrl Test Qperation 13.0 4.7 100-180 50-150 1000 -30
Total 278，0 100.0
The several construction and repairing works have been carri巴dout
during this fiscal year，
(1) roof of the linac building (2 weeks)，
(2) radiation皿onitoringsystem (2 weeks).
(3) ceiling of the linac building (5 weeks)，
-6-
I A I- R i M -" i
2. '4ai n parame t e r s
To r e a l i z e the i ,n f r a r e d '', Q. ha at; Tper l*. i in, ' h f s y s t e m i s i-1 •". i gne.;
c o n s i s t i n g of an e l e c t r o n gun w i t h a gr i d p u i ' . ^ l ' h e r a o i o n i •" : a ^ b . i s \ a
.ub -harioon i c b u n c h e r . a h u n c h e r . a p r e i'" ce 1 ^r i f o r . an 'V magne ' ind t m i l
a c c e l e r a t o r . " The peak c u r r e n t i s g u e s s e d t o be .nor'"' t h a n 1 •)0TJ.A . i ' *.b.-
••xi t of t h e g'in. and 9. 14A a f t e r t h e b u n c h i n g p r o c e s s u s i n g *he m h -
h a r m o n i c b u n c h e r . t he b u n c h e r and the p r e - a c c e ! e r a t o r . At t he >*xit of fhe
gun, the e m i t t a n c e of t h e beam i s e s t i m a t e d l e s s t h a n 10 it mm • mr by u s i n g
the SLA.C e l e c t r o n t r a j e c t o r y p rogram, E-.gi jn" ' . At t he f i n a l s t a g e , >h"
e a i i t t a n c e i s g u e s s e d \z,rc T a b l e 2 Main p a r a m e t e r s
B e a m e n e r g y N ' o r r n a i i s e d o m i t t a n c e E.ne r g y s p r e a d MicropuiiD (at Gun) M a c r o p u l s e ^ e a l c c u r r Q n ^ B u n c h l e n g t h
2 5 M e V 1 0 TC mm • m r 8 0 k e V 4 n s CIO. 6 M H z ) l m s ( 1 0 H z ) 9 . 14A 1. 3 1 c m
mm-mr. The beam e n e r g y
amoun t s t o 25MeV a t t h e
end of t h e main a c
c e l e r a t o r . Main p a r a
m e t e r s of our s y s t e m a r e
l i s t e d in t a b l e 2 .
7he c a ! n i 1 a t ion of t h e g a i n
The o s c i l l a t i o n *<tve- l e n g t h (A ) can be e x p r e s s e d ^ ' a s .
A„ T U + * 3 )
ir where A is the undulator period, r is the beam energy and K is the dulator parameter. When a planar undulator is used,
K= 2V2x
The gain(g) depends strongly on K value and can be written as, )2
gcc K*
•l+K2)"2
K' 2{l+K3)
-J, K1
(2)
(3)
un-
'[2(1+^) J, where Jg and Ji are the Bessel function of order n. Eq. (3) leads to the maximum value of g at K=l. 1. The value of K can then fix the undulator period and the magnetic field strength(B) under the condition of y =49. 9 (E=25MeV), A=10.6/im. through eq. (1) and (2). The system is no* assumed to work under the homogeneous broadening regime. The constraints between the parameters can be expressed as,
as<lZ~4N (4)
- 7
.I'j ¥1 |入ト f'>:
2.可ょ;日 コ品r.1me‘守「ヨ
!.:..: ;耳目ρ:" ~1'τfρ 沼';， ρ コpρr1"'， ; 'J 日。:nfr.lrρd :: 0.乃JJ.:n I TV 「ρ11i z 円 ~.h 尽
J
・1
1
・+ 、.‘~lρ ハ十 r0n 耳11日 νi ~， hi 主r: 11 :J '1 :¥ρ1 ・hρ 「訂円 tt)つ1、rり口S1St， :日耳 .l
lnd 官 l. . n:1疋np守'( Ui t.~ C日{ρl'.Jr :L ? r円.1 ~1I 1 nr!1円r，
.l~
，l ρ
hJM
E
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主;t， e r ↑15 I日耳 ."ρ ~ 11 L t.h円 hu nl: h;口I!; "r.， r:戸元汚? J，H 札口d 耳 ~J n . th号"X 1 t.
つ thρ，¥ t， t h P. ρX 1 t 十hebuncher and the pr円ー主CUl!ρr.1 t.っ「h.H由。ni c ~J lJ nch 吟「
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今、
E -:~:j 日ム/
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‘ι ; il・a.~ t l.h円 ~ï n.1I 九t.J.耳い，山町 SLλぐ ρl円r.tr口nt，ra.jec t.ory pro耳rヰm，
丹田 it. t斗口仁号 is guesserl l=.;r
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1 ms cl OHz) 9. 14A 1. 31 cm
T，lh Iι・2
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"licropu]:;e(at '~acrooul:; 巴
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un-
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is t.he be主国 energy and K is the アJu nu
--，i
QL
nr
pE
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h
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K=一一τ一ー-:!.，I2;rmc2
The g斗in(g) depends strongly on K value and can be written as.
Kl r _ r K1 1 _ r K1 111
gα正前3芦l付日+Kl)J -Jl日夜了Jf
Jo and J1 a.re the Bessel function of order n.
maxi田U皿 va.lueof g at K=1. 1.
(2)
us ed. 1 S Whe立与 planarunduJa.tor
(3)
!eads to the Eq. (3)
fix
where
undulator the then The value of K can
ァ=49.9
The system is now assumed to
The constraints between
under the condition of
(E=2刊 eVl. λ=10. 6μm. through eq. (1) and (2).
work under the homogeneous broadening regime.
magnetic field strength(B) the and period
the
(4)
-7 -
parameters ca.n be expressed as.
λq 1 σpくーー-----~ -4L 4N
.1 A K R 1 - M 8 9-11 9
7£'«<-1 \^K2 K
(5) '" " V21/U IK L where c? g is the energy spread given by c5" E/E. L is the undulator length, X is the number jf the undulator periods, r e ., is the normalized emittance and h is a constant. At the end of the main accelerator the energy spread was estimated to be irSOkV. Eq.(4) requires that N must be less than 78. In our case we chose N as oO. From eq. (5) r £ ., must be less than bS^rmm-mr.
signal gain'1' is given by, i- 1
? 0 = 32v2a-A-A-- K2 h ,V3
f(x)F(K) (6)
where ip is the peak current and is estimated to be . 14A. la is the Alfven • urrent \ i704 = :A). X is the mean transverse area of the optical mode, f (x) and F(K) are given by next equations, respectively,
/(-)=" — (cosz—1+— zsinx) (')
r r F(K)~sJ0\-
K2
(l-i-K1) K2
2(1 +K2) (8)
The • i t i a i i 3 value of Z is provided as L A / v ^ ? . Taking account of the
f.ii *. 'ha t -hr maximum value of f(.x) is 0.067? for x = 2. 61 and F(K) is 0.715
f i r .'.' .'. !, we .brain '.he gain as 5?. : ^ frost eq. (6).
Real beam has many f a c t o r s to dec rease the gain , t h a t i s , the energy
spread i ji c ) . the em i 11 ance (ju ), the s l i p p a g e ( , u ) , e t c . Taking those f a c -j L
tors int., ici^unf, we define the real gain that can roughly be expressed, 1
(9) y=?Q"
^r .
Here ( ig . ju ,., u c are given by next e q u a t i o n s .
*K -re, H l~K2 X. '
(10)
(11)
(12)
w h T e a is the bunch length and estimated as 1. 31 cm (S* at 508MHz). Substituting each value into the eq. (10), (11) and (12),
u v - 0. 768, u v '- 0. 229, u, = 0.0485 The gain was calculated as 26?! from eq. (9). Furthermore, assuming that the optical cavity output coupling(e) is 5* and the mirror lossd?) is 2%, we obtained the final gain as 19X.
.1..¥ E R 1 -'1 H ¥J -I I H
(5) 1-+-K1λi
iE:旬くーー宇=--ーーーーー-ー'ザ2:hl 2K L
IJE is the 寸nt'rgyspreユdgiven by
てh円 :lumbE'r
N L is the undula.tor length. o E/E. 'IIher!'
ァ εi is the normalized emitt斗nce
the ma.in 斗cce 1ピra.tor the ぜnergy
，) fてheundulator periods. 1S
sprea.d At the end 01 ，10 rj h 己礼じっnst..ln t..
nu I less than 637r血m.mr.
(6)
1 ess than 78. requires tha.t ~ must b己
C .1 5 日 ~~e chüsぜ~ J.S 00. .1) ;!lい sm斗 11 signJ.l gain~1 is giv仔nb y.
戸弓子~ K1 1.. .VJ
90=32v:?;r-' ，¥・y 一一一一，ヤf(z)F(幻q(1+KZ)3/2句】
ip is t，he p円，lkc u r r e n t品nd is estimated to be 1). l-tA.
ァεy皿ust be From eq. (ち)
Eq. W 'IIa.s ~stimateJ to b号士 80kV.
リリ「
lJ. is the A][ven '，.h円「円
f (x) i s t.hぜ 国守 1[¥tra.日日verse J.rp品。fthe Qpticヰ1mode.
resp巳Ct. i ve 1 Y. 1:ρ..;:γ，'n :， y日E'xt円(-lUJ.tιons
f( ;::i=す(c白山+÷mz)
T-
i リ rr 丹日 t.'， i78.F.~).
)
--La
f!
?臼Afa
i
t--
(i)
Uv 、ぺ、cd a
，パUρu
.ju
、a
・wv
、.E''h'ptaEIl
，，、J
、lJlldr
-、fj
ロ&
2
一K5
K一+
i
-唱『目・
一刊ペヤ}
7h.
バ
、|』|llJρv
z-K
ーも
K一ふ
V
-7A
一/h
m
」
rIlli--1tkz
n
u
A
ト
HA
rwaa (8)
TJ.king account of the 'T' ~ I
O. 715 IS . ~l t-' Jlみxi:nllm YJ.I U'.' q[ f (x) is O. %7:; for x=~. O 1斗ndF (K)
l~ ち 5. 'l": Irom eq. (6).
?
i
phいa' ~ .1 ¥ t
。;，t ，¥ i:1 '，/Jぜ耳.1i :1 'N ~， • . 11 .
• .
I
‘
• d
o
rt va
the energy tha. t is.
Taking those f品c-
Rド ii b.'礼団 lt斗s:n.lll y 斗ιtors to decre品sethe g主in.
~; p rい.liil，uc). thl'ぜ田 i↑T川町 (μyi. ↑:he s I i ppa.ge (μz). e tC.
I ilt ，!じ 1'~llnt. 'l/C definピ there品1g品l口 thJ.tcan roughly be expressed. l
(9) 9=90 μF 司ぬ
:1 十τ-:， (1.;..μ~)( l+l.ïμ e)
μV'μ ピ，lrぜ giv坦nby next equa.tions.
μ，<;=4σ，<;N
• 'J r~)
• F"L
，
t
盲且
a
rl
t
{
!
(10)
4K --:~y"
μ，. l+KJ .¥ )
-EA
噌
2・‘(
Sub-
(12)
a.t 508~!H z). length a.nd e5timated as 1. 31c皿(8•
)
今ム・1A(
AU
nH
含仙)
唱
'aE-14
(
)
AHV
1
( n-
AC
ρu LU
企
YL
AV
令『」w
'
h
H
n
h
p
L
.
、a
nH
H
U
ρ
し
E
h
U
H
U
i
μ、
3HW
'huv
ゐ'iv
仏
U
5
c
・3・・内d
v一z
日
、九一
σ
z
;
J
j
4
J
4
F
Z
〈
i
=
I
C
-
-
μ
t
川
u+' .l
+L Qu
¥Vhρ「円
μE で n.768.μv O. 22つ.μz 0.048ち
The gJ.in l;'a.s c斗1cu lated 15 26:>: from eq. (9). assuming that the Furthermore.
we i s 2:>:. is 5:>; a.nd the mirror l05s(0')
-8-
。Pt i cょ1cユvityuutput coupling(ε)
ob t品inedth日 fina.1gain品s19:>:.
JAER 1-M 89-1 19
(5) O p e r a t i o n of R e p e t i t i o n Rate lpps
The 1 pps o p e r a t i o n i s r e q u i r e d for the i n j e c t i o n to the JSR. The
p u l s e r e p e t i t i o n r a t e of the JAERI l i n a c modula tor was des igned to be from
50 to 600 p p s . Thp l i n e - t y p e pu l se c i r c u i t s a re used to charge PFN ( p u l s e
forming network) with the 40 kV c h o k e - t r a n s f o r m e r . The decay c o n s t a n t ( ~
0.8 s ec ) from PFN i s de te rmined by a p roduc t between the r e s i s t a n c e (5 Mfl)
of b r e e d e r r e s i s t o r s of r e v e r s e c i r c u i t s and the c a p a c i t a n c e (0 .16 n?) of
PFN c o n d e n s e r s . T h e r e f o r e , the 1 pps o p e r a t i o n (1 sec) of the l i n a c can
not be made. The g r i d p u l s e r of the e l e c t r o n gun was modif ied to cope with
the problem with the 50 pps o p e r a t i o n of the main p u l s e modu la to r . The
t r i g g e r p u l s e is a l s o send to the JSR.
F i g . l New S t r u c t u r e Wave G u i d e
X : 1 u s / d i v Y : 0 . l V / d i v F i g . 3 HF D r i v e A m p l i f e r
O u t p u t W a v e f o r m
285fiUllz P
i o o w r
2 5 H L^-" | 10QH L
L / ' ISOw
180W
l ^ 1 801
- O O W o e a K
P
• 4 0 V + - 4 0 V
Fig.2 S Band RF Driver Circuit
- 9 -
1 A E R 1-~I 8自ー 11り
The
Operation of Repetition Rate lpps
The 1 pps oper旦tionis required for th巴 injecl.ion1.0 the JSR.
pulse repetition rate of the JAERI
(5 )
linac modulator was drsigned to be frrm
(pulse 1 ine-type pulse circuits are usrd to rharge PF~ Thr 50 to 600 pps.
Thc decay constant (~ wi th the 40 kV choke-transformer. forming network)
from PFN is determined by a product belwrrn lhe resistance (5 MO)
(0. 16 JlP)
0.8 sec)
F』nu of breed巴rresistors of reverse circuits and thr cap旦cit.日nr.e
01' t.he 1 i nac can the 1 pps operation Therefore， PFN condensers.
The grid pulser of the electron gun was modified to cope with not be made.
The lhe problem with the 50 pps operation of the main pulse modulator.
to the JSR.
-一一司一一、，--←ー
l
、、:
一一一一一一(ー ムー"、，、、
:、j
is also send
{ 戸ーいー~ ~
十一一一一一
trigger pulse
s;div Y:O.1V!div ?F Drユveλπlpli fe:r:
Cutput Waveform
X: 1μ Fig.3 ¥、 エー、
)
、，、『、、一ーー戸〆
~OOkDea lC 。わ
Guide
人\~ e 0 .... '
2~W\〈 「一一，./'/「/寸~~て
グ丸一 レ/180"， L-/戸、¥J/ J ト¥ :旦刊 l ¥-31
f 十三0><ゅー「 1
Wave Structure New Fig.l
-eowロ..1<C
285 r，~H1l
RF Driver Circuit
-9-
8and S Fig.2
,1 A E K I-M 89- I I H
and to prepare the JSR operation, the 300 kVA motor generator was installed (this is the same system as the linac in the E lectrotechnical Laboratory).
The test result shows that the input AC line is stabilized within 1 % and the beam quality has been remarkably improved.
(3) Design of a new t.rave I i ng wave type accelerator structure The field characteristics for the new accelerator structure has been
calculated with the computer code SUPERF1SH . The new structure is shown in Fit;. !. The target specification of the accelerator structure is as follows; energy tj a i n (no ioad) is 22.5 MV/m, shunt impedances 70 MQ/m, U value is mor" than 11,500. The new structure will be fab 1icated and installed as '.he alternate of the SI accelerator structure (2 m long) of the JAKKI linac. The actuai beam test is planned to carry out before the •Mid of this fiscal year. The test data of the new accelerator structure will be useful for the STA Sli Project (Science Technology Agency Synchro-t run Had i at. i on Prnjec t) .
( !) Hep i acemen t of the Hi' driver amplifier by the soiid state amplifier for the ma in k I ys I. runs .
We have been replacing all the hard tube circuits with the solid state components for the ".nainfenance free" stable operations. The remain ;ng parts ar" the main kiysi.rons, the main thyrafrons and the RF driver klystron. The RF driver klystron has been used to drive the six se:.s of m a m klystrons with i 0 kW pulse operation. The replacement of thi^ component with solid state circuit had been planned because the CW transistor with an output prwer of 125 W had been developed for the S-band (2856 Mil:-:). It is found that the kW power amplifiers can be technically available with multi-staged and phase-synthesized circuit.
In October, 1988, the circuit with the output power of 500 kW was ordered as shown in Fig. 2 and has been built in February, 1989. This circuit was installed and tested as the RF driver amplifier for thj #1 klystron (20 M W ) . The actual 50 pps beam operation gave the satisfactory result with the almost same property as the klystron amplifier, although the beam energy spread of 2 ~ 3 % occurred at the initial part of the pulse due to the phase modulation. The output RF pulse shape is shown in Fig. 3. This new JAERI's development is the first time application of the 500 W class S-band pulse amplifier in Japan.
-10-
I.'¥ERI-¥I eS¥J-IIH
and lo prcparc thc ，JSll operalion， Lhc 300 kV:¥ moto[' iicnerator was installed
Ithis is the same system as Lh日 linac in the Electrotcchnical Laboratory)，
The t('Sl rpslIll shows lhat thc input AC line is stabili7.ed within 1 % and
lhe beam qlla I i Ly h司shrrn remarkably improved，
(:l) IJ日Slg日 o j' a [1 P W t. r a ¥' (' I i日目 H礼vr typr accrleralor strllcture
Th (> i iυId cliarar.l.rrisLics I'or t.hr npw 司cCl'Il'ralor日t.ruじturr has b日en
(';1 1，汁11 a 1.L' d ¥i i 1. h t h e ，・ nmplILr.rcndp Sl1PERドISII， Thド日rw sLruct.urr is shown
!日正 i':' !， T h い Lar日υt 日pecif'icatio日日rt h r a c ('l' 1 ['[' a t. 0 r s tr II C t u r r i s a s
r 1)1 111 W:;; l'[J L' [・ gヶ月ain (111) iIJalI) is ::2.5 ~V/m ，日 hunL impedances 70 MO/m、
U -;:1 i 11(> i:; n!(l ['ρ t. iI a n 11， ~ 0 () ， T h (' n l' ri S t. r u c t. 11 r r w i 11 b e f a b 1 i c a t e d a n d
l n ~~ t礼 Iiいd:1 s t h (' a I 1ドrnat.l' nf t.he #1 accelrraLor 日t.rllctllr巴(:2 m long) 日f
t hl' ，J.¥ r: li 1 1 i n a，: fh p a (・ Lu;!i !Jeam tesL i s p 1 annrd Lo carry Ollt before the
p '1 d :J r t. h i s r 1 :， ('ι11-， l' ar ， Thド Lest data of the I1l'W accel巴rator strllcture
r." i l: !Jp ¥J Sρ['111 t'or t.hl' ST.¥ SIl i'ro，jPct (S('ielll'(> Tl'chnology :¥gr日cy Synchro
t ['リfI Hadial.iun ド「日，j('1'1) .
(1l1l ドpi :u:ρn!f>nt. 111' 1 ~lC !ii' dr ivド1・a冊p1 i f iドrh:; the slliid state amplifier for
1. h l' m;! i n k 1、日1.[・01lS.
HぃtJa¥ρ!Jい('11 f'ドplac:illg all lh仔 tl;if・d 1.11 hr 行 ircuitswith the solid ~;tate
compo日い111日l'() r t. h c ".n a 1 11 1ρn孔日(ドt'rド引 日1凡hlc opcraLions， The remain;ng
p a rt. s a ['" t. h l' m a i 11 k i :;~; i. [' 1 i 11日、:，hc mai n t.hYI・aLrons and lhe RF driver
k 1 v s t. ['リ n， ':'he HF ciri¥い[' kl・st.rnn has brcn IIscd 1.0 drive the six sr~s of
m a 1 [J k I :; ~; L r (J 11 ，; w i t. h 1 Il k yi P 11 1 s (' () P e r a t. i 0 n . T h e r c p I a c r. m e n t 0 f t h i二
compo円い111. wit.h solid sLat.e じ11'(目lIit. had been planncd because the CW Lransis-
l.or with all OIII.PlIl. pCWl'r' oí・ 12~ W had been developed for the S-hand (2856
河11:;)目 1L i s t'Ollnd t.ha L t.hc kYi power 辻mplifiers can be technically avail-
able wit.h mul ti-stagclI and phasc-synthesized circuit.
ln October， 1988， thc eirclIit with th巴 output power of 500 kW was
ordered as shown in ドig， 2 a日dhas hcen huilt in February， 1989， This
circlIiL was insLallcd and !.ested as the RF driver amplifier for thJ 持1
klysLr口n (20 MW)， The actllal bO pps beam operation gave the saLisfactory
result with thc almost same property as the klystron amplifier， although
the bcam energy spread of 2 -3 % occurred at the initial part of th巴
pulse due 1.0 the phase modulation. The output RF pulse shape is shown in
Fig， 3， This new JAERI's development is th巴 first. time appl ication of the
500 W r:lass S-band pulse ampiifier in Japan，
.-10-
J A K R i - M «i)- I I iJ
(1) boring of the 4 m shielding wall (1 week), (5) installation of JSR (JAKRI Storage Ring) (about 4.5 months), (B) shielding for JSR in the north target room (5 weeks), (7) installation of the 300 kV\ Motor Generator (5 weeks), (8) maintenances of the vacuum system and the IVR power supply {'.'. - 3
weeks) . For these construction and repairing works, the total machine time for
the experiments was reduced compared to the previous years.
2. Maintenance The unscheduled shut-down was only due to the replacement, work of the
heat exchanger assembly for the klyst.ron cooling system, which is caused by the trouble of pinhole.
Several parts of the linac components were replaced as the scheduled maintenance. Those replaced parts were as follows;
(1) all the beam transport tubes of stainless steel were replaced with those of aluminum.
(2) the beam monitor was, installed in the beam line TL, (:i) the driving motor in the IVR was replaced and its interlock circuit,
was newly prepared, (4) the linac pulse trigger system was installed, by which the 1 pps
operation becomes available, (5) the Tl, beam line was realigned.
3.1mprovements (1) The installation of JSR
The JSR was installed in the north target room in the linac building during the period from October 25, 1988 to March 10,1989. The manufacturing companies responsible for the installation were Mitsubishi Electric Co., Hitachi Ltd., Toshiba Co. and Sumitomo Heavy Industry, Ltd. The acceptance test for the whole systems including electromagnet, radiofrequency (RF) cavity, beam duct and computer have been satisfactorily performed.The beam injoe-ti on test has started in April, lad9.
(2) The installation of the 300 kVA Motor Generator (MG) The input AC line to the RF modulator power supplies for the JAERI
linac has not been stabilized so far. In order to improve this situation
- 1 1 -
.1 :¥ト RI← ¥1 K ~J ~ I I :J
( 1) ho r i n耳 of the 4 m shiclding ~司 11 (1 ~r rk ) ，
(ら) i n s t a 1 1 a ti 0 n 0 f .) S R ( .) ，¥ E f{ [ S l. u r a耳eRing) (abolll. .1.5 mont.hs)，
(6) :;hielding for JSH in thc nOrLh t.arget roum (:1 ¥>irr.ks)，
(i) installat.ion of thc 300 kV¥ 月ot.orGcnerat.or (:1 .りドks)，
(円) m a i n t. c n a n c r. S 0 l' t. h c va C 1I11 m s y s 1. e m a n d t h (~ I V ~ p n.ドrS 11 P P I y (:~匂 1
~e r. k s) .
ドりrLhcsc construcLion and rcpairing w日rks， Lhr t.nt.al machin(' time I'or
the expcrimcnLs .a日 redul:cdc口mpared to t.hp previolls yrars.
2. 河itlnt.cnancc
The lI nsr・ hl~duled Shll t.~r1 own was onl:; d(j(l 1.0 I.ht' replacpmドn1 w 0 r k ()，. 1. h ('
hea 1. ex change r a日s(' m b I y r () r t h e k I y s t. r 0 n c {] {] 1 i n i: S Y日t.em，¥>ihich is r:allSl'd by
thc t roリ!Jlp 日j' pinhol 日.
Several parLs 01' the I i日aceompone日1.5 wド「ド replacf'd as I hl'日chf'dul('d
田aintenancc. Thosc replaccd parts were 辻sr {] 1 1 11 W S ;
( 1) a i 1 t h c bc a田I.ransport 1.ubes 01' st.ainll'ss 日1.Cl'1¥>iere rrplaced ¥>iit.h
1.hosc of aJu田!日um
(2) the b肝a町田on i 1. 0 r w a:; i n s 1. a 1 1 (' d i n 1. h ぃbいam liTlP TI.，
(:i) 1. h l' d t' i v i n g m 0 t. (J r i I1 t. h (' 1 V H .. a 日r'~ド lacprj aflu i I.s in 1.ド rlock cin:uit.
~as n仔'riI1' prepared，
(1) I hυ linar: pulsc I.ri日日('r s y s 1. (' m ~ a日 insLallpd， oy which t.he 1 ドド5
tlprralion tJecomes avai laol ぃ，
(!i) l.h(' TL b(!am 1 i nr 'riilS rea I i耳目cd.
3. [mp rovements
(1) Thr instaJJation of .JSR
T h e .J S R • a s i n s L a 1 1 c d i n t. h (' n () r l h 1. a r g e t r 0 0 m i n l h (' I i n a c b u i 1 d i n g
during the period from October 25， 1988 to March 10，1989. The manufactur-
ing companies responsibJe for the installation were Hitsubishi Electric
Co.， Hitarhi Ltd.， Toshiba Co. and Sumitomo lIeavy lndustry， Ltd. The ac-
ceptance test for the whole systems including e1巴ctromagn巴t，radiofrequency
(RF) cavity， be品mduct and computcr have been satisfactoriJy performed.Thc
bcam injec-tion test has started in Apri:， 1ゴ69.
(2) The installation of the 300 kVA Hotor Generator (HG)
The input AC 1ine to the R~ modu1ator power supp1ies for the JAERl
Jinac has not be巴nstabilized so far. [n order to improve this situation
--A
.••.
A !•: K I - M 8 9 - 11 il
1 .3 PRESENT CONDITION OF ION SOURCE AND ION INJECTION SYSTEM
T a d a s h i YOSHIDA, E i s u k e MINEHARA, S h i n i c h i ABE
D e p a r t m e n t o f P h y s i c s , JAERI
J_. O p j v <) 11 o P o f t h o i o n s o u r c e s y s t e m
T h e i o n s o u r c e a n d i o n i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m f o r t h e JAFRI t a n d e m a c c e l e r a t o r
h a s b e e n o p e r a t e d s i n c e t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n t o g e n e r a t e new i o n beam s p e c i e s a n d
l a r g e r o u t p u t c u r r e n t . M i d d l e o f 1987, we i n t r o d u c e d a new t y p e i o n s o u r c e
c o - c a l l e d i r i v o r t o u s u u t t e r i o n s o u r c e t h a t c o u l d p r o d u c e d l a r g e c u r r e n t t h a n
b e f o r e .
T h i s i o n s o u r c e i : ; t h •.• n v e r t e d U ' i ' c s p u t t e r i o n s o u r c e ( SNICS- U as an
a b b r e v i a : c r ) - j . r u t ^ c t u r e d by NEC ( N a t i o n a l E l e c t r o s t a t i c C o r p o r a t i o n ,
Mi d d I e t o n - U .S.A. , '
I n J u n e }Q5i', t h e S \ ' l f S - U ion s o u r c e w a s i n s t a l l e d t o a n i o n source t e s t
a p p a r a t u s a •. 3 t n o t e s t o p e r a t i o n w a s c a r r i e d o u t f o r a b o u t 6 m o n t h s .
A f t e r t h e t e s t o p e r a t i o n , t h e i o n s o u r c e w a s i n s t a l l e d t o t h e i o n i n j e c t i o n
s y s t e m a n d t h e r o u t i n e o p e r a t i o n s t a r t e d f o r v a r i o u s e x p e r i m e n t s .
S i n c e 10VS- t he ST< >C; • I I i c n s o u r c e h a s b e e n o p e r a t e d f o r m o s t o f t h e
o p e r a t i o n o f t h e i o n i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m .
T h e ; . .n, ; i o n i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m i s s c h e d u l e d t o be c o m p l e t e d w i t h i n
s e v e r a l n o n t h s . T n c v a c u u m s y s t e m i s i n o p e r a t i o n a l r e a d y . A p a r t of t h e
c o n t r o l s y s t e m w a s c o m p l e t e d f o r t h e i r c h e c k i n g .
A f t e r t h e 2 n d i o n i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m is c o m p l e t e d , two i o n i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m s
w i l l be o p e r a t e d a l t e r n a t e l y f o r t h e s e r v i c e o f d e l i v e r i n g a v a r i e t y of i o n
b e a m s m o r e e f f i c i e n t l y .
2 . S t a t u s o f e a c h i o n s o u r c e s y s t e m
2 . 1 S p u t t e r i o n s o u r c e ( HICONEX 834 )
T h e HICONEX 834 t y p e i o n s o u r c e was m a n u f a c t u r e d by GIC ( G e n e r a l
l o n e x C o r p o r a t i o n , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , U . S . A . ) , a n d u s e d f o r t h e g e n e r a t i o n
o f t h e v a r i o u s i o n beams f o r t h e JAERI t a n d e m a c c e l e r a t o r .
In 1988, t h i s i o n s o u r c e was r e m o v e d f r o m t h e i o n i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m t o
i n v e s t i g a t e t h e s e r i o u s d e g r a d a t i o n o f t h e o u t p u t c u r r e n t .
A t p r e s e n t , t h e i o n s o u r c e was m o v e d t o t h e i o n s o u r c e t e s t a p p a r a t u s
- 1 2 -
.1九 EH 1-¥1 t!叶ー 11¥1
1. '3 PRESENT CCNDIT!ON OF ION SOURCE AND ION INJECTION SYSTEM
Tadilshl YOSHID八， Elsuke MINEHARA， Shlnlchl ABE
DCPilrt:ncnt of PhYSlcs， JAERI
上ー~l'-'ゴリ ~_0.J1~__th・:， 0 r工三笠主任SOs羊主主主旦
Thc lon sour"ce ιnd lon InJectlon systcm for th巴 J rRI tandem accelerator
卜，JSbec円 OPぃreited 己Incc thc I nstall atl on to 9巴ncratcnew lon beam specles and
lar日er 0υtpu: c:urrCr1t Idlddlc of 1987， wc rntroduced a new type ron source
so-cilll t:c汁、 ρrt t:リ S口utler lon sourcc that could produc巴d I ar ge cur r ent than
bcfore
rhls fon sourしer:; ~ ~~け 'lvcrted t ，'P0 sputtcr fon source ( SNICS-rr as an
ilobrcVlil: cr ) ~."， I，;"，:lurcd by N[C (Natlonill [Iectrostatlc Corporatlon，
1¥11 dd I巴to円， U S八 l
In Jυne 105/， theど勺ilS-l1 lon source was Install日dto an lon source test
a P P Ll r (J t U 'J 己~ 円¥.. tes~ Cflcratlon was cilrrled Out fcr about 6 months
Aftcr thc t，_， つ Oflcrz，:r0r1， the Icn source was Installed to the lon InJectlon
~Y$tcmι 円 d t h iJ r 0 u : I "U ，) P i.' r a t I 0 n s t a r t e d f 0 r v a r 1 0 U 5 e x p e (/ m e n t s.
S， nce lC:'.~' ，~， : ~le ~;;'..I じ II IC 円 sourcchiJS bccn opcrated for most of the
OP0.ratlcn of thc 10 円!竹~. l ~ι~ I 0 n sνstcm
ih" 円，; lon J f) Jc.:;t I cn二νstcmlssch円du I e d t 0 b e C om p I e t e d w It h J n
soVor a I門 onths. Tnc VilGuUm systcm 1$ In operatlon already. A part of the
control svstcm W:JS compl日t，"dfor thel r checi<1 ng
fter thc2円d10円!円 Jectlonsystem 15 completed， two ion inJectlon systerns
wlll be operiltcd alt巴rni.ltcly for thロs巴rviceof delivering a variety of ion
beams morc efflclcntly
2 St at us of each 1on sou rce system
Zム_1_豆P-.-l主主主L斗目 _$0u r ce ( HICONEX 834 )
The HICONEX 834 type ion source was manufactured by GIC (General
lonex Corporatlon， Ma55achusetts， U.S.A.)， and used for the generation
of the varlous lon beam5 for the JAERI tandem accelerator.
In 1988， th，s ion 50urce was removed from the ion injection system to
investigate the serious degradation of the output current
At present， the lon source was moved to the ion source test apparatus
nd
JAKR I - M 8 9 - 1 19
a n d now u n d e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n .
T h i s t y p e o f i o n s o u r c e h a d b e e n u s e d i n m a n y t a n d e m l a b o r a t o r i e s .
H o w e v e r , m a n y o f t h o s e i o n s o u r c e s h a d b e e n s h u t d o w n d u e t o t h e s i m i l a r
p r o b l e m s . A p a r t f r o m t h e d e g i a d a t i o n p r o b l e m , t h i s i o n s o u r c e c a n be
o p e r a t e d s t a b l y f o r a v e r y l o n g t i m e w i t h o u t m a i n t e n a n c e .
I f t h e p r o b l e m c a n be r e m o v e d t h r o u g h t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n , we w i l l i n s t a l l
i t t o t h e i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m a g a i n f o r t h e a c t u a l o p e r a t i o n .
2 . ? Due n I a s m a t r o n i o n s o u r c e ( DEPP t y p e m a n u f a c t u r e d by NEC )
I o n booms o f p r o t o n a n d d e u t e r o n a r e o f t e n d e m a n d e d f o r l a r g e
c u r r e n t o p e r a t i o n a n d t h e DEDP i o n s o u r c e i s t h e m o s t s u i t a b l e i o n
s o u r c e f o r t h e m .
I t i s t h e i n e v i t a b l e i o n s o u r c e t o p u l s e d beam o p e r a t i o n f o r t h e t a n d e m
a c c e l e r a t o r .
A t t h e b e g i n n i n g , b a r e t u n g s t e n f i l a m e n t i s u s e d f o r t h i s i o n s o u r c e ,
b u t t h e l i f e t i m e o f t h e f i l a m e n t i s s h o r t f o r t h e s t a b l e p u l s e d beam
operation. Therefore* t h e f i l a m e n t m a t e r i a l v/as e x c h a n g e d t o a n i c k e l
mesh c o a t e d by o x i d e c o m p o u n d s f r o m b a r e t u n g s t e n w i r e s e v e r a l y e a r s a g o .
As f o r t h e p r e s e n t , l o n g t i m e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e DEDP i o n s o u r c e i s a l s o
p o s s i b l e very s t a b l y
2__3 H e i n i c k e P e n n i n g i o n s o u r c e ( HPIG t y p e m a n u f a c t u r e d b y NEC )
The HPIG i o n s o u r c e i s u s e d f o r t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f h a l o g e n
f a m i l y i o n s . T h i s t y p e o f t h e i o n s o u r c e c o n s u m e s a l a r g e a m o u n t o f
g a s e s t o m a i n t a i n s t a b l e d i s c h a r g e . As t h e r e s u l t o f t h e d i s c h a r g e , i t
p r o d u c e s a m u c h a m o u n t o f f l u o r i n e , c h l o r i n e and o t h e r a c t i v e g a s e s w h i c h
g i v e s e r i o u s d a m a g e s t o t h e m e c h a n i c a l p a r t s of t h e v a c u u m s y s t e m .
We h a d t o s a v e t h e o p e r a t i o n f o r t h e s e i o n s p e c i e s as few as p o s s i b l e .
3. O p e r a t i o n o f e a c h i o n s o u r c e
T h e o p e r a t i o n of e a c h i o n s o u r c e i n e v e r y m a c h i n e t i m e p e r i o d , f r o m
O c t o b e r 1987 up t o now, is s u m m a r i z e d i n f i g u r e 1.
T h e S N I C S - I I i o n s o u r c e has become t h e m a j o r or m a i n i o n s o u r c e f o r t h e
JAERI t a n d e m a c c e l e r a t o r f r o m 1988. I t is c u r r e n t l y u s e d f o r t h e p r o d u c t i o n
o f
a l l i o n s p e c i e s e x c e p t p r o t o n and d e u t e r o n .
- 1 3 -
I A E R 1 -!¥] 89 -J J日
and now u 門 der 1 nvestl gatl on.
Thls type of lon source had been used In many tand巴m laboratorles
Howev巴r，many of those lon sources had been shut down due to the slmllar
probJems Apart from the degl adatlon problem， thl5 ion 50υrce can be
operat日dstably for a very long tlme Wlthout maintenance
1ft h c P r 0 b I em c 3 n b e r em 0 v e d t h r 0 u 9 h t h e 1 n v e 5 t i 9 a t 1 0 n， w c WI I I 1 n 5 t a 1/
Ittothcl円 Jecc1 on Syst em agal n for the act ua I oper at i on
2.? わUC 0 I el ~;m 日 t r 0門 10門 source( DEDP type manufactured bv NEC )
10 n b心JmS 0 f p r 0 t 0 n a n d d e u t e r 0 n a r e 0 f t e n d巴mandedfor large
currcnt 0，0口 ra t 1口nand the DEDP ion source 15 the most sUltable lon
sourcc for them
ItlsthCln巴vltJoielon source to pulsed beam operatlon for the tandem
acceJcri.l:or
t，t the begl nnl ng， bare tungsten fi lament is used for th，s lon 50UrCe，
but thc Ilfetlmc of the fllament IS short for the stable pulsed beam
oper a， I口門 T h e r e f 0 r e， t h e f 1 I am e n t m a t e r 1 a J w a 5 e X c h a n 9 e d t 0 a n i c k e 1
rrcsh C:)3t日dby OXI de compounds from bare tung5t巴nwlre 5eVArai year5 ago.
;¥s f 0 r ト己 pr巳5ent，long tlme operation of the DEDP lon sourc巴 1S a I 50
posslble very stobly
{cL一日立In日えι丘三巴立山♀ム旦n50旦r.c巴( HPIG type manufactured by NEC )
Tr..! HPIG lon 50urce 15 used for the productlon of halogen
famlly lon5. Th'5 type of the lon 50urce con5umes a large amount of
gJses to mJlntaln stable dlscharge As the re5ult of the discharge， it
produces a much amount of fluorlne， chlorlne and other actlve ga5eS whlch
glve serlOUS damages to the mechanlca! parts of the vaCUUm system.
We had to save the operatlon for these ion species as few as possible
3Operatlon of each lon source
The operation of each ion source in every machine time period， from
October 1987 UP to now， is summarized in figure 1.
The SNICS-II ion source has become the major or main ion source for the
JAERI tandem accelerator from 1988. It is currently used for the production
of
all ion specie5 except proton and deuteron.
向。
J A E R 1 - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
4 . Performance of S N I C S - H i o n s o u r c e
T h e t e s t o p e r a t i o n o f t h e SN I C S - I I i o n s o u r c e s t a r t e d a t J u n e 1987 a n d
c o n t i n u e d f o r 6 m o n t h S / p r o d u c i n g a b o u t 110 k i n d s o f i o n s .
T h e t e s t r e s u l t s a r e s h o w n i n f i g u r e 2 .
P o i s o n o u s s a m p l e s w e r e e x c l u d e d i n t h e t e s t o p e r a t i o n o f t h e i o n s o u r c e .
T h e s u m m a r y o f t h e t e s t r e s u l t s s h o w s t h a t h a l f o f t h e s a m p l e s a r e u s a b l e
a n d h a v e s u f f i c i e n t c u r r e n t i n t e n s i t y f o r v a r i o u s e x p e r i m e n t s .
5. P r e s e n t c o n d i t i o n o f t h e 2 n d i o n i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m
C o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e 2 n d i o n i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m i s n e a r t o t h e e n d .
T h e v a c u u m s y s t e m i s now u n d e r o p e r a t i o n .
As s o o n as t h e e x t e n s i o n o f t h e c o n t r o l s y s t e m t o t h e 2 n d i n j e c t i o n s y s t e m
i s c o m m i s s i o n e d / t h e f i r s t i o n beam f r o m t h e s y s t e m w i l l be s c h e d u l e d
t o t e s t t h e w h o l e a c c e l e r a t i o n s y s t e m .
A l s o / t h e e x p a n s i o n a n d o t h e r w o r k s o f c o n t r o l s y s t e m / a m i n o r a d j u s t m e n t
o f t h e i n j e c t i o n beam l i n t ; t h a t r e q u i r e s beam o p t i c a l a l i g n m e n t a r e s t i l l
r e m a i n e d . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k i s m a i n l y p e r f o r m e d d u r i n g a n i n t e r v a l
b e t w e e n m a c h i n e t i m e p e r i o d s .
I t i s s c h e d u l e d t o c a r r y o u t a m i n o r a d j u s t m e n t o f t h e i n j e c t i o n beam l i n e
i n a m a c h i n e t i n e p e r i o d o f J u n e .
R e f e r e n c e s
1) E . M i n c h a r a e t a l . : JAERI t a n d e m / l i n a c & V . d . G . a n n u a l r e p o r t 1986.
2 ) E . M i n e h a r a e t a l . : 6 t h s y m p o s i u m o n a c c e l e r a t o r s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y /
T o k y o , O c t o b e r 2 7 - 2 9 / 1987.
3 ) E . M i n e h a r a e t a l . : JAERI t a n d e m / 1 1 n a c & V . d . G . a n n u a l r e p o r t 1987.
.
- 63
to e> -
SIN s - CS
• uu Q 18
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- An 10 n 2 2 / o c t - 1 3 / f e b "88
-
00 o _ 50 ^ CO
* CO tn Q - ,„ 3 2
- £ a- « Q ^ 1-. -£ £ a- « Q ^ 1-
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F i g . l O p e r a t i
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to o
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~ - 81
- £ - z - « 00 oo
• 7 , 2
nil ~ 7 , 2
nil ..,, 6/ feb-21/may '89 29 /aug-14 /dec "88
o n o f e a c h i o n s o u r c e
- 1 4 -
JA巳R1 -¥ I 8¥) -I I ~I
lon source Performance of SNICS-n 4
lon sourc巴 startedat June 1987 and The test operation of the SNICS-II
sontlnued for 6 months， produc/ng about 110 k/nds of lons
The test results are 5hown In f，gure 2
P 0 1 50 n 0 u 5 s am P 1 e s w巴reexcluded In the test operatlon of the lon source
Th巴 summary of the tcst results shows that half of the samples are usable
and have suffl CI c ηt current Intensity for various experlments.
Constructlon of the 2nd lon Inject/on systcm IS near to the end.
The vacuum systcm IS now under oper<Jt/on
As soon <JS thc cxtcnslon of Lhe control systcm to the 2nd injection system
15 comm/ss/oncd， the f/rst ron b οam from the systcm WIII be scheduled
to tcst ~ne whol巴 acc日|巴 r<Jtlon5ystcm
Also， thc expanslon and 0th巴rworks of control system， a mlnor adjustment
of the InJCct/on b巴am 1 i n回 th a t r巴qUlresbeam optlcal allgnment are still
The constructlon work 1$ m<Jlnlνpcrformcd during an Interval 「巴matned
betwccn machlnc tlme pcrlods
It IS schedul巴dt 0 C a r r y 0 u t a m 1 n 0 r a d J U s t m c n t 0 f t h e 1 n j c c t i 0 n b e am I i n e
1 n <J machl nc tlrつ弓 pcrlod or Junc
RefのrC円ccs
1) E.M/nc:hi:Jr<J et al.: JAERI tandem，llnac & V.d.G. annual report 1986.
2) E.MlnehiJra et al.: 6th symposlum on accelerator sClencc and technology，
Tokyo， October 27-29， 1987
J ERI tandem，l，nac & V.d.G. annual report 1987. 3) E.M/nehara ct al.
81
ωO一Zω
竺 ωQ:ト
7J1.
81.5
ωυ一Zω。
一弘エロ
ωω三日
50 。一仏工旧
6/feb-21/may ・8929/au g-14/ dec・88
Operation of each ion source
-14-
5/apr-22/jul '88
旬
EA
• 0円
・1A
F‘
22/oct-13/feb ・88
JAK
R l-M
89- 1 19
-15
-c.n
¥:1 I B O
He 1 L-~-\~-\ ¥ ¥ ' 』-ーー.1-....
-ー.~.......・. 2
Kr
」〉『山刀
• • • • • • 1
• • • • • ・ 一t
Y{
αz <i;;
I Xe -"、町5
6
Ce D y I H 0 I E r I Tm Lu
::jiJlirJiijjjiU11111111JJ1111三;1111111J1;iii;jljjijjJ11Fig.2 Performanco of SNICS-rr ion source
J A K R I - M K 9 - 1 M I
1.4 SUPERCONDUCTING BOOSTER
Booster Project Croup
Department of Physics
1. Accelerating structure The superconducting booster will be composed of a double-drift
buncher, ten 1inac units and a de-buncher. The buncher will consist of a 260 MHz unit and a 130 MHz unit. The
130 MHz unit has been made already. And its superconducting QWR resonators have shown a high performance of S - 6 MV/m at an rf loss of 4 watts. The resonator performance was confirmed with a beam test using 164 MeVfv/c=0.I) Cl beams; the resonator field levels obtained in the previous off-line tests were only 0 - 2 % less than those measured in the beam test. The buncher was sent to a manufacturer at the beginning of 1Q89 to modify the tubing for resonators pre-cooling and radiation shield cooling in order to make use of cold helium gas instead of liquid nitrogen as a coolant. The modification continues to the next fiscal vear.
Each linac unit comprises four 130 MHz QWRs in a cryostat. Four of the ten linac units were funded and the design and fabrication works began at an industry(Mitsubishi Electric Corp. in Kobe). The design of the QWRs is entirely the same as that of the 130 MHz buncher resonators. With respect to the cryostats, we have been giving rc-considerations to the design of a liquid helium dewar for four resonators, connection to a liquid helium transfer line and magnetic shields. The fabrication proceeds in meeting requirements of the safety regulations for refrigerators and will be completed by March of 1991. Two sets of rf control stations were ordered for the four units(16 resonators) from Applied Superconductivity Inc. in U.S.A. The rest six units are going to be funded in the fiscal years of 1989 to 1991.
The de-buncher which is officially called as the prototype acceleration unit was completed and its two 130 MHz QWRs were tested in off line. Their performances were as good as those obtained with the buncher resonators. The maximum accelerating field levels were about 7
-16-
J ，¥卜:l{l-:'d K¥l-II!1
1，4 SUPERCONDUCTING BOOSTER
Booster Project Group
Department of Physics
1. '¥ccc]巴rating structure
The superconducting booster will hc compo只L'd of 日 dcuble-drift
h¥lnc、hL'r，ten lin司cunit戸 anda de-buncher.
lhe hunchcr wi11 consist of a 2品oMHz unit and a 130 MHz unit. The
130 MHz unit has been mnde already. And its superconducting QWR
rC';l'natur日 11;I¥'e shown a h igh performance oC 円一ちトlV/mat an rf loss of
:. ¥，.:a t t日 The てと 5什 natorperformance was confirmed with a beam test using
10+ lo4、!p¥'('.'/c=O.l) Cl'~' beams; the r巴sonatorficld lev巴Is obtained in the
previolJs uff-line tests were only 0 - 2 ~~ lcss thi1n those measured ir，
lIlc bC3m tcst. The buncher was sent to d manuf刀f'tllrer 品t thc bcginning
of 1 Cl89 to modify the tubing for rcsonators pre-cool ing 呂nd radiation
只hi l';、i 仁，wling in ordcr [，' 111ake u百c of cold helium g日s instead of
1 iquid n1 trngen 刀日乃 co()lユnr. Thc modi fication continues to the next
fi:-;cュ ¥'ei1r.
F¥，1ch 1 in九cunit compriscs four 130 HHz QWRs in a cryostat. Four of
thL'叶 1i[1<1': units wcr己 funded ar:d the design and fabrication works
he見守111 ，lt an industrv(トlitsubishi Electric Corp. in Kobe). The design of
tl1l' l)HRs is entirelv thc 日ameas that of thc 130 Mllz hllncher resonators.
With rcspL'ct [0 the cryostats， we hav巴 be巴n giving rc-considerations to
thc dcsignοf 日 liquidhelium dewar for four resonators， connection to a
liquid l1el ium transfer line and 口lagn巴tic shields. The fabrication
proc己eds in mc巴ting requirements of the safety regulations for
refrigerators and will be completed by March of 1991. Two sets of rf
control stations were ordered for the four units (16 r巴sonators) from
Applied Superconductivity 1nc. in U.S.A. The r巴st six units are going
to b巴 funded in the fiscal years of 1989 to 1991.
The de-buncher which is official1y called as the prototype
acceleration unit was completed and its two 130 MHz QWRs were tested in
off line. Their performances were as good as those obtained with the
buncher resonators. The maximum accelerating field levels were about 7
-16 -
JAER1-M 89-119
MV/m and the levels at an rf loss of A watts were about 5.5 MV/m. These results are shown in fig. 1 together with those for the buncher resonators. A set of rf control station was delivered from A.S.I. We examined it with a de-buncher resonator cooled at A.2K. It worked well but it was a little bit difficult to set the resonator field level as we wanted with the control station. A few modifications are necessary to have a perfect match with our resonators.
10 10
Q
10
i • i i 1 I — 1 I " :
• - RESONATOR NO. 1 -o - » NO. 2 -A - •• NO. 3 ~
o . + - •• NO. A
9 + • 2 <s • • „
* + +° # 0 o* 6*A A . +
3 0 0 "° •„ 2 A i A A A A
AA +
* A A
o ' o •
*A * ° 0 0 . U^\ AA + ...a
1 1
1 1
1 1
. . . A " ' " • + 0
A + o ~
S A A
10' _L J_ 3 4 5
E a (MV/m)
Fig. 1 Resonator performances at A. 2 K. The resonators No.l and 2 belong to the buncher and the No.3 and A the de--buncher.
2. Cryogenic system We have decided to operate the resonators and the refrigeration
system under the safety regulations for refrigerators. In the regulations, refrigerators are classified by their refrigeration power or by the power of compressors as of the first, the second and the third
-17-
]AERI-M 89-JJ9 ~
MV/m and the 1eve1s at an rf 10ss of 4 watts were about 5.5 MV/m. These
resu1ts are shown in fig. together with those for the buncher
resonators. A set of rf contro1 station was de1ivered from A.S.I. We
examined it with a de-buncher resonator coo1巴dat 4.2K. It worked we11
but it was a 1ittle bit difficu1t to set the resonator fie1d 1eve1 as we
wanted with the contro1 station. A few modificatjons are nec巴ssary to
have a perfect match with our resonators.
1010
• -RESONATOR NO. 1 o -μNO.2 b. - N O. 3 + - NO.4
109
f f・・。+
A A AA A
“ A A
.，、-- 0・ 0 D ヴ
+ +
ゐAA AA
も.-u o. ^ V門.
+ ""'0_ 0_
At.. + vo門.ム、f'jAt..+ ..0.....
目・ d:目
.
+ 0 A
+σ
+. 0 AA
A 4炉
Q
i 08
107
O
4ト
+
2 3 4 に，v 6 7 8
Ea (MV/m)
Fig. 1 Resona tor performances at 4.2 K. The resonators No. 1 and 2
be10ng to the buncher and the No. 3 and 4 the de.-buncher.
2. Cryogenic system
W巴 have decided to operate the resonators and the refrigeration
system under the safety regu1ations for refrigerators. In the
regu1ations， refrigerators are c1assified by their refrigeration power
or by the power of compressors as of the first， the second and the third
司
t-
.1 AKR I- M 89- I 19
group. A liquid helium refrigerator which can provide refrigeration power of more than 350 watts at 4. 5K belongs to the first group. To operate such a refrigerator, at least two of us need to have licences of the highest grade and three years operating experience with a big refrigerator. There is unfortunately no refrigerator which is big enough for the three years experience in JAERI. As a result of considerations on such restriction and operational advantages and disadvantages, we decided to have two identical refrigerators which belong to the second group.
The specifications of the liquid helium and cold helium gas transfer lines and the dual refrigerator system are being studied by our cryogenic group with cooperation from several manufacturers. The fabrication of the cryogenic system is planned in 1990 and 1991.
3. Booster layout The layout plan of the booster components, the target room and the
utility rooms is, at present, essentially not different from that of the previous annual report. Its refinement and the design work of the building will be made in 1989. The building construction is scheduled in 1990 and 1991.
-18-
.1 AE R [-~[ Hリー 11日
group. A liquid helium refrigerator which can provide refrigeration
power of mor巴 than 350 watts at 4.5K belongs tu the first group. To
operate such a refrigerator， at least two of us need to have licences of
the highest grade and three years operating experience with a big
refrigerator. There is unfortunately no refrigerator which is big enough
for the three years experience in JAERI. As a result of considerations
on such restriction and opera tional advan tages and d isadvantages， we
decided to have two identical refrigerators which belong to the second
group.
The specifications of the liquid h巴lium and cold helium gas
transfer lines and the dual refrigerator system are being studied by our
cryogenic group with cooperation fτom several manuf昌ctureτs. The
fabrication 口fthe cryogenic system is planned in 1990 and 1991.
3. Booster lavout
Thヒ layout plan of the boost巴r components， the target room and the
utilitv rooms is， at present， essentially not different from that of the
previous annual report. lts refin巴ment and the design work of the
building will be m昌de in 1989. The builcling const τuction is schedul巴d
in 1990 and 1991.
ー
。。ー
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
1.5 PRODUCTION OF INTENSE MONOCHROMATIC POSITRON BEAM AND ITS APPLICATION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE
Yasuo ITO*. Saburo TAKAMURA, Osainu SUEOKA*2
and Sohei OKADA*3
Department of Physics, JAERI, *RCNST. Univ. of Tokyo, ^College of Arts and Sciences, Iniv. of Tokyo, *3Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Establishment, JAERI
Extraction of intense monochromatic positron beam (or slow positrons) has been carried out using the electron Linac of Tokai Establishment, JAERI. The intensity of the slow positron beam was 3xl0 8 sec - 1, which is one of the most intense of the world. Since the slow positrons are obtained as a pulsed beam, it is stretched in time into a quasi-DC beam using a linear storage tube. Further improvements of the positron beam, which are necessary before it is used for the study of materials, are under way.
1. Introduction Production of intense slow positron beam is a matter of recent great
concern, since it has potential usefulness for a variety of new studies of materials science. The principle of producing the slow positron beam is to moderate fast positrons at the surface of suitable moderator materials and then, by virtue of the negative positron work function, to expel them to vacuum. Since the efficiency of conversion from fast to slow positrons is of the order of 10"'*, positron intensity larger than about 10° sec"! cannot be reached when 0 +-decay radioisotopes are used as the positron source. In order to get an even more intense beam, the use of an electron Linac is promising: by irradiating high-energy electron beam on a high-Z target (Ta in the present case), intense fast positrons are produced by the cascade of Bremsstrahiung and pair-production. The fast positrons are then converted to slow positrons by thin W moderator. This method was proven successful in a previous work using the 30 MeV electron Linac of University of Tokyo 1', and the present work follows it with the aim of obtaining a positron beam for practical use.
When an electron Linac is used, the slow positrons are obtained as a pulsed beam. The positron density in a pulse is too large and causes pulse
-19-
J A E R 1 -¥1 89-I I 9
1. 5 PRODUCTION OF INTENSE II'IONOCHROMATIC POSITRON BEA:vI
AND ITS APPLICATION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE
Yasuo lTO普. Saburo TAKAMURA. Osamu SじEOKA勢2
and Sohei OKADA*3
Department of Physlcs， JAERl. 勢 RCSST. Univ. of Tokyo，
勢 2College of Arts and Sciences， lniv. of Tol，yo. *3Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Establishment. JAERl
Extraction of lntense monochromatic positron beam (or slow positrons)
has been carried out using the electron Linac of Tokai Establishment.
JAER1. The i ntellsi ty of the slow posl tron bealll was 3Xl08 sec-1， which 15
one of the lllost intense of the world. Sil1ce the slow p05itrol1s are ob-
talncd as a pulsed beam. it is stretched in time il1to a quasl-Dじ bealD
using a linear storage tube. Further improvelllents of the positron bealll.
which are necessary before 1t 1s u~ed for the study of materials. are un-
der wav.
1. lntroduc tion
Production of Intrnse s]ow positron beam is a lllatter of recent great
conじりrn，since It has potential usefulness for a varielY of new studies of
materials science. The principle of producing the slow positron beam is
to llloderatc fast positrons at the surface of sultable moderator materials
and then， by virtue of the neg<1tlve pc月itron work functl on， to expel them
to v呂CUUlll. Since the efficiency of converslon from fast to slow positrons
is of the order of 10-4 • positron intensity larger than about 106 sec-1
cannot be reached when β+ -decay radioisotopes are used as the positron
source. ln order to get an even more intense beam. the use of an electron
Linac is promising-: by irradiating high-energy f'lectron beam Gn a high-Z
target (Ta 1n lhe present case)， intense fast positrons are produced by
the cascade of sremsstrahJung and pair-production. The fast positrons are
then converted to slow positrons by thin W moderator. This method was
proven successful ln a prevlous work using the 30阿eVelectron Linac of
University of TokY01). and the present work follows it with the aim of ob-
taining a positron beam for practical use.
When an electron Linac is used， the slow positrons are obtained as a
pulsed beam. The positron density in a pulse is too large and causes pulse
-19 -
JAER1-M 89-119
pile-up problems in many measurements such as lifetime, energy or angular correlation. We have tried to produce intense positron beams and to shape them into a quasi-DC beam by using a pulse stretching technique. This beam will further be collimated by using the brightness enhancement technique2^ and will be used for RHEPD (Reflecting High Energy Positron Diffraction) and PAD (Positron Annihilation induced Desorption).
2.Production of slow Positrons The beam characteristics of the electron Linac are typically 120 MeV,
1 #s width, 600 pps, and 150 ^A average current. The expected slow positron yield is c.a. 10 9 sec"1, but for the preliminary runs the beam was reduced to 1/10 of the full power in order to compromise with the health physics problem caused by the activation at the target. Fig.l
shows the horizontal view of the slow positron beam line. e + counting room
linear storage
Fig.1 Horizontal View of the Slow Positron Beam Line
The electron beam comes from the right side of the figure and hits the water-cooled Ta target.
(//////////y/, The fast positrons produced enter the vacuum chamber and get into the W moderator (25 //m thick x 2 mm width W ribbons stacked in the shape of a vane). The slow positrons are extracted
and transported through a long solenoid tube (90° bent twice) to the positron counting room which is shielded by a concrete waJ1 (2 m thick). At the end of the solenoid tube are a linear storage tube and a positron counting chamber.
The slow positrons were first measured using a Ceratron, a kind of channel electron multiplier. Since this detector becomes easily saturated at high counting rates we are mostly observing a deformed pulse shape, but it is still the best way to get rough view of the pulse shape. Fig.2 is the oscillogram of the output of the detector. It consists of two components: the burst and the slow positrons. Since a retarding potential against electron (-500 V) is applied at the head of the detector, the burse is due to secondary electrons with energies larger than 500 eV and fast positrons. The burst can apparently be avoided by applying a high-voltage pulse to the deflector plate synchronous to the passage of the
-20
JAERI-~[ 89-119
pile-up problellls in Illany measurements such as lifetime， energy or angular
correlation. We havc tried to produce intense positron beams and to shape
them into a quasi-DC beam by using a pulse stretching technique. This
beam wi11 further be co11imated by using the brightness enhancement
technique2) and wi11 be used for RHEPD (Reflecting High Energy Positron
Diffraction) and PAD (Positron Annihilation induced Desorption).
2.Production of slow Positrons
The beam characteristics of th巴 electronLinac are typically 120 MeV，
]μs width， 600 pps， and 150μA average current. The expected slow
positron Yield is c.a. 109 sec-1， but for the preliminary runs the beam
was rcduced to 1/10 of th巴 fullpower in order to compromise with the
health physics problem caused by the activation at the target. Fig.l
e+ counLing room ユinearstor中ge
shows the horizontal view of the
slow posi tron beam line. The
electron beam comes from the
right side of the figure and
hits the water-cooled Ta target.
The fast posi trons produced en-
Target ter the vacuum chamber and get
bー=←一一一てトー into the W moderator (25 μm
Fi~.l Hori3ontal View of the Slow Positron Bea~ Line
thick x 2 mm width W ribbons
stacked in the shape of a vane).
The slow positrons are extracted
and lranspor1.ed through a long solenoid tube (900 bent twice) to the
positron counting room which is shielded by a concrete waJl (2 III thick).
At the end of the solenoid tube are a linear storage tube and a positron
counting cha皿bcr.
The slow positrons were first measured using a Ceratron， a kind of
channel electron mu1tip1ier. S1nce this detector becomes easily saturated
at high counting rates we are mostly observing a deformed pulse shape， but
1t 1s st111 the best way to get rough view of the pulse shape. Fig.2 is
the oscillogram of the output of the detector. It consists of two
cOlllponents: the burst and the slow positrons. Since a retarding potential
against electron (-500 V) is applied at the head of the detector， the
bursc 1s due to secondary electrons with energies larger than 500 eV and
fast positrons. The burst can apparently be avoided by applying a high-
voltage pulse to the deflector plate synchronous to the passage of the
-20
JAERI-M 89-119
Fig.2 Oscillogram of the Ceratron output signal (upper trace). The double peaks in (A) correspond to burst and slow e . 3y properly adjusting the beamline, it is possible to direct only the slow e + to Ceratron (5) .
burst component (Fig.2B), or by adjusting the magnetic fields. But this does not mean that the burst is eliminated. For the complete elimination it is necessary to resort to a more sophisticated way. One possible way is to use the energy analyzing characteristics of a ExB drift field at the head of the slow electron extraction, and this is being prepared at the time of writing of this report.
The slow positron intensity was measured using a Faraday cup after properly adjusting the beam line and preventing the electrons from entering the Faraday cup. The measured positron current was 5 pA (3xl0? eVsec). This is the intensity obtained at 10% full power operation and is close to the expected level. Since there is enough room for optimizing various parameters (focusing of the electron beam, thickness of the Ta target, conditions of the W moderator, etc.), extraction of even more intense positron beam is quite probable.
3. Storage and Stretching The principle of storage and stretching of the positron pulses is il
lustrated in Fig.3: prior to the arrival of the slow positron pulse, the electrode G2 is biased positive while G^ is grounded. The positrons entering this tube is reflected back at G 2, and just before the front of the positron pulse come back to G^, it is switched to positive, too. The length of the linear storage tube (1.2 m) is approximately equal to half the length of the 1 us positron pulse and thus the whole positrons are confined in the tube. This is the principle of the linear storage. A quasi-DC beam is obtained when the stored positrons are released by lowering the potential of G2 gradually.
The operation of the storage and the stretching is demonstrated in Fig.4. in each oscillogram the upper trace is the Ceratron output and the lower one is the potential G 2. It is seen that the bunch of slow
-21-
(A)
(B)
「
Fig.2 Oscillog~&~ of the Ceratron output signal (upper trace). The double peaks in (A) cor~esoond
to burst and slow e . 5y proper、ユyaejusting the beamline， it is possible to direct only the slow e+ 7.C i=~ r' é ヒ ron (::).
]AERI-M 89-119
burst component (Fig.2B). or by adjusting
the magnetic fields. But this does not mean
that the burst is eliminated. For the com-
plete elimination i t is necessary to resort
to a more sophisticated way. One possible
way is to use the energy analyzing charac-
teristics of a ExB drift field at the head
of the slow eJectron extraction. and this is
being prepared at the time of wri t ing of
this report.
The slow positron intensity was measured
using a Faraday cup after properly adjusting
the beam line and preventing the 巴lectrons
from entering the Faraday cup. The measured
positron current was 5 pA (3xl07 e+/sec).
This is the intensity obtained at 10主 fulI
power operat10n and is close to the expected
level. Since there is enough room for op-
timizing various paramcters (focusingりrthe
electron beam， thickness of the Ta target，
conditions of the W moderator. etc.)， ex-
traction of even more intense positron beam
Is qulte probable.
3. Storae:いはndStretching
Thc' principlぃ of storage and stretching of the positron pulses is i1-
lustrated in Fig.3: prior to the arrlval of the slow positron pulse. the
electrodc G2 is biased positive while G1 ls grounded. The positrons en-
tering this tube 1s reflected back at G2' and just before the front of the
positron pulsc cumc back to G1・it 1s switched to positive. too. The
length of the linear storage tube (1.2 m) ls approximately equa1 to half
the length of the 1μs pos it ron pulse and thus the wholc pos 1 t rons are
confined in the tube. This is the principle of the linear storage. A
quasi-OC brsm is obtained when the stored positrons are rcleased by lower-
ing the potential of G2 gradually.
The operation of the storage and the stretching is demonstrated in
Fig.4. In cach oscillogram thぞ uppertrace is the Ceratron output and the
lowcr onc ls the potcnti a1 G2・ It Is seen that the bunch of slow
l
qG
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
C^R?
Fig.3 Principle of the linear storage and pulse stretching
positrons is stored and, when the potential Go is switched to ground, is released spontaneously. When Go is lowered gradually as in Fig.4B. the positrons come out stretched in time. The feasibility of the linear
^ e' release storage and the stretching has thus been demonstrated, but it is necessary to lengthen the storage time from the previously achieved level (c.a. 300 //s) to about 1 ins.
(B)
^DSB !9^^^9^H3rTu_^^^3^^Q^^B^^B^^^S
UM w , ¥ i is*" Fig.4 Example of pulse stretching operation
The upper trace in each oscillogram is the Ceratron output signal of e + released when the potential G~, Uower trace) is ~eing lowered.
4.kadiat.ion Damage of the W Moderator We could observe a gradual decrease of the slow positron yield. Fig:.5
shows how the output signal intensity of Ceratron is decreased after 5 hours continuous irradiation. Since the Ta target and the W moderator were situated along the electron beam directions, some fraction of the high energy electrons can hit W moderator to induce radiation damage. The Linac was operated at 1/10 full power at this occasion, and the decrease of the yield due to the damage would be more significant when operated at the full power. It may be possible to minimize the damage by making a suitable choice of the geometry. An alternative choice may be to anneal the moderator from time to time. In order to test at what temperature the damage of the W moderator is recovered, positron Jifetimes were measured for the damaged moderator material. A long lifetime component which can be ascribed to micro-void formation was apparently observed, which, by isochronal annealing experiments, was found to start to move at about 600 °C and be annealed completely above 900°C (Fig.6).
- 2 2 -
JAERI-~I 89-119
iilp骨G2
positrons is storecl and. when the potential
G..， i s sw i tcheJ t 0 ground. i s re 1 eased spon-
taneous 1 y. When G.) i s lowered gradually as
i nドig.-tB. thl~ positrons come out stretched
ill-G
一一一+e
G1ー」 し一G2 ~卜、乙ご~l主主主s: storage and the stretching has thus heen
in tirne. The feasibility of the linear
demonstrated， but it 1S necessary to Tlm・t.. t..'tt lengthen the s to rage tlme from the pre-
Fit::.3 Prエncipleof the viously achieved level (c.a. 300μs) to
linear、storageand about 1 ms. pulse stretching
(A) (5)
" ，ε.4 Example of pulse stretching operat工on7he upper traceユneach oscillogram is the Ceratron outp山siζロ己1of e+ reユeasedwhen the potential G2 1iower trace) :.s ゥeinε ユowered.
4 .，~adia t. ion ])amage of the IV、loderatorWe coulcl observe a gradual decrease of the slow positron yield. Fig.5
shows how thド outputsignal intensity of Ceratron is decreased after 5
hours c()lltilluou日 irracliation.Since the Ta target and the W moderator were
s i t U al (~ d a I () n g t h e e 1 eじtronbcam direetions， some fraction of the high
eneq，'Y' Plectrons can hit W lIIoderator to induce radiation damage. The Linac
was operated at. 1/10 full power at this occasion， and the decrease of the
yield due to the dalllage would be 1II0re significant when operated at the
full power. It may be possible to minimize the damage by making a
sui table choice of the geometry. An alternative choice may be to anneal
the moderator from time to time. In order to test at what temperature the
damage of the W moderator is recovered. posi tron .).ifetimes were measured
for the damaged moderator material. A long lifetime component which can
be ascribed to micro-void formation was apparently observed， which. by
isochronal annealing experim巴nts，was found to start to move at about 600
。Cand be annea1ed completely above 900.C (Fig.6).
。LqJU
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 19
A
' -SM '2 0.04
iOO 800 annealing temperature CC )
F ig .6 Effect of A n n e a l i n g of rad ia t ion-damaged W moderator
Fig.5 Ccratron output at the beginning (A) and after 5 hours irradiation Hi) Although the ptctuies are uot ciear. it is seen that the peak height is small'-r for D tompitred to A.
Cone Las ion There has been a substantial progress in the production of intense slow
positron beam, and the results have been reported at ICPA-8. Further improvements ar" un>]iT nay in which are included: 1) Elimination •>( the burst component by using ExB separation technique. 2) Transfer of the positron beam from the magnetic field to non-magnetic
field. This is necessary for the positron scattering experiments. 3) To lengthen the storage and stretching time of positrons. 4) Brightness enhancement and formation of positron micro-beam. 5) To float the 'A hole beam line to a high potential (10-20 kV). This is
a fundamental necessity for most of the positron beam applications: the brightness enhancement, micro-beam, positron microscopes, etc..
References 1) O.Sueoka, Y.Ito, T.Azuma, H.Kobayashi and Y.Tabata; Jpn. J. Appl.
Phys., 24(21. 222-224 (1985) 2) A.P. Mills. Jr., "Positron Solid State Physics", pp.432-509 (North-
Holland Pub. Co.) 3) Y.lto, O.Sueoka, S.Takamura; Proc. 8th 1CPA, pp.583-585, (Gent,1988)
•23-
jAERI-M 89-119
(A) λ2 2
内・・・・.・・++:t
(B)
::司iX
¥・
<'00 800 annE'al1ng le-mperaturE' rC)
Fig.6 Effect of Annealing of radiatioD-damaged ¥V moderator
Fig.5 Ccratroロoutoじtat the begin山 口g(A) and after 5 bours lrraaiatioG nri A.lthoug:b th(' pICtUJ ('~ a閃 uotciear. it js seeD that tbe p~ak h引 gbt同 Sロa11f'rfor s仁O田 llaredto A
5. Conclusion
1'he re tws bド('n:¥、Llh、tantial progrcss in the production of intense slow
positron bl'am， and tl1ド 「ド日ultshave been reported at ICPA-8. Further im-
prOV't'l1It'lI L"‘lrれ(1I¥1l!r'¥¥;IY ill \~hich are illcluded:
1) Elimillati'lIl .，( !h，、 bursrcomponent by using ExB separation technique‘
2) Tran日t'Pr 0 r 1:11、pぃ、 i t r・りnbeam from the magnetic field to non-magnetlc
ficld_ TtJi'-' is n(.t'C ~sary for the positron scattering experiments，
3) 1'0 leng-ttwlI ttJe ，.;1りrag-eand stretching time of positrons_
4) sr ighuw氏、ド11h il [1('ド111ドnt 九ndformation of positron micro-beam.
5) To float LtJい ¥¥holc beユmlineto a high potential (10-20 kV). This is
a fundil11lcIllal nドじ('ぱ出 iLyfor most of the positron beam applications:
the Ilr j"ht 11 いれ討ド nhanc(~mcnt. m i cro-beam， pos i tron microscopes. etc..
References
1) O_Sucoka. Y. Tto， T.Azuma， H.Kobayashi and Y.Tabata; Jpn. J. Appl.
Phys.. 24(21. 222-224 (1985)
2) A_P.河i11 s. .Jr.， "Posi tron Solid State Physlcs"， pp.432-509 (North-
Holland Pub_ Co.)
3) Y_lto. O.Sueoka. S.Takamura; Proc. 8th lCPA， pp.583-585， (Gent，1988)
qJ
nJU
J A E R I - M 89-119
1.6 STATUS OF THE JAERI FREE ELECTRON LASER SYSTEM
Makio OHKUBO, Masayoshi SUGIMOTO, Masaru SAWAMURA, Katsuo MASHIKO, Masayuki TAKABE, Jyun SASABE
and Yuuki KAWARASAKI
Department of Physics, JAERI
Design and construction of JAERI FEL system based on a superconducting linac are continued aiming at the FEL oscillation in 10 -20AAITI infrared wave length. A subharmonic buncher, a buncher, a part of beam transport vacuum system, and focusing coils have been fabricated.
The purpose of the JAERI FEL program is to prove the feasibility of FEL as a strong and tunable light source in an infrared region at the first stage(Phase I) . In the succeeding stages, the shortening the wave length to visible light and upgrading the output light will be made. Overview of the system in Phase I is in the following.
In order to oscillate 10.6/nm infrared wave length, an electron beam of above 20 MeV is produced by a superconducting linac(508 MHz). The time structure of the beam is designed to be 4ns width and 10.6 MHz micropulse with an envelope 1 ms width and 10 pps macropulse. The electron eun is a thermionic cathode with a grid structure (Eimac
2) Y646B), and an accelerating voltage 250 kV . The cathode anode structures are so designed that the beam emittance is about 10 7t mm
3) mrad . The beam is bunched by a sub-harmonic buncher ( 84.7 MHz,
4) 1/6 of 508 MHz) and a buncher(508 MHz) in a rather long drift space , where a beam focusing is made by a series of focusing coils. The beam is accelerated by a superconducting pre-accelerator (508 MHz) to about 2 MeV. The superconducting main accelerator consists of 2 sets of structures where five 508 MHz cavities are united, and are contained in a 4.4 m long cryostat. By the 10 cavities acceleration of above 20 MeV will be expected in favorable cases. An RF power of 80 KW will be fed from two CW klystrons to accelerate the beam during the macropulse.
-24--
JAERI-M 89・119
1.6 STATUS OF THE JAER1 FREE ELECTRON LASER SYSTEM
トlakioOHKUBO，トlasayoshiSUG1MOTO，ト1asaruSAWAMURA，
Katsuo MASH1KO，トlasayukiTAKABE， Jyun SASABE
and Yuuki KAWARASAK1
Department of Physics， JAER1
Design and construction of JAER1 FEL system based on a super-
conducting 1inac are continued aiming at the FEL osci11ation in 10
2 う，'1m 工的 ared wave 1e叫 th. A s印ub凶h凶加1国町町吋a訂町r口町Iπn叩lωO町叫r
part of beam transport vacuum system， and focusing coi1s have been
fabricated.
The purpose of the JAER1 FEL program is to prove the feasibi1ity
of FEL as a strong and ~~nab1e 1ight source in an infrared region at 1 )
the first stage(Phase 1) 1n the succeeding stages， the shortening
the wave length to visib1e 1ight and upgrading the output 1ight wi11
be made. Overview of the system in Phase 1 is in the fo11owing.
1n order to osci11ate 10.6机 m infrared wave length， an electron beam /
りfabove 20 NeV is produced by a superconducting linac(508 MHz). The
lime structure of the beam is designed to be 4ns width and 10.6 MHz
micropu1se with an enve10pe 1 ms width and 10 pps macropu1se. The
e1ectron gun is a thermionic cathode with_~ grid structure (Eimac 2)
Y646B)， and an accelerating voltage 250 kV The cathode anode
struç~ures are so designed that the beam emittance is about 10 πmm 3)
mrad The beam is bunched by a sub-harmonic buncher ( 84.7 M~? ， 4)
1/6 of 508 MHz) and a buncher(508 MHz) in a rather 10ng drift space
where a beam focusing is made by a series of foこusingcoi1s. The beam
is acce1erated by a superconducting pre-accelerator (508 MHz) to about
2 MeV. The superconducting main acce1erator consists of 2 sets of
structures where five 508 ト佃zcavities are united， and are contained
in a 4.4 m 10ng cryostat. By the 10 cavities acce1eration of above 20
MeV wi11 be expected in favorab1e cases. An RF power of 80 KW wi11 be
fed from two CW k1ystrons to acce1erate the beam during the macropu1se.
-24-.
JAERI-M 89-119
In this fiscal year, parts of injection system, the sub-harmonic buncher and the buncher have been fabricated by the Nihon Kousyuha Co., and the vacuum system for drift space, and the series of focusing coils have been fabricated by the Tokin Co. The above RF and vacuum components already fabricated are shown in Fig.l.
In the next fiscal year, parts of the accelerator system in the following items will be constructed and assembled.
1) A short pulsed(4ns) electron gun with 250 KV accelerating voltage. The timing control is made by a grid pulser triggered by a light pulses through an optical fiber. 2) A part of the beam transport system. The vacuum system,
focusing coils, and a deflection magnet system are included. 3) An RF system. A standard source, frequency multipliers, phase and
amplitude control systems for the RF cavities, and solid state high power RF amplifiers are included.
References 1) 0hkubo,M., Kawarasaki,Y., Shikazono.N.,Mashiko,K., Sugimoto.M.,
Sawamura,M., Yoshikawa,H. and Takabe,M. A Linac for Free Electron Laser at JAERI, to be published in Proceedings of the 1988 LINAC Conference, Virginia, U.S.A.
2) Yoshikawa.H. and Mashiko.K. An Electron Gun for JAERI-FEL Proceedings of the 13th linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan, Electrotechnical Laboratory, Sept 7-9,1988, pll5
3) Sugimoto,M. Design of the electrode shape of the injection gun for the JAERI Free Electron Laser, Ibid, pi 18
4) Sawamura.M. Design of the Injection System for JAERI FEL Linac, ibid pl61
-25-
J:¥ E R 1 -:.，[ 89-1 1 9
In this fiscal year， parts of injection system， the sub-harmonic
buncher and the buncher havc been fabricated bv the Nihon Kousvuha
Co.， and the vacuum system for drift space， and the series of
focusing coi1s have been fabricated by the Tokin Co. The above RF
and vacuum components already fabricated are shown in Fig.l.
In lhe next fiscal year， parts of the accelerator system in the
f0110wing items will be constructed and assembled.
1) A short pulsed(4ns) electron gun with 250 KV accelerating voltage.
The timing control is made by a grid pulser triggered by a light
pulses through an optical fiber.
2) A part of the beam transport system. The vacuum system，
focus工ngcoils， and a deflection magnet system are included.
3) An RF system. A standard source， frequency 汀;ult ipl iers， phase and
amplitude control systems for the RF cavities， and solid state high
power RF amplifiers are included.
References
1) Ohkubo，門 Kawarasaki，Y.， Shikazono ，~. ，Mashiko，K.， Sugimoto，ド.，
Suwc1mura，、1.，Yoshikawa，H. and Takabe，ト1.
A Linac for Free Electron Laser at JAERI， to be published in
Proceedings of the 1988 LI~AC Conference， Virginia， U.S.A.
2) Yoshikawa，H. and ~jashiko ， K.
An Electron Gun for JAERI-FEL
Procecdings of the 13th linear Acceleratorト1eeting in Japan，
Electrotechnical Laboratory， Sept 7-9，1988， p115
3) Sugimoto， ~j.
Design of the electrode shape of the injection gun for the JAERI
Free Electron Laser， Ibid. p118
4) Sawamura，ト1.
Design of the Injection System for JAERI FEL Linac， ibid p161
ED
n4
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
H r k ii k \ r
u -±
MZZf 4r" KHHHHMM II fe3^1
JL JI
rig.i Injector of the JAERI FEL system. The electron gun, the suoharmonic buncher, beam transport system with focus coils, and the buncher.
-26-
jAERI-M 89-119
、¥、
the gun，
transport system with focus coils， and the
electron η1e oI the JAER工 FELsvstem.
r-e
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o
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-26一
beellJ
~unc コ e!".
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
1.7 ESTIMATION ON PEL'S o.W N: Pes i gn Studies for the Total System in Plus,- I
Masaynki TAKABE
Department of Physics, JAERI
Tlif free electron laser(FEL) gains have been preliminarily estimated as on, of the design studies for the superconducting RF-linac based FEL system in the phase I . Typical gains calculated in small signal gain and homogeneous broadening regime are:
Energy Wavelength Gain I'ndulator Momentum Filter Rise Time 2-''1eV l'j. t-.tia l')K new not 10. 4/.«s L'MeV °5M/;m no old not no 2MeV ^-n;.3i 0.8S old use 950/is
1. Introdue t i i;n The fii;.t! ,ii»i u f the FEl.'s R.vD here at JAERI lies in the application
of i s i»t o i ese;.,,trat ion for fuel element production and group partitioning of waste materials.
During the course of the FEL's R&D, however, novel tunable laser s,;iirie< ..Hi be widely applied to the various basic research fields, together wi'.h fhe achievement of high quality electron beam being definitely required for the FEL oscillations.
This challenging FEL's R&D is scheduled in three stages: Phase- I Infrared(10. 6/im) wavelength operation Phase- II Beam recirculation and visible wavelength operation Phase HI Energy recovery
The superconducting RF-linac for the FEL's beam source is considered as one of the superior choice, because RF power loss is very small and high quality beam is easily attainable. The discussion on the problem above described led to the design of the RF-linac based FEL system. For the design of the FEL system, each parameter of the accelerator should be determined as having a high gain value. The gain is estimated, at the present time, using the latest data. For the calculation of the gain, we assumed that the system is under the small signal gain and the homogeneous broadening regime.
- 2 7 -
J A E R I -:>'1 89-J J 9
1.7 ESTJil.\了 10~ 0¥ FEL'S ~AI~:rγ:， i ，~fI ;) t u t! i t'只 Illr the Tol.tl Sys tぜ盟
i Ii l'h，lS '，' - 1
問，lS:l)'11ki TAK:¥BE
Df'ド礼rtmentof Physics， JAERI
T!tい frρ f' 1'1ドltron 1.1:、ρr(FEUg:lIns 川、1:' bf:'l' n l'rド 1imina.ri Iy estimatt'U
，1:-> on， () f じい t!" s i品日 studit's fur thp supcrconduL'1 i 11品 RF-lin~r b~sed FEL
!):.' s tドmi Jl t.!Jいl' h ・ l~t' 1， Typ iじalg.lillS (，tlculat日di n s m辻11 日ignalg:lIn and
liomo;~ρ Il e リ us brο，lUぜningregime are:
Eìll'r:~~. I~.t ¥"C' 1 t-1 rl品th G.lin じndu1.1 t.or ~lnmentum Fi 1争l'r Risぜ Time
~ ~ 1.11l' ¥ 1 'J， t:.U m 1')'; 11t-'¥'I not 10. 4μ5
!.¥f" i' つヲ11J(日 日O 01.1 日ot no
2河μ¥' r)~ f1 J! m 0.8% 。Id use 円1)μs
1. 1 n t r ，" j 11' t i I d1
Tl1' 1'i :;，¥ ! ↓ 1 ~I ぃ Î t hい FE1.'s RS.:D hnい品tJAF.R 1 1 i 1'5 日 tlte ，lppl ir辻tion
ハf 五II ~け 1 ，.‘:ド1'，1r:1 t jぃf! f 1; r f 11 (' 1 "1 e m t' n 1. j' r川 !urtionand group p品rtitioning of
¥'1，1:; t" mλ1いri:lh
fi Ii r i n g t Ii t "けur :;，'け lheFEL' 5 R&lJ， huwevt'f， 110Vt'! tllnabl e laser
目り!lr'μ.111 bい \~ i d l' 1 y J.[l I'! iぞd tリ thぜ variolls bJ.si( res肝arch fields，
t () r.; r t ~ Iド r Wi::1 '111' .1I'hipvt'ment ()f higll qu斗1i t:. ピl，'ctron beam being
dドfi n i 1ぃ!yrドヨ ui r，' d f u r 1. h t・FEL llsrilla1.iullS.
This Ch;l! !"l1gi日出 FEL's R&D is scheduled in three st.lgぜs:
1'l!:1SP-[ InfraredOI).6 μm) wavelength operation
PilJ.S('." B"，lm recirculation J.nd visible wavel円ngthoperation
f'h，l品U 皿 Enピrg:.;recovery
The supercondurting RF-linac for the FEL's beam source is considered
as one of the superior choice， becJ.use RF power loss is very small and high
qualit.y be品問 i s 杷，15i I y 札ttainJ.ble. The discussion on the problem above
described led to thc design of the RF-linac based FEL system. For the
design of the FEL system， each parameter of the accelerator should be
determined as h斗vinga high gain value. The gain is estimated， at the
present time， using the latest data. For the calculation of the gain， we
assumed that the system is under the small signal gain and the homogeneous
broadening regime.
-27-
J A E R I - M 89-119
2. M.i i.'i par.(meter s
To r e a l i z e the in f ra red (10 .bum) ope ra t i on , the system is designed
c o n s i s t i n g of an e l e c t r o n gun with a g r i d - p u l s e d thermoionic cathoad, a
sub-harmonic buruher, a buncher, a p r e - a c c e l p r a t o r , an a -magnet and a main
a c c e l e r a t o r . * ' The peak c u r r e n t is guessed to be more than 100mA at the
ex i t of the gun, and 9. HA a f t e r the bunching process using the sub-
harmonic buncher, the buncher and the p r e - a c e e l e r a t o r . At the e x i t of the
gun, the emi • tar.ee of the beam is e s t ima ted less than lOtfmm-mr by using
At the f i na l s t age , the
emi t tance is guessed 15?r
the SLAC e l e c t r o n t r a j e c t o r y program, E-gun
T a b l e 1 M a i n p a r a m e t e r s
!)
• Beam energy | N o r m a l i z e d emittance • Energy spread | M i c r o p u i s e (at G u n ) 1 Mac r o D U 1 s e i ! P e a k c u r r e n t 1 B u n c h l e n g t h
25MeV 10n mm•mr 8 0 k e V 4 n s CIO. SMHz) lms ( 1 0 H z ) 9. 14A 1. 3 1cm
min-mr. The beam energy
amounts to 25MeV at the
end of the main ac
c e l e r a t o r . Main para
meters of our system are
1 i s t e d i n t a b ! e 1.
Tii»-» c.i I ( ii 1 at j <vi ,-,f t h>- g a i n
The oscillation iv.ive leiis'li(A) can be expressed 3) as,
(1)
where A is the un.lul ator period, r is the beam energy and K is the du I .it ur parameter. When a planar undulator is used,
eBX„ K
2V27rmc2.
The ga in (g) depends s t r o n g l y on K value and can be w r i t t e n as.
g <x K2
[1+K2) 2N3/I h J? 2(l+K2)
-•/, K2
(2)
(3)
un-
2(1+A")
where J(j and J, are the Bessel function of order n. Eq. (3) leads to the maximum value of g at K=l.1. The value of K can then fix the undulator period and the magnetic field strength(B) under the condition of y =49. 9 (E = 25MeV), A =10. 6xx m, through eq. (1) and (2). The system is now assumed to work under the homogeneous broadening regime. The constraints between the parameters can be expressed as,
A„ (4)
-28-
J AE R 1 -1¥1 89・119
7.河.ti rt T)，l[ .tslぜtοr -;
To reユ1iz.: the infrarぜd00.ゎμ田) operation， the system is designed
consisting of 孔n electron gun with孔 grid-pulsedthermoionic cathoad，品
sub-harmonic bunlher. 品 bunch日r. 辻 pre-acce1 rrator， a.n α-m品gnetand a mユin
みccelぜ「ユtor.llTh，' pe;tk current is guessed to be more than lOOmA at t.he
ぞxit oi thf'品un， .1日d O.14A after the bunching process using the sub-
harmnnir bunrher. thc buncher and thr prcー斗ccelerator. At thc cxit of the
品U11. t ht: e!ll i t↑λr.¥'. ，，; the Uぜ品目 1 S 旬日 timated1巳ssthan 10πmm.mr by using
tilt: SUC'ぃ 1eじtrいtI t r ，d ，'r t 0 r y p r 0 g r am ， E -.'; u n 2 ). A t t h e f i n J. 1 s t ag (' ， t h日
τa b 1 e ~1a in paramet日rs
BeiJ.m 己nergy~ormalized emittance Energy ヰpreュd~icropulse(at Gun) ~acroDuls 巴
P日ak current Bunch lenιh
~. TIIμ ρ11， 111.1 t i パ・1，.f tl1，. :.;ain
25MeV
10 TC mm' m r 80keV 4ns C10. 6MHz) lmsC10Hz) 9. 14A
1.31cm
emittance is guessed 1ちz
mm.mr. The beam energy
amounts to 2ちMeY at the
end of the main ac-
celer孔tor. Main para-
meters of our sys~em are
listed in t品b1 e 1.
Tltじり引!1 1.1 t iリ11'.¥'.1、[' It'fI品!lr(入) l'・1nbeρxpressedコ) .1.s，
入舟
λ=ーモ(l+KJ) (1)
2γ
:v!，ぞ「い入 '1βthl' 11n，]u1.tt'lr fJt'r iod， ァ isthe beam energy and K is the un-
dul.lt"r ;).Ham>:t ，~r. When斗 pl.lnu undu 1 ator i s used，
eB).. K=ーす」で (2)
2v271'mc. •
Tlil'ιtin(g) ~~rends strongly on K value and can be writte日礼s.
Kl r _ [ Kl 1 . I Kl 110
刊一一一一一{'ol一一一一ト，)卜一一一If (3) (1+Kl)lP 1'0 l2(1+Kl) r~)l2(1+Kl) J J
where JO and J1品rethe Bessel function of order n. Eq. (3) leads to the
maximum valリeof g a t K二1.L The nlue of K can then fix the undulator
period and the magnetir field strength(B) under the condition ofγ=49.9
(E=2ぢMeV)， λ= 10. 6μm. through eq. (1) and (2). The system is 0011' assumed to
work under the homogeneous broadening regime. The constraints between the
parameters C.ln be expressed as，
λq 1 σpく一-=--~ .4L 4N
-28-
(4)
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
7^ v < 1 1+K * xl
(5)
wher
v ~ 7 a Ai 2K L i s the e n e r g y s p r e a d g i v e n by r3" E/E, L i s t he u n d u l a t o r l e n g t h , N n
?- £ is the normal izi em i t tancc is the number ••>f the undulator periods, and h is a const an •. At the end of the main accelerator tin- energy spread was estimated to be _t. SilkV. E'l. (1) requires that. N must be less than 78. In o u r i . i s r we chose N a s GO. From eq. (5) ?' e y must be l e s s t han 6 ? ; r nim-nir.
The small signal g a i n " is given by, i K2 h N3
<70 = 32\/27r 2 A 2 A; ' {X+K2f2 I. E
•f(z)F(K) (6)
where Ip is the peak current, and is estimated to be 9. 14A, la is the Alfven i urrent(lTOi'A), I is the mean transverse area of the optical mode, f(x) and F(K) an- given !,y next equations, respectively,
f{x) = —r{cosx~l-i—xsinx) (7) x 2
F(K)=J, K2
2{l+K\ -J,
K2
2(1+A' 2) (3)
The .J.' imiini \alue of Z is provided as LA/'v^?. Taking account of the fact Mi,i1 the maximiiin value of f(\) is n. 067' for x 2. o 1 and F(K) is 0.715 !"'•: K !. I, we .ibtai.-i I he gain as c 5 . 9"; from eq. (fj).
Real In-am has many factors to decrease the gain, that is, the energy spread (y. I ; ) , the emi t t anre (;£ ), the s 1 i ppage (j.i ), etc Taking those factors into account, we define the real gain that can roughly be expressed,
9=9o (9) (1+-J-)(1+MJ)(1+1.7/4).
Here u c, M v. M are given by next equations.
y-E •=lJt!jY
__XN_
(10)
(11)
(12)
where a z is the bunch length and estimated as 1.31cra(8° at 508MKz). Substituting each value into the eq. (10), (11) and (12),
/ i E - 0.768, My = 0.229, MZ = 0.0485 The gain was calculated as 26% from eq. (9). Furthermore, assuming that the optical cavity output coupling(e) is 5% and the mirror loss(d') is 2%, we obtained the final gain as 19%.
- 2 9 -
JAER 1-;"1 89-119
(5) 1+K2入:
ieyく万;すゴ77rマEi ~、 t hL い11"r!;} 九ド「ピ，tJg i 'ie fI "Y N
r e Y
is t.he norm~Ll izド d emitLlnce
tllρ" n d 0 f tlll' :n‘ti;1 ~lrc t' l ，'r;ltc::' tht' ぜlJt'rgy spread
E，[. (1) require5 th~tt N m1l5t be less th斗n78.
L is thr unuu]atυr 1 e nばth，/S E，'E，
ρf thド II日dulatorperilJds，
t
w F
J
!
m山川
U1
• ↑
!日
i、λ iρ 日日~ d J: t l
i f
--A
nu i
From eq. (ち) rεy mllSt. be lt:ss t.hJ.1I l>'Jl'mm'mr .
.!.811kV.
1.1日い IYC C ltu~'，，' :i .1日 i，1l
Thぜ日Jn，llI s i品1J.1l i~.li j，ll i:; ζiHfI l，y.
どヲ 4Z K2 L N3 90=32 v'27r" A "り一一一_-!.-一一/(x)F{K)v
(1+K2)3/2ιE
W司5 い5t i m.lトcd t () bド
ollr
(6)
Ia i5 the Alfven ;'ihcrυ1 p i s t hド Fρ止l、じ urrせnt.lnd i:; e己timatedto bぜ1). l-lA，
f (x) 田odド，i5 th" mean tran5ver5e ar巴ヰ of the optiじ;;.1
r l' Sp(~c ti ve 1 y， ぺfI.j r (r:) .1了1・.:;iVi'I1 l.y next γqu辻t.i ons.
/(x)=与(cosz-l+4zs山 )X' ，f.
て」， u r r t. fI t ( 1 '7 c! .1に:¥).
(7)
r . r K2 1 _ ( K2 112
F(K)=1Jo/一一一一/-J)卜一一一/f l
v l2(l十K2)J . 'l2(1+K2) J J
(8)
T斗kifI;;・1Iじountuf the
・llldF (1':)
Th，'
11目 715lS i~; 11.1107:; for ¥ ~. 01 t 11" m;l¥ i ;~111 1Jl V;t lu f'刊ff f¥) '1，，11 f
-i
the energy tha t i 5，
T辻kin品 t h¥，九ピ f.1C-
1 !i t.'μi~! Ll~ r:ξ'1: from川.(ゎ).
r:".l 1 1，...，川 :l.!.S ffi:1I1Y ‘11' tors 1.0 d，且，:rp:15" th，' 芯斗 in.
日 Ilrl'dd(J~Eì. t!I!' t・101↑1.1日[ド(J! v)' t. h l' :i 1 i r' p a.g " ()1 z) .
!日r:; i 11 t.り .lLじOlJfll. WIo dcfin(' thぜ「ピalg斗iiI t. h~l t ，、・L日 roughlybe expressピd，
1
ド t('.
-i
t
↑
'f
'，"， 1' !，，:
(9) g=90
(寸)(1+μ~)(1+ 1.7J.'~)μγμC ;lre i~ i v，・ nby nt' ・;trquations.
μE=..，TEN
F"トM，A
，A' Oしra
3 {
l
(10)
N
五入q
K
一K4-+
μ
)
守Ea-
司
aA司(
(12)
-no
(
m山Pし1
'
ぺ
吟
ノ
、
.3J
-
今
L
1
A
1
4
(
CJ a
d
nu
，d
a
aじふEU
、‘，，
a咽
i
m叫唱
14
・1
(
ふa
u
'
oa
、、，，
ρνnu
1
1
(
nu a
q
OL
LU
47し
aL
g
h
n
u
f
‘，
oc 'saAυ
+し
1nunU
PU-ta
nu Hu
白し
b
u
“
し
令
a
h
V
&E
.しhH
C
J
P
し
b
・2a・2凶
u
v
-
z
ρ
』
いと
d
z
;
rσ
叫
e
-
t
4
μ
t
HU
+L
--ゐしq
u
Sub-at 508MHz). where
μE τ0.768，μy = O. 229，μz = O. 0485
The gain was calculated as 26% from eq. (9). aS5uming that the Furthermore，
optica1 cavity output coupling(εisち%and the皿irror 1055(o) lI'e i 5 2%，
-29-
obtained the fina1 gain as 19%
J A E R I - M 89-119
The laser pulse rise time is given by, L
r=0.14- (13)
In our r a se r is c a l c u l a t e d to be 10. AJLIS.
The e s t i m a t i o n of the gain has been t r i e d by using old undula tor whose
s p e c i f i c a t i o n is l i s t e d in
T a b l e 2 O l d u n d u l a t o r p a r a m e t e r t ab l e 2 under the cond i t ion in
-i which the beam has 2. 00± 0. OSMeV. 1 P e r i o d length j F i e l d strenrt.i J K pa ramet e r 1 Number of period
3. Ocm 3670Gauss 0. 727
16
T a b l e 3 Beam c o n d i t i o n
Beam e n e r g y 2MeV E n e r g y s p r e a d 3 5 k e V P e a k c u r r e n t 8A Em i t t a n c e 1 5 TZT mm • mr
Through the same way and with the
same parameters as descr ibed
above, no gain can be es t ima ted .
However, if the beam t h a t
s a t i s f i e s the c o n d i t i o n s l i s t e d
in t ab le 3 i s s e l e c t e d , the gain
and the l a se r pulse r i s e time can
be obta ined to be +1. S% and 'PUM
s, r e s p e c t i v e l y . The opera t ion of
FEL in , ; icil).um is p o s s i b l e .
.1. >m 1 usIon ft'e obtained Mie gain to be expected at the FEL operation at JAERI as
1'H. This value is enough ivr the FEL operation. Our estimation, however, taker, no account of 'he space charge effects. More accurate estimation in~ eluding the space charge effect is expected.
Re fer'-nc" l)Y. Kawarasaki, et al. , JAERI TANDEM, LINAC&V. D. (1. Annual Report (1987) p23. 2)W. B. Herrmannsfeldt, SLAC 226(197?). 3)G.Dattoli and A. Renieri, "Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of the
Free Electron Laser" in Laser Handbook Vol.IV (1985). 4)M. Castellano, "An Infrared Free Electron Laser on the Superconducting
Linac LISA"-LNF-88/04(R).
- 3 0 -
89-119 J AE R 1 -¥1
I~ser pulse ri5P time is given by，
L一川
The
(13)
i s cλIrlll.lt ぃdto be' 10. 4μs. τ l' .1日f111 our
Tltt'、t'5t i m礼tionofthγg.lin h‘L己 bぜl'n tr i川 1by IIsing old undul.ltor WhclSt~
nH
-i
1 i s ted 15 specific斗tion
conditiun in
which the be.lrn h.lS 2. OOi: O.IiSMe¥".
Through the s礼meway and with thピ
the under t.lble 2 p:l.ram巴 te r
P巴 riod length Field strenrL} K parameter 下iumber of oeriod
3. Ocm 3670G昌ussO. 727
L阜一一一」
undulator 01 d つTable
dt'sじri bed J.S P品rarnetersS.lme
no g品incan be estirn.lted. above，
th~t be品田the i f f! ，)'/1(' ve r，
satisfles conditions listぜd
the 話斗in
the
in tabl巳ヲ isselected，
condition Beam 3 Table
an U ttl己 l、lserpll!se rise timp ca日
be obLli 11ぜdto be +1.8% .lnd ~~~μ
2~leV
35keV 8A 157r mm'mr
d
a
t
yEn
σbr1・pu
rDarρν一
巴
5rc一
n
u
n
一
召
V
d
C
3
一
。。』-L
一
mr'kt一
a
E
a
I一
e
n
E
m一
BE--E
一The oper斗ti on 0 f respeしti ve 1 y. s，
FEL i n 1)円1)μmis possible
{¥0[11 I11可 iけI
W" 'lbtained t 111' .~・ i i 11 t ，) b 引いxpド1・t.cd.tt tht' FEL oper.ltion .lt. .L¥ERI .l与
howevぜr，Qllr t'stim.ltion. Thi5 Y，11Uぜ ispnou品h!υr tll，' FEL opぜra t i n 11. lfj1.
~lor 巳， lC cur‘.lt仔 estimat ion in ↑(lhtl5 no J.(、('t)unt円ft h t~ S P ，iU' 仁!I.lr:;eeffects.
i sゼxpぜcted. I'ludi 日正 the 日F品ce 仁h，lr.t;I' ぃffl'l' t
Rf' f，! r'・n('..
1) Y. KJ.¥¥みr，lsaki， Annu.ll Repor t (I g月7) p23 JAERI TA~DEM.LI~Ar&v. D.G. d 礼1..
SL¥C 226(107つ).
3)G. D.lttol i and A. Renieri. "Experimental and Theoretical A5P巴ctsof the
Free Electron Laser" in Laser Handbook Vol. IV (198引.
2) W. B. Herrmannsfe 1 dt目
4)M. C.lstel1a日0， "An Infrared Free Electron L.lser on the Superconducting
Linac LISA"-LNF-88/04(R).
--30ー
JAER I-M 89-119
1.8 INJECTOR GUN OF THE LINAC FOR A FEL OSCILLATOR
Hiroshi YOSHIKAWA* and Katsuo MASHIKO Department of Physics, JAERI
Abstract A structural design of the injector gun of the linac for a FEL oscil
lator was done. The electron beam from gun should have a low emissions (<10 micro rarad) and a micropulse sequence (ins width and 80ns separation). The designed gun structure has the following specific features: 1) the position of the gun electrodes is centered at the HV-insulatcr vessel; 2) the shape of the electrodes forms the low perveance type Pierce gun.
Introduction The .7.;3t i.T.pcr*'ir.*, parameter needed for FEL applications is the
brightness cf the beam, which should be as high as possible. And also th<- >jr.orgy spread shtuld be less than ~/2x.l, where N is the number of the ur.dul-itcr period. It is also required that the micropulse separation should match to the round-trip time of the light traveling in an optical cavity length.
The low-emittance beam may be produced from the injector gun using either a thermionic or a photoemissive cathode. The conventional thermionic cathode with a control grid is immediately available in commercial base and it can be used to form the required micropulse sequence.
The FEL scheme at JAERI and the R&D schedule are presented elsewhere In the phase-1 RSD schedule, the injector consists of a grid-
controlled thermoionic cathode gun, a sub-harmonic buncher, a buncher and two super-conducting cavities as pre-accelerator.
Design Consideration However the micro- and macro-pulse sequence depends on the specifica
tion of the linac and the optical cavity, the micropulses with 4-ns width and 80ns reparation and the macropulses of 1ms duration and 1% duty are chosen as phase-1 parameters. Under this condition, the pulse transmis-
-31-
89-]19 JAERI恥 M
INJECTOR GUN OF TEE LI~AC FOR A FEL OSCILLATOR 1.8
Hiroshi YOSHIKAWA吟 andKatsuo MASHIKO
Departoer.t of Physics， JAERI
Abstract
A structura1 design of the injector gun of the linac for a FEI， oscil-
The e::'ectron beam from gun shou1d have aユowemissions 一、 1 一、
よa¥:，or '，.:as Qone.
80ns
specific
microDu1se
The dcs工gnedgun structure has 七he :'01ユoWlng
th" posi七ionof the gun e1ectrodes is centered at the HV-
insu1ator vessel; 2)
and width (4ns sequence a 日nar.:rad) m工cro
separationj.
(<10
了ぅaシ」ア巴s:
:，he shape 01' 七he号ユectrodesforms 七helow perveance
type Pierce gun.
In:-.，:，oduc七lon
the
And a1so
separation
ユs
c:' ':.r-:e befl;;] ， '，.，;h i ch should be 旦sh工ghas possib1e.
。J仁f 了GEFTρ江，-: sh~u~ ::i t巳 les口 than ~ /2汀， w'here ~J ユ s the numb巴rof七he
」了，;iu::"i~， cr per:.，コa. It 工sa1so required tha: the micropu1se
shoι::i ma tcn 七o th巴 round-triptime of the ligh七 trav巴lingin田 optical
app1icacions Tムr]
r4 fc.r r.eeコ(，，.j-:1>'， 土 ~0 ， ニコ:じ u 了。 'lr:~ nar 3.:rJe:'日r
じ!..1 c~と tn日己 2
会"';'J‘・一
巴ハtMn
a
i'tv +し.、ム
.ロ
いい
ρぜ
+d-
p
b
v
n
o
g
-ム
、l-
日
J
et
h
『
i
4
m
‘
a
qlv
may be produced from the injector gun using
The conven七iona1ther-
beam
ei ther a ther汀uonユcor a photoemissive ca七hode.
wi七ha con七ro1grid is immedia七elyavailable in commer-
cial base and i七巴anbe used to form the r巴quir巴drnicropulse sequ巴nce.
cathode mlonlC
)
4
，，
ロ》T
戸》h
w
e
q】1ムe
injector consists of a grid-
a sub-harmonic buncher， a buncher
The FEL scheme at JAERI ar.d the R&D schedule are presen七ed
phase-1
controlled thermoionic ca七hodegun， and七wosuper-conducting cavities as pre-accelerator.
七hesch巴dule，R&D 七heIn
Desi疋nConsidera七ion
However the rnicro-and macro回 pulsesequence depends on the specifica-
七ionof th巴 linacand the optical cavity， the micropulses with 4ns width 80ns repara札 onand the macropulses of 1ms duration and 1% duty are
chosen as phase-1 pararne七ers. Under this condition， the pulse transmis-
q3
出 d
JAERI-M 89-119
sion between the pulser and the grid should have extremely good frequency characteristics to achieve the fast timing response. The length of a lead wire must be as short as possible to reduce the unwanted stray capacitance. To avoid this difficulty, the position of the gun electrodes is moved to the center of the HV-insulator vessel in contrast to that of conventional structure, as shown in fig.1. This configuration will work if the electron beam extracted from the anode does not need an excessive focusing magnetic field. Practically, the grid-cathode assembly (e.g.,Eimac Y-64.6B) and the focusing electrode are mounted on a flat flange, while the anode is mounted on the top of the support with a hollowed cone shape. Such an ample space just adjacent to the cathode makes the design of the pulser and power-supply easy. And its maintenance of improvement also becomes easy.
The low-emittance beam can be produced using a small cathode, say, 2-5mm in diameter, but the commercially available grid-cathode assembly has a larger diameter, generally. In this design, the virtual area of the electron emission over the cathode is controlled by using the hole size of the focusing electrode, whose potential is kept negative to the cathode potential.
Another important point for the low-emittance gun design is the shape of the anode and cathode. If the current density from the cathode with the very small emissive area were enough, the best method for beam extraction would be that with the beam trajectory almost parallel to the axis accompanied by a slight electrostatic focusing to cancel the space-charge effect. The other choice which we employed is a low perveance configuration (week focus) with a relatively high voltage applied to cathode and the anode. The calculations of the beam trajectory under
2) the various electrode shapes were done by M.Sugimoto .
Discussion The design study on the injector gun is now in progress. Experimen
tal tests are planned to prove the axial focusing properties of the beam exiting the anode and to tune up the associated electronics.
-32-
jAERI-M 89-119
sion between the puls巴r and the grid should have extremely good
frequ巴ncycharac七eristics 七oachieve七he fas七七iming response. The
length of a lead wire must be as short as possible to reduce the 山 1-
wan七eds七raycapaci七ance. To avoid this difficu1ty，七heposition of the
尽lne1ectrodes is moved to the cen七erof the HV-insu1ator vesse1 in con-
七ras七七otha七 ofconven七iona1s七ruc七ure， as shown in fig.1. This con-
figura七ion wil1 work if the electron beam extracted from the anode does
not need an 巴xcessivefocusing magne七icfie1d. Prac七ica11y，七hegrid-
C旦七hode assembユy (e.g. ，Eimac Y-6/+6B) a:-lu the focusing e1ectrode are
mounted on a f1at f1ange， whi1e the anode is [よounted CD. Lhe top of the
support with 旦 ho1lowedcone shape. Such田 amplespace just adjacent
to :.i:巴 cathodemakes七hedesign of the pulser and power-supply 巴asy.
And its maintenance of improvem巴ntalso becomes easy.
Theユow-emittancebearn can be produced using a srnal1 cathod巴， say， 2-
5rnm in diameter， but七hecomrnercia1ly avai1ab1e grid-ca七hodeassemb1y
has a 1arger diarneter， g巴nerally. In七hisdesign，七hevirtua1 are旦 of
the electron emission over the ca七hodeis contro11ed by using the ho1e
zュ3e Gf七hefocusing e1ec七rode， whose poten七ia1is kep七 negativeto七he
cathode po七巴nt.ial.
1.0<:'七herimpor七回七 pointfor the 1ow-emi七七ancegun design is the shape
0: th巴 anodeand c旦thode. If the current density from the cathode with
もhe very small emissive area were enough， the best rne七hodfor beam ex-
trac七ion would be that with the beam trajectory a1most paraユユe1to the
axis accompanied by a sligh七 e1ectros七aticfocusing七ocance1 the space-
charge effect. The other choice which we emp10yed is a 10w p巴rveance
configura七ion (week focus) with a re1ative1y high vo1tage app1ied七o
cathode and the anode. The ca1cu1ations of the beam trajectory under
the various e1ectrode shapes were done by M. Sugimot.o2) .
Discussion
The design s七udyon theむljec七orgun is ，.ow in progress. Experimen-
tal七estsare p1anned to prove the axia1 focusing proper七iesof the beam
exi七ing七heanode and to tune up the associated e1ec七ronics.
-32-
JAERI-M 89-1 19
Reference
1) M.Ohkubo e t a l . , PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13th LINEAR ACCELERATOR
MEETING IN JAPAN 1988
2) M.Sugimoto, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13th LINEAR ACCELERATOR MEETING
IN JAPAN 1988
9 On l eave absence from Dept. of E l e c , Waseda Univ.
P r e s e n t add res s : SR-group, Dept. of P h y s . , JAERI
Fig. 1(a) Cross sctional view of electron gun assembly. The anode is mouted on the top of cone shape support which has vacuum openings. Cathode, Grid and Wehnelt are mounted on a flat flange. (1)' Cathode Assembly, (2) Anode, (3) Wehnelt (4) Ceramic Insulator, (5) Ceramic Insulating Cylinder.
- 3 3 -
]AERI-M 89・ J19
Reference
1) M.Ohkubo et al.， PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13th LiNEAR ACCELERATOR
MEET1NG 1N JAPAN 1988
2) M.Sugimoto， PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13七hL1NEAR ACCELERATOR MEETING
1N JAPAN l.2.笠
発 Onleave absence from Dept. of Elec.， Waseda Univ.
Present address SR-group， Dept. of Phys.， JAERI
G G
Fig.l (a) Cross sctiona1 view of elec汀ongun assembly. The anode is mouted on the top of cone shape support which has vacuum openings. Cathode， Grid and Wehneltむ emounted on a flat flange. (1)・CathodeAssembly， (2) Anode， (3) Wehnelt
(4) Ceramic Insulator， (5) Ceramic Insulating Cylinder.
qa qJ
JAER1-.M 89-119
/N
CD C3 CD
V
Fig.1(b) Side view of Gun tank (1) Electron Gun, (2) Cockcroft-Wokon, (3) Vessel, (5) Gate valve (6) Ion Pump
- 3 4 -
J A E R 1 -~l 89 -1 1 9
モ沙1400
③lilt
4
小111111口口口一
111111V
(2) Cockcroft-Side view of Gun tank (1) Electron Gun，
(3) Vess巴1， (5) Gale valve (6) lon Pump
-34 -
Fig.1(b) Wolton，
JAER I-.M 89-119
1.9 DESIGN OF THE ELECTRODE SHAPE OF THE 'NJECTION GUN FOR THE JAERI FREE ELECTRON LASER
Masayoshi SUGIMOTO Department of Physics, JAERI
The newly developed electron gun for JAERI free electron laser should have a good emittance, < 10 it mm-mr, with the moderately high peak current, z 100 mA. To realize such a condition using the conventional thermionic cathode, we employed a special form of the electrodes and a small cathode. The focusing electrode is isolated to the cathode and the output beam compression can be controlled by changing its potential relative to the cathode potential.
Introduction The essential i^nui^ement for the injectors used for the free electron
laser is the high brightness, and under the condition of the limited peak current it means the low emittance, less than 10 it mm mr for our purpose. There are some novel techniques to obtain a good quality beam : photoemissive cathode using pulsed laser excitation and/or RF acceleration immediately after the cathode. However, it can be also realized by using the conventional thermionic emitter, as far as the current density is not too high , Z 10 A/cm or less. In our case, the peak current would be less than ~ 100 mA and the beam diameter z 1 mm, so we tried to design the shape of the electrodes for the injection gun, which satisfied the required condition.
Design study The primary object of the design of the electrode shape is to realize
the low emittance beam (2 10 T mm mradians) under the condition: energy 250 keV, peak current 100 mA, and beam diameter 1 mm. Firstly we made a decision to employ a low perveance type electrode shape to satisfy such a low emittance. Secondary we chose the beam envelope between the cathode and the anode. There are two types of beam extraction with low emittance: i) the beam is almost parallel to the axis of symmetry, and it has small diameter at the cathode area with the high current density. ii) the beam is focused into anode hole and it becomes almost parallel after extracted from the anode. The latter case would be preferable from the point of
-35-
J A E R 1 -~[ 89-11 9
1.9 DESIGN OF THE ELECTRODE SHAPE OF THE 'NJECTION GUN FOR THE
* JAERI FREE ELECTRON LASER
Masayoshi SUGIMOTO
Departm巴ntof Physics， JAERI
The newly developed electron gun for JAERI free electron laser should
have a good emittance， < 10 1r mm-mr， with the mod肝rately high peak
current， ::: 100 mA. To realize such a condition using the conventional
thermionic cathode， we employed a special form of the electrodes and a
small cathode. The focusing electrode is isolated to the cathode and the
output beam compression can be controlled by changing its potential
relative to the cathode potential.
Introduction
The essential !o~ujrement for the injectors used for the free electron
laser is the high br ightness， and und巴rthe condition of the limited peak
current it m骨ansthe low emi ttance. less than 10 宵 mmmr for our purpose. 1 )
There are some novel techniques to obtain a good qual i ty beam
photoemissive cathode using pulsed laser excit祉tion and/or RF acceleration
immediately after the cathode. However， i t can be also real ized by using
the conventional thermionic emitt巴r，as far as the cllrrent density is not
too high ~ 10 A/cm or less. In our case. the peak current would be
less than ::: 100 mA and the beam diameter ::: 1 mm， so we tried to design the
shape of the electrodes for the injection gun， which satisfied the required
condi ti on.
Desi2:n studv
The primary object of the design of the electrode shape is to realize
the low emittance beam (完 10πmmmradians) under the condition: energy 250
keV， peak current 100 mA， and beam diameter 1 mm. Firstly we made a
decision to employ a low perveance type electrode shape to satisfy such a
low emi ttance. Secondary we chose the beam envelope between the cathode
and the anode. There are two types of beam extraction with low emittance:
i) the beam is almost parallel to the axis of symmetry， and it has small
diameter at the cathode area with the high current density. ii) the beam
1s focused 1nto anode hole and it becomes almost parallel after extracted
from the anode. The latter case would be preferable from the point of
FD
qd
JAERI-M 89-1 19
view about the load for the cathode, but the former one is better when the high peak current is needed and the space charge effect is untolerable.
In any cases, the shape of the electrode must have the characteristics to reduce the unnecessary growth of the emittance between the beam extraction line: the radial component of the electric field formed by the electrodes is proportional to the radial coordinate . If the beam is not extracted, such a condition is easily fulfilled by solving the Laplace equation, but actually the self-field of the beam makes difficult to solve the problem. The design was done by using the SLAC electron trajectory
2) program with some modifications about input data handling routines. The calculations of the electron trajectory were carried out by
changing the parameters: a) cathode radius, b) shape of the focusing electrode, c) distance between cathode and anode, d) shape of the anode. The calculations with different current density and the anode voltage were also done. And the possibility of the controlling the output beam size (or beam compression) is studied by changing the potential of the focusing
3) electrode relative to the cathode potential
Results The optimal shape of the focusing electrode is fairly independent of
the other parameters, and has a large focusing strength compared with that obtained from the solution of the Laplace equation for no beam case. But the focusing is much weaker than that for the usual Pierce type electrode. The anode shape gives relatively small effect to the final results but it must have a defocusing characteristics to avoid the over-focusing after the beam extraction.
The obtained emittance is exponentially decreased by decreasing the cathode diameter. To satisfy the beam diameter requirement after beam extraction, the cathode diameter should be less than 4 mm. The radial distribution of the extracted electrons has a peak at the edge, so it is like a hollow beam. This is caused by the space charge force inside the beam.
The increase of the emittance becomes linear about the decrease of the anode voltage between 200 and 300 keV, and the resulting unnormalized emittance is about 1.8 * mm-mr at 250 kV. If the anode voltage decreases to 150 kV, the emittance deteriorates to 2.7 J mm-mr.
The emittance increases, roughly speaking, linearly, as total current increases. So it becomes a very difficult task to maintain the beam size
- 3 6 -
JAERI-~I 89-119
view about the load for the cathode. but the former one is better when the
high peak current is needed and the space charge effect is untolerable.
In any cases. the shape of the electrode must have the characteristics
to reduce the unnecessary growth of the ぜmittance between the beam
extraction 1 ine: th巴 radial component of the electric field formed by the 1 )
e1ectrodes is proportiona1 to the radia1 coordinate". If the beam is not
extracted. such a condition is easily fulfilled by solving the Laplace
equation. but actua1ly the self-field of the beam makes difficult to solve
the problem. The design was done by using the SLAC electron trajectory 2 )
program-' with some modifications about input data hand1ing routines.
The calcu1ations of the e1ectron trajectory wer巴 carried out by
changing the parameters: a) cathode radius. b) shape of the focusing
e1ectrode. c) distance between cathode and anode. d) shape of the anode.
Th円 caJcuJationswith different current density and the anode vo1tage were
a1so done And the possibi1ity of the contro1ling the output beam size
(01' beam compression) is studied by changing the potential of the focusing 3)
electrode relative to the cathode potentia1
E三三立よL豆
The optima1 shape of the focusing electrode is fairly independent of
th杷 otherparameters. and has a large focusing strength compared with that
obtairwd from the solution of the Laplace eqllation for no beam case. But
lh円 focusingis mllch weaker than that for the lIsual Pierc巴 type 巴1ectrode.
The anode shape gives relatively small effect to the final results but it
must have a defocusing characteristics to avoid the over-focusing after the
beam extraction.
The obtained emi t tance is exponentially decreased by decreasing the
ca thode diameter. To satisfy the beam diameter requirement after beam
ext ract ion. the ca thode diameter should be less than 4 mm. The radial
distribution of the extracted electrons has a peak at the edge. so it 1s
like a hollow beam. This is caused by the space charge force in雪idethe
beam
The increase of the emittance becomes linear about the decrease of the
anode voltage between 200 and ~OO keV. and the resul ting unnormali zed
巴mittanceis about 1.8肯 mm-mrat 250 kV. If the anode vol tage decreases
to 150 kV. the emittance deteriorates to 2.7 ~ mm-mr.
The emi ttance 1ncreases. roughly speaking. 1 inearly. as total current
inじreases. So it becomes a very difficult task to maintain the beam size
no
内
4U
JAERI-M 89-119
small in the high current condition. The limit of the total current to preserve the good quality in the designed injection gun is about 200 mA.
By variation of the potential of the focusing electrode the extracted beam size can be changed, e.g. 5.8 mm radius becomes 5.5 mm when -50 V is applied. In Fig.l the typical beam trajectory and equipotential lines are given. The horizontal axis is the symmetrical axis of the gun and the vertical axis shows the radial distance. The shape of the focusing electrode on the left hand side has a curve with small curvature whereas the shape of the anode side has a larger convex curvature. The filled area near the symmetrical axis shows the beam trajectory from the virtual cathode. In fig. 2a), the normalized current density at each radial point is plotted. A peak at the edge region can be found generally. Fig. 2b) shows the directions of each ray relative to the symmetrical axis at the exit of the problem region.
Conclusion The electrode shape for the injection gun of the JAERI free electron
laser is determined by using the electron trajectory calculation program. The required condition for the injection gun is satisfied if the small cathode is used. The higher anode voltage is preferred to get the smaller emittance at the exit. The maximum beam current available from the current geometry is less than 200 mA. The variation of the potential of focusing electrode can change the exit beam size.
References 1) J.S. Fraser, R.L. Sheffield and E.R. Gray, Nucl. Instr. and Methds A250 (1986) 71. 2) W.B. Herrmannsfeldt, SLAC 226 (1979). 3) R. Becker, Nucl. Instrum. & Methods 187 (1981) 255.
* This work is presented at the 13th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan (Sep. 7-9, 1989, Tsukuba).
-37-
J A E R 1 -~1 89-1 1 9
small in the high current condition. The limit of the total current to
preserve the good qua]ity in the designed injection gun is about 200 mA.
By variation of the potential of the focusing electrode the extracted
beam slze can be changed， e.g. 5.8 mm radius becomes 5.5 mm when -50 V Is
applied. In Fig.l the typica] beam trajectory and equipotential lines are
given. The horizontal axis is the symm巴trical axis of the gun and the
vertical axis shows the radial distance. The shape of the focusing
electrode on the left hand side has a curve with sma]l curvature whereas
the shape of the anode side has a larger convex curvatur巴目 The filled
area near the symmetrical axis shows the beam trajectory from the virtu砧I
cathode. In fig. 2a)， the normalized current density at each radial poiltt
is plotted. A peak at the edge region can be found generally. Fig. 2b)
shows th巴 directions of each ray relative to the symmetrical axis at the
exit of the problem reg10n.
Conclusion
The electrode shape for the injection gun of the JAERI free electron
laser is determined by using the electron trajectory calculatlon program.
The required condit ion for th日 injection gun is satisfied if the 5mall
cathode Is used. The hlgher anode voltage is preferred to g巴tthe smaller
emit tance at the exit. The maximum beam current avai Jable from the
current geometry is less than 200 mA. The variation of the potential of
focusing e]ectrode can change the exit beam size.
References
1) J.S. Fraser， R.L目 Sheffleldand E.R. Gray， Nucl目 Instr. and Methds A250
(1986) 71.
2) W.B. Herrmannsfeldt， SLAC 226 (1979).
3) R. Becker， Nucl. Instrum. & Methodsよ盆1 (1981) 255.
* This work 1s presented at the 13th Linear Accelerator Meeting 1n Japan
(Sep. 7-9， 1989， Tsukuba)
作
tqd
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 19
J - I -i
i 35,
I I
3C
4
n I 40 I
I
' ;3 ' 20 ! ' 3C' U0 ' 50 i n j e c t i o n gun f o r JAER (cathode diameter=4. ICCmA)
60 70 80 Free Electron
90 100 Laser
Fig. 1 Shape of the problem region boundary and the equi-potential lines for the cathode with 4mm diam and 100 mA peak current. The filled area near axis shows the beam trajectories from the virtual cathode. Unit is shown in mm.
« a j r
• V , (b)
"§ - 3 -
> a x Q. a -s
0 .1.2.3 injection gun for JAERI Free Electron
_1 1 -J 1 U. 4 .5 .6 Laser
(cathode diameter=4, 100mA)
Fig. 2 a) Normalized current density as a function of radial point. b) Tangential direction of each simulated trajectory. Unit of horizontal axes shown in mm.
-38
J A E R 1 -;"1 8 9 -1 1 9
::
5r:;:iii111 1 =i喜望...ー←」ι斗二一
ゴ:2C! I 3c 1 1 4C I 50 I 6口市民自己 100 : ~ロ~n~ection gun for JAER: ~ree Electron Laser
Ccathode diameterm 4. lCCmA)
Shape of th巴 problemregion boundary and the equi-potential lines Fig.
The filled area near for the cathode with 4mm diam and 100 mA peak current.
Uni t 1s shown in axis shows the beam trajectories from the virtuaJ cathode.
mm.
J¥" ¥
.'、F
(b) Cd)
~ -") 。....
1ヨ -3/ど h
.... -.，:'
E 6:' ~ー5'
L
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シ/ >
20ν l! -; ~ 0..
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:lL-Jー---L_L-_""!ー....J._J-....1.ームー」 ロ ー日L..ー」一一'--'---L.ー.L.-.Lー1-.....1
C .1.2.3.4.5.日.，日 .9 O.I.2.3.4.5.e.7 自 .Q
injection gun for JAERI ~ree Electron Laser Ccロthod巴 diameter=4.lOOmA)
自己 :
入以同羽
ZG{]dzgLLコじ℃印N
H
H
ロELGZ
a) Normalized current density as a function of radial point. 2 Fig.
horizontal of Unit trajectory， simulated
-38-
each direction of
axes shown in mm.
Tangential b)
J A E R I - M 89-119
1.10 SPACE CHARGE EFFECTS ON BUNCHED BEAM
Masaru SAWAMURA
Department of P h y s i c s , JAERI
A b s t r a c t
Beam dynamics calculation has been carried out on the bunched electron beam both in longitudinal and transverse direction through the injection system of the linac for the free electron laser. In order to get high beam quality for FEL oscillation, in case of high beam current, it is found that the energy selection is required before pre-acce^erator.
Introduct ion High beam quality, energy resolution and brightness, is definitely
required for fret- el citron laser (FEL) oscillation. It is necessary to make the phase Mpreaii narrow to get low LTHI^V spread through the RF linac. When we want to achieve L i i;h pe :k lurrent. .--pare charye effects are unavoidable. The space charge forces aflect the b< .:"! en: \ ll:>:ire and phase spread badly. The lunyitudinal am! transverse space charge effects are calculated.
Longi tud i na I hunch 1ng The outline .,f JAi-Rl l-'KI. linac is described elsewhere.1-'1 The 84.7MHz-
sub-harmonic buncher (SUB) and the 508Mflz-buncher are located following the electron gun which emits the beam of 2'JOkeV and 4ns w.dth. In case of no space charge effects it is possible to bunch the beam to less than a few tens-pico-seconds by stationing each element properly and by adjusting the RF phases and the amplitudes of the power. Table 1 shows the phase and energy spreads for several cases of the SHB voltage. As the SHB gap voltage increases, the drift length decreases while the energy spread increases. In order to bunch the beam, the velocity of the beam should be modulated, namely, the preceding beam is decelerated and the following beam are accelerated, and the velocity modulation causes the bunching after a certain drift length.
According to Table 1 the RF phase of the SHB corresponds to the bunching phase. On the other hand, the phase of the buncher corresponds to the debunching phase. This means that the buncher acts as a debuncher. The
- 3 9 -
]AERI-M 89・119
1.10 SPACE CHARGE EFFECTS ON BUNCHED BEfu~
ト1asaruSA¥¥AMURA
Department of Physics， JAER1
Abstract
Beam dvnamics calculation has been carried out on the bunched electron
beam both in 10ng工tudュna1and transverse direction through the injection
system of the 1工nacfor the free e1ectron 1aser. 1n 0τder to get high beam
quality for FEL oscillation， in case of high beam current，工tis found that
the energy selecti，)D is required before pre-acce2erator.
Introduction
High lJl' ~lm ljll:11 it¥'， energ¥' rcsollltion and brightness， is definitむ1y
requirι~d iυr frl't' ド1七十 tr"<1 LJser (FEU "討ci 1 1 il t iリn. It is ne仁essaryto make
the philSむと千rt:dd 1/:1rr，内 lU gt't lOh じ11t r l.: ¥ 叩!L'・I<I th:'lllé~h the RF linac. ¥.ihen
¥-;e ¥Vdllt tリ Jじhipv(> Ll'.:~! Pf'lk !..~lrrl'llL. 、、;，;\f'P ChclT己Cl'ffects are llnavoidable.
The ~p:lιL' LttιIrgl'ふ Jrll'S ;!f! c'C ." :1e b( 、し\'~，， !lL!:IC l'll1 J phase spread badly.
The 1， 'Jl日 ilud i nal ，:I，'! t: ，)fl討¥'(，lごい日Iほしむ !lltメt' l.'ifect己 arecalculat巴d.
I"on只it.lld i na L bllnCfJ i Ilg 1 ) '1 hL' けuII i !1l' ハ 1.-¥:;':[ FEI. 1il1:1仁 1S けい討cr i bcd clspwl1l're. 1) The 84. ì~lHz-
sub-har~u l1 ic bun仁l!.'1' (ιIIH) ‘1111: t.he S08~lflz-bun 仁 fwr are 1リcated following the
elcctrけn F!ll口 ¥"n1仁h('I:li ~S L!](、 beamof :2うOkeVand 4ns W.dLh. 1n case of no
spaじF しhargl'effl.'c:，' i L i日 pu日sibleto bunch the beam to less than a few
tens-pi c o-sE'cond，c; t;¥'円t日tionjl1geach elcment properly and by adjusting the
RF phリses and the :ln;p1itudcs of the power. Table 1 shows the phase and
energy spreads for several cases of the SHB voltage. As the SHB gap voltage
increases， the drift len旦thdecreases while the energy spread increases. 1n
order to bunch the beam， thc vclocity of the beam should be modu1ated，
namely， the preceding beam is decelerated and the fりllowingbeam are
accelerated， and thc velocity rnodulatjon causes the hllnching after a
certain drift length.
According to Table the RF phase of the SHB cnrresponds to the
bunching phase. vn the other hand， the phase of the buncher corresponds to
the debunching phase. This rneans that the buncher acts as a debuncher. The
門官q
d
J A E R I - M 89-119
sine curve of the SHB RF field can not linearly modulate the beam velocity. By adding the debunching effect of the buncher, almost linear velocity modulation can be achieved.
As the beam is being bunched, the current density becomes high and space charge forces affect each particle more strongly. These space charge forces cause the debunching effects of the beam, because the preceding part of the beam is accelerated and the following part of the beam is decelerated by the space charge fcrces. Fig.l shows the bunch length aberrations from the bunch length of no space charge beam as a function of the drift length from the SHB. As the drift length becomes long, the interaction duration of the space charge forces becomes long and the bunch length aberration becomes large. According to Table 1 the long drift length (low SHB voltage) has the advantage of the low energy spread and has the disadvantage of large phase spread.
Fig.2 shows the bunch length aberration in the cases of the different position from the longitudinal center of the beam. As the particles are far from the center of the beam, the bunch length aberration becomes large and the beam spreads widely. In order to keep the energy spread minimum and not to spill the beam, the phase spread should be limited desirably less than about 9 degrees for the main accelerator frequency, so the energy selection is necessary to cut the tail of the beam and to get the small phase spread just before the pre-accelerator.
Transverse focusing Solenoid coils are located along the beam line to focus the electron
beam transversely. At just the downstream of the SHB the current is about 100mA and at just the upstream of the pre-accelerator it is about 10A. As the current density becomes high, the defocusing force by the space charge becomes strong. Strong focus strength is necessary to keep low transverse emittance.
A simple model of cylindrical beam are considered, where current density is assumed as reverse proportional to the bunch length and uniformly distributed in the volume. Fig.3(a) shows the beam radius as a function of the drift length through the uniform solenoid field. At the end of the drift space the bunch length is so short and the defocusing forces by the space charge forces are so high that the stronger focusing forces are necessary to keep low transverse emittance as shown in Fig.3(b).
-40-
]AER I-M 89・119
sine curve of the SHB RF fie1d can not 1inearly modu1ate the beam ve10ci ty.
By adding the debunching effect of the buncher， a1most 1inear ve10city
modu1ation can be achieved.
As the beam is being bunched， the current density becomes high and
space charge forces affect each partic1e more strong1y. These space charge
forces cause the debunching effects of the beam， because the preceding part
of the beam is acce1erated dnd the fo11owing part of the beam is
dece1erated by the space charge fcrces. Fig.l shows the bunch 1ength
aberrations from thεbunch 1ength of no space charge beam as a function of
the drift 1ength from the SHB. As the drjft length becomes 10ng， the
interaction durat工onof the space charge forces becomes 10ng and the bunch
length aberration becomes 1arge. According to Tab1e 1 the 10ng drift 1ength
(low SHB vo1tage) has the advantage of the low enprgy spread and has thc
disadvantage of large phase spread.
Fig.2 shows the bunch 1ength aberration in thむ仁asesof the different
position from the longitudinal center of the beδm. As the parti仁lesare far
from the center of the beam， the bunch 1ength aberrJtjon becomes large and
the beam spreads widely. In order to keep the energy spread m工nimumand not
lo spill the beam， the phase spread sl!ould be limited desirably less than
about 9 degrees for the main accelerator frequency， 50 the energy se1ection
i5 neccssary to cut the t3il of the beam and to get the sma1l phase spread
just hcfure the pre-accelerator.
Transverse focusing
Solenoid co工Isare located along the beam line to focus the electron
beam transversely. At just the downstream of the SHB lhc current is ahout
lOOmA and at jU5t the upstream of the pre-acce1erator it is about lOA. As
the current density be亡omeshigh， the defocusing force by the space charge
becomes strong. Strong focus strength is necessary to keep 10w transverse
emittance.
A simple mode1 of cylindrica1 beam are considered， where current
density is assumed as reverse proportiona1 to the bunch length and
uniform1y distrihuted in the vo1ume. Fig.3(a) shows the heam radius as a
function of the drift 1ength through the uniform su1enoid field. At the end
of the drift space the bunch 1ength is so short and the defocusing forces
by the space charge forces are so high that the stronger focusing forces
are necessary to keep 10w transverse emittance as shown in Fig.3(b).
-40 -
J A E R I - M 89-119
Reference 1) M.Ohkubo et al.: in this Annual Report
Table 1 Achievable longitudinal phase space using SHB and buncher in the case of no space charge effects.
Longitudinal phase space (OinA)
(kV) 4>SUB (<icg)
*bunchcr (kV)
'Pbimchcr
(•-leg) A</>
(J«s) AW
(keV) Drift length
40 -14.5 5.0 174.5 1.7 08.9 11.3
50 -16.7 0.5 175.6 2.2 85 0 8.9
60 -20.8 7.5 172.6 2.5 100.7 7.2
V't,-l.,v-250kV Al--4nsfc
.0 2 0 3.0 *
Fig.l Bunch length aberration by space charge effects from bunch length with no space
5^7.0 9.o 9.0 IO.O n.o 12.0 charge as a function of drift length in case of 7m, 9m and
\ N \ 11m bunching drift length.
-41 -
]AERI-M 89-119
Reference
1 )門.Ohkuboet al.: in this Annual Report
SHB Table 1 Achievable longitudinal phase s~ace
and buncher in the cas巴 ofno space chargeビffects.
uSlng
LOllgitudinal phase space (OmA)
VSUD ゆSJJB Vbunch。 øftund1~r ム世 ム、v Drift lenglh I (kV) (deg) (kV) (Jeg) (Jeg) (keV) (111)
40 -14.5 5.0 174.5 1.7 68.~ 11.3
50 ー16.7 6.5 175.6 勺.・2 850 8.9
60 -20.8 7.5 172.6 7.2
V(n:， ... ， ~~50kV ム t ~. -111出、c
ノ/
/ /
//ノ/
'...'.J肝4
from
n
o
守ム↑し内
dγA r
S
e
t
h
u
C
a
e
n-ヤム
t
n
H
F令ム
t
c
cb
I
C
--n L
I
HU
RU
space
drift
9m and
D r 1ft I eng th (・}
~ 7.0 9.0 0.0 10.0 11.0 'Z.O charge as a function of
length in case of 7m.
11m bunching drift length.
no with
トig.l
b¥' spにlce，-hilrge
bunch length
-凋斗
¥¥
¥
:ー「ilifeFillip-i
刀
日
刀
目
。
日
叩
叩
∞
J
T
1
コ
ョ
。
1
l
z
(SJW)ca--e」」
aAeZFac@一
二uζ
コ囚
JAER I-M 89-119
o o.
5-0.25 m
5-0.50 c 3
m -0.75 j"
100««
0.7
P r i f i l«no lh ( • )
0.9
Fig.2 Bunch length aberration by space charge effects from bunch length with no space charge as a function of drift
-0.7 length in case of different -0.8
positions from longitudinal -0.9 center of beam.
3.00 4.00 Dri fI I e n g t h ( n )
(a)
4 00 lOOnfl
3 .00 • •
e c
""" / 3
Bean i . x 1.00
F i e l d
3.00 4.00 S. 00 D r i f t l e n g t h (m)
• 450. oo "
150.00 o
7.00
Fig.3 Beam radius through drift space in case of 7m focus length (a) with uniform solenoid field and (b) with strong solenoid field at the end of drift space.
(b)
- 4 2 -
jAER I-M 89・119
0.9 1.00
aberration -n ト
Loo
n
e
1
&
h
↑・』
・hH
O
D
c
n
n
e
e
u
C
司
i
B
a
D‘
勺
4
S
'
n
.
C
E
n
--vdu
hド
&
L
U
L
U
100掴向
charge effects from
with space
as a function of drift
no
different
longitudinal from
center of beam.
of case
-0.9
O.~
-「(
回
目
。
自
由
市
開
0
0
3
3
}
-
【
C
C
O
I
--u}co--et-aefト
C2zrC3E
，
charge
length in
posltlons
ロ8
日?
孟2.0 1.0
(a)
E∞.00
旬
450. 00 ~ m tコ}
3∞.00 司
。c @
150.00 O 的
100閣内
8eall
3.00 A
e s d
C:I :.00 r つ l
E | ー100 i
ロロ
‘00
F，eICl
ロー7.00 6.00 ~. 00 3.00 '.00
Orift JenQth (m) ご口口口
(b)
6α).00
。4m.0E3 ・o(!) 、，
3α).00 司
o c @
150.00 。If)
100B向
Beem
'.00
3.00 e g d
<Jl 2.00 コu e X 1.00
Field
D 7.00
length
and (b) with strong solenoid
6.00
Fig.3 Beam radius through drift space in case of 7m focus
(a) with uniform solenoid field
~. 0口'.00 lenQth (m)
3.00 Or i f t
Z.O日1.00 日
目
-42-
field at the end of drift space.
J A E R I - M 89-119
1.11 HIGHER BRIGHTNESS INJECTOR:SURVEY ON PHOTOCATHODE INJECTOR DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Jun SASABE
Department of Physics, JAERI
Developmental status is surveyed on the higher brightness and higher energy resolution injectors with photocathodes for free-electron-laser (FEL) drivers. Design consideration is preliminarily undertaken for further improvement of the beam characteristics of the presently planned RF-linac (Phase-I) to the next stage of the FEL's R&D.
1. Introduction An injector system and superconducting linear accelerators are now under
construction in JAERI as the first stage (Phase-I) of the FEL' R&D.1) At present stage, as an electron emitter of the injector system, a thermal cathode (dispenser cathode) with rather high voltage (300kV) is adopted. In the second stage (Phase-II), an RF-or high voltage gun with photocathode is planned to get the high brightness and high energy resolution beam. The optical gain of FEL is proportional to the brightness of the beam, so higher
brightness injector is necessary. The brightness Bn can be expressed as following Bn=I/<en>2 [A/(m»-rad»)] Here I is peak current and 6n is beam emittance. '
In order to get the high brightness beam, the emmitter with high current density and low emittance are required.
As an electron cathode of the linac injector, thermionic cathode (e.g.,oxide-, dispenser-, and LaBe-cathode, see Table 1) has been used for a long time. Thermionic cathodes are generally limited in the emission current density (typically, several ten A/cm2). It is, therefore, necessary to compress (bunch) the beam longitudinally in use of the thermionic cathode for high brightness. For the purpose of the beam longitudinal bunching, sub-harmonic-bunchers and bunchers are required, associated long drift space causes the degeneration of emittance and energy spread of the beam (aseveral tens keV) unavoidably , because of the space charge.
Photocathodes have been widely used in TV cameras or photo multipliers Their
- 4 3 -
]AERI-M 89-119
1.11 IDGHER BRIGHTNESS INJECTOR:SURVEY ON
PHOTOCATHODE INJECTOR DEVELOPMENT
AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN CONSIDERATION
* Jun SASABE
Department of Physics， JAERI
Developmental status is surveyed on the higher brightness and higher energy
resolution injectors with photocathodes for free-electron-Iaser (FEL) drivers. Design
consideration is preliminarily undertak羽 forfurther improvement of the beam
characteristics of the presently planned RF-linac (Phase-I) to the next stage of the
FEL's R&D.
1. Introduction
An injector system and superconuucting Iinear accelerators are now under
construction in J A ERI as the first stage (Phase-I) of the FE1' R&D.1)
At present stage， as an electron emitter of the injector system， a thermal cathode
(dispenser cathode) with rather high voltage (300kV) is adopted.
In the second stage (Phase-II)， an RF-or high voltage gun with photocathode is
planned to get the high brightness and high energy resolution beam.
The optical gain of FEL is proportional to the brightness of the beam， so higher brightness injector is necessary. The brightness Bn can be expressed as fol1owing
Bn=Ijく印>2 [Aj(m2・rad2)]
Here 1 is peak current and En is beam emitもance.2)
In order to get the high brightness beam， the emmitter with high current density and low emittance are required.
As an electron cathode of the linac injector， thermionic cathode (e.g.，oxid←，
dispenser-， and LaB6~athode， see Table 1) h凶 beenused for a long time. Thermionic
cathodes are gene凶 lylimited in the emission current density (typically， several ten Ajcm2). It is， therefore， necessary to compress (bunch) the beam Iongitudinally in use
of the thermionic cathode for high brightness. For the purpose of the beam longitudinal
bunching， sub-harmonic-bunchers and bunchers are required， associated long drift spa閃 causesthe degeneration of emittance and energy sp陀 adof the beam (~several
tens keV) unavoidably ， because of the space char伊・
Photocathodes have been widely used in TV cameras or photo multipliers Their
qd
細川守
J A E R I - M 89-119
development in these Gelds are not intended to use as high current electron emitter. The study of photocathodes for use of high current source has recently progressed, mainly in USA (e.g., LASER TRON). As high current density and high brightness, 600(A/cm2) and 107(A/cm3-rad2) have been achieved respectively by LANL group. ^ As electrons are emitted from the photocathode only during the laser pulse duration, no compression system is necessary, and then low emittance and low energy spread beam can be obtained.
2. Developmental Status of Photocathode Injectors The developmental status of photocathode injectors for FELs in advancing
laboratories are listed in Table 2. As the photocathode material, a semiconductor photoemitter Cs3Sb has mainly chosen, because of it's capability of high current
2—3) density. 'Another semiconductor GaAs which has higher quantum efficiency is now being investigated, however, it has not demonstrated so high current density. Table 3 shows the comparison of GaAs with Cs3Sb. Because of the small optical absorption, the thickness of the GaAs layer has become thick to get enough current, so that it is difficult to get the short pulse beam. On the other hand, the transverse energy spread of GaAs is very low at the wavelength very close to the material threshold(AE<0.1(eV) is possible), so higher brightness beam can be obtained. ' Further investigation of this material is expected.
Also another semiconductor or metal photoemitter is now being investigated. Recently, to get the higher quantum efficiency from the metallic cathode, France's group has proposed a method using two laser lights to lower the work function of the cathode. '
3. Preliminary Design Consideration The specification of our photo cathode injector system is tentatively summilized
in Table 4 and design schematics is b.iown in Fig 1. 'The photo-emmited electrons are rapidly accelerated with high DC voltage («300kV) to keep the original emittance value. Higher voltage can well prevent emittance from growing. The injector system consists of a preparation chamber of the cathode, a laser system (mode-locked YAG laser with KD P crystal), and a high voltage power supply. In the preparation chamber, Cs and Sb in different vessels are vaporized and deposited on the surbstrate, monitoring the thickness of the depositing layer. The deposited surbstrate is then moved to the position in the hole of Wehnelt electrode. Since the vapor pressure of Cs is high, the thermal effect due to the high average laser power vaporizes Cs atoms on the cathode severely. A cooling system is necessary to avoid
- 4 4 -
jAERI-M 89・ 119
development in these fields are not intended to use as high current electron emitter.
The study of photocathodes for use of lugh current source has recently progressed， mairuy in USA (e.g.， LASER TRON). As high current density and high brightness，
600(Ajcm2) and 107(Ajcm2.rad2) have been achie.ved respectively by LANL group.3)
As electrons are emi t ted from the photocathode only during the laser pulse duration， no compression system is necessary， and then low emittance and low energy spread
beam can be obtained.
2. DeveJovmental Statu8 of Photocatbode In恥 tor8
The developmental status of photocathode injectors for FELs in advancing
laboratories are listed in Table 2. As the photocathode materia1， a semiconductor
photoemitter Cs3Sb has mainly chosen， because of it's capability of high current 2-3)
density....-"/ Another semiconductor GaAs which has higher quantum efficiency is now
being investigated， however， it has not demonstrated so high current density. Table 3 shows the comparison of GaAs wi th Cs 3Sb. Because of the small optical
absorption， the thickness of the GaAs layer has l:>ecome thick to get enough current， so
that it is difficult to get the short pulse beam. On the other hand， the transverse
energy spread of GaAs is very low at the wavelength very close to the material
threshold(日 <O.l(eV)is possible)， so higher brightness beam can be obtained.4)
Further investigation of this material is expected.
Also another semiconductor or metal photoemitter is now being investigated.
Recently， to get the higher quantum efficiency from the metallic cathode， France's group has proposed a method using two laser lights to lower the work function of the
cathode. 5)
3. Prelimina.rv D四 irnConsideration
The specification of our photo cathode injector system is tentatively summilized
in Table 4 and design山 maticsisぃownin Fig 1.6)The photo-emmited electrons are
rapid1y accelerated with high DC voltage (:::300kV) to keep山eoriginal emittance
value. Higher voltage can well prevent emittance from growing.
The injector system consists of a preparation chamber of the cathode， a laser sy8tem ホ
(mod←locked Y AG laser with KD P crystal)， and a high voltage power supply
In the preparation chamber， Cs and Sb in different vessels are vaporized and dep08ited on the surbstrate， monitoring the thickness of the depositing layer. The deposited surbstrate is then moved to the position in the hole of Wehnelt electrode. Since the
vapor pressure of Cs is lugh， the thermal effect due to the lugh average laser power vaporizes Cs atoms on the cathode severely. A cooling system is necessary to avoid
-44-
J A E R I - M 89-119
this influence. ' In the laser system, the mode-locked YAG Laser oscillates at 1064nm, and the fundamental is doubled in KD P crystal to 532nm. Pulse-to-pulse duration time is controlled by optical delay system. Laser and RF system must be synchronized. A vapor deposition experiment is firstly by monitoring the quantum efficiency and residual gas species. Secondly, the mesurement of current density and beam emittance and energy spread will be made.
The physics of photo materials is not solved entirely and the technology to gain enough current from the photo material has not been established yet. In order to get higher brightness beam and to use it practically, the key points are: "How can we lower the work function of the photo materials?" and "How can we improve the life time of the cathode?"
References *On leave from Hamamatsu Photonics Inc. l)M.Ohkubo et al., "LINAC FOR A FREE ELECTRON LASER
OSCILLATOR" Proc. 1988 THE 13th LINEAR ACCELERATOR MEETING IN JAPAN
2)J.S.Fraser,R.L.Sheffield and E.R.Gray,"A HIGH-BRIGHTNESS ELECTRON INJECTOR FOR FREE-ELECTRON LASERS DRIVEN RFLINACS" Los Alamos National Laboratory, document LA_UR-85-3176
3)J.S.Fraser, R.L.Sheffield, E.R.Gray, P.M.Giles, R.W.Springer, and V.A.Loebs, Proc. 1987 Part.Accel.Conf., Washington,D.C., March 16-19,1987.
4)Peter.E.Oettinger, Ruth.E.Shefer, Dan.L.Birx and Michael.C.Green "PHOTOELECTRON SOURCES: SELECTION AND ANALYSIS" Proc. 1936. 8th FEL Conference
5)R.Dei-Cas et al., "PHOTO-INJECTOR,ACCELERATOR CHAIN AND WIGGLER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR A HIGH PEAK RF-FREE ELECTRON LASER" Proc. 1988 10th FEL Conference
6)G.A.Lowe, R.H.Miller and C.K.Sinclair "THE SLAC LOW EMITTANCE ACCELERATOR TEST FACILITY", Proc. 1986 Linac Conference in USA.
- 4 5 -
]AERI-M 89-119
this influence.4)
In the laser system， the mod←locked Y AG Laser oscil1ates at 1064nm， and the * fundamental is doubled in KD P crystal to 532nm. Pulse-to-pulse duration time is
controlled by optical delay system. Laser and RF system must be synchronized.
A vapor deposition experiment is first1y by monitoring the quantum efficiency and
residual gas species. Secondly， the mesurement of current density and beam emittance
and energy spread will be made.
The physics of photo materials is not solved entirely and the technology to gain
enough current from the photo material has not been established yet. In order to get
higher brightness beam and to use it practically， the key points are: "How can we
lowerはlework function of the photo materials?" and "How can we improve the 1ife
time of the cathode?"
References
本Onleave from Hamamatsu Photonics Inc.
l)M.Ohk山 oet al.， "LIN AC FOR A FREE ELECTRON LASER
OSCILLATOR" Proc. 1988 THE 13th LINEAR ACCELERATOR MEETING
INJAPAN
2)J.S.Fraser，R.L.Sheffield and E.R.Gray， "A HIGH-BRIGHTNESS ELECTRON
INJECTOR FOR FREE-ELECTRON LASERS DRIVEN RFLINACS"
Los Alamos National Laboratory， document LA_ UR-85-3176
3)J.S.Fraser， R.L.Sheffield， E.R.Gray， P.M.Giles， R.W.Springer， and
V.A.Loebs， Proc. 1987 Part.Accel.Conf.， Washington，D.C.， March
16-19，1987.
4)Peter.E.Oettinger， Ruth.E.Shefer， Dan.L.Birx and Michael.C.Green
"PHOTOELECTRON SOURCES: SELECTION AND ANALYSIS"
Proc. 1936. 8th FEL Conference
5)R.Dei-Cas et al.， "PHOTO-INJECTOR，ACCELERATOR CHAIN AND
WIGGLER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR A HIGH PEAK RF-FREE
ELECTRON LASER" Proc. 1988 10th FEL Conference
6)G.A.Lowe， R.H.Miller and C.K.Sinclair ffTHE SLAC LOW EMITTANCE
ACCELERATOR TEST FACILITyt¥Proc. 1986 Linac Conference in USA.
EU
Aq
JAER I-M 89-1 19
Table 1
Cathode
Oxide
Dispenser
LaB 3
Summary of Typical Thermal Cathode Characteristics
Peak J .Area Temprature Operational Work (A/cm :) (cm J) (°K) Pressure(torr) Function(eV)
20
10
40
<1000
<500
800-1100
1100-1400
1400-1800
<10" 7
<3xl0" r
1.0-1.2
1.8-2.0
•) 7
Table 2 The Developmental Status of Photocathode Injectors
Laboratory Emmiter Current Emittance Energy (MeV)
Bunch. (A/cm3) (mm-mrad)
Energy (MeV) (ps)
LANL(USA) Cs3Sb 600 5—10 1.0 60-70 (now 15)
SLAC(USA) GaAs ISO 1000 BNL(USA) Yttrium 100 A 3- 3 4.65 3-o
or Cs3Sb LBLTSA) Cs3Sb 760 0.56 4.1 15 (planned) Gesamthoch-zciiule 200 A 2.0 5-10 (planned) Cs3Sb CEA(FRN) CS3Sb 200-500 1.0-1.5 50-100 (planned)
Table 3 The Comparison of GaAs and Cs 3 Sb
Quan tum EfSaency
Thickness of Layer
Optical Absorption
Response
Operational Pressure
Table 4 Specification
Photocathode material Photocathode gun voltage Incident light
wavelength pulse width
Cathode Area Current density AE/E(after gun)
GaAs
1-10%
Ihick (=l/£m)
small
slow
10-'-°(torr)
Cs 3S
1-3%
thin (several hundred A) large
fast
<10" s ( torr )
Vapor Depooticn Monitor
Residual G u Analyser
Cooling Syttem CsSb
Cs 3 Sb 300k V
532am 10—30ps l c m J
200A/cm2 0.5%
Super Conducting Accelerator
!§-* [O ru
Ion Pmnp
Spectrometer
! RFSTttem
Synchronizer
^~ LaserSyttem
Pig.l Design Schematics of Photocathode Injector
- 4 6 -
J .-¥ E R 1 -~1 89 -1 1 9
Cathode
Table 1 Summary of Typical Thermal Cathode Characteristics
Peak J Area Temprature Op訂以ional Work (λ/C:Jl') (叩.l) (OK) Pressure( torr) Function( eV)
。氾de 20 < 1000 800-1100 く 10-1 1.0-1.2
La.B6
Dispenser :0 <500 1100-1400
n ~
“・ 6
く3x10ー7 1.8-2.0
40 1400-1800
Table 2 The Developm田 talStatus of Photocathode Injectors
Laboratorv Em血 lter Current Ernitta.nce 部設f Bu且ch.(A/cml) (mm・即日) (ps)
LANL(USA) Cs3Sb 600 5-10 1.0 60ー70(now 15)
5BLFJALC(U(US SA)GLU 180 1000 A) Y山田 100A 3-6 4.65 3-5
or CO3Sb LB1(1.;5A) Cs3Sb 76，J 0.56 4.l 15
(GpE lu旦ed)日 mthoc.h.zchule ~OOA ~.O 5-10
(CpEluA(nFeRd) N1 Cs1Sb CS3Sb 20ふる00 1.0-1.5 50-100
(pl叫 旦ea)
Quロ turnE伍ce!1cy
Thickness oi La:..er
Optical A bsorption
Response
Op訂正tionalPressure
Table 4 Specification
Photocathode material Photocathode gun '..o!tage Incident lie:ht
wavelength pulse width
Cathode Area Current densitv tiEjE( after gu且)
Table 3 The Comparison of GaAs a.nd Cs3Sb
Ga.As Cs3S
1 内町ー-..)1'0 川
dmd
一M引
-m
thin (sever乱 hundredA) large
fast slow
:0 'lO( to同 く:0吋torr)
Va回rDepo..uan Mo田町
Cs1Sb 300kV じコ532n民
1O-30ps 1cm1
200A/cm2
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Sp回同盟国E
Fig.l D田 gnSch自国民司。fPho'oc.1.thod. In戸口or
no Am守
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
1.12 CONSTRUCTION OF A COMPACT ELECTRON STORAGE RING, JSR
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION RESEARCH LABORATORY and LINAC TEAM
Department of Physics , JAERI
Abstract A compact e l e c t r o n s t o r a g e r i n g (JSR) was completed i n March, 1989 i n
o r d e r t o s tudy some a c c e l e r a t o r t e c h n o l o g i e s r e l a t e d t o t h e RSD aiming a t t h e
h i g h - b r i l l i a n t s y n c h r o t r o n r a d i a t i o n f a c i l i t y ( 8 G e V ) . The JSR l a t t i c e has a
Chasman-Green l a t t i c e wi th t h r e e 1.5m long d i s p e r s i o n f r e e s t r a i g h t s e c t i o n s .
One of t h r e e s t r a i g h t s e c t i o n s i s p rov ided for the s tudy of i n s e r t i o n d e v i c e .
The c i r c u m f e r e n c e of JSR i s 20.546m. The e l e c t r o n beam a r e fed by t h e l i n a c
a t 150MeV and t h e i r energy i s ramped slowly up t o 300MeV i n the r i n g . The power
s u p p l i e s of a l l magnets and RF-system a r e c o n t r o l l e d t h rough o p t i c a l f i b e r
l i n k s by t h e r e a l t ime computer sys tem
s t o r e d i n t h e same computer so as t o
s i m p l i f y t h e p r o c e d u r e s of d i a g n o s t i c s
and c o n t r o l s .
We s t a r t e d t h e e x p e r i m e n t s of
e l e c t r o n beam i n j e c t i o n for JSR on May
25, 1989, and succeeded t o obse rve t h e
s y n c h r o t r o n r a d i a t i o n on May 31 , 1989.
1. INTRODUCTION
Three b ig p r o j e c t s of synchro t ron
r a d i a t i o n f a c i l i t y of t h e next g e n e r a
t i o n in t h e world a r e a lmost s i m u l t a n e
o u s l y i n p r o g r e s s : 8GeV in J apan , 7GeV
APS ANL and 6GeV ESRF ILL. The d e s i g n
s tudy on the b i g f a c i l i t y i s e f f e c t i v e l y
f a c i l i t a t e d t h e t echnology accumula t ion
t h r u t h e expe r i ences of the c o n s t r u c t i o n
and o p e r a t i o n of t h e small s t o r age r i n g s
J S R 1 ) , 2 ) . The aim of JSR i s t o s t u d y
va r ious kind of a c c e l e r a t o r t e chno log i e s
as wel l as t o examine the new ideas such
The s i g n a l s from beam m o n i t o r s a r e
T a b l e 1 Main P a r a m e t e r s of JSR.
S t o r e d e n e r g y 300MeV
(I.-, j c c t i o n o; iergy) 150MeV)
C i r c u m f e r e n c e 20.546m
Average r a d i u s 3.27m
R e v o l u t i o n t i m e 6 8 . 5 n s o c
A v a i l a b l e s t r a i g h t s e c t i o n i . 45m
Number of" b e n d i n g m a g n e t s 6m
S t r e n g t h ?i q u a o r u p o l e f i e l d 6.8m" !
4.1m" 2
Natural emittance Natural chromaticity
Damping time constant
Momentum compaction factor Energy loss per turn RF frequency Harmonic number Peak voltage Synchronous phase RF power Natural bunch length Tousehek lifetime
-5.6nT!
1. lxlO'lnrad -1.81 -4.54 2.25 1.25 58msec 48msec 22msec 0.044 0.86keV/turn 116.7MHz 8 30kV 8.8degree 2kW 16mm 2hours
- 4 7 -
JAERI-M 89-119
1.12 CONSTRUCTION OF A COMPACT ELECTRON STORAGE RING， JSR
SYNCHROTRON RADIATION RESEARCH LABORATORY and LINAC TEAM
Department of Physics ， JAERI
Abstract
A compact electron storage ring (JSR) was completed in March， 1989 in
order to study some accelerator technologies related to the R&D aiming at the
high-brilliant synchrotron radiation facility(8GeV). The JSR lattice has a
Chasman-Green lattice with three 1.5m long dispersion free straight sections.
One of three straight sections is provided for the study of insertion device.
The cェrcumferenceof JSR is 20.546m. The electron beam are fed by the linac
at 150MeV and their energy is ra町~ed slowly up to 300MeV in the ring. The power
supplies of aユ1magnets and RF-system are controlled through optical fiber
links by the 工eal time computer system. The signals from beam monitors are
stored in the same computer SO as to
simplify the procedures of diagnostics
and controls.
We sヒarted the experiments of
electron beam injection for JSR on May
25， 1989， and sucごeeded to observe the
Stored energy
Table 1 Main Parameters of JSR.
(;π~cct i. on e;~ergy)
Ci::-curnference
300MeV
150MeV)
20.546m
t¥verage radius 3.27m
Revolution time 68.5ns0c
Available straighヒ section 1.45m
Number O~ bendin.q magnets 6m
synchrotron radiation on May 31， 1989. S~r" c. qt~ 【C;l. aar~pole field 6.8m-2
4.1m-2
1. INTRODUCTION Natural emittance
Three big projects of synchrotron Natural chromaticity x
radiation facility of the next genera- Y
tion in the world are almost simultane-
ously in progress: 8GeV in Japan， 7GeV
APS ANL and 6GeV ESRF ILL. The design
study on the big facility is effectively
facilitated the technology accumulation
thru the experiences of the construction
and operation of the small storage rings
JSR1)，2). The aim of JSR is to study
various kind of accelerator technologies
as well as to examine the new ideas such
弓
ts侍
Tune
Damping time constant x
Momentum compaction factor
Energy 10ss per turn
RF frequency
Harmonic number
Peak voltage
Synchronous phase
RF power
Natural bunch lenqth
x
-5.6m-'
1.1x10-lnrad
-l.81
-4.54
2.25
y 1. 25
Y
58msec
4自msec
22msec
0.044
0.86keV/turn
116.7MHz
8
30kV
8.8degree
2kW
Touschek lifetime 2hours
16mm
J A E R I - M 89-119
(a) Pho tograph of JSR.
a s t h e beam p o s i t i o n c o n -
t ro l and t h e i n s e r t i o n d e v i c e
s t u d y .
2 . CHARACTERISTICS OF JSR
The JSR l a t t i c e i s
Chasman-Green t y p e . As shown
i n F i g . l , t h e l a t t i c e has
t h r e e f o l d symmetry . One
p e r i o d of t h e l a t t i c e i n
cludes two bandingrtagiEts (deflection
ang le of 60 deg ree per each
magnet) and f i v e quadrupole
m a g n e t s . The l a t t i c e
pa r ame te r s a r e summa
r i z e d i n Table 1. There
are three straight sections
in the r i ng , which are pisr
used for the spaces of
the i n s e r t i o n d e v i c e ,
R F - c a v i t y and t h e beam
i n j e c t i o n m a g n e t s .
The vacuum cham
ber i s composed of the
s t a i n l e s s s t e e l SUS316L
andSUS316 of 3mm t h i c k
n e s s . The s e v e r a l v a c
uum pumps w i t h t h e
t o t a l pumping speed of more than 5000 1/sec a r e i n s t a l l e d in the r i n g and t h e _ 9 -10
p r e s s u r e i s between 5x10 Torr and 5x10 Torr a t pump h e a d s .
The i n j e c t i o n system i s composed of a septum magnet and a k i cke r magnet
which a r e l o c a t e d a t t h e same s t r a i g h t s e c t i o n . A k icker magnet g e n e r a t e s t h e
p u l s e d i p o l e f i e l d about 0.04T with the p u l s e wid th of 0.6jlsec which g ives 6mrad
k i c k f o r e l e c t r o n beam. A septum magnet d e f l e c t s t h e i n j e c t i o n beam by
15.172degree wi th the f i e l d of 0.89T and the l eng th of 148mm. An e l e c t r o n beam
i s supp l ied by t h e l i n a c with the energy of 150MeV. The i n j e c t i o n from the l inac
a r e r e p e a t e d e v e r y 1 sec t o accumula te e l e c t r o n s in t h e r i n g . A f t e r t h e
i " m . ' 3*1-6 »,.. t XX •*.. • JQi; :i 2 3 i = : •1
3 F 0 c .» J *•: : i 1 3 ! ! > M je .» : 3F*. J 3 c : . i 1 5-wOl •:.. i 5 '••02 - : . L
ST*ii-*l •:<t 3 P H -..-. ! " - r . i = . .
:* ^ *..,.. * _ « > , , • * sC*«i-<* ..,...,-. - , Q « 0 : -=:....:. : 3CC' ) : " T .„,-:• < ap* «.„,.„ ., „.....„, " " P " " ; ., ,„ . 5 : » i - i : • . . . , , - i
• i* • . . ! •
= i - ; .....
(b) JSR l a t t i c e . F i g . l P l a n e view of JSR.
-48
as the beam position con-
t rol and the insertion device
study.
2. CHARACTERISTICS OF JSR
The JSR lattice is
Chasman-Green type. As shown
in Fig.l， the lattice has
three fold symmetry. One
period of the lattice in-
clu:lat田民主世主唱官司目白 (defle:;ti∞
J A E R I -M 89 -11 9
angle of 60 degree per each
magnet) and five quadrupole
magnets. The lattice
(a) Photograph of JSR.
parameters a工e su尻町la-
rized in Tab1e 1. There
arethree st:raiglt sections
in the ring， which are
used for the spaces of
the insertion device，
空笠一一J-十x>oヨ~~.・ 1-t ふ01: :.2 31 12..竺日;C:・‘2，.，
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RF-cavity and the beam 仁会 一宮， ー-
" ・"司・電.-，， 1'J"" onl
工n]ectlonmagnets.
The vacuumcham句
ber is composed of the
stain1ess stee1 SUS3: 6L
and SUS316 of 3mm thick-
ness. The severa1 vac-
uum pumps with the
'恒例・
一-ー5:1:1¥、4 ・.・...・ I
~I、帥.
一一
4足.l.
(b) JSR lattice. Fig.l P1ane view of JSR.
total pumping speed of more than 5000 l/sec are installed in the ring and the -9 _ . _ . -lO
pressure is between 5xlO ~ Torr and 5xl0 .v TorL at pump heads.
The injection system is composed of a sept山 nmagnet and a kicker magnet
which are located at the same straight section. A kicker magnet generates the
pulse dipo1e field昌凶utO. 04T with 出 epulse width of 0.6μsec wrよchgi ves 6mrad
kick for electron beam. A septum magnet deflects the injection beam by
15.172degree with the field of 0.89T and the length of 148rr官1. An electron beam
is supplied by the linac with the energy of 150MeV. The injection from the linac
are repeated every 1 sec to accumulate electrons in the ring. After the
-48 -
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
accumulation of electrons at 150MeV, the electron energy is gradually increased up to 30C MeV.
The brightness of synchrotron radiation from the bending magnet is shown in Fig. 2. The main part of radiation is in the soft X-ray and VUV region. The critical wavelength is 17.3nm at the electron energy of 300MeV. A test undulator is planned to be installed in one of the straight sections for the studies of undulator and electron beam dynamics.
3. BEAM MONITORS
Fig.2 Brightness of the synchrotron radiation from the bending magnet.
The beam intensity is monitored by two current transformers(DCCT and Fast-CT). Six position monitors are welded in the vacuum chamtor at the entrance of each bending magnet. Their signals (6 positions times 4 electrodes) are sequentially archived into the control computer within the time of C.24sec. A tune is measured by RF-knock out electrodes which are composed of four wires with the length of 150mm and the diameter of lmm. One pair of electrodes is installed for the purpose of the ion clearing. The maximum voltage of 500V is able to be supplied to each electrode. If necessary some electrodes of the position monitors will be used for the ion clearing. The injection beam is monitored by two profile monitors composed of screen targets.
Six photodetectors are installed to measure the locations of the synchrotron radiation from the bending magnets.
4. CONTROL SYSTEM JSR is controlled by one control computer(real time computer) as shown
in Fig.3. The control computer is selected a 32 bit CPUfrt VAX 1000). It takes roles of controlling the devices, observing the status and alarms of each devices and also representing the operation mode and the informations of the beam monitors. Many devices are connected with the computer through the universal device controller(UDC) and the optical fibers. Presently all power supplies for the magnets and RF-system are connected with the control computer.
- 4 9 -
]AERI-M 89-119
accumulation of electrons at 150MeV，
the electron energy is gradually in-
creased up to 30C MeV.
The brightness of synchrotron
radiation from the bending magnet is
shown in Fig.2. The main part of
radiation is in the soft X-ray and VUV
region. The cri tical wavelength is
17.3nm at the electron energy of 300MeV.
A test undulator is planned to be
installed in one of the straight sec-
tions for the studies of undulator
and electron beam dynamics.
3. BEAM MONITORS
The be丑m intensity is monitored
E' 0.3 G.v E ・1.27 :・ 100mA
10' 10' 10 A Inml
↑L e
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by two currenヒ transformers(DCCTand Fast-CT). Six position monitors are welded
in the vacuum chamtcr at the entrance of each bending magnet. Their signals(6
positions times 4 巳l守ctroJes) are sequentially archived into the control
computer within the time of C.24sec. A tune is ineasured by RF-knock out
electrodes which a工e composed of four wires with the length of 150mm and the
diameter of l~@. Gne pair of eeectrodes is installed for the purpose of the
ion clearing. The maximum voltage of 500V is able to be supplied to each
electrode. If necessary some electrodes of the pcsition monitors will be used
for the ion clearing. The injection beam is monitored by two profile monitors
composed of screen targets.
Six photodeヒectors are installed to measure the locations of the
synchrotron radiation from the bending magnets.
4. COI¥'TROL SYSTEM
JSR is controlled by one control computer(real time computer) as shown
in Fig.3. Th円 controlcomputer is selected a 32 bit CPU(rt VAX 1000). It takes
roles of controlling the devices， observing the status and alarms of each
devices and also representing the operation mode and the informations of the
beam monitors. Many devices are connected with the computer through the
universal device controller(UDC) and the optical fibers. Presently all power
supplies for the magnet5 and RF-system are connected with the control computer.
-49一
J A E R I - M 89-119
This control system is ready for studying procedures of the feedback control of the electron beam position.
The upper level computer, which is connected with the control computer through DECnetfThin Wire Ethernet), is for the purpose of the data storage and the development of the control program.
Fig.3 Computer system of JSR.
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS JSR is a test ring aiming at the next generation synchrotron radiation
facility so that it has been designed to be flexible to study the control procedures and to install the insertion device. Design study ot the lattice was carried out from January to June in 1988, and all devices were manufactured at the end of 1988. The installation in the linac building was started in November 1988. An initial beam was injected into JSR and an electron beam revolved one turn in JSR on May 25, 1989. We succeeded in taking a photograph of synchrotron radiation light on May 31, 1989.
REFERENCE (1) H.YOKOMIZO, et al.:"CONSTRUCTION OF A COMPACT ELECTRON STORAGE RING
JSR",to be published in Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1989. (2) H.YOKOMIZO, et al.:"DESIGN OF A SMALL STORAGE RING IN JAERI",in Proc.
of the European Particle Accelerator Conference, Rome Italy, 1989.
•50
]AERI-M 89-119
This control system is ready for studying procedures of the feedback control
of the electron beam position.
The upper level computer， which is connected with the control computer
through DECnet(Thin Wire Ethernet)， is for the purpose of the data storage and
the development of the control program.
. -τすマzー!4 ょん ι
d正 '.)'1'-11
:i!S'7EIodI -
ICPU
は坐主些話回.lor OEVElOPMENT
E呂田τ一.
弔~! ~L~o IJRs:nzヨ
Fig.3 Computer system of JSR.
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS
JSR is a test ring aiming at the next generation synchrotron radiation
facility so that it has been designed to be flexible to study the control
procedures and to install the insertion device. Design study 0主 thelattice
was carried out from January to June in 1988， and all devices were manufactured
at the end of 1988. The installat工on in the linac bui1ding was started in
November 1988. An initial beam was injected into JSR and an electron beam
revolved one turn in JSR on May 25， 1989. We succeeded in taking a photograph
of synchrotron radiation light on May 31， 1989.
REFERENCE
(1) H. YOKOMIZO， et al.: "CONSTRUCTION OF A COMPACT ELECTRON STORAGE RING
JSR・'， tobe published in Rev. Sci. Instrum.， 1989.
(2) H.YOKOMIZO， et al. : "DESIGN OF A SMALL STORAGE RING IN JAERI"，in Proc. of the European Particle Accelerator Conference， Rome 1ヒaly，1989.
-50 -
!
JAERI-M 89-119
1.13 FABRICATION AND RF PROPERTIES OF THE S-BAND TM010 MICROWAVE CAVITY MADE OF YBa2Cu307_5
Eisuke MINEHARA, Ryoji NAGAI+, and Manabu TAKEUCHI+
Department of Physics, JAERI +Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki Univ.
After the discovery!) in late 1986 and the confirmation of the newly-developed metal oxide superconductors with higher transition temperatures raised the possibility of a new class o^ superc onduct: n;j microwave device: operating at '..firpeiatures well above the lice.id Ha and near the liquid hydrogen, neon and nitrogen, the : '-as ihi 11 y sc udy for the superconductor devices at microwave, and mi 1 1 i m^t e r- wav. f requeno ie: , i.e., cavity res:.n.afcr, r :\:r;:mi ::'icn lines, w-.veguide, and antenna, was atar'ed at JARR i , Ti o-:a i in Apri] '.')".'.'.
In order t; exaa.'. :.•• t. he t>\-.. oil I'y of auch devices, and to i r. ve.ot i nate * h" nnr-.;.-• f :,:piii -..\ :.di:ic ivity in these new ;e;p.-r :• :. i.;ct ' :.:, :•;• !..rw • aauiied ! :;i' microwave response of the ..:•:!!•• ::'.:; • • r e r.<; : " : :: •.•••: . <. v; i • :e '•-:;.; " y a t u ; <j r a n g e d ' . I n a d i i '. i •:., •.•;>• h..-. v. • t '. :je .: ; a i i <.•< I ; he ' ai : ' \it i .a, , an.: m i c r o w a v e
The ::".'• •-.-. x \i ] :.:h: ica:. ion and mic e . w a v e j : p t r t i e s of the ;;'jp'rc ••-. :]•;.;'. i :.a Tie ; ;; ••; : v :'. y"1 ' were previously reported to be resonant at 7 a Hz with the quality ( Q ) factor of 10''-10:"'. In the present work, :• v.-.-uia be reported that the new b o n d i n g m e t h o d ut i I i:: ir.a low- arid h i g h - t e m p e r a t u r e brazing agents could be s u c c e s s f u l l y applied to make the s-band cav i t i e s larger than the p r e v i o u s >-:.'.-ii, end mic r o w a v e p r o p e r t i e s of the c a v i t i e s were much improved to h..ve the quality factor of 10 5 - several x 10^. The body of the cavity was made out of the single-phased and bulk YBa2Cu307-§ material with a transition tempo; ;ture of about 92 °K. The Q factor of the cavity was measured as a function of temperature from 300 °K to 30 °K. Starting from a value of Q=~ a thousand from 300 °K to about 100 °K, the Q increased by a
-51
] A E R 1 -;.，! 89-11 9
THE S-BAND RF PROPERTIES OF FABRICATIm，; AND 1.13
YBa2Cu307-o t-UCROWAVE CAVITY MADE OF
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Eisuke
JAERI Department of Physics，
+Faculty of Engineering， Ibaraki Univ.
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;， 寸，ド. ..
L、lereと;、 :1.1'>r.." ，.... j';¥、、】 1、
1n 10C l0:'， factor つfQ υi '-:-. t h t' q U d 1 i tγ 、1t士e.:>~)rìa:;:
new bonding the rep'，:'rted that '，;"...1;.i L('~ VJor ，:， th口 prイ::.l s(~nt
cou1d ，，~， ;j high-ter:，perature brazing agents 1 ・ー」二〓，.utュiょ::l r、1:::et.hod
were
106
largel' than
'，:::avities
s-band cavities
of t !.'
105
S
F
i
-fo
o--tr
r
o
戸
}
十
」
psc
c
a
E
r
i
nr け
J
P
)
+し
v
t
l
a
1岳
山
wa
「J
1
A
〔
yl
r
つA
可
4
e
m
h
u
トl-
i
号、
tl':e succcssi、J，;， Jy 口pp:if:ci '::u IT，ake
thゃ previ ous .:-.~_<..i I
n1Jch 允ド工o."ed t '.' r:，，¥"e
ce
X
of about
3りveral
Sユnql・-i，hased and
transition tempν ，ture measured as
the of The body of the cavitγ '.Ja ~j rn，弓 de out
YBa2Cu307-δ mater:al wieh a
寸he Q factor of
bu1k
92 oK. function of ヨwas cavity the
value of Q=-
increased by a
from む
the Q
Starting
，
k
o
100
-RU
from 300 oK to 30 or. OK to about 300 frum
temperature
thousand a
JAERI-M 89-119
factor of thousands to Q=>10 6 at 15°- 30°K and upon further conditioning of the cavity and the RF coupler, to severrl x 10^ at the same temperature. The temperature dependence of the Q factor was observed to be very similar with independent measurements of the ac Meissner effect and the surface resistance for the YBa2Cu307_5 samples^^) r a n cj t ^ e Q factor of the 7 GHz cavity resonator^'.
A high Tc superconducting microwave cavity may be considered as a fundamental device whose microwave characteristics define the performance of the bulk microwave structures. Other kinds of the microwave devices utilizing a wave guide, coaxial cable, normal-conducting and classic superconducting cavities were recently designed and made to measure microwave responses for the high Tc superconducting samples. Except for the classic superconducting cavity devices, their sensitivities for measuring microwave characteristics of the high Tc material are several orders of magnitude lower than the high Tc superconducting cavity device. The fabrication technology utilized in the cavities have potential applications tor any kinds of passive microwave elements, i.e., particle accelerators-', resjnant filters^), ultrastable clocks"), transmission lines and so on.
High-purity Y-, Ba-, and Cu- oxides were mixed as fine powdered materials, and reacted at 900 °C for about 5 hours. The Cu-oxiiii> powder used here was specially prepared to have the powder particle diameter of 400 angstrom in average. The mixture was io;eatedly pulverized, reground, and sintered at 900 °C for about 10 hours. The resultant black powder was then cold-pressed into solid and disc forms, using an isostatic press at pressur*' of .iOO-400 kg'cm2, and then mechanically machined into flat disc and rino forms. Before and after the final machini-.g and polishing, the ring and discs were sintered at 920 °C in dry air for about 7 hours.
Characterization of the samples by four-point dc resistance, ac Meissner measurements and the others indicated a Tc onset of 92 °K with a transition width of less than 2 °K, and the density was measured to be about 75 '% - 95 % of the
-52-
]AERI-M 89-119
300K and upon further 150ーat of thousands to Q=>106 factor
106 x to severデ lRF coupler， cavity and the conditioning of the
of the Q e
c
n
e
d
n
e
p
e
d
h
t
凸」，、ム
r
w
u
t
r
a
a
r
1品
e‘L
Pゐ
m
m
E
l
e
s
t
vd r
e
v
The same temperature. the at
independent observed to be factor was
surface ac Meissner effect and the
samples2，3)
of the measu工ements
factor Q the and YBa2Cu307-o
工esonator4).
the for 工esistance
cavユtyGHz 7 of the
cavity may be superconducting ~icrowave Tc A high
mlCrowave whose fundamenta1 device a considered as
of the bulk microwave define the perfor~白ancecharacteristic5
of the ~icrowave devices utilizing a kinds Other structじres.
and classic normal-conducting cable， I-:oa:・:ユal
G-
令lv
'
c
e
u
、Q
、q
o
l
n
じ
O
G
J
C
r
凸』
門」UU
5
wave
recently designed and made to
hiqh
were ¥-::d'./:i.t ies
Tc superconducting for the rt.::.sponses measu了ο Iで工Crc.iv..'("1Ve
superconducting cavity devices， classic the f'or E:.:cer.t sa;role.s
of characteristics mユCrO¥oJdvefot- measuring their sensitivities
lower than of magnitude several orders eire ?っr.3. ~υr .:i a1hi0h t hε
fabrication The :=--リf-')("-['(>"了，ducting cavity device ~hó.:> hiqh 'l'c
cavitie:o Lave potential applications コh
t
ユn、可AO
ヴ山
JAr-L
1ム
ハ
、
，
O1品
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れ
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ユ
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n
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a
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ρ
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ピ
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リ i.e.， particle
clocks6) ，
ele口lents，Lc，S';lVc: nncrowave
filters5)
士C，y
ultrastable rοS Jr.ant
oxides were mixed as fine
900 Oc for about 5 hours.
，;0 on.
3a-，
Jヨnd reacted at
and Cu-
and
High-p¥llit.y" '1.'-，
}JovJder ρd IT，d t p r i a 1 s ，
1 i:-Ies t工3.nsm工Sと;ユー，n
specially prepared to have the
400 angstrom in avcrage.
anri sintered at
was here Cu-c:.: i. t!t 、 ['C パ~.;d ゃ r us ρ 、i The
900
The
I十寸りat円dly pulverized， reground，
;() hOll工S. The resultant black powder was then
of G 二五 met\._~ 工3 e
『ldt
s
刀
工
a市J
dWHap
J
t
ytea
r
r
f
c
u
〉
d
t
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x
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・工、
J
p
m
h
isostatlc press uSlng an for~s ， 刀打 1i 1 and disc
~ I r.mL CIW-，
1 :10._ cold-pre巳乙己ri
and then mechanically machined jηO-L;CU 4 . at pre:ミsu了い
920
final
sintered at
Before and after the
ring and discs were
forms.
the rnachir:"g 司ndpolishing，
。C in ci工; air for about 7
rJnCl ，i:::;c a!ld flAt into
hours.
by four-point
ac Meissn旬工 measurements and the others indicated a
92 oK with a transition width of less than 2 oK， and
dc sarnples the of Characteriz3tion
resistance，
of
of the g O 95 75 to be about
n4
rD
was measur守d
Tc onset
the density
JAERI-M 89-119
theoretical value. X ray diffraction patterns taken in each process step showed that the final discs and rings had the single-phased , the slightly ab-plane aligned structure parallel to the surface, no other structures than the YBa2Cu307_§ and no impurities within the statistical error.
The high Tc superconducting cavities were designed and made to be resonant in the TMoiO mode at 2.856GHz. Because of the immature bonding technique at the first assembling of the cavity, the resonant frequency for the assembled cavities was shifted to be 2.43 GHz. Because the technique was improved after measurement of the first cavity, the second cavity could be successfully assembled and measured to be exactly resonant at the designed frequency of 2.856GHz. The resonances of the other ™0n0 modes with n=2,3,4 and 5 were observed at the calculated resonance frequencies from the fundamental frequency of the TMoiO mode.
YBCO-Pellet Discs and Ring
Cu-Plate
RF Input
S M A - R e c e p l a c l e & Adjustable Coupler
Connected by Low & High Temperature Brazing Agents
Fig. 1 Schematic of the YBa2Cu307_5 cavity.
The cavities were made from the two identical YBa2Cu307-8 discs, and the ring as shown in fig.!. Each of the discs has dimensions of 110 mm outer diameter >: 8 nm thickness which
mmmmmmk
n RF Monitor
- 5 3 -
]AERI-M 89-119
theoretical value. X ray diffraction patterns taken in each
process step showed that the final discs and rings had the
s~ngle-phased ， the slightly ab-plane aligned structure parallel to the surface， no other structures than the YBa2Cu307~ and no
impurities within the statistical error.
The high Tc superconducting cavities were designed and made
to be resonant in the TMOIO mode at 2.856GHz. Because of the
immature bonding technique at the first assembling of the
cavity， the resonant frequency for the assembled cavities was
shifted to be 2.43 GHz. Because the technique was improved
after measurement of the first cavity， the second cavity could
be successfully assembled and measured to be exactly 工esonant at
the designed freqllency of 2.856GHz. The resonances of the other
TMOnO modes with 0=2，3，4 and 5 were observed at the calculated
工esonance frequencュes from the fundamental frequency of the
n~ [j 10 mude.
YsCO-Pellet Discs and Ring
RF
S!¥IA-Receptal"le & ..¥djustaJ】le Coupler
Connected by Low & High Temperature srazing Agcnts
Fig. 1 Schem乃 ticof the iBa2Cu307-o cavity.
The cavities were made from the 十wo identical YBa2Cu301-o
~iscs ， and the ring as shown in fig.!. Each of the discs has
diT:¥cnsiono; nf 110 mm outer didI1¥eter ;.: 8 1¥m thickness which
ηa rD
f
JAERI-M 89-119
contains a coupling hole of diameter 4 mm at the center. The ring has dimensions of 110 mm outer diameter, 80 mm inner diameter x 5 mm and 8 mm thicknesses. The cold-pressed disc could be machined smoothly without any special care to avoid some damage to the disc. No coolant or lubricant was used to avoid contamination during machining. These two discs and the ring were sintered in dry air, and were assembled in the form of a cavity by welding mainly with a low-temperature indium-based brazing agent and a high-temperature silver-based brazing agent.
We tried several kinds of soft metal wire (gold, silver, aluminum and indium) 0 rings as a seal between the bulk discs and the rings before the welding technique was applied to fabricate the cavities. Concerning the metal-wire sealed cavities, we found very frequent and irreversible irregularities, and deterioration of the measured Q values duiing the cooling down and warming up. Except for the early stage of the present work, we did not try to apply the metal 0 ring to fabricate them.
The resonant irequency measured for the first cavity with TMQIO node war: around 2. A"'. GHz between 300 °K and 30°K. The lower resonance frequency measured in the cavity than the calculated showed that the cavity should have the inner diameter larger: than the ring's one effectively. The lower resonance frequency than the expected one mainly came from the bad contact between the ring and discs, and imperfect diffusion of the brazing agents, and roughness of the bonding surface around the inner edge of the ring.
As shown in fiq.2, experimental set up used in the present work consists o: a lai-'ic cryostat, a He-gas closed loop refrigerator, n magnetic-suspended turbomolecular pumping system,, and the vector network analyzer system. Qloaded was measured with RF couplers critically adjusted at each temperature. Qunloaded was found to be dependent on input RF power to a small extent. Qunloaded is small and weakly temperature dependent between 300 °K and 100 °K, attaining a value of about a thousand at 100 °K. A sharp increase is observed as the cavity is cooled down below 92 °K. Qloaded
-54-
89 -119 JAER1-M
The the center. mm at a coup1ing ho1e of diameter 4 contains
工nnermπ1 80 mm outer diameter， of 110 dimensions 工inghas
cold-pressed disc The mm thicknesses. 8 and rr.m 5 diameter x
to avoid care special any could be machined smoothly without
was used to
and the
or
avoid contaminaヒionduring machining.
ring were sintered in dry air， and were assembled in the cavity by we1ding mainly with a
1ubrican七
These two discs
No coolant disc. some damage to the
form of
indium-based 1ow-ternperature a
silver-based brazing agent.
silver， 可よa
t
e
m
e
r
t
u
fム
t
o
a
s
r
e
Fム
p
o
m
e
s
t
d
-
口
、n・1
9
k
.工h
a
Au
n
a
agent .Jraz工ng
(gold，
between the bulk discs
w1re tried several VJe
sea1 a as o rings indium) aluminum and
the welding technique was applied to
Concerning the metal-wire
了inqs before and tr:ぞsealed ca'{，，lエtles.fabricate こhe
iどreversib1eand frequen七fcコ!id very l，A.-己ca'f/ities
and deterioration of the measured Q values i 工 rea '-J la~i~iesl
1コ!.ir-J1tL守 Cつc1 : l1l1 for the early E~:cept dOVIl1 and war:-:1inq up.
the metal 0 apply try to v;e did not work， 。ft.ケ‘e Fr(行、entSこaョefabricat口 them.
j )-r~ く]、より ncy measured tor the first cavity with
h'~-:. 口 ιl!にじ:"~d :: a ~1 元 GHz between 3000K and 30oK. The
r E- SC~("l :'lt
t-: L'j 七七
n，(">
T;.~O 1 (1 :~，，~\dc
cavity than the the ln f p'::pJC':"-:'J' measured
that
IP~;，~.'r: ，ミ了l(:'-~lつ;.;C'工
inner diameter cavity should have the t!v' .~alcul.a て ed ，~h わヤi('d
101-.'er resonance The ring's une effectively ・the tr:an larger
bad contact from the expected one mainly came the fどequer.c'l than
of the diffusion imperfect and Ei nqa nd d i Sc S ， !)Pt'dee:1 th的
around the the bonding surface of ruuαhness ar.d ρ工a:::.nq agents，
r1ng， n f +下工】企1C1，:'0Ge
三;-:0wr;
ュnrJ(.'~
the present 1n up used set ぃ:・:perimenta 1 fiq.三，J"-
loop
turbomolecular pumping
Qloaded was
closed
了叱，'irigerat υ工， け亡、ふc:net:c-suspended
乙 ys~em ， and the v~cto 工 network andlyzer system.
He-gas a cryostat， 1 a 1:1ドJ (~() n ~~~ 1 S t s w(:' rk
critically adjusted at each
found to be dependent
couple工三RF w工th;:i0asured
RF input on Qunloaded was temperature.
Qun10aded is smalユ andweakly
300 oK and 100 oK， attaining a
e;.:tpnt.
dependent わetween
small to a power
temperature
lS
Qloaded
ェncrease
92 oK.
A sharp
cooled down below
必
uτ'hJU
OK. 100 thousand at
1S cav工ty
a of about
the
value
observed as
I
JAERI-M 89-119
i n c r e a s e s s t e a d i l y a t t a i n i n g a value of about 10 5 around 70 °K. The Qioaded i n c r e a s e appears t o slow down a t lower t empe ra tu r e s , below 70 °K. The Qioaded reached well over
Experimental Setup
Vector Network Analyzer He-Gas Closed Loop Refregera tor
IP 8720 A
l l n p u t
Reflection
Monitor ( T r a n s in i s s i o n)
Cavitv Resonator
Coaxial Transmission Lines y-
Cryostat and Vacuum Pumping System
i-.>:r;.er l:'.
10f> at lb °K - ''r- "V. Typical frequency scan of the network analyzer at 3[) °Y. r;howj a quite symmetric Lorentizan pattern with the resonance frequency of 2.856 GHz and Q~>several x 10° after some optimization and conditioning of the cavity resonator.
RF measurements for single crystal YBa2Cu307_5 samples-^) showed that the surface resistances were nearly the same as the Nb ones. Although we should expect a Q factor of 101® or even
-55-
JAERI-M 89-119
increases steadily attaining a value of about 105 around 70 oK.
The Qloaded increase appears to slow down at lower temperatures， below 70 oK. The Qloaded reached well over
Experimental Setup
Vector Network AnaJyzer ¥、
Ava u
nr
n
E且
.圃-RcfJection
He-Gas CJosed Loop
Refregerator
Cavitv
ノl¥1onit(Transmission)
CO<lxial Transmission
Lines
Cr"ostat and Vacuum
Pum ping Systcm
:.': -， . "、， . • 1・、‘、.、
i
，
l
Lvv4
巴aaJ
v白
h~.‘
• ‘ .
. ，ia
1 (j h d t 1 5 01": -)' けγγ!Ji じよ，] freC;11ency scan of the network
uncd γ之けra t j~) 01': 二!:O¥"i斗 a quite Sy:CeIηetric Lorentizan pattern
~ith the reso~ance fre.弓11encyof 2.856 GHz and Q->several x 100
after some optjffiiza~ion and conditioning of the cavity
工esonator.
RF meas~rem0nts fn工 3inglecrystal YBa2Cu307-o samples3)
showed that the slJrfacつり r守子;istances were nearly the same as the
Nb ones. Although we should expect a Q factor of ]010 or even
FD
phJU
\
JAERI-M 89-1 19
more from the theoretical consideration applying a conventional BCS theory, the Q factors for the single-phased and bulk YBa2Cu307-5 cavity of the several orders of magnitude less than the expected theoretically could be obtained in the present work. The lesser Q factors than the theoretical consideration are thought to have some origins in the weak links of the grain boundary, surface roughness, impurities and so on. However, the detailed mechanism is not clear at the present because there is no standard theory for the high Tc superconductors. And, we could not point out here what the major origins are for the large Q factor difference. The Q factor of the cavity may be improved by materials processing because the lesser Q factor is not inherent in YB.--2"U3O7-5 materials0'.
:> )
6)
Technology, Ti:'< (1 l.'riV) p. 17 8. ; ; . v , i . : 3 " . . • • < • , ;•:.
>.. Muller BMU986) 189. h Syrrp. or: Accelerator Science and :;c'o Publishing Co. Ltd., Tokyo
• ••:., .1. Gruschus, J. Kirchgessner, \> . :•".'•'. fa', :•. :,.!•'•:! >•: r:, J. Searr,, Co S. Shu, R. Buhman, P. L.ithio.p, I. W. ::;:., S.Pussrjk, and A. Sievers: CLNS 88/835 ( "or:vi '..'p. i -.*•.'r u i t y, Ithaca, 1988), and also Proc . Conference on .-•uporcoi.duct.ivi-. y and Applications, Buffalo, NY 14620, April 18-20, 1988, (to be published). !•.',. Mineh^ra, R. II;i;ji, and M. Taker.chi : Jpn . J. Appl. Phys . Vol .;:.H,No.l , January, 1989, ip. L100-MC1. J. j. Baut. ; .t. a .-.n: ." . M. Petty: IKPd'l Trans. Magn . MAGN-,"1(1 98 5) i'-;;'. . Thaki::, D. .'•'. St rayer, G. J. Dick, and J. E. Mercereau: J. r,pl . Phvc .;•::(] ••«f.) 8 54 •
56
JAERI-M 89-119
consideration applying a conventional
for the single-phased and bulk
orders of magnitude
theoretical
BCS theory，七he Q factors
YBa2Cu307-o cavity of the
from the more
than less seve工al
the present 工nobtained expected theoretically could be the
consideration than the theoretical lesser Q factors The work.
gra1n of the links in the weak orlg工nsso:ne ヒo nave thought are
the However， and so on. impurities rouqhness，
clear at
surface boundary，
lS because there the present not lS detailed mechanism
we And， s
r
o
t
s
e
n
u--
d
q
n
'
l
o
r
e
o
r
e
r
p‘
O
U
〕
s
a
n
e
T
e
h
-nt
qJ -L
、nfor t.he standard theorv no
for the are what r..ere out could not point
cavity may be factor of the The Q factor difference. Q la.::-ge
工Sfactor lesser Q the improved by mae::eria1s processing beCB¥;Se 、 一・ ' い、円【( 内 ふ I 司、 Pl!!:-le 1: e了4 亡 lr; ~ 1-:;. "I;"':~~‘ (}7 -;;; r7¥a亡e:elals，，'no~
P ~;_E2.;~~乙二?ミ
B亘.1(1986)189. -、し一一-L ~l\ と、;'，:11f.'ど" 牟 A ・
一，.、 ‘ 一一司 一、.‘ J 宇.:-. -Ilrl、lマ
、> .
六 r:λCι 、~lerator Science and
PL:"': :~:-.宇:， g
:、 γr、、， .一.和1 守 γ、 ι ，;一、~ y ，'.・ ι，.ー必 t、ミム、み
司
J
Tokyo Ltd. ， Co. {i
P 'a 、L
寸~=-> c!i fl'， ') :パ 1、F
(: ';，r，') 1'. "':-'
Kirchgessner， J. 月 1
1，) r t:~) r.二日11~~ ， ， ' 必 F"， 、一
2.， a‘
白、i
Buhman， R. Shu， ro
..:) . c，. :コ円e1r ~') I 寸、
，
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88/835 CLNS Sievers: and A. S. Ft1SSc'k， ， • ~ .. .、，.，，1. hよ ，'fJ，
~ 1 '_~I ム ~~l
九?A
and a1so Proc.Conference
14620， NY Buffヘ!こ、，d r:o.I T.pp l.i ，:a t iun e"
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(，じよコ:γrc'_:.し iu~::. 1 V 1
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Phys. !I.r.、P1. J.
pubU s)w，j) ，
Jr了l
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1929，
1・《イin(~h 弓了 a
¥.'t-:.l .?~_{/N().-; I p. }，inlld rγ，
t-11¥GN-ト1agn.Tr己n.s.n::-:E Pf、t.ty:干、4;[; :.;1 日、141， • F
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J. Mercereau: E. and J. h 、υ1 CK， J.
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JAER I-M 89-1 19
Title of Contents
Fabrication and RF Properties of the S-band TM010 Microwave Cavity Made of YBa2Cu3C>7-5
Publication List
Journal/Proceedings
Minehara,E.
RF Properties of High Tc Superconductor Prepared by Plasma-Spray Painting Method.
Extended Ai.-.-:•_: ,: --. :; -f i-tr. Int ernat. : cr.-. I Iv.'j'kshop on Future
Electron Lc-vic-.-; • '.' pio.ii Meeting •»;: High Temperature S'-'perconduct ir;a ]•']•• •' r-.-r, I vice: .
June 2 - 1 th , 1 '"'".8 , Mi /.-.g i -.'•'••; , Japan
M i n e h a r a , E., E a ^ - i ^ E . , a:.i T'akeuch i , M .
I'!.•:::;! J:;.r.' 1 >i i :.: ': i : : M-'tal 0:-:ido High Tc S u p e r c o n d u c t o r s ,
P r> -•'•"•;::,.: • : :'.:-:••.••<• i: •; :.< ->?r i rig international C o n f e r e n c e ,
- 5 7 -
]AER I-M 89・ 119
Title of Contents
Fabrication and RF Properties of the S-band TMOI0 Microwave
Cavity Made of YBa2Cu307~
publication List
Journal/Proceedings
Minehara，E.
RF Properties of :!ニ0:1 Tc SuperCOnduCL)r P repared by P lasma-Sp工ay
、「J叫C
Lnh
i
↑」e
R
A
hム司ヲ
円一
司、ム十』n
.ュa
p 乙:・:tenà;:~d ";-~l 、三" 、ー‘、 φ" :ntぃrnaて-~ ..ィ、:'ks!;opon Future
f.. .ηct rO:-l ~， (:"J i C~_ ぃ r. _ ';~il T<èe~ inご ・L ::: :'{n Terr.perδture
JごリrJerr:亡、nduc:tj r:'.J ~:ド .了， .ρ"-ぞ:
June 2-~th ，:('.，;同， .' ~ 1 . ~ '-J :ー三 口pan
r':~r...e~ 弓了 a. ， 1:... ， .、.F唱一ι.... ' . -，、.， ιkeucl:i，M.
:4唱.巴、
，L
.白L
'
、1必
'i
1.. .、 a ~，~， '←日 1O:dd(' !]jgh Tc Superconductors，
r; r，パ..: : ~，\:一~ '!.・J い ri~lg lnLcrndtional Conference，
j 、い~パ、，‘ 宇・ ιt VTopてi;1.
巧
t「円
u
JAER1-M 89-119
Minehara,E., Nagai,R., and Takeuchi,M. The TMoiO Microwave Cavity Made of YBa2Cu307_6 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.Vol.21,No.l, Januiry, 1989, pp. LlOO-LlOl.
Minehara,E., Nagai,R., and Takeuchi,M. RF Properties of High Tc Superconducting Microwave Elements
Fabricated by Plasma-Spray Painting, and Bulk-Material Machining Methods
J.Electrochem.Soc.,Vol.136,No.4, p.239C April 1989,
Minehara,E., t.'agai,R., and Takeuchi,M. Quality Factor Performance for the S-band TMoiO Microwave Cavity Mide of YBa2Cu307-5 .
tc be publi shed.
Scientific Meetings Spring Meeting of the Japan Physical Society Xir.^hara , E . , Nagai,R., and Takeuchi,M. Fabrication and RF Properties for High Tc Superconducting Waveguide,Coaxial Cable, and Cavity Resonator made of YBa;:Cu307_5 . (Mar . 28-31, 1 989, Hiratsuka)
Autumn Meeting of the Japan Physical Society
Minehara,E., Nagai,R., and Takeuchi,M.
i.igh Tc Superconducting Magnetic Shield for Nb Superconducting
Cavity Resonator.(Oct.3-6,1988, Matsuyama)
-58-
]AERI-M 89-119
Minehara，E.， Nagai，R.， and Takeuchi，M.
The TM010 Microwave Cavity Made of YBa2Cu307~
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.Vol.♀亘，No.1，Janulry， 1989， pp. L100-L101.
Minehara，E.， Nagai，R.， and Takeuchi，M.
RF Properties of High Tc Superconducting Microwave Elements
Fabricated by Plasma-Spray Painting， and Bulk-Material Machining
ト:eヒhods
J.:::lect工ochem.Soc.，Vol.136，No.4，p.239C April 1989，
Minehara，E.， ~agai ， R. ， and Takeuchi，M.
;J1J 司 J 工 t~ Factor Performance for the S-band TM010 Microwave Cavity
:';Hl日 of YBa2Cu307-o
t仁 iρpublished.
~c iゃnUfic Meetinqs
弓pring M~~ting of the Japan Physical Society
<:r. p~jard ， E. ， Nagai，R.， a:ld Takeuchi，M.
Fa~rication and RF Properties for High Tc Superconducting
~aveguide ， Coaxial Cable， and Cavity Resonator made of
~'na 三ぐ u 307-δ . (Mar.28-31，lS89，Hiratsukal
Allt'Jmn トleeting のf the Japan Physic~l Society
Minehara，E.， Nagai，R.， and Takeuchi，M.
..igh Tc Superconducting Magnetic Shield for Nb Superconducting
Cavi ty Resonator. (Qct . j-6，1988， Mat月uyamal
-58一
JAER I-M 89-119
Spring Meeting of the Japan Society of Applied Physics and
Related Societies
Minehara,E.,Obana,H., Nagai,R., and Takeuchi,M.
Fabrication of High Tc Superconductor utilizing Oxygen ;"ds
:'lar;ma Spray Painting with Aqueous Spraying Materials . (Apr . 1-
'], 1989,Chiba)
Autumn Meeting of the Japan Society of Applied Physics and
KeJ ated Soni et ies
!iagai,P, ., Sh imoi zumi , M . , Takeuchi,M., and Minehara, E.
Fabrication of High Tc Superconductor utilizing Oxygen Gas
}• lasrr;?. Spray Painting Method . (Oct . 4 -7 , 1 988 , Toyama)
".':.•• 13th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan
Mirv.'hara, E . , ::aaai,R., and Takeuchi,M.
i;; -:;:; ib i '.• App 1 ic.it. i (jr. of High Tc Superconductors to Accelerator
':• •-; on'-n-:-. . (S'.T'. 7-(;"-.fi, 1 98 8, Tsukuba)
-59-
JAERI-M 89-119
Spring Meeting of the Japan Society of Applied Physics and
Related Societies
Minchara，E.，Ohana，H.， Nagai，R.， and Takeuchi，M.
['"iibrication of High Tc Superconductor utilizing OxygE:'口、つdS
!' 1a，;rで司 Spraj! Painting with Aqueous Spraying Materials. (Ap工 .1-
1]，1989，Chiba)
11.ut 1J:11η ~le今 ting of the Japan Society of Applied Physics and
日中]九ted. S()i:: iet ies
IJaJj"-i， F: .， Sh imoi ご um ユ， ~1. ， Takeuchi，i1.，δnd !1inehara，E.
Pab工iC:i七 1Cl了 of High Tc Superconductor utilizing Oxygen Gas
i' 1ιι.，日三pr占γpιinting i.1ethod. (Oct.4-7，1988， Toyarna)
1 -: ¥:-1 L i了IC'乃了 Accp]μ 士ator i・1ぞeting in Japan
~.: 1 ;': I 、11-(1.， E .， ~ .(:汀Z:..1 ， f.z . r む:ldTakeはchi，l-l.
;. ( -:::; 11， l'λ¥ ~ :γ、11. (じJ、1ιtJ fれ、 Tれl
ι" r， ゾz ずη1" ::. (、"白rI "/ - (勺九1，10B(1，Tsukuba)
-59-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
1.1 A DATA ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING LSSOLVER
Masayoshi SUGIMOTO
Department of Physics, JAERI
The LSSolver program for PC was originally developed to support nuclear data evaluation study and was designed to allow users to employ the Data Oriented programming style for solving the least squares fitting problems. Now it is extended to handle more general problems including the design study of the free electron laser.
Introduction The LSSolver program written in Pascal was originally developed by
the author as a support tool of the nuclear data evaluation study using IBM-PC, which has a spreadsheet-like user interface and a capability of representing the results graphically without programming. The specific feature of the LSSolver is the full adaptation of the data and the parameter covariances in the least squares fitting procedure, which was
2) formulated by Smith . Recently, the LSSolver is totally rewritten to include a lot of functions and is implemented to NEC-PC9800 series, too. The LSSolver has an interpreter to parse the input stream and to execute the meaningful sentence. This sounds like as BASIC, but its uniqueness is in the "Data Oriented" programming style. The Data Oriented programming means that users define the source data first and process them to produce new data, step by step, by applying a series of operations. Since these operations are embedded as the formula to define the data (or equivalently saying, the message passed to the data) and they do not appear explicitly, only the resulting data take the main role in the programming process.
The spreadsheet-like user interface lets users to modify any data in the cells of the spreadsheet and recalculate the whole data, easily. Such trials confirm the correctness of the data processing method and give us the inspection for sensitivity of the parametric data. The new program, LSSolver ver.2, is based on the same philosophy as LSSolver ver.l, but it has much more functions than ver. 1, explained below. It is intended to be used as a general purpose application program. Currently, it is used as a support tool of the design study of the free electron laser, and such
-60-
]AER I-M 89時 119
1.14 DATA ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING LSSOLVER
Masayoshi SUGIMOTO
Department of Physics， JAERI
The LSSolver program for PC was originally developed to support
nuclear data evaluation study and was designed to allow users to employ the
Data Oriented programming style for solving the least squares fitting
problems. Now i t is extended to handle more general problems including
the design study of the free electron laser.
I ntroduction 1 )
The LSSolver program-' written in Pascal was originally developed by
the author as a support tool of the nuclear data evaluation study using
IBM-PC， which has a spreadsheet-like user int巴rface and a capability of
representing the resul ts graphically wi thout programming. The spec if i c
feature of the LSSolver is the full adaptation of the data and the
parameter covar iances in the leas t squares f it t ing procedure， which was 2)
formulated by Smith-'. Recently， the LSSolver is totally rewritten to
include a lot of functions and is implemented to NEC-PC9800 series， too.
The LSSolver has an interpreter to parse the input stream and to execute
the meaningful sentence. This sounds like as BASIC， but its uniqueness is
in the "Data Oriented" programming style. The Data Oriented programming
means that users define the source data first and process them to produce
new data， step by step， by applying a series of operations. Since these
operations are embedded as the formula to define the data (or equivalently
saying， the message passed to the data) and they do not appear explicitly，
only the resulting data take the main role in the programming process.
The spreadsheet-Jike user interface lets ~sers to modify any data in
the cells of the spreadsheet and recalculate the whole data， easily. Such
trials confirm the correctness of the data processing method and give us
the inspection for sensitivity of the parametric data. The new program，
LSSolver ver.2， is based on the same philosophy aS LSSolver ver.l， but it
has much more functions than ver. 1， expla1ned below. It 1s intended to
be used as a general purpose appl ication program. Currently， it is used
as a support tool of the des1gn study of the free electron laser， and such
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J A E R I - M 89-119
an application is described as an example of usage.
Features (1) User interface: A spreadsheet contains cells in a matrix of 100 columns by 100 rows, however the dimensional size can be changed according to the system memory size. Any data in each cell is entered from the keyboard or from the disk files. A command to edit a cell or to insert/delete/copy/move column or row, etc..., is invoked by pressing '/'
key and selecting a highlighted character in a main menu line. Some commands have sub menus and users can select a highlighted command character in a sub menu. (2) Data types: Each cell has an attribute corresponds to one of the data types: text, value, formula, vector, matrix and macro. The text data can contain a text string up to 255 characters. The value data represents a real number. The formula data contains the formula to define the cell value and the calculated value. The vector and matrix data represent the vector and matrix of real numbers, respectively, and can also contain the formula to calculate the elements, optionally. The macro data has a string that contains commands and their arguments to perform a series of operations to the spreadsheet and cells, just like as the command string input from the keyboard. (3) Formula: Users can use conventional arithmetic operators (+,-,*,/,"), arithmetic functions (exp,log,sin,cos,arcsin,sinh,Legendre/Bessel functions,random number generators,...) and vector/matrix operations (multiply,transpose,inverse.... ) in a formula to define data. The least squares fitting, numerical differentiation / integration and interpolation are implemented as a special function. If the data cell is given by the formula, such a cell will be recalculated when some other cell values are changed. The recalculation of each cell can be controlled by setting the dependency flag assigned to cell by cell. (4) Graphics: The vector or matrix data can be displayed graphically as many styles of plots: histogram, X-Y plot, two-dimensional surface, contour, three-dimensional histogram and scattered plot. (5) Subprocess: There are two paths to execute other programs from the LSSolver: one is the creation of the subprocess without destroying the current memory status used by the LSSolver, and the other is the chaining of the batch processes which execute LSSolver and other program in turn.
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]AERI-M 89白 119
an application is described as an example of usage.
E皇盆主旦主主S
(1) User interface: A spreadsheet contains cells in a matrix of 100 columns
by 100 rows， however the dimensional size can be changed according to the
system memory size. Any data in each cell is entered from the keyboard or
from the disk files. A command to edit a cell or to
insert!delete!copy/move column or row， etc...， Is invoked by pressing '1'
key and selecting a highl ighted character in a main menu 1 ine. Some
commands have sub menus and users can select a highlighted command
character in a sub menu.
(2) Data types: Each cell has an attribute corresponds to one of the data
types: text， value， formu:l.a， vector， matrix and macro. The text data can
contain a text string up to 255 characters. The value data represents a
real number. The formula data contains th巴 formula to define the cell
value and the calculated value. The vector and matrix data represent the
vector and matr ix of real numbers， I'espectively， and can also contain the
formu]a to calculate the elements， optionally. The macro data has a
string that contalns commands and theit， al'guments to perform a series of
operations to the spreadsheet and cells， just like as the command string
input from the keyboard
(3) Formula: Users can use conventional ar ithmetic operators (+，一， *， / t.....)，
arithmetic functions (exp，log.sin，cos，arcsin，sinh，Legendre/Bessel
functions， random number generators，... ) and vector/matrix operations
(mul tiply， tr昌nspose，inverse. . .目 in a formula to define data. The least
squares fitting， numerical differentiation 1 integration and interpolation
are implemented as a special function. If the data cell is given by the
formula， such a cell will be r巴calculatedwhen some other cell values are
changed. The recalculation of each cell can be controlled by setting the
dependency flag assigned to cell by cell.
(4) Graphics: The vector or matrix data can be displayed graphically as .any
styles of plots: histogram， X-Y plot， two-dimensional surface， contour，
three-dimensional histogram and scattered plot.
(5) Subprocess: There are two paths to execute other programs from the
LSSolver: one is the creation of the subprocess without destroying the
current memory status used by the LSSolver， alld the other is the chaining
of t he ba tch proces ses wh i ch execu te LSSo 1 ver and oth巴rprogram in turn.
l
no
J A E R I - M 89-119
Using either method, an arbitrary program which accepts the input data in the spreadsheet and returns some data to a cell of the spreadsheet, can be done externally.
Application to FEL gain calculation Fig.l shows the example of the listing of the spreadsheet, which
calculates the gain parameters of free electron laser. The cells from A2 to A5 defines the parameters of the undulator magnet, and A6 is the K parameter of the linear undulator constructed from permanent magnets, whereas A7 is calculated by assuming the electromagnetic undulator. Cells between A8 and A12 define the beam condition. A14 and A15 are the fundamental resonant wavelength, /lo , and it is 9.95 /im in this parameter setting. The criterion value shown at the cell D17 is much less than one, so in this case the free electron laser is operated in the low gain Compton regime, and the small-signal gain formula can be applied. Cells from A20 to A24 calculate the gain, which depends on the detuning parameter, v.
Fig.2 is the X-Y plot of the detuning parameter(cell A21) vs the calculated gain(cell A24). Positive detuning means smaller angular frequency (or larger wavelength) than resonant frequency, UQ , so the figure shows the well-known fact that the maximum small-signal gain can be achieved at v = 2.6.
Summary The new programming style, Data Oriented programming, using the
LSSolver program is proposed to get the solution of the least squares fitting and other problems and to inspect the sensitivity of the calculated results to many driving parameters, quickly and easily. Though this method has been applied to the design study of the free electron laser successfully, it could be also used in the other fields widely.
References 1) M. Sugimoto, "LSSOLVER" ver.1 manual, unpublished. 2) D.L. Smith, Argonne National Laboratory, personal communication.
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]AERI-M 89-119
Using either method. an arbitrary program which accepts the input data in
the spreadsheet and returns some data to a cell of the spreadsheet. can be
done externally.
Aoolication to FEL ~ain calculation
Fig.l shows the example of the listing of the spreadsheet. which
calculates the gain parameters of free electron laser. The cells from A2
to A5 defines the parameters of the undulator magnet. and A6 is the K
parameter of the linear undulator constructed from permanent magnets.
whereas A7 is calculated by assuming the electromagnetic undulator. Cells
between A8 and A12 define the beam condition. A14 and A15 are the
fundamental resonant wavelength. '¥0. and it is 9.95μm in this parameter
setting. The criterion value shown at the cell 017 is much less than one.
so in this case the free el巴ctronlaser is operated in the low gain Compton
regime. and the small-signal gain formula can be applied. Cells from A20
to A24 calculate the gain. which depends on the detuning parameter. v.
Fig.2 is the X-Y plot of the detuning parameter(cell A21) vs the
calculated gain(cell A24). Pos:tive detuning means smaller angular
frequency (or larger wavelengthl than resonant frequency. ~O. so the figure
shows the well-known fact that the maximum small-signal gain can be
achieved at v 2.6.
豆旦且旦主主y
The new programming style， Data Oriented programming. using the
LSSolver program is proposed to get the solution of the least squares
fitting and other probl~ms and to inspect the sensitivity of the calculated
results to many driving parameters. quickly and easily目 Though this
method has been applied to the design study of the free electron laser
successfully. it could be also used in the other fields widely.
References
1) M. Sugimoto. "LSSOLVER" ver.l manual， unpublished.
2) D.L. Smith. Argonne National Laboratory. personal communication.
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J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
15 16 17 18
75.00= 267.00= 2.67 = 0.63 = 0.57 =
25.00= E 15.00= I
F G rest mass of elect c , light speed(cm fine structure con classical electron charge of electron
49.93 = gamma 42.29 2.5E+0010= number density of
A B C D E undulator definitions << cgs unit >> 0.51=
3.56= period(cm) 0.50= drift part 3.0E+0010= no of periods 7.3E-0003= total length(cm) 2.8E-0013= Mag.fld(kG 1.34=avg mag fid 1.6E-0019= K , undulator parameter (permanent magnet) K , undulator parameter (electromagnet)
electron energy (MeV) beam current (Ampere)
0.13= beam cross section (cm**2) 0.13= radiation cross section (cm**2) 0.97= filling factor = (beam c.s.)/(radiation c.s.)
13 fundamental wavelength freq. wavenuntber 14 99537.74 (angstrom) 1.9E+0014 (rad/sec) 6312.36= k (1/cm)
9.95 (micro m) 1.33(% line width) 8.9E+0009= beam plasma frequency(rad/sec) 8.8E-0004 2.0E-0004= k beam (1/cmJ 2.928E-0003= ((k beam)*(total length))~2
low gain Compton regime when above value 19 Low Gain Compton Regime gain calculation 20 2.4E-0007= gain(factor) 5.940E-0008 7.lE-0003=amplitude 21 [100]=(#-5= detuning param [100]=(1-A21= ang.freq 5.4E-0009=(Pierce p 22 [100]=SQR(= (sin(nu/2)/(nu/2))~2 1.14=Gmax(Krin 23 [100]=DIFF=d( above ) / d(nu) [100]-DIFF3([100]=DIFF= d"3( above ) / d(n 24 [100]=-A20= gain (Datt[100]=-A20(100]=A24+C2= gain (Sprangle) 25 Fig.l An example of the listing of the spreadsheet calculating the gain of the free electron laser.
Budker's 1.8E-0005
6 14 1989 20:1:12
Fig. 2 Graphical plot of the detuning paramter vs small-signal gain calculated in the spreadsheet shown in Fig.l.
•63-
]AERI-M 89-119
A B C D E F G 1 undulator definitions << cgs unit >> 0.51= rest mass of elect 2 3.56= period(cm) 0.50= drift part 3.0E+00I0= c • light speed(cm 3 75.00= no of periods 7.3E-0003= fine structure con 4 267.00= total length(cm) 2.8E-0013= classical electron 5 2.67= Mag.fld(kG 1.34=avg mag fld 1.6E-0019= charg巴 ofelectron 6 0.63= K • undulator parameter (permanent magnet) 7 0.57= K • undulator parameter (electromagnet) 8 25.00= E . electron energy (MeV) 49.93 gamma 42.29 9 15.00= 1 . beam current (Ampere) 2.5E+00I0= number density of 10 0.13= beam cross section (cm*本2)11 0.13= radiation cross section (cm**2) 12 0.97= filling factor (beam c.s.)/(radiation c.s.) 13 fundamental wavelength freq. wavenumber 14 99537.74 (angstrom) I.9E+0014 (rad/sec) 6312.36= k (l/cm) 15 9.95 (micro m) 1.33(% 1ine 刷idth)
16 8.9E+0009= beam plasma frequency(rad/sec) 8.8E-0004= Budker's 1.8E-0005 17 2.0Eー0004=k beam (l/cm) 2.928E-0003= ((k beam)*(total length))~2 18 low gain Compton regime when above value 19 Low Gain Compton Regime ---gain calculation 20 2.4E-0007= gain(factor) 5. 940E-0008 7.1E-0003=amplitude 21 [1001=(#-5= detuning param [100]=(1-A21= ang.freq 5.4E-0009=(Pierce p 22 [100]=SQR(= (sin(nu/2)/(nu/2))-2 1.14=Gmax(Krin 23 [100]=DIFF=d( above ) / d(nu) (100]=DIFF3([100]=DIFF= d~3( above ) / d(n 24 [100]=-A20= gain (Datt[100]=-A20[100]=A24+C2= gain (Sprangle)
25
An example of the listing of the spreadsheet calculating the gain of F ig. 1
the free electron laser.
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gain small-signal vs paramter
calculated in the spreadsheet shown in Fig.l.
-63-
detuning the of plot Graphical Fig.2
J A E R I - M 89-119
1.15 FORTH-NODAL PREPARATIVE: IMPLEMENTATION OF
A FORTH MONITOR NUCLEUS INTO A 1 6 - B I T PC
Yuuki KAWARASAKI
D e p a r t m e n t of P h y s i c s , JAERI
A F o r t h m o n i t o r n u c l e u s h a s b e e n t r a n s p o r t e d i n t o a I B - b i t p e r s o n a l c o m p u t e r ( P C ) from an o r i g i n a l 8 - b i t P C ' s by r e w r i t i n g p r i m i t i v e words o n l y , f o r a i i n i n g a t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of an i n t e r a c t i v e and d i s t r i b u t e d m u l t i - c o m p u t e r c o n t r o l s y s t e m .
A t y p i c a l t e s t e x a m p l e of e x e c u t i o n s p e e d i s d e m o n s t r a t e d , y i e l d i n g in an e n c o u r a g i n g r e s u l t .
F u r t h e r e x p a n s i o n , i n c l u d i n g r e a l - n u m b e r a r i t h m e t i c s , m u 1 t i - s e g m e n t p r o g r a m m i n g and n e t w o r k c o n f i g u r a t i o n i s b r i e f l y d i s c u s s e d .
I n t r o d u c t i o n T h e r e a r e many ways how to c o n s t r u c t c o m p u t e r - b a s e d c o n t r o l
a n d / o r d a t a - l o g g i n g s y s t e m s : in h a r d w a r e c o n f i g u r a t i o n s and in s o r t s of s o f t w a r e i m p l e m e n t e d h e r e i n . In t h e s e a p p l i c a t i o n s , a somewhat d i f f e r e n t f e a t u r e may r e a s o n a b l y be a d e q u a t e f r o m o r d i n a r y e n v i r o n m e n t s , f rom t h e v i e w p o i n t s of h i g h — s p e e d e x e c u t i o n and p r o g r a m m i n g f l e x i b i l i t y w h i c h i n c l u d e s t h e s y s t e m e x p a n d a b i 1 i ty .
A d i s t r i b u t e d m u 1 t i - c o m p u t e r s y s t e m , t y p i c a l l y l i k e NODAL s y s t e m s / 1 . / , h a s a l r e a d y b e e n p r o v e n t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s . A PC— a n d - i n t e 1 1 i g e n t CAMC s y s t e m / 2 / o r a l i n k e d s i n g l e - b o a r d -c o m p u t e r (SBCs) s y s t e m / 3 / e v e n t u a l l y f o r m e d t h e m s e l v e s a s i m p l e s t d i s t r i b u t e d s y s t e m .
An i n t e r a c t i v e p r o g r a m m i n g e n v i r o n m e n t c a n be p r o v i d e d by u s e of an i n t e r p r e t e r l a n g u a g e i n s t e a d of c o m p i l e r l a n g u a g e s : in NODAL, the B A S l C - l i k e i n t e r p r e t e r i s u s e d . H o w e v e r , t h e e x e c u t i o n s p e e d of t h e t a s k w r i t t e n in t h e a b o v e i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t . FORTH / 4 , 5 / i s t h e n e x p e c t e d t o o v e r c o m e t h e d e f i c i e n c y of t h e s p e e d , k e e p i n g o t h e r k i n d s of d i s t i n c t i v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ; s e l f - p r o d u c i n g , a s a F o r t h s y s t e m c a n b e
- 6 4 -
]AERI-M 89-119
1.15 FORTH-NODAL PREPARATIVE: IMPLEMENTATION OF
A FORTH MONITOR NUCLEUS INTO A 16-BIT PC
Yuuki KAWARASAKl
Department of Physics， JAERI
A Forth monitor nucleus has been transported into a 16-bit
personal computerCPC) from an original 8-bit PC's by rewriting
primitive words only， for aiming at the construction of an in-
teractiv巴 and distributed multj-computer control system.
A typical test example of execution spef'd is demonstrated，
yielding in an encouraging result.
Further exp♀nsion， includjng real-nurnber arithrnetics，
multj-segment programming and network configuration is briefly
discussed.
Introduc:i口n
There are many ways how to construct computer-based control
and/or data-logging systems: in hardware configurations and in
sorts of so:tware implemented herein. In these applications.
a somewhat di:ferent feature may reasonably be adequate from
ordinary environmen:s. from the viewpoints of high-speed ex-
ecution and programming flexibility which includes the system
expandab j l i ty.
A dist;ibuted multi-c0mputer system， typically like NODAL
s y s t e m s / 1 / ， h a s a 1 r e a d y b e e n p r 0 v e n t h e e f f e c t i ve n e s s . A PC-
and-intelligent CAMC system/2/ or a linked single-board-
computer CSBCs) system/3/ eventually formed themselves a
simplest distributed system.
An interactive programming environment can be provided by
use of an interpreter language instead of compiler languages:
in NODAL， the BASIC-like interpreter is used. However. the
execution speed of the task written in the above is not suffi-
c i巴nt. FORTH /4，5/ is then expected to overcome the
deficiency of the speed， keeping other kinds of distinctive
characteristics self-producing， as a Forth system can be
-64-
J A E R I - M 89-119
d e s c r i b e d in F o r t h i t s e l f , ( h i g h e x p a n d a b i l i t y ) and b o t h in l o w l e v e l l i k e a n a s s e m b l e r a n d i n h i g h l e v e l ( h i g h
p r o d u c t iv i t y ) .
I n a d d i t i o n , a F o r t h s y s t e m i s s i m p l e a n d t h e n i t c a n r a t h e r e a s i l y be a s s e m b l e d . T h i s s i t u a t i o n a l l o w s b i r t h s of many d i a l e c t s of F o r t h , j u s t l i k e L I S P . NEON u s e d in w e l l known APPLE'S M a c l n t o s h s a n d STOIC in r u m o r in EPSON'S a r e a l s o one of t h e d i a l e c t s .
Fo r th Mon i to r The s t r u c t u r e of t h e m o n i t o r i s b a s i c a l l y t h e same a s t h e
8 - b i t P C ' s , whose MPU i s Z - 8 0 / 2 , 3 / . The t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n t o t h e 16—bi t P C ' s , w h o s e MPU i s 8 0 8 6 o r e q u i v a l e n t , h a s b e e n p e r f o r m e d by r e w r i t i n g o n l y t h e k e r n e l , in w h i c h s e v e r a l t e n s p r i m i t i v e words ha - , e b e e n a s s e m b l e d . A 8086 h a s b e e n n a t u r a l l y d e v e l o p e d from a 8 0 8 5 , s i m i l a r t o a Z - 8 0 . A 3 2 - b i t 8 0 3 8 6 i s t h e n s i m i l a r i l y d e v e l o p e d f r o m a 8 0 6 8 . Some w o r d s in t h e
8 0 8 6 ' s c a n be a s s e m b l e d m o r e c o m p a c t t h a n in t h e Z - 8 0 ' s . N'ewiy p r e p a r e d w o r d s a r e due t o t h e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e i a rdwa r e s .
Speed T e s t Example At p r e s e n t , o n l y i n t e g e r a r i t h m e t i c s i s a v a i l a b l e in t h e
d e v e l o p i n g F o r t h s y s t e m . A h e a r t of a s a m p l e p r o g r a m w r i t t e n in BASIC i s t h e n c h o s e n a s / 6 / :
250 FOR N=l TO 399 260 Y CO) = ( X ( 0 ) + X ( 3 9 9 ) ) MOD 2 270 PSETCO.N) , Y (0) 280 FOR 1=1 TO 399
290 Y ( I ) = C X C I ) + X ( I - 1 ) ) MOD 2 300 P S E T ( l . N ) , YC1) 310 NEXT I 320 FOR 1=0 TO 399
330 X ( I ) = Y C I ) 34 0 NEXT I 350 NEXT N
The p r o g r a m c i t e d i s a k i n d of c e l l a r a u t o m a t o n ; a m o d e l of s e l f - p r o d u c i n g m a c h i n e s .
- 6 5 -
]AERI-M 89-119
described in Forth itself. Chigh expandability) and both in
low level like an assembler and in high level (high
productivity).
ln addition， a Forth system is simple and then it can
rather easily be assembled. This situation allows births of
many dialects of Forth， just like LISP. NEON used in well
known APPLE's Maclntoshs and STOIC in rumor in EPSON's are
also one of the dialects.
F orth Monitor
The structure of the monitor is basically the same as the
8-bit PC's， whose MPU is Z-80/2， 3/. The transportation into
the 16-bit PC's， whose MPU is 8086 or equivalent， has been
performed by rewriting only the kernel. in which several tens
primitive words ha'.巴 been assembled. A 8086 has been naturally
developed irom 品 8085， similar to a Z-80. A 32-bit 80386 is
then similarily developed from a 8068. 50me words in the
8086・s can be assembled more compact than in the Z-80 ・s.New!y prepared words are due to the differences between the
lardwares
Speed Tes t Exa mp 1巴
At present， only integer arithmetics is available in the
dev巴loping Forth system. A heart of a sample program written
in BASIC is then cnosen as/6/:
250 FOR N=l TO 399
260 YCO)=(X(0)+X(399)) MOD 2
270 PSETCO，N)，Y(O)
280 ドOR 1=1 TO 399
290 Y(I)=(X(I)+XCI-l)) MOD 2
300 PSET(l，N)，Y(l)
310 NEXT 1
320 FOR 1=0 TO 399
330 X(I)=Y(I)
340 NEXT 1
350 NEXT N
The program cited is a kind of cellar automaton; a model of
self-producing machines.
ED
DO
JAER I-M 89-119
The above BASIC p r o g r a m can be c o n v e r t e d in F o r t h p r o g r a m :
C Y-X B400H B000H 400H MOVE ) C AUTOS 400 1 do i B* BOO OH + DUP @ SWAP B - © + 2 /
DROP DUP i B* B400H + ! B800H @ i PSET loop ) C AUTO B002H SET1 , 400 1 do B000H 9 B31EH 0 + 2 /
DROP DUP B400H ! i DUP B800H ! 0 PSET AUTOS Y-X loop )
w h e r e Y-X c o r r e s p o n d s to l i n e s 3 2 0 - 3 4 0 in B A S I C ' S , AUTOS to l i n e s 2 8 0 - 3 1 0 and AUTO to 2 5 0 - 3 5 0 , i n c l u d i n g AUTOS and Y-X, r e s p e c t i v e l y .
In F o r t h , each s e n t e n c , n e w l y c o m p i l e d t a s k , i s i m m e d i a t e l y e x e c u t a b l e a n d a b l e t o b e , i n i t s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c , sub— r o u t i n i z e d in p r o c e e d i n g s e n t n c e c o m p i l a t i o n ; X—Y, AUTOS a n d AUTO can run q u i t e i n d e p e n d e n t l y . B400H and B000H a r e v a r i a b l e a r e a ; f o r X ( f ) and YCI) in B A S I C ' S , r e s p e c t i v e l y , b e i n g r e p r e s e n t e d d i r e c t l y i n t h e a b s o l u t e a d d r e s s e s i n a h e x a d e c i m a l e x p r e s s i o n .
The f o l l o w i n g l i s t s the e x e c u t i o n t i m e s in t h r e e k i n d s of p r o g r a m m i n g l a n g u a g e on NEC P C - 9 8 0 1 vm (10 MHz).
BASIC BASIC BASIC MS-Fo r t ran
N88-or;g inal on MS-DOS MS'-compiled
17:21. (rain:sec.XX) 18:38. 6:22. 1:22.
5. FORTH 6. FORTH 7. FORTH
listed tuned-up (1) tuned-up (2)
1 :05 . 0 : 4 8 . 3 0 : 2 8 . 6
In t h e t u n e d - u p ( 1 ) , s e p a r a t e p r i m i t i v e w o r d s a r e c o n c a t e n a t e d t o g e t h e r , c o m p o u n d p r i m i t i v e w o r d s ; " i B * " t o " i B * " , " t DUP 8 SWAP B - © +" to " +D+ " and " 2 / DROP DUP" to "MOD2D", r e s p e c t i v r l y . In the t u n e d - u p ( 2 ) , PSET in the BASIC'S o r i g i n a l s u b r o u t i n e s is r e p l a c e d by n e w l y p r e p a r e d one .
- 6 6 -
]AERI-M 89・ 119
in Forth prograrn: converted be above BASIC program can The
B400H BOOOIi 400H MOVE ) ( Y-X
B車 BOOOH + DUP @ SWAP B- @ + 2 / do 400 ( AUTOS
PSET loop )
BOOOH @ B31EH @ + 2 /
BBOOH @ B本 B400H + DROP DUP
loop ) o PSET AUTOS Y-X
do
DUP BBOOH
400
DROP DUP B400H
B002H SET1 ( AUTO
to AUTOS BAsrc ・S.in 320-340 1 i n e s to corresponds Y-X where
Y-X， and AUTOS including 250-350， to AUTO a:n d 280-310
respectively
:九 r0了:h，
execu 旦 b1 e
1 ine s
immediately 1S task. compiled newly sentenc. eacn
in proceed:ng sentnce
立じ i:e indepenaently
X(~) and Yく:) i:1 BAS1C' s. respectively，
addresses
sub-
and
characteris tic，
AUTOS
i t s
compilation; X-Y.
B400H and BOOOH
1 n be. to a b 1 e and
routinizee
varl一ar巴，;1..'TO
being
:-'Jn
: 0 r
can
a r e a::; aDム巴
a 1 n absolute t h e : n 己;e c y ~eDrese:--. eC.
e X:J ~ eニユ:0 r;. hexaa.e:iaユJ
of kinds th re e ln t i me s execut10n th e i s 二:O!lOWJng 『
‘ne
c1 0 MHz). vm on !~E:::; PC-980 1 language tfog:"'3.m:!11ng
(m i n : s e c. XX) :7:21. NB8-or;giπal E.A，S 1 C
18: 38. MS-DOS BAS~:::; 円， P
6: 22.
on
~lS'-compileè BP.SIC " 、"
1: 22. MS-?ortran ...
1: 05.
0: 48.3
listee
tunea-up (1)
tunee-up (2)
トORTH
FORTH 6.
0: 2B. 6 ドORTH7.
C on-
to B*"
are
l' i
words
words
primitive
primitive
separat巴
toge~her. compound
+ DUP @ SWAP B- @
tun巴 d-up(l).the
catena 巴d
In
to
the BASIC ・s
one.
2 / DROP DUP"
ln tuned-up (2).
by newly prepared
PSET
and +0+
au no
to
replaced
th e In respectivrly.
1 S subroutines
" i8牢
"MOD2D" •
original
J A F R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
D i s c u s s i o n a n d C o n c l u s i o n
T h e t a b l e c a n be i n t e r p r e t e d a s :
1) E v e n t h e s a m e p r o g r a m r u n s i n a d i f f e r e n t s p e e d : t h e OSs
c a n n o t a l w a y s o f f e r t h e e n v i r o n m e n t w n e r e a t a s k c a n r u n
f a s t , w h i l e t h e BASIC m o n i t o r c a n d o .
2 ) A c o m p i l e d t a s k of BASIC c a n r u n f a s t e r o n l y b y t h r e e t i m e .
2 ) A f o r t r a n c o m p i l e d t a s k , f a s t e r t h a n B A S I C ' S r o u g h l y by 10
t i m e .
4 ) F o r t h o n e of t h e c a s e , f a s t e r t h a n t h e F o r t r a n ' s .
5 ) T u n i n g - u p t e c h n i q u - e , a k i n d o f p r o t o t y p i n g / 7 / , i s p r o v e d a s
e f f e c t i v e o n e .
F o r r e a l - n u m b e r a r i t h m e t i c , a n u m e r i c d a t a p r o c e s s o r , NDP,
e . g . , 8 0 8 7 / 8 / f o r 8 0 8 G , c a n e f f e c t i v e l y b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h e
s y s t e m . T h e .\ rDP h a s t h e a r c h i t e c t u r e o f 8 8 0 — b i t s t a c k
r e g i s t e r s , w h i c h i s t h u s t h e m o s t s u i t e d t o F o r t h ' s f u n c t i o n ,
b e c a u s e F o r t h f u n c t i o n a l l y o p e r a t e s t h r o u g h t h e s t a c k ; p o p p i n g
d a t a u ? ar. d p u s h i n g d a t a d o w n . New p r i m i t i v e w o r d s f o r N D P ' s
o p e r a t i o n c a r . , t h e r e f o r e , b e p r e p a r e d m o r e d i r e c t l y t h a n f o r
M P C s .
T h e d i r e c t l y a d d r e s s i n g r a n g e o f 8 0 8 G ' s i s i n t r i n s i c a l l y
l i m i t e d t o S 4 k i i o - s y t e s ; t h i s l e a d s t o t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f
t h e s e g m e n t . T h u s t h e m u l t i - s e g m e n t p r o g r a m m i n g w i l l i n i t s
s t r u c t u r e b e c o m e r e s e m b l e t o t h a t o f mu1 t i - c o m p u t e r ' s , a s i n
F o r a d i s t r i b u t e d c o n t r o l s y s t e m , a s t a r - l i k e n e t w o r k may
b e b e t t e r t h a n a l o o p ' s , b e c a u s e t h e s y s t e m h a s . a p r i o r i , t o
b e i n a d e f i n i t e h i e r a r c h y .
T h e a u t h o r t h a n k s M. M i z u m o t o f o r h i s c o l l a b o r a t i o n o f t h e
m e a s u r e m e n t of t h e e x e c u t i o n s p e e d i n t h e c a s e s o f 2 . , 3 . a n d
4 .
References 1) M. C. Crowley-Miliing and C. C. Shering: CERN 78-07 2) Y. Kawarasaki: JAERI-M 86-112, p2S 3) Y.Kawarasaki: Proc. 10-th LINAC MEETING, p. 19 4) Trademark of FORTH Inc., 5) Y.Kawarasaki: Proc. 1-st Workshop on Control Systems,
KEK Report 87-25, p. 106 6) H. Takayasu:"Kractal" , p. 110, Asakura Publishing Co. 7) M. Arisawa:"Software Prototyping". Kindai-Kagaku Sha. 8) J. K. Palmer and S.P.Morse:"The 8087 Primer",John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. , New Yo rk
-67 — C68J -
]AF'RI-M 89-119
Discuss ion anci Conclusion
句、ム J
ih e
こven
t且ble can
t h e same
oe interpreted as
program runs J n a dif:erent
c an n 0 t always o f .: e r t h e environment wnere
r a s t. wh i 1 e the BASIC monitor c an do
speea: th e OSs
a task can :un
2) A comp led
:ortran
:ask g 0; BASIC can run faster only by
BASIC' s
th r e e t ime ..
さ〉 A c omp i 1 e d task， faster than roughly bv 10
t i rne.
4) ::-orth one o f th e c as e， faster than th e Fortran's.
5) ，un1ng-up tecnnJqu召， a kind of prototyping/i/， 1 S proved as
eifective on巴.
ト0: real-nurnber
e. g. • 8087.〆8/ for
ar i thrne t ic， a numerJC
8086， can e;fectively be
data processor，
incorporated in
:-JDP，
th e
sys tern. :コ E NDP nas t h e arch tecture o 1 8 8 O-b i t s t a c k
了 egister~ ， W九 i亡コ 1 S tnus th e 目)0S -: suited to ::-orth's function，
b e c a u s e ~. 0 r : ~ fュηctionally ope:ates
data U:O a;. Q pu~n ょ ng data down. ;J巴W
th rough th巴
prlmltiv日
s tack; popp ing
for NDP's words
oper旦， 0コ C 3:-: I ~here.:ore ， be prepared more directly th品n f 0 r
~lP じ・~ .
，、，ム ne ，.・ 1‘J
- . .、 address ing range o. 8086' s 1 S in:rinsica11y
~ .:mi :ed : 0 54 .. .ムワーコ yte!i t h i s よ巴 acs to t h e introduction 。f
:h巴 ニegr.1e:1 t ‘九 us th巴 mu':':i-segmeπt progr且mming will 1n j t s
s t rじ c~ u ;-己 bccoπ1丘 resemble to th a t 01 mul ti-computer' s， as 1n
:;0じ
.-J ー、ιA distr:buted control syst巴m， a s t丘r-1ike network may
Dヨ ヒ告.，巴了 th a:1 J. loop's， because th巴 system h as. a pr10r1，
'::>e 、，、 J込
i九 E
t 弓:.~r: ite hierarc:'y.
日己 :hor th3nk~ :-'!.~izumoto f 0 r his collaboration ，、』・，o f cases th e 1n speed execution th e o f m巴asu r巴me:1t
4.
References
1) .'01. C. C;owley-'>jlll ing 品nd G.C.Shering: CERN 78-07
2) Y. Kawarasaki: JAERI-M 86-112， p2S
3) Y. Kawarasak i: P r 0 c. 10-th LINAC MEETING. p. 19
4) Tradernark of FORTH 1 nc.
5) Y.Kawarasaki: Proc. 1-st Workshop on Cont~o1 Systems.
KEK Report 87-25， p.106
6) 日. Takayasu:"トractal"，p.110， Asakura ?ublishing Co.
7) M. Arisawa:明 Sof tware Pro to typ ing"， :¥inda i-Kagaku Sha.
o f
3.
8) J ド.?a 1m巴 r and S. P. :.10 rs巴・ "The 8087 Primer"，John Wiley &
Sons， 1 n c. ， New York
-67-(68)ー
to
the
and
J A E R I - M 89-119
II ATOMIC PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
-69~(70)-
)AERI-M 89-119
11 ATOM 1 C PHYS 1 CS AND CHEMI STRY
-69-(70)
J A E R I - M 89-119
2.1 HIGH-RESOLUTION ZERO-DEGREE ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (I)
Kiyoshi KAWATSURA, Masao SATAKA, Hiroshi NARAMOTO, Yohta NAKAI, Yasunori YAMAZAKI? Ken-ichiro KOMAKI? Kenro KUROK1, Furoinori FUJ1MOTO, Yasuyuki KANAI, Tadashi KAMBARA?**Yohko AWAYA?**and Nikolaus STOLTERFOHT****
Department of Physics, JAERI, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Hahn-Meitner Institute, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany
LniEoduction A great deal of attention has been paid to measurements of secondary
and Auger' electrons ejected in ion-atom collisions. High resolution studies have primarily been devoted to Auger electrons emitted from the target atom. Zero-degree electron spectroscopy was used to measure convoy or cusp electrons emitted during ion-atom interactions.
Recently, the method of zero-degree spectroscopy was applied to projectile Auger electrons reducing the kinematic broadening effects. At zero-degree observation angle of the electrons, the broadening effects cancel in first order.
In this work, we applied the method of zero-degree electron spectroscopy for fast ion-atom collisions. We measured high-resolution L-Auger spectra of S excited in collisions with He at an incident energy of 64 MeV. This method is well suited to avoid Doppler broadening effects normally causing problems in fast ion spectroscopy. The light target atom He and the relatively high energy projectile were chosen to establish the conditions for "needle excitation" i.e. the excitation of the inner-shell
2) electron without disturbing the outer shell electron.
Experiment. The experiments to measure Auger electrons in ion-atom collisions were
performed using electrostatic spectrometer inside a high vacuum scattering chamber at H2-2 beam line. The experimental setup is shown schematically
- 7 1 -
]AERI-M 89・ 119
2.1 H1GH-RESOLUTI0N ZERO-DEGREE ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (1)
Kiyoshi KAWATSURA. Masao SATAKA. Hiroshi NARAMOTO.
* Yohta NAKAI. Yasunori YAMAZAKI; Ken-ichiro KOMAK1;
宇* --*** Kenro KUROKI; Fuminori FUJJMOTO;" Yasuyuki KANAI;
***-- *** ------------**単位*Tadashi KAMBARA;" "Yohko AWAYA;" "and Nikolaus STOLTERFOHT
牢Department of Physics. JAER1. "College of Arts and Sciences.
** University of Tokyo. ""The lnstitute of Scientific and **本
lndustrial Research. Osaka University. "The Institute of
**ネ*Physical and Chemical Research. "-" "Hahn-河台itner lnstitllte，
Berlin， Pederal Republic of Germany
lnlroduction
A great deal of attention has been paid to measurements of secondary
and Auger electrons ejected in ion-atom col lisions. High resollltion
studies have primarlly been devoted to Auger electrons emitted from the
tarp;e t a tりm. Zerη-degree eleηtron spectroscopy was used lu measure convoy
01' cusp electrons emIlled during ion-atom interactions.
Recen t 1 y. the me lhod 0 f 1.ηro-degree spectroscopy was applied to 1 )
projectlle Augcr clectrons rηducing thc kinematic broadening effects:
λl ，:c!"o-degrηe nbsc>!"vation anr，le of the electrons. the broadening effects
cance 1 i n f i [・st or"dc!".
In this wりrk，we appl i仔d the method of zero-degree electron
speclroscopy for fast ion-atom cりllisions. We measured high-resolution L-:J+
Augぞrspectra of 5- exci ted in collisions with He at an incident energy of
64問eV" This method is well suiled to avoid Doppler broadening effects
normally causing problems in fast ion spectroscopy， The I ight target atom
He and the relatively high energy projecli le were chosen lo eslablish the
conditions for "needle excitation" i.e. the excitation of the inner-shell 2 )
electron wi thout dislurbing the outer shell eleclron:
E茎E豆ri!!!~ !l l
The experiments to measure Auger electrons in ion-alom col lisions werc
performed using electrostalic spectrometer inside a high vacuum scattering
chamber at H2-2 beam 1 ine. The experimental setup is shown schematically
l
n，t
j.\ERI-M 89-119
5 + in Fig. l. Projectiles of 64-MeV S were provided by the tandem accelerator facility at JAERI in Tokai. A beam of ions is carefully collimated to about 1.5 mm in diameter to avoid edge scattering, and directed into the scattering chamber and the target gas cell. The typical beam currents of 100 nA were collected in the Faraday cup, which was used for normalization of spectra.
Auger electrons were measured by a tandem-type electron spectrometer which was composed of two consecutive 45 parallel-plate electrostatic analyzers. The first device was used as a deflector to steer the electrons out of the ion beam, and the second as an analyzer to determine the electron energy with high resolution. To improve the electron energy-resolution, the deflected electrons were decelerated in the region between two grids in front of the analyzer to 50 eV by a retarding electric field. In the experiments, a typeal resolution achieved was AE/E = 10 full width at half maximum (FWHM). This resolution was sufficient to resolve individual Auger lines.
Resu]ts _and d i scuss i on In Fig. 2 an example is shown for a low-resolution secondary electron
spectrum observed at zero degree. The spectrum is obtained using 64 MeV 5 + S projectiles incident on a He-gas target. The dominating peak at 1.08
KeV (cusp) is due to electron loss to the continuum (ELC), whereas the low-and high-energy peaks in the vicinity of the cusp originate from the ejection of projectile Auger electrons emitted at 180 and 0 in the projectile frame, respectively.
In the experiments, the velocity of the projectiles is greater than that of the Auger electrons in the projectile frame. Therefore, electrons emitted with an energy F.' in the projectile frame are observed at 0 in the laboratory frame at two different energies
]/'> 1/2 2 E.. , = <t W ~ + E ' " V . (1) H,L p where the signs <• and - correspond to emission angles of 0 and 180 in the projectile rest frame, respectively. The quantity t = T m/M is the
P P projectile energy T scaled by the electron to projectile mass ratio. The Auger electron spectra observed in the laboratory frame were transformed to the projectile rest frame by using the following relation for the doubly
-72-
j.¥ERI-ld 89-119
5+ in Fig. 1. Projectiles of 64-MeV SV were provided by the tandem
accelerator faci 1 i ty at JAERI in '1'okai. A beam of ions is carefully
coll imated to about 1.5 mm in diameter to avoid edge scattering，品nd
directed into the scattering chamber and the targct gas ceJJ. The typical
bηam currents of 100 nA were col lected in the Faraday cup， which was used
for normalization of spectra.
Auger electrons were measured by a tandem-type electron spectrometer o
which was composed of two consecutive 45-parallel-plate electrostatic 1 1
analyzers:' The first device was used as a deflector to steer the
eJcctrons out of thc ion beam， and the second as an analyzer to determine
the electron energy wi th high resolution. To improve the electron energy-
resolulion， the dcfJcctcd electrons were dccelerated in the region between
two grids in fronl of the analyzer to 50 eV by司 retardingelectric field.
In the expc[.imcnts. a typ、cal rcsoJution achievcd wasδE/E = 10-3 full
width at hal f maximum (ドIrIHMl. This resolution was sufficient to resolve
individual Auger J ines.
fleslllls and d i scuss i on
In ~ig. 2 an example is shown for a low-rcsolulion secondary electron
spcclrum nbservt!d at I.ero dcgree. The spぞctrumis ohtained using 64 MeV 九+
S.' prnjcr.t i I cs i nηidcnt on a He-ga.s targcl. The dominating peak at 1.08
keV (CUSP) is dllC (n eleρlron loss to lhe continllum (ELCl， whereas the low-
and hip;h-energy peaks in thc vir.inily of lhe C¥JSp originate from the
ejection nf projeclilf' Allgcr円lectronsemitted at 1800 and 00 in the
projectile framc， respective!y.
ln lhe expcrimcnls， lhe velocity of the projectiles is greater than
that of the Auger cleclrons in the projcctile frame. Therefore， clectrons
令mittedwlth an f'nf'rgy E' in lhe projectile frame are observed at 00 in the
la.boratory frame at two different energies 112. ，-，.1/2，2 (1 ，，- + I~'''-)- ， (1)
干1.L p where lhe signs + and -correspond to emi日sionangles of 00 and 1800 in l~e
projectile rest frame. r巴spect i ve・y. The quantity = T m/M is the p p
projecti Je energy T scaled by th巴 electron to projecti le mass ratio. The P
Auger electron spectra observed in the laboralory frame were transformed to
the projer.tile rest frame by using the following relation for the doubly
nL
nt
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
differential cross section,
dF/dU' E'l da
dEd« .
A part of high-resolution Auger spectrum is given in Fig. 3. This spectrum corresponds to the high-energy (F^) Auger electrons, which were ejected to the angle of 0° in the projectile rest frame. The spectrum shows lines groups attributed to configuration ls 22s 22p 53s31 where 1=0,1 and 2. As expected the most intense group is attributed to the configuration Is 2s 22p 53s3d due to the dipole transition 2p -> 3d. The group due to the quadrupole transition 2p -» 3p is also found to be rather significant. The peak group at lowest energy clearly shows that the two lines were produced by the 2 p J / 2 - 2 P ; } / , fine-structure splitting. However, it is seen that each group of the whole spectrum exhibits individual lines whose identification requires further theoretical work involving atomic structure calculations.
References 1) A. Itoh, T. Schneider. G. Schiwietz, 7.. Roller, H. Flatten, G. Nolte,
D. Schneider and N. Sto 1torfoht: J. F'hys. B 16 C1983) 3965. 2) N. Stolterfoht: f'hys. Reports 146 (1987) 315.
Ion_ Beam
j q ^ J T B Gas Cell -EL
Magnetic Shielding
TL B
MCP
£ Spectrometer
TD" Faraday Cup
To Pump
Kig.l Experimental setup showing the target -gas cel l and tandem-type e lectron spectrometer.
• 7 3 -
JAERI-:'d 89・119
cross section， qfi-
r/
宵u-hHUl
--'-l
『
i
円
U-AU
AU
一・ニヒ~AU
di fferential
~円V品
目U
一，Au
dE
-JU
This
spectrum corresponds to thぞ high-energy (EH) Auger electrons， which were
ejected to the angle of 00
in the projectile rest frame. The spectrum
1 ines groups attributed to configuration lS22s22p53s31
A part of high-resolution Auger spectrum is given in Fig. 3.
where I=O，l
As expected the most intense group is attributed to the 2n 2n 5
configuration ls~2s~2pv3s3d due to the dipole transi tion 2p→3d.
shows
and 2.
The
group due to the quadrupole transition 2p→3p is aIso found to be rather
that the two significant. The peak group at lowest energy clearly shows
However， lines were produced by thぞ 2PI/2
- 2P3/2 fine-structure spl i tting.
is seen that each group of the whole spectrum exhibi ts individual 1 i nes i t
further theoretical work involving atomic whose identi ficalion requires
日tructurecalculalions.
References
Nol te， G. Platlen， Iloh， T. Schncidrr・G. Schiwietz， Z. Hり 11 er， 11. 1) A.
J. ドhys. Il 1 G (1983) 3965. Slolt('rfoht: D. Schn守iderand N.
( 1987) :n 5. 2) ，'IJ. StoJtcrfoht: !'hys. Ilcp叫rts 146
Mognetic
Shielding
To Pump
Experimental setup showing the largel-gas cell and tandem-type electron spectrometer.
9d
ni
ドig.1
J A E R 1 - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
64 MeV S 5 + -> He #88 J129 - 016
CO
o
0 1.0 2.0 ELECTRON ENERGY (keV)
i-ig.ll 1 ow- rcsn I it 11 op electron spectrum from 6-1-MeV S' + Ho collisions.
64 MeV S 5 + - He
GO
o
f: 0^ r -
1000
500
» 881130 - 0 0 2
80 90 100 110 ELECTRON ENERGY (eV
20
Fig.3 H igh- resn lu t ion L-Auger spectrum.
•74
jAERl-¥! 89-119
a881129-016 He
へ，町、、、¥、
，
th J
/ J
J 、
回い
S5十→64 MeV 10
5
<n
~ 1031-ニコO にJ
ょ
2.0 ( keV)
1.0 ELECTRON ENERGY
1O O
!ow-rcsolutlo日 ('Iectronspectrum from 64一切軒vS;l ~ + 11(' co 1 I i s i ons .
幹881130-002 山川一
ト一
υv一
川一ー
i-: r. -~
15つつ「x
力問的一円前
aN
0.
r<l
'" r<l 闘
にL
C¥J
1000
212 Cコ仁J
一ハU
-門
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1-
)
一
リ
v
一
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-
(
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-
-il
一Vl
一FU
一
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円
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J
ハUFL
1
O
High-res~lutlon L-Auger spectrum.
ー 74-
ドig.3
JAER I-M 89-11 9
2.2 ION CHANNELING SPECTROSCOPY OF SINGLE CRYSTAL AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
Tohru MITAMURA*, Kiyoshi KAWATSURA, Keiji KOTERAZAWA*, Hajime IWASAKI*, Yohta NAKAI and Mititaka TERASAWA*
Department of Physics, JAERI *Faculty of Engeneering, Himeji Institute of Technology
Radiation effect on lattice structure of single crystal austenitic stainless steel SUS310S under He ion bombardment was studied by a method of ion channeling spectroscopy. K X-rays of the constituent elements induced by the He ions as well as Rutherford back-scattered He ions were measured. From the analysis of the K X-ray spectra obtained, the lattice position of the alloying and impurity atoms and their disordering caused by the He irradiation were investigated. It was found that the impurity atom P is situated at the octahedral site of the fee crystal and it tends to displace from the site under the irradiations of the energetic He ion beams.
_1_ • Introduction Radiation damage in the materials caused by energetic neutron
bombardments is one of the most important items to be fully understood in nuclear reactor material development. It has been known that, during irradiation of energetic electrons or neutrons, the impurity or alloying atoms such as P or Si of the austenitic stainless steels move and concentrate to the sites of grain boundaries and that this phenomenon of so-called radiation induced segregation never ocurrs under only thermal
l 2) condition. , The present investigation was intended to make clear the fundamental
process of radiation damage by means of ion beam analysis method. Single crystal austenitic stainless steel SUS310S was chosen as a specimen. Location of tht impurity or alloying atoms in the fee lattice structure of the single crystal was studied as well as the mechanism and process of their displacements through the crystal lattice under energetic He ion beam irradiations. The He ion induced characteristic X-rays of alloying and impurity elements were measured as a function of angle around the
- 7 5 -
J A E R [ -t-.I 89-I I 9
2.2 ION CHANNELING SPECTROSCOPY OF SINGLE CRYSTAL
AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
Tohru MITAMURAオ， Kiyoshi KAWATSURA， Keiji KOTERAZAWA*，
Hajime IWASAKI安， Yohta NAKAI and Mititaka TERASAWA女
Department of Physics， JAERI
女Facultyof Engeneering， Himej工 Instituteof Technology
Radiation effect on lattice structure of single crystal austenitic
+ stainless steel SUS310S under He" ion bombardment was studied by a method
of ion channel工ng spectroscopy. K X-rays of the constituent elements
工nducedby the He+ ions as well as Rutherforj back-scattered He+ ions were
measured. From the analysis of the K X-ray spec七工aobtained， the lattice
position of the alloying and impu工ityatoms and their disordering caused by
the He+ irradiation were investigated. 工twas found that the impurity atom
P is situated at the octahedral site of the fcc crystal and it tends to
d工splace
beams.
from the s工teunder the irradlations of the erlerqetic He+ion
1. Introduction
Radiation duQage in the materials caused by energetic neutron
homba工dments is or.e of the most important items to be fully understood in
nuclear reactor mate工ial development. It has been known that， during
irradiation of energetic electrons or neutrons， the impurity or alloying
atoms such as P or Si of the austenitic stainless steels move and
concentrate to the sites of grain boundaries and that this phenomenon of
so-called radiation induced segregation never ocurrs under only thermal
1 2! condi tion. • ， L '
The present investigation waf' intended to make clear the fundamental
process of radiation damage by means of ion beam analysis method. Single
crystal austenitic stainless steel SUS310S was chosen as a specimen.
Location of thE impurity or alloying atoms in the fcc lattice structure of
the single crystal was studied as well as the mechanism and process of
their displacements through the crystal lattice under energetic He+ ion
beam +
irradiations. The He ion induced characteristic X-rays of alloying
and impurity elements were measured as a function of angle around the
Fhυ nI
J A E R I - M 89-119
<110>, <100> or <111> crystal axis and analyzed.
2.Experimental method A single crystal rod of austenitic stainless steel SUS310S was
prepared by the Bridgeman method. The specimens with the surface plane to be normal to the <110>, <100> and <111> crystal axis, respectively, were cut out from the rod.
He ions with an energy of 1.7 MeV accelerated by the 2 MV Van de Graaff accelerator of JAERI were bombarded at room temperature to a specimen, which was mounted on a three-axis goniometer and tilted for varying crystal orientation. The yields of He ion induced characteristic X-rays emittea from the specimen were measured as a function of the tilted angle through a crystal axis. A 30 mm 2 x 3 mm thick si(Li) detector with 15 um thick beryllium window was used for the X-ray detection. After about 10 hours irradiation of 1.7 MeV and 0.8 MeV He ions, the irradiation effect on the crystal structure was evaluated. Rutherford backscattering (RBS) measurement was supplementally performed with a solid state detector.
<110:> ALIGNED
W W\ -C H A N N E L
Fig.l Aligned(<110>) and random spectra characteristic X-rays induced by 1.7 MeV He + ion irradiations.
•76-
JAERI-M 89-119
<100> or <111> crystal axis and analyzed. <110>，
2.Experimental method
was SUS310S steel rod of austenitic stainless crystal single A
to The specimens with the surface plane by the Bridgeman method. prepared
were respectively， normal to the <110>， <100> and <111> crystal axis，
cut out from the rod.
+ He
be
de Van MV W工than energy of 1.7 MeV accelerated by the 2 lons
a
for
to temperature
工iltedand
room
mounted on a three-axis goniometer
crystal orientation. The yields of He+ ion induced
were bombarded at JAERI of accelerator
was which
Graaff
speclmen，
characteristic varylng
ti1ted X-rays emitteu from the specimen were measured as a function of the
A 30 mm2 x 3 mm thick Si(Li) with detector through a crystal axis. angle
After about 15 lJm thェckberylliJm window was used for the X-ray detection.
of 1.7 MeV and 0.8 MeV He+ irradiation the lons， irradiation hours 10
backscattering Rutherford on the crystal st工ucturewas evaluated. effect
measurement was supplementally performed with a solid state detector.
目回i吋昆
< 11 0> RAJID0t1
jf
(RBS)
ff CHANNEL
J「、'... ~ーー二三=ー-ーーー
Fig.1 Aligned(<110>) and random spectra characteristic
X-rays induced by 1.7 MeV He+ ion irradiations.
-76-
J A E R I - M 89-119
the specimen was +
3. Results Fig.l shows examples of the X-ray spectra obtained in the observation
of the virgin specimen with <110> axis. The upper one was in the case that the He ion beams was incident to the surface place in alignment with <110> crystal axis, while the lower one in the case that the He ion beam was incident at an angle of 2.2 off the aligned direction. K X-ray peak of P atom is clearly seen in the "aligned" spectrum. No visible peak could found in aligned spectra of <100> and <111> specimens. By computer spectral analysis, it is found that, only in the <110> specimen, the K X-ray yields curve (dip curve) of P atom has a rise when the ion beams align with the crystal axis.
In order to see the degree of radiation damages, bombarded by 1.7 MeV He' ions in random direction up to a fluence of 1.27 x 101 ion/cm"1 and, then, 0.8 MeV He ions up to 2.0 x 10 1 6 ion/cm2. Fig.2 shows the variations of K X-ray yield for each ele-
+ ment as a function of He ion fluence. The K X-ray yield of the impurity
with He ion fluence and those of ether elements increase. The Ni and Si X-ray yields are larger than other X-rays.
CO
3
r2~T5 .6 .8 i .O 1.2 -»-atom, P, decreases
+ x10 8 1-6 x10 16
He+ F L U E N C E (ion/cm2)
Fig.2 K X-ray yields as a function of the He + ion fluence.
Changes of full width at half maximum, 2f, and minimum yield, v , of Amin
the dip curve were analized as a function of He ion fluence. Value of 2y
in the case of major alloying elements, Ni+Fe+Cr, gradually decreased from 1.3 to 0.9 with increasing 1.7 MeV He fluence and sharply decreased to 0.4 after 0.8MeV He ion bonbardment. The Y . value increased from 0.2 to 0.4.
A m m In the Si dip curve, similar tendensies were observed.
-77-
]AERI-M 89-119
3. Results
Fig.1 shows examples of the X-ray spectra obtained in the observation
of the virgin specimen with <110> axis. The upper one was in the case that
the He+ ion beams was incident to the surface place in alignment with <110>
crystal axis， while the lower one in the case that the He+ ion beam was
incident at an angle of 2.2 off the aligned direction. K X-ray peak of P
atom is clearly seen in the "aligned" spectrum. No visible peak could found
in aligned spectra of <100> and <111> specimens. By computer spectral
analysis， it is found that， only in the <110> specimen， the K X-ray yields
curve (dip curve) of P atom has a rise when the ion beams align with the
crystal axis.
工n order to see the 3
-
5
+
a
a
e
m
w
H
a
d
v
n
e
n
e
M
c
m
工
l
勺J
t
c
-
a
e
-
--hr
d
s
y
a
・0
r
e
FL
、れ『d
O
十』
ed
e
z
e
a
p
L
由
e
e
o
d
q
J
b
N工ー一一一0
円
ζ
ions in random direction
up to a fluence of 1.27
18 ，_ _ I 内
10.0 ion/cm< and. th0n.
0.8 MeV He+ ions up to
2.0 x 10 16 工 on/cm~. Fig.2
(j)
日
〉イ
〉寸
~1 卜とご一一一一一一一一ー一一一ー一一一一P
shows the var斗ations0: K
X-ray yield for each ele-
+ men七 asa :unction of He
ーー白ーーー-e
ion fluence. The K X-ray
yield of the impurity 0
atom， P， decreases with +
He ion fluence and those
of other elements incrcJ-
se. The Ni and Si X-ray
yields are larger than
other X-rays.
Changes of full width at half maximum， 2'l'， and minimum yield， )(， ， of ，、m~n
+ the dip curve were analized as a function of He' ion fluence. Value of 2'l'
Fig.2 K X-ray yields as a function
of the He+ ion fluence.
in the case of major alloying elements， Ni+Fe+Cr， gradually decreased from
+ 1.3 to 0.9 with increasing 1.7 MeV He fluence and sharply decreased to 0.4
after 0.8MeV He+ ion bonbardment. The y ， value increased from 0.2 to 0.4. 円m~n
In the Si dip curve， similar tendensies were observed.
-77ー
J A E R I - M 89-119
4.Discussions Assuming that the P atom locates at the octahedral site of the fee
structure, the K X-ray yield from the P atoms will be prominent in the case of <110> axis channeling, and, in both cases of <100> and <111> axis channeling, P atoms will be shadowed by lattice elements and hence K X-ray yields will not be expected. And K X-ray yield in <110> axis channeling will be decrease. The present observation might be an evidence of this speculation. As He bombardments, P atoms move through the crystal lattice
According to the theoretical calculation for the 1.7 MeV He ion irradiation of total amount of 1.27 x 10 1 B ion/cm2, the dpa at the surface is 0.91 and the maximum dpa is 35 at a depth of 2.6 ym (near He range). In the 0.8 MeV He ion irradiation of the amount of 2.0 x 10 1 6 ion/cm2, the surface dpa is 0.02 and the maximum dpa is 0.47 at a depth of 1.3 ym 3 .As an X-ray excitation cross section strongly depends on the He ion energy, the 1.7 MeV He ion induced X-ray yields will be insensitive to damages at a depth of 2.6 pm where the dpa value is very high. The larger decrease of 2\\i value after O.SMeV He ion iradiation may be due to damages produced by the He irradiation at a depth of 1.3 \im.
It should be noticed that the X-ray yields increase especially in Ni and Si which have been pointed out to be the atoms which tend to show radiation induced segregation. Decrease of K X-ray yield of P atoms suggests that P atoms displace from initial lattice location site.
Acknowlegements The authors would like to thank to Dr.T.Aruga for providing dpa
calculation data obtained using his revised computer program code prior to publication.
References DK.Fukuya, S.Nakahigashi and M.Terasawa,Scripta Metal.,19(1985)959. 2)K.Fukuya, S.Nakahigashi, S.Ozaki, M.Terasawa and S.Shima: Enviromental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems Water Reactors, ed. by G.J.Theus and J.R.Weeks (The Metallurgical Society,1988) P.665.
3)T.Aruga, private communication.
- 7 8 -
]AERI-M 89-119
4.Discussions
Assuming that the P atom locates at the octahedral site of the fcc
structure， the K X-ray yield from the P atoms will be prominent in the case
of <110> axis channeling， and， in both cases of <100> and <111> axis
channeling， P atoms will be shadowed by lattice elements and hence K X-ray
yields will not be expected. And K X-ray yield in <110> axis channeling
will be decrease. The present observation might be an evidence of this
+ speculation. As He bombardments， P atoms move through the crystal lattice
According to the theoretical calculation for the 1.7 MeV He+ ion
i工radiationof total amount of 1.27 x 1018 ion/cm2， the dpa at the surface
is 0.91 and the maximum dpa is 35 at a depth of 2.6μm (near He range). In
the 0.8 MeV He+ ion irradiation of the amount of 2.0 x 1016 ionjcm2， the
surface dpa is 0.02 and the maximum dpa is 0.47 at a depth of 1.3μm 3) As
an X-ray excitation cross section strongly depends on the He+ ion energy，
the 1.7MeV He+ion lnduced x-ray yie ldswillbe insensitiveto damaqesat
a depth of 2.6ぃm where the dpa value is very hiヨh. The larger decrease of
+ 2中 valueafter 0.8MeV He ion iradiation may be due to damages produced by
the He irradiat工onat a depth of 1.3μm.
It should be noticed that the X-ray y工eldsincrease especially in Ni
and 5i which have been pointed out to be the atoms which tend to show
radiation induced segregation. Decrease of K X-ray yield of P atoms
suggests that P atoms displace from initial lattice location site.
Acknowlegements
The authors would like to thank to Dr.T.Aruga for providing dpa
calculation data obtained using his revised computer program code prior to
publication.
References
l)K.Fukuya， S.Nakahigashi and M.Terasawa，5cripta Metal.，19(1985)959.
2)K.Fukuya， S.Nakahigashi， 5.0zaki， M.Terasawa and S.Shima: Enviromental
Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems Water Reactors， ed.
by G.J.Theus and J.R.Weeks (The Metallurgical Society，1988) p.665.
3)T.Aruga， private communication.
oo ni
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
2.3 PERTURBED ANGULAR CORRELATION MEASUREMENT USING Pd-100/Rh-lOO NUCLEAR PROBES
Hiroshi NARAMOTO, Yukio KAZUMATA, Masumi OHSHIMA, Masao SATAKA, Kiyoshi KAWATSURA, Yohta NAKAI, Sadae YAMAGUCHI*, Shinji NAGA.TA* and Yutaka FUJI NO**
Department of Physics, JAERI, institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, **Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University
1.Introduct ion In the course of materials analysis, the interaction of energetic ions
with atoms in solids gives us fruitful information about the microstructure of atomir arrangement. The ion beam analysis using such as Rutherford backseattering, nuclear reactions and inner-shell excitation combined with channeling can locate the the relevant atoms in the real space, crystallographies I 1 y . The information obtained is direct and the elaborate process for data-hand 1i rig is not necessary. But the results are the averaged ones in their nature, .tnd it: is difficult to extract the information about the distribution of the occupation of the relevant atoms. The specroscopic analysis is the eounter part of the ion beam analysis mentioned above.
Since the finding of the alloy-effect on the lattice location of deuterium atoms in the bee niobium crystal lattice usin^ the ion beam analysis
, we have developed the measurement system for the spectroscopic analysis like Mossbauer spectroscopy and time differrential perturbed angular correlation measurement (TDPAC). For the study about the alloy effect, are chosen the two kinds of unstable nuclear probes such as Pd-100/Rh-100 and In-111/Cd 111 which are expected to be smaller and larger in the atomic radii compared with niobium atoms, respectively. Here in this report, the recent development of the system for TDPAC measurement is described.
2.Recoil implantation procedure In this study, we started with the TDPAC measurement using Pd-100/
Rh-100 nuclei. These nuclei were introduced into various kinds of samples through recoil implantation after nuclear fusion reaction between incident 100 MeV C-12 ions and Nb 93 atoms in the thin foil target. Judging from the excitation function and the recoil energy, Nb foils with 4 micron thickness
-79-
]AERI-M 89-119
2.3 PERTURBED ANGULAR CORRELATION MEASUREMENT USING
Pd-l00!Rh-l00 NUCLEAR PROBES
1.Introduction
Hiroshi NARAMOTO. Yukio KAZUMATA. Masumi OHSHIMA.
Masao SATAKA， Kiyoshi KAWATSURA. Yohta NAKAI.
Sadae YAMAGUCHI*. Shinji NAG必TA*and Yutaka FUJINO六六
Department vf Physics. JAERI. 大Institute for Materials
Research. Tohoku University. 六六Faculty of Engineering，
Tohoku University
In thp course nf mat~rjals analysis， the interaction uf energetic ions
with atnms in solids日ivesus fruitful inlυrmation abnut the microstructure J )
of atomit' aITang仔ment. The ion beam 礼nalysis.' using such as Rutherford
backsc司ttぞt'in芯、 nu，， 1いarre昌ctions and inner-shpl j exじitationcombined with
chan1lpJing (社n IU(';lt.. tht' the re[evant はtoms i n t he re司1space. crystallo-
gl\aphi('all~'. Tlw infol'mat ion ()!Jt;ulled i5 dirpC't and the elaborat σprocess
fot' dal:l'h，1ndling 片 not nc吋ドH円札t'y. But the r('sults art' the averaged ones
in thpir 1Iilturρ 句・wd il i5 difficult to t'xtract the information about the
distrllluti()1I】 f t h.・りcnl!川tion 01' thp 1'.devant atoms. The specroscopic
analvsis IS thド"()lInt.'1' pa1'tリ fthp i01l b.~am anaJysis mentioned above.
Sirlt'P 111<' fllldill片山 1h.・alloy-effpcton the lattice location of deu-
1仔r1 um ;ll日日lS i n t hド /)('(' Iliobium crystelj 1品tticeUSiIlf， the jOIl beam analysis ~ )
we ha¥'t' d l'VP 1 UP'川1t h い mf~a 日 urement system for the spectroscopic analysis
[ike Mo日目b;1¥1<'l' spい('¥l'り弓どのいV 司nu time differrential perturbed angular cor-
r仔 lation ITIt!在日urドmpnt(TDPAC) ドnr the study about the al10y effect. are
chosen t ht' t¥.，.o k i nds け fUll日t.1blpnuclear probes such as Pd-l00/Rh-l00 and
1 n-1111 Cd 111 wh i (' h ，1 re ぃxp刊 ted to be smaller and larger in the atomic
radii compared with nioblum 司toms，respeぞtively. Here in this report， the
recpnt develnpment of thり 5ystemfor TDPAC measurement is described.
2Reco i 1 implantat ion procedure
1n this study. we started with the TDPAC measurement using Pd-l00/
Rh-l00 nuclei. These nuc1ei were introduced into various kinds of samples
thl'ough recoi1 implantation after nuclear fusion reactioIl between incident
100 MeV C-12 ions and Nb-93 atoms in the thin foil target. Judging from the
excitation function and the rccoil energy， Nb foi1s with 4 micron thickness
-79一
JAERI-M 89-119
were prepared and the best efficiency of recoil implantation was assured. Nb samples implanted at high and low temperature were prepared for a com-
6+ parison of i rradiat ion-induced effect. We used 0. 5M. 0 juA of 100 MeV C ion beam, and the ion beam was scanned two-dimensionally in the case of recoil implantation into the specimens with low melting point even if the substrate of specimens was cooled down to about 120 K. The reasonable radioactivity of probe nuclei was obtained after 12 hour irradiation. During the irradiation, the two-dimensional temperature distribution was measured under the in-beam condition using the detecting system of infrared 1ight emiss ion.
3.Experimental procedure and results The 84-75 keV(gamma-gamma)casdade in Rh-100 is ones of the favourable
examples for TDI'AC measurement. The intermediate state at 75 keV, with a 3) half life of 215 nsec, magnetic moment(u)= + 4.321 (8) and the quadrupole
4) moment(0) 0.07G(20)b make Kh-100 an excellent probe for the study of magnectic and electric quadrupole interactions even in the materials system such as metal hydrides and oxide superconductors. TDPAC measurement is performed using four N'a 1 detectors arranged perpendicularly with each other, where the coincidence procedure is controled by a personal computer, and the gated spectra are obtained directly. 6 gated time spectra are recorded simultaneously, and about 30 hour measurement is necessary for the good st at i st ics.
In the induced gamma-ray spectrum from Mb foil irradiated with 100 MeV C-12 ions, most of the photo peaks can be attributed to only the decay of Pd 100/Rh-100 probe nuclei, and no interference effect is found in the spectrum. Fig. 1 shows the induced gamma-ray spectrum measured with germanium detector. In the case of recoil implantation into yttrium oxide superconductors, the radioactive nuclei induced through the nuclear reactions of component nuclei with incident carbon ions form the photo peaks around the 75-84 gamma-ray cascade, and this technique is not applicable to such multi component system with larger atomic number.
Fig. 2 shows the R(t) spectrum obtained from the Nb sample irradiated at high temperature(estimated to be more than 800 K). R(t) is calculated through the relation of .((n(z, t) -n(/r/2 , t)) / (n(;r, t) +n(^/2 , t)) ) to eliminate the component of exponential decay where (n(;r,t) and n(;r/2,t) are gamma-ray time spectra taken at % and %/'l arrangement, respectively. In this figure, the existence of any pertubed effect is not observed. This result assures
-80-
JAERI-M 89・119
were prepared and the best efficieLcy of recoil implantation was assured.
Nb samples implanted at high and low temperature were prepared for a com-6+
parison of i rradiat ion-induced effect. We used 0.5へ1.0 μA of 100 MeV C
ion beam. and the ion beam was scanned two-dimensionally in the case of re-
coil impl::mtation into the specimens "'ith low melting point even if the
substrate of speじimens was cooled down to about 120 K. The reasonable
radioactivity of probe nuc1ei was obtained after 12 hour irradiation
During the irradiation， the Iwo-dimensional temperature distribution was
measured under the in-beam condition using the detecting system of infrared
1ight emission.
3Experimental procedure and results
The 84-75 keV(gamma-gamma)casdade in Rh-Ion is unes of the favourable
examples [01' TDI'λC mぞasur!:'ment. The int時rmedi:Jl.e 5tat仔 at 7;) keV. with a 3)
half life of 215 nsゼc. magnゼti c mo日wnt(uì ←令 4.:12.1(a)~' and the quadrupole 4)
moment(Cl)'.().07G(20)b" makゼ Rh-}uo an exc骨 11りnt probe i'or the study of
m司χnρ('1icωnd electri.' quadrupole intf'ractiりnsPVf'n in the materials system
S¥l<‘h 'lS mド tdl hydrid.'日 andoxide sup<'rconductors. TDPAC measurement is per
fo l'f日刊1llS i 11ぇ iりur :'>lal delpτto['s arran日ed P'、l'(H'ndicularly with each other，
whe rp l ht， <:0 i nc i denc<' p 1'0仁edul'e is cont l'oled by a personal computel'. and
thp は‘tt刊 i日PP(.t1';1 arp ()!>Llinpd direct ly. Gル1t 刊 It imp spectra are recorded
，.， imlll t川l<'O¥lS1 Y ， はnd abou t :¥0 hou [' mぞ辻suremゼnt 日 rlPC(l日目礼 ry for the good
S 1 ;lt 1日t[<'s.
In t hい i llduc..d g;¥lnm社一 raysp仔ctrumfrom Nb Foil irrddi・.tpdwith 100 門eV
C' 12 りns， mり日1 り fthf' ドhoto pe礼ks can be attributed tり {】nly the decay of
Pd }(J()(Rh-J()() probp nur/"， j， and no interF円renc仔，'ffec:f is fOllnd in the
片pec:lrllm ドig. } 'ihow日 the i ndllced gamma -ray spぞctrum nH':1sUl、円I¥"i th ger
manium detectol'. In the case of recサil implantation into yttrillm oxide
日Upf!I'Condlld01'5. t hド radio品ctive nuclci induced throllgh the nuclear r仔ac-
t ions 01' component nuclei with incident carbon ion弓 fol'sl the photo peaks
arollnd th円 75.84gamma-ray cascade， and this technique is not app1icable to
such muJti ぞomponentsystem with larger atomic number.
Fig. 2 shows the R(t) spectrum obtained from the Nb sample irradiated
at high temperature(estimated to be mure than 800 K). R(t) is calculated
through the relation of .((n(7[， t)-n(7[/2，t))j(n(7[， t)+n(7[/2，t))) to eliminate
the component of exponential d仔caywhere (n(7[， t) and n(7[/2，t) al'e gamma-ray
time spectra taken at 7[ and 7[/2 arrangement， respectively. In this figure，
the exist enc巴 of any pertubed effect is not observed. This result assures
-80-
]AER I-M 89-1 19
the substitutional replacement of probe nuclei in bcc Nb crystal lattice after annealing the irradiation-induced defects. Some perturbations are observed in the sampleswhich were irradiated with He and H ions after the introduction of probe nuclei.
If we employ a sample with smaller atomic number, the recoil implantation is successful. Fig.3 shows the precession spectrum from recoil implanted Be foil. Huge oscillation is observed with the cycle of about 3.2 MHz. This large pertubation can be attributed to the probe nuclei embed in the non-cubic hexagonal crystal lattice of Be sample.
References l)For example; .] K. Mayer and F. Rimini ed. : Ion Beam Handbook for Material Ana I ys i s(Academ ic Press. Inc., N'ew York. San Francisco, London, 11)77) .
2)11. N'aramolo. K. Kaw.it sura. M. Sataka, Y. Sugr/.aki. Y. Xakai, K. Ozawa, S Y.imaguch i . Y. Fuji no and M. Aok i . Xucl. Inst. .ui<i Meth. B33 (19HH) 595.
.'i)K. Matthias ,uid !). A. Shirley. Xucl. J n*-t j . and Met)]. J_5 (l!)(i(i) .'SOU. 1)K. Vianden. F. X. Kaufmann. I\. A Xaumann and (i. Schmidt, Hypei'fine I nt i'Mi'1 ions 7 ( l')7!)) 2 17.
o
>-
100 200 500 600 300 400 Energy (keV )
Fig. 1 Induced gamma ray spectrum from Nb target foil when bombarded with 100 MeV C 12 ions.
-81
) A E R 1 -:-'1 8 9 -1 1 9
lattice crystal ~b in bcc nuclei probf、of reぃlacementsubstitutional the
Somp perturbations ar官 ob
ιlnd H
after annealing thρil't'adiat ion-induced defドr:ts
the after lons He with irradi斗 t廿dwere sampleswhich the In served
introduction of probe nuclei，
implan-thf' rぞcoi 1 。「》i
l --S昌mpl守 with smallf'!' at"mic 1 f we employ ;~
1m recoil the pre仁日sSlon 沿いectrull1 froll1
is o!J日目、V引 iwi t h
F ig，:'> shm，'s i 5 successfu 1 tatlon
lhe cycle of about 3，2
lal'ge p円rtubat ion can Iw 凡ttributpd tり tIl!' P rυb，・ nuelei Pll1bed in
Huge oscillation fo i 1 planted Be
This 円Hz，
Rt) S九日Ipll' l礼ttIぞc()f th円 nUII-rul>i亡 hpxagけnal cryst孔 l
References
1 )ドリ「 ドX辻1l1!>lぃ for 《〉a《
、t
1
1
T
1
，
i
i
I
I
I
-，E B t
S3
i
}
-}
【l
l
t
B e
1
1
1
m
hn E 司nd~1a\' f'!、¥'I
London， 日，111 Ft''1nC' i ~('O ， ¥1'¥ぜ¥'()!、k，{ -I
I
、1:1tρrl在lλn斗 j~'S 1" (λC司demi(' t'rpss
lリ77)
l)ZawCl ， K ¥al、辻 1，¥' 日11えl!.ぺi、Iy 討.¥1目t!;.¥、11¥.¥¥¥'.¥ t SI¥ 1'.¥， 五¥‘i1' ;11l1() 1け!;:) 11
11:¥: i (1リHll) 595
1:， (1%(;)
S，'hmidt
"11<1 '1，，( h 1 1¥'，1 ¥1¥1' 1 ¥()i¥.1 ト111 I 11" ぺ11<1:1 、1 )'，1¥11ぺばl!('hj ， 日
}
《)
l
'》。111<1、1.‘th 111、1I¥11'‘l トヲIij l' I • '¥ 、J.I1t h 1・lS dlld 1I l
j
i
flq)f、 I'fj Ile -〈ー¥;JUm;11l11 。L:¥.¥11 f I1ldl1Tl
Illlド1'，い tj"ll'-' 7 (1 '17(1) ;: 17
X ¥' 1守 111.1，・11t l
)
l
っ臼ド回一町一!
色戸市山
〉町
亡3区
一105f-x ‘n c コO u
- 104
てコQ)
〉ー
〉、 103
o 口二
下、内
10‘
106
600 500 400 300 200 100 10'
(keV) Energy
[ndu仁仔d 芯ammaray spe('lrum from Nb tar宮el foil when bombarded with
1
00
l0n5， 100 MeV C 12
Fig
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
TDPAC0I85
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
i o.o -0.2
-0.4
,0 200 Channel Number
400 600 800
'%.--•
-0.6-
^ ^ A ^ ' A , * * , •,•-,''•, ,-vV'--."~:---,'-.v.--y
l'
100 200 300 Delay Time (ns)
400
2 K(t.) spectrum in as prepared Nb foil when bombarded with 100 MeV (' !2 ions at higher temperature.
0. 3 e : Pd-100/Rh-100
^ 0 . 0
- 0 . l-i
• • •
• •
• • • . / ••* • . #
• • • •••
0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 T i m e { n s )
3 R(t) spectrum of' Pd-100/Rh-]00 probe nuclei in recoil implanted Be fo i1 sample.
-82-
J A E R 1 -j，1 89-1 1 9
08P 200
Channe 1 Number 400 600 800
rDPAC 0165
0.6ト
0.4
0.2
0:: 0.0 し.・\\~:-:. ."九千ィ、ふ~よλ;t回二~・'.!l.:':: ，. ~I~_'~!.:\~~. ~'::...:， " ・白;汽・・4
-0.2ト
-0.4し:
-0.61・
-0.8 O
ム
100 200
Delay Time (ns)
一」←
300 400
ト l ト~ f，!( t )日P'、【 trum In a日 pr，、paredNb foi 1 when bombarded with 100 MeV
(' 12 iりnsat h i 日h('!'t cmp，'rat.ure.
lil--』
-t必ハ) :3 e : Pd-100/Rh-100
..・• ごo.0
0:
• • • • .• • • .• .
，
•• •• • • • •• • •• •• • •• • • • • • •• . ，
•• • • -a，
ー.. • -• •• . ・'・・
-O. 1 O 100 200 300 400 500
Time (ns)
Fig. 3 R(t) spectrum Of' Pd-1001日h-l00probe nuclei in recoil implanted Be
f() i 1 sample
-82-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
2.4 IONIZATION MEASUREMENT IN A GAS TRAVERSED BY A BEAM OF HIGH-ENERGY HEAVY ION
Katsutoshi FURUKAWA, Shin-ichi OHNO, Yoshihide KOMAKI, Hideki NAMBA*, Yasushi AOKI*, Yohta NAKAI**
Department of Chemistry, *Department of Research, **Department of Physics, JAERI
1 . Introduction Information on the track structure of high-energy heavy ion is
needed to understand the relation between physical quantities and observed radiation effects on matter '. The initial energy deposited is composed of two parts: a "core" which is formed along tre incident ion track and a much more diffuse "penumbra" which is the results of many secondary electrons emitted by the incident ion. Here, we aim at experimental measurements of the W-value of Ar gas for heavy-ion of the energy range 100-150 MeV from the JAERI Tandem accelerator.
The method employs a large cylindrical ionization chamber filled with a gas at variable low pressure. A collimated beam of the incident heavy ion is introduced into the ionization chamber, and from the resulting ionization current in the chamber, we may get information on the energy deposit around the incident ion track. The method is based in prin-
2) ciple on the work reported by Wingate and Baum ;.
2. Experimental A schematic view of the ionization chamber used in the present work
is shown in Fig. 1. It is placed inside the vacuum vessel into which the collimated beam of high-energy heavy ion from the Tandem accelerator is introduced through a set of apertures ( 0.1 and 0.5 mm diameters ). These apertures also serve as a differentially evacuating system for the beam transport tube ( 10~' Torr ) while the chamber contains a gas at atmospheric pressure. The position of the two apertures are adjustable in three dimensions by the remote controlling system. The sample gas is admitted into the vessel through an automatically controlled leak valve ( MKS 248A ) so that the pressure of the sample gas in the chamber may be kept constant within the range from 10"* to 10 Torr. The pressure is measured
-83-
]AERI-M 89句 119
2.4 IONIZATION ト也ASURill也NTIN A GAS TRAVERSED
BY A BEAM OF HIGH-ENERGY HEAVY ION
Katsu七oshiFURUKAWA， Shin-ichi OHNO， Yoshihide KOMAKI， Hideki N必ffiA*， Yasushi AO丈Z特，Yohta NAKAI持 発
Departmen七 ofChemistry，長Departmentof
Research， 養努Depar七mentof Physics， JAERI
1. Introduc七ion
Informa七ion on 七he 七racks七ruc七山・坦 of high-energy heavy ion is
needed to understand the relation between physical quantities and observed
1) ・・...~radiatュon告ffectson ma七七er'J. The 工nl"L工aユenergy deposited is composed of
two par-:ョ a"cつ?巴" which is formed along ~re inciden七 iontrack and a
much more diffuse "penumbra"山 ichis七heresul七sof many secondary eユec-
trons emit七edby七heinciden七 ion. Here， we aim a七 experimental measure-
ments of the W-vaユ1ょeof Ar gas for heavy-ion of the energy range 100-150
MeV f::-om七heJAERI ~andem accelera七or.
The ne七hod eaploys a large cylindrical ionization chamber filユed
with a gas a七 variableユowpressure. A collima七edbeam of 七he incident
heavy ion is in七roducedin七o七heioniza七ionchamber， and from七he resul七-
ing ioniza七ion curren七 inthe chamber， we may ge七 information on the
energy deposit around the incident ion七rack. The method is based in prin-
ciple on七he.work reporもedby Wingate and Baum2).
2. Experimentaユ
A schematic view of the ionization chamber used in七hepresen七work
is shown in Fig. 1. 1七 isplaced inside the vacuum vessel in七owhich the
collima七ed beam of high-energy heavy ion from七heTandem accelera七or is
introduced through a set of aper七町田( 0.1 and 0.5 mm diameters). These
aper七ures also serve as a differen七iallyevacuating sys七emfor 七he beam
transpo吋 tube ( 10-7 Torr ) while the chamber con七ainsa gas at a七mos-
pheric pressure. The position o[ the two apertures are adjustable in three
dimensions by七heremote controlling sys七em.The sampユegas i6 admit七ed
into 七hevessel through an automaticaユユycontrolled leak valve ( 阻 S 248A
so that the pressure of the sample gas in七hechamber may be kept
cons七回七 within七herange from 10-4七o102 Torr. The pressure is measured
ハ〈
U00
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
Ion beam
to BARATRON n Vacuum vessel 8=
2*
S» 1OOOmm
160mm^ Collecting electrode
High voltage electrode _ T _ n
to TMP
Ar gaa inlet
to TMP
to electrometer or pulse count system
• to H.V.
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the ionization chamber
with a Baratron capacitance manometer ( 310CA ). The intensity and energy of the ion beam from the accelerator was
adjusted in some measurements by using Al foils of various thickness placed in front of the aperture system. The energy of the ion is decreased by letting the ion-beam transmitted the Al foil by an amount which can be estimated from data on stopping cross sections. The number of the high-energy ion incident into the ionization chamber was determined by counting electric pulses. Either the electrons or ions produced by an incident high-energy ion are collected without any amplification with the aid of an appropriate applied electric field, forming an electric pulse on the collecting electrode in the chamber.
The typical shape of the pulse is shown in Fig. 2. The pulse width is nearly 2 usee. The number of the incident ions entering the cylindrical chamber was kept less than 10-5
particles per second to avoid a "pileup". The ionization currents were measured with an electrometer(ADVANTEST 8652).
Fig. 2 An electric pulse formed by an incident ion (120MeV I 7 +) in the ionization chamber filled with an Ar gas (10 Torr) 3. Results and discussion
1) Saturation charactristics The saturation curves for the 165 MeV S ions entering the chamber
containing Ar gas at various pressures are shown in Fig. 3. The saturation currents obtained at the gas pressure of 50 and 100 Torr are nearly the
-84-
] A E R 1 -1>.1 89 -J 1 9
Vacuum vessel Ar gas inlet
1000mm
Ion bea皿
ーーー-ーー-:・ーーーJ-一ー一ーー一一ーー一ー一ーーーーーーーー一一ーーーーー一一Collec七ingelectrode I
to TMP to electrome色eror
pulse count system
to H.V.
Fig. 1 Schernatic diagrarn of七heionization charnber
wi七ha Baratron capaci七ancernanometer ( 310CA ).
The in七ensityand energy of the ion bearn from the acce1erator was
adjusted in sorne rneasuremen七sby using A1 foi1s of various 七hickness
p1aced in fron七 ofthe aperture system. The energy of the ion is decreased
by 1e七七ingthe ion-beam transmitted 七heA1 foi1 by an arnoun七whichcan be
estimated from data on stopping cross sections. The number of the high-
energy ion inciden七 intothe ionization chamber was de七erminedby coun七ing
e1ectric puユses. Either the e1ectrons or ions produced by an inciden七
high-energy ion are collected without any amp1ifica七ionwith the aid of an
appropriate applied e1ectric fie1d， forrning an eユec七ric pulse on 七he
collecting electrode in the chamber.
The typicaユshapeof the
pulse is shown in Fig. 2. The
pu1se width is nearly乏Llsec.
The number of七heincident ions
en七ering七hecylindrica1 charn-
ber was kep七ユess 七han 105
par七icユesper second七oavoid a
"pileup". The ioniza七ion cur-
rents were rneaeured with an
electrome七er(ADVANTEST 8652).
3. Resu1七sand discussion
1) Saturation charactris七ics
Fig. 2 An elec七ricpu1se formed by an
inciden七 ion(120MeV r7+) in七he
ioniza七ionchamber filled with an Ar
gas (10 Torr)
The sa七ura七ioncurves for七he165 MeV S10+ jons entering七hechamber
con七ainingAr gas a七 variouspressures are shown in Fig. 3. The satura七ion
curren七日 ob七aineda七七hegas pressure of 50 and 100 Torr are near1y七he
-84-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
< 300 c
£ 200 u
.2 100 ra 'E o
P= 50 Torr ! P-100 Torr
• • • • •
P = 10 To r r i • • • • •
. . . • • • • p : p . 4 5 T,orr(x1,0 ) 800 200 400 600
C o l l e c t i o n p o t e n t i a l ( V ) 1 D +
Fig. 3 Saturation curve obtained with 165 MeV S' u x in Ar gas same value, indicating that the incident ions from the accelerator are completely stopped within the ionization chamber. This has been confirmed
3) by the expected ion ranges calculated from mean ion depth &&tsrJ. 2) W-value
W-value is the ::;»an energy required to create an ion-electron pair when an incident L.m 's "topped in the gas. Thus, if N ions of energy E lose all their energy in the gas and produce ionization current I then W is given by
W = E N e '' I (1) where e is the electronic charge.
W-value which have been determined in the present experiment using equation (1) arc LisVi in the Table 1.
Table 1 W-value determined in the present experiment
Ion I Energy
JMeV 23.1 ,10+
.10+ 86.7
Rate of incident ions
/o
Ionization current nA
Ion pair yield 10 6
W-value
110 0.016 0.91 25.4 1.5x10*+ j 8.64 3.6 24.1
The intensity and energy of S 0 + ion beam was adjusted by using an Al foil of 25 um or 41 um thickness. The resulting energy of the ion passing through the foil was calculated from data on stopping cross section^.
The W-values for Ar gas thus obtained and including the previously reported ones are shown in Fig. 4 as a function of the incident ion energy. The results indicate that W-value is clearly dependent on the energy of the incident ion.
•85-
]AERI-:-，[ 89-119
。o qu
(《C)宮』
ω』』コ
υcoz悶N-c
。
200ト
r-r
・0 • T
'
-
nu
・5
・-nr
・-• • p: 100 Torr .・・・ー.・・-• •
100
-F-}一
00」
HHム
O
X
一4，，‘、-V--
v・-o一
T'
一Ru-
-'ト一
必『一
v
・・問、z'
げ・。一α
E
!
!
T
，DLad-
nu--
一
1
・一
-
-
E
E--」.・一.i--一-一.hv-
Collection potential
600 800
(v)
Fig. 3 Satura七ioncurve ob七ainedwith 165 MeV S10+ in Ar gas
same va1ue， indicating that the incident ions from the accelera七or are
cornpletely stopped within七he ionizatirπ ch:~mber. Tl:is has been confirrned
3) by the expected ion ranges ca1culated frorn rnean i()!' depth da七a
2) W-vaユue
'w-value; ::.s tIc:e ::;'，an energy reql1Í ~ed to create an ion-electron pair
when a!l inc :':i古n七二、!l己主+'oppedin the gus. Thus， if N ions of energy E
10se all their ener~y in the eas and oroduce :onization current 1 then W
is given by
't，'=ENe 1 )
1
rdt
、
where e is the electrっnicchal'ge.
W-value wl:iつ:1):9.ve been de七erminedin the present experiment using
equ旦tion (1) aニ・。ニひ iiπ t:1e Table 1.
Tab1e 1 W-γa1ue determined in the present experimen七
10niza七ion 10n pair W-value
ns curren七 yield
nA 106
0.016 0.91 25.4
一上尾.64 3.6 24.1
10+ The intensityand energy of S'VT ion beam was adjusted by using an
Al foi1 of 25 urn or 41 um七hickness.The resu1ting energy of 七he ion
passing through the foi1 was ca1cu1ated from data on s七oppingcross sec-
七・ 4) 工on
The W-values for Ar gas七husobtained and including the previously
reported ones are shown in Fig. 4 as a function of七heincident ion ener-
gy. The resuユtsindicate七ha七 W-va1ueis c1early dependent on七he energy
of七heincident ion.
pb
oD
JAER I-M 89-119
80
60
> 40
2 0 -
* r *-| 1 1 1 — I I I I I | 1 1 1 — I I I M
• 5 ) • Ar CHEMTOB(1977) • S 1 0 + This work
J_ 10 10^ 10- 10" 10-
Energy ( keV )
Fig. 4 W-values for incident ions in Ar gas
It is generally considered that, for the heavy incident ion, the fraction of the energy transferred to kinetic energy of gas atom due to nuclear collision becomes rather large at low energies, producing a corresponding increase in W-value.
Our present results will show that W-value for the heavy ion such as S up to several tens MeV is still dependent on the energy.
We thank Mr. T. Yoshida for his technical advice in constructing the differential pumping system.
Reference 1) A. Chatterjee and J. L. Magee, "6th Symposium on Microdosimetry,"
J. Booz and H. G. Ebert, Eds (1978). 2) C. L. Wingate and J. W. Baum: Radiat. Res., 65, 1 (1976). 3) U. Littmark and J. F. Ziegler: "Handbook of Range Distributions for
Energetic Ions in All Elements," Pergamon Press, N. Y., (1980). 4) J. F. Ziegler: "Handbook of Stopping Cross-Sections for Energetic Ions
in All Elements," Pergamon Press, N. Y., (1979). 5) M. Chemtob, B. Lavigne, J. Chary, V. D. Nguyen, N. Parmentier,
J. P. Noel and C. Fiche: Phys. Med. Biol., 22, 208 (1?°7). 6) "Average Energy Required to Produce an Ion Pair," ICRU Report 31 (1979)
-86-
JAERI-l¥! 89-119
5) ・Ar' CHEMTOB (1977 ) 80 10斗。5'''' This work
• 60
• •
古40 • ~
o 。20
ム上一一」一一1-L..LLL1ょI J 10 102 103 104
Energy (keV)
Fig. 4 W-va1ues for incident ions in Ar gas
It is generaユ1yconsidered七hat，for the heavy incident ion，七he
fraction of七heenergy transferred七okinetic energy of gas atom due 七o
nuclear co11ision becornes ra七her工argeat 10w energies， producing a corre四
sponding increase in W-va1ue.
Our present r巴sul七swill show that W-va1ue for the heavy ion such as
10+ up to several tens MeV is sti11 dependent on the energy.
We thank Mr. T. Yoshida for his technical advice :~ constructing the
differential pumping system.
Reference
1) A. Cha七七erjeeand J. L. Magee， n6th Symposium on Microdosimetry，" J. Booz and H. G. Ebert，回日 (1978)•
2) C. L. Wingate叩 dJ. W. Baum: Radiat. Res.，与， 1 (1976).
3) U. Li七tmarkand J. F. Ziegler: "Handbook of Range Dis七ributionsfor
Energe七icIons in All Elements，" Pergamon Press， N. Y.， (1980).
4) J. F. Ziegler: "Handbook of S七oppingCross-Sec七ionsfor Energetic Ions
in All Elemen七s，" Perg~illon Press， N. Y.， (1979).
5) M. Chem七ob，B. Lavigne， J. Chary， V. D. Nguyen， N. Parmentier，
J. P. Noel and C. Fiche: Phys. Med. Biol.，三 208(19円7)•
6) "Average Energy Required七oProduce an Ion Pair，" ICRU Report 31 (1979)
-86-
JAERI-M 89-119
2.5 HEAVY ION IRRADIATION INDUCED RADICALS IN POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE
Yoshihide KOMAKI*, Niro ISHIKAWA*, Tsutomu SAKURAI*, Norio MORI3HITA**, Naohiro HAYAKAWA**, and Saburo TAKAMURA***
$ $•%
Department of Chemistry, Takasaki Radiation Research Establishment, and Department of Physics, JAERI
1 . Introduction In this paper, are presented the measurement of radicals and the ex
amination of the kinds of radicals when polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) were irradiated by the heavy ions, and the influence for emergence of etched tracks in relation to the radicals induced.
Hitherto many workers have studied the radiation damage of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, and PVDF subjected to y-riy and electron irradiations by means of various analytical techniques. Thero hive been only a few works on ESR spectroscopy of heavy ion irradiated polymers, besides for 7-ray and electron irradiation '.
Authors''' have prepared the nicrofilter of PVDF by heavy ion bombardment ani chemical etching, and indicated that track holes were not necessarily farmed by any etchants. The dependency of energy and mass of ion for the etching development of tracks leads to the examination of radiation induced radicals in a polymer.
We here present the ESR spectra of PVDF films subjected to bombardment of several ions at high energy using Takamura's cryostat and discuss the relation to the track revelation.
2. Experimental The biaxially stretched and the monoaxially stretched PVDF films were
irradiated separately with 1 2C 5 +(90 MeV), 3 5Cl 6 +(70 MeV), 3 5C1 9 +(150 MeV), and '"Br (160 MeV) at JAERI tandem accelerator. The several pieces of sample(2.5mmx35mm)were cooled at 5-7K indirectly and exposed to the homogeneously spread beam of ions in a constant current of 2 nA up to ac-
Q 1 0 O
cumulate totally 10-10 ions/cm . The doses for ions were calculated on the stopping powers which were obtained from Northcliffe and Schilling's table and the ion fluence, and the doses for J'-ray from Alanin dosimeter. JES-FE3X spectrometer was used for ESR spectroscopy at 77K to 293K,
-87-
]AERI-:V189・119
2.5 HEAVY IO!i IRRADIA TIOH IND1JCED RADICALS m POLYVINYLIDENE FLUO~IDE
養 母毒
Yoshihide KOHAKI， Niro ISHIKAHA..， Tsu七ornuSAKURAI ， Norio る告発
t~Olì.I SH~TA ..， :-Jaohiro HAYAKAHA....， and Saburo TAKAMURA
*~ Departrnent of Chernistry， Takasaki Radiation Research Establishment， and義養餐Departrnentof Physics， JAERI
1. Introcluction
In th:s paper， are present巴dthe measurernent of radica1s and the ex-
a~:~atíor. of the kinds of radica1s whe~ polyviny1idene f1uoride(PVDF) were
irア:lai旦七σヨ :-).，，~ b
the ~.eavy ユons，and the influence fGァ 巴:Jergence of e七ched
tracKs in relat:on +'0 the radicaユsinduced.
日i七her七o r.any Horkers have studied the radiation darnage of
po:;reth?leηe， po1:rrropylene， po1yviny1 ch1oride， and PVDF subjected七o
'f-r"lY ヨnd electron irradiations by means of various ana1ytical techniques.
':'I;or'; '11. ve tr:er. 01' 1:1 a few wor~{s on ESR spectroscopy of hea vy
rndiatcrl pol:rner3， hes~rles ~~rγ-ray nnd electron irraヨiation1).ion 1r-
ルlt::CITs-)hrJefrcpaTF74 the m工crofilter of PVDF by heaV'J ion bOr.Jb旦rd-
rlen: ョロ 1 c ;.('~で，- cal 月 tc::ir.Rt 江れう inaic旦ted that trac~ holes were not neces-
sari1y !'~;r r. cう by ョ n.ï ctchants. The dependency of energy and mass of ion
for thf' ・ヲ ~chin Vo development of tracks leads to the exarnination of radiation
induceう r").dicalsin n polymer.
~e here present the ESR spectra of PVDF fi1ms 5ubjected to bombard-
ment 4、0: sever::ll lons at hieh energy using Takamurars cryostat and discuss
the relation to the track revelation.
2. Experimental
The biaxially stretched旦ndthe monoaxial1y stretched PVDF fi1ms were
irradiated separ在七里1ywith 12Cう+(9つ刊eV)，35C16+(70 i"eV)， J5C19+(150 MeV)， and 79Br11+(160 HeV) at JAERI tandern acce1erator. The several pieces of
sarnp1e(2.ラmmx3うmrn)¥o/ere coo1ed at 5.7K indirec七1y and exposed to 七he
hornogeneous1y spread bearn of ions in a cons七antcurren七 of2 nA up to ac-
cumulate totally 109_1012ions!cm2. The doses for 10ns were ca1cu1a七ed on
the stopping
もableand the
powers which
ion f1uence t
frorn Northcliffe and Schi1ling's
and the doses for }-ray frorn Alanin dosirneter.
obtained were
JES-FE3X spectrometer was used for ESR spectroscopy at 77K七o293K，
-87-
J A E R I - M 89-1 19
3 . R e s u l t s and d i s c u s s i o n
(1) Effect of ions Three kinds of ESR spectra of PVDF obtained by 7 9 B r 1 1 + ( A ) , 3 5 C 1 9 + ( B ) ,
2C^ f(C) show no intrinsic difference between them as shown in Fig. 1. The tracks by the former two ions were etched to develop but the ones by the latter ion not etched. (2) Effcet of dose
The dosa ranging from 10' to 10 ions/ca" was best suitable for the measurement of PVDF by ESR spectroscopy, when the overlapping split signals having large wings were symmetrically observed. The higher dose yields only a singlet which is assigned to the polyenyl radical. (?) Effect of elapsed tine and increasing temperature
The radical shows no changes with the elapsed time at low temperature, but changes with the increasing temperature. The radicals produced by ion irradiation decay quickly in a short tine. They decay to a level of 50% or l" ss within a few minutes and thereafter rather slowly. After f"? hr at room temperature these radicals remain only a central peak, as rhown in ? of Fig. 2. Such a singlet changes to the peroxy radical which rhcws asymmetrical signals in ESR spectrum. The residual radicals intic^i by C- faded after only 30 min as shown in 3 of Fig. 3, of which the dnciy rate is faster than the ones by 7 9 B r 1 1 + and ^c]_9+# T h e d l f _ ference of such a decay behavior between them may be related to track etchability. (i.) Kinds of radicals:
In Fig. L A-1 to A-3 are ESR spectra of PVDF irradiated by 3 5 C 1 9 + and measured in paralell to magnetic field ,and B-1 and B-2 are those measured rectangurly. In order to know the changes of radicals with the increasing temperature, nonoaxially stretched PVDF films were used. The split peaks to sextet or more are detected in A-2 and B-1 of Fig. U after over 30 min. at room temperature. From the distinct anisotropy and the formation of peroxy radicals shown in A-3 amd B-2 of Fig. £, it seems most reasonable to consider the existence of alkyl radicals. Moel et al. ' proposed an allyl radical for such a complex split signal. The complex split signals of short-life change into a singlet at the center of spectrum. This is also assigned to the polyenyl radical of conjugated double bonds. The radicals finally change into the peroxy radicals. (5) Amount of radical
Table 1 shows the amounts of radicals produced by the C, the CI, and
-88-
JAERI-M 89・119
3. Results and discussion
(1) Effect of ions
Three kinds of ESR spectra of PVDF obtained by 79Br11+U.)， 35C19+(B)， 12C5+(C) sho.... no intrinsic difference bet....een them as shown in Fig. 1.
The tracks by the former t....o ions ....ere etched to develop but the ones by
the latt巴rion not etched.
(2) Effcet o~ dose
The dOS3 ranging from 109 to 1011ions!巴fI12was best suitable for the
measurement of PVDF by ESR spectroscopy， when the overlapping split signals having large wings were symmetrically observed. The higher dose yields
only a singlet which is assigned to the po1yeny1 radica1.
(3) E~fect of elapsed tine and lncreasing temperature
The radical shows no changes l.i th the elapsed
七eロ perq~ure ， but changes wi th the increasing temperature.
produced by ion irr在diationdecay quick1y in a short time.
time at 101.'
The radicals
The:f decay to
a 1仔vel of 50% or l~ss within a few rninutes and thereafter rather slowly.
A~ter ちつ hr at room temperature these radicals remain only a central peak， r¥:3 ，hry"n ln ロ of Fig. 2. Such a sing1et ch旦nres to the peroxy radical
~r::;.~ 汁 in ESR spectrum. The residuIl1 radica1s ~hcws 在 syrnrnetrical signals 1 ?局
faded after on1y 30 min as shown in B of Fig. 3， of whlch th今 "ρC'l.γ rate 、-4色" faster than the ones by 79Br 1 1 + and 3ラ09+. The dif-
fpア守口Cワ っf 2uch ヨ decay behavior between them may be re1ated to track
etchaoi1i:v.
(ιK:nas of radicals:
In F'ip，. /，. A-l to A-3 are ESR spectra of PVDF irradiated by 3ラC19+and
measured in parn1el1 to nagnetic fie1d ，and B-l and B-2 are those measured
rect旦nr，urly. In order to know the changes of r在dicalswith the inc~easing
r.Jonoaxiaユ1ystretched PVDF films were used. The spli t peaks
to sextet or more are detected in A-2 and B-l of Fig. 4 after over 30 min.
temper在 ture，
at room temperature. From the distinct anisotropy and the forma七ion of
pcroxy radica1s shown in A-3 amd B-2 of Fig. 4， it seems most reasonable to cons:der the existence of a1ky1 radicals. Moel et a1.3) proposed an a1lyl
radical for such a comp1ex spli t signal. The comp1ex sp1it signals of
short-1ife change into a singlet at the center of spec七rum.
assigned to the po1yenyl radical of conjugaもeddouble bonds.
final1y change into the peroxy radicals.
(ラ)Arnount of radica1
Table 1 shows the arnounts of raaicals produced by the C，
-88ー
This is a1so
The radicals
the Cl， and
JAERI-M 89-119
the Br ion irradiations under some different circumstances. The radicals yield in proportion to the fluence of ions. Bombarding ions with the same mass, 3 5 C 1 9 + produced more radicals than ^ 5 C 1 6 + . 7 9 B r 1 1 + with the highest mass yielded the most radicals . -"CI' gave £.6 times more radicals per fluence of ions than C-5 . C' did not achieved any etched tracks, although 1 2 C 5 + with almost same charge as -"CI yields more radicals than •''CI . These facts suggest that the track etchability in a polymer may be controlled by changing the mass and the charge state of ion.
References 1) T. Seguchi.K. Makuuchi.T. Suwa.T. Abe.N. Tamura and M. Takehisa.,
Nippon Kagaku Kaishi (1974)1309-2) Y. Konaki,N. Ishikawa,T. Sakurai,N. Morishita and M. Iwasaki.,
Nucl.Instru 6 Meth.B34(l988)332. 3) A.Le Moel.J.P. Duraud.C. Lecomte,M.T. Valin,M. Henriot.C. Legressus,
C. Darnez.E. Balanzat and CM. Demanet. ,Nucl. Instru & Meth.B34(l988)115-
Fig. 2 Decay after breaking vacuum of radicals in PVDF irradiated by 7 9 B r 1 1 + a t 5.7K and measured after 50h (B). Ions; 10 1 0/cm 2
Fig. 1 ESR spectra of PVDF irradiated by 7 9 B r 1 1 + , 3 5 C 1 9 + and 1 2 C 5 + a t 5.7K and measured at 77K.
Ions; 10 1 0/cm 2
]AERI-M 89-119
the Br ion irradiations under some different circumstances. The radicals
yield in proportion to七hefluence of ions. Bombarding ions wi七hthe same
mass， 35C19+ produced more radicals than 35C16+. 79Br11+ with the highest
mass yielded the most radicals. 35C19+ gave 4.6 ti回esmore radicals per
fluence of ions than 12C5+. 12C5+ did no七achievedany e七chedtracks， al-
though 12C5+ wi th almost same charge as 35C16+ yields 田ore radicals than
35"，6+ CIU'. These facts suggest that七hetrack e七chabilityin a polymer may
be controlled by changing the mass and the charge state of ion.
References
1) T. Seguchi，K. Makuuchi，T. Suwa，T. Abe，N. Tamura and 11. Takehisa.， Uippon Kagaku Kaishi (1974)1309.
2) Y. Kooaki，N. Ish工kawa，T.Sakurai，N. Morishit丘 and ~l. Iwasaki.， Nucl.Instru & Me七h.B34(1988)332.
3) A.Le Hoel，J.P. Duraud，C. Leco1!1te，t1.T. Valin，M. Henriot，C. Legressus， C. D邑rnez，E. Balanzat and C.M. Demane七.，Nucl.Instru& Meth.B34(1988)115.
恒三!.-. Fig・2 Decay efter breaking vacuum
Fig. 1 ESR spectra of PVDF
irradiated by 79Br11+，35C19+ and
12Cう+at5.7K and measured at 77K.
Ionsj lO'0/cm2
-89-
of radicals in PVDF irraaiated by
79Br11+at 5.7K and measured after 10，__2
50h (B). Ionsj 10，v/cm
J A E R I - M 89-119
Amp 10000
tf%i^fM#^
Fig. 3 Decay after breaking vacuum of radicals in PVDF irradiated by 1 2 C 5 + a t 5.7K and measured at 77K after 30 min(B).
AmplOOOO 8
Amp 6500
Amp $300
Amp 1250
Fig. L ESR spectra of nonoaxially stretched PVDF irradiated by 3-'CI9"1"at 5.7K and measured at 77K(A-1jparalell, B-1jrectangular). A-2; after 30 min in vacuum at room temperature., A-3.B-2; after 30 min in air at room temperature.
Table 1 Amounts of Radicals.
Ions
3 5 C I 9 * 3 5 C , 6 . 1 2 C 5 . 7 9 B r . i .
f lux of ions ions/cm2 4.2x10'° 1.1x10" 5.7x10" 9.7x10'° 2 .3x10" 7.4x10'°
energy MeV 150 70 90 1G0
dE/dx MeVAmg/cii2) 16 22 1.9 50
tola I radicals spins/g 3 .7x l 0 ' 8 5 .7x l0 1 8 5.4x10'° 1.4x l0 1 8 3 . 7 x l 0 1 8 8 .9x l0 1 8
radtea Is / ion spins
ion
4.4x10 s 7.5x l0 5 8.1x10" 1.2x10= 1.4x10s 2.0xl0 8
radtea Is / ion spins
ion mean: 6.0x10 s
8.1x10"
mean: 1.3x10'
-90-
F-tti何??tザ'
]AERI-M 89・ 119
FユE・3 Decay after breaking
vacuum of radicals in PVDF irra-
12，..5+ diated by '~CJ'at 5.7K and mea-
sured at 77K after 30 min(B).
州州川?
Amp100∞
州附九Jうい
6 -1
~
Fie;・ 4 ESR spectra of monoaxially stretched PVDF irraaiated by 35C19+at
5.7K and 回easureaat 77K(A-1;paralell， B-1;rectangular). A-2; after 30 min in vacuum a七 roomtemperature.， A-3，B-2; after 30 min in air aも roo皿 temperature.
Table 1 A田ountsof Radicals.
10ns
35CI9・ 35CI6・ 12(5・ 79Br! 1*
Ilu.of lons lonsl口四2 4.2.10'0 1.1.10" 5.7.10" 9.7.1010 2.3.10" 7.4x10'O
energy 円eV 150 70 鈎 lGO
dEldx HeV/(mglc剛2) 16 22 1.9 ぬ
to1.al radicals splns/g 3.7xIO'. 5.7.10'8 5.4.10.8 1.4.10'8 3.7.10.8 8.9xlO'8
splr国 4.4.105 7.5.105 8.lx104 1.2xI05 1.4xI0' 2.0.106
radlcals/ion .on mean: G.OxIO' 問団n:1.3x105
-90-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND RADIATION E F F E C T S IN M A T E R I A L S
9 1 ~ ( 9 2 ) -
jjA
，a，a'Iaf
]AERI-M 89-119
nHU
l
SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND RADIATION
EFFECTS IN MATERIALS
91-(92)ー
JAER I-M 89-119
3.1 ION CONDUCTIVITY OF LITHIUM OXIDE IRRADIATED WITH OXYGEN AND LITHIUM IONS
* Kenji NODA, Yoshinobu ISHII, Hisayuki MATSUI , * • * *
Mikio HORIKI , Kenji Nakaya , Kouji Nezaki , Naomi OBATA and Hitoshi WATANABE
Department of Fuels and Materials Research, JAERI, Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University
1. Introduction Lithium oxide (Li-,0) as a solid breeder material for fusion reactors
will be subjected to severe neutron irradiation. During the irradiation a lerge number of irradiation defects will be introduced. Such defects induce not only degradation of dimension stability (for instance; swelling and cracking) but also change of various properties such as diffusion.
Ion conductivity of Li ?0 is controlled by lattice defects including irradiation defects and impurities, and reflects diffusion of lithium ions. Furthermore, the conductivity would be related to the tritium diffusion behavior through lithium ion diffusion, since the rate determinant for the mechanism of tritium diffusion is considered to be the same as that of lithium ion diffusion ' ..
In the present study, irradiation effects on ion conductivity of Li 20 were investigated by in-situ experiments using oxygen or lithium ion irradiation, in order to obtain information of irradiation defects and irradiation effects on transport phenomena of lithium and tritium.
2. Experimental The specimens used were thin plates of Li,0 single crystals (7 to 9
mm in length, 8 to 9 mm in width, 0.36 to 0.38 mm in thickness). The specimens were irradiated at each prescribed temperature (in the range 393 to 593 K) for each irradiation series in an irradiation vacuum chamber attached to a tandem accelerator at JAERI with 120 MeV oxygen ions, 24 MeV lithium ions and 60 MeV lithium ions. Measurements of ion conductivity of the specimens along the direction perpendicular to the thickness were carried out "in-situ" at the temperatures same as the irradiation temperature for each irradiation series in the chamber with the two terminal AC
- 9 3 -
]AERI-M 89-119
3.1 ION CONDUCTIVITY OF LITHIUM OXIDE IRRADIATED WITH OXYGEN
AND LITHIUM IONS
l. Introduction
* Kenji NODA， Yoshinobu ISHII， Hisayuki MATSUI ， 食 合 、骨 *
Mikio HORIKI ， Kenji Nakaya ， Kouji Nezaki ， Naomi OBATA
and Hitoshi WATANABE
* Department of Fuels and Materials Research， JAERI. raculty
of Engineering， Nagoya University
Lithium oxide (Li20) as a solid breeder material for fusion reactors
will be sUbJected to severe neutron irradiation. Dur1ng the irradiat工口na
l"rge nwnber of 工rradiationdefects will be introduced. Such defects in-
duce not only degradation of dimens工on5ヒability (for instance; swelling
and cracking) but also change of various properties such as diffusion.
Ion conductivity of Li20 is controlled by latt工cedefects including
1e"どこd1a亡iondefects and impurities， and reflects diffus工onof lithium
ions. rurthee"more， the conductivity would be related to the tritium d工f-
fuslon behav10r through lithium ion diffusion， since the rate determinant
for the mechan1sm of tritium diffusion is considered to be the same as
that of liヒhiumion diffusion1，2)‘
:r. the present study， lrradiatムoneffects on ion conductivity of Li20
were lnvesti守atedhy in-situ experimel¥ts using oxygen or lithium ion ir-
radiatlon， in ordee" to obtain information of irradiation defects and ir-
radlation effects on te"ansport phenomena of lithium and tritium.
2. EXDer~mental
The specimens used were thin plates of Li20 single crystals (7 to 9
mm in length， 8 to 9 mm in width， 0.36 to 0.38 mm in thickness). The
specimens were irradiated at each prescribed temperature (in the range 393
to 593 K) for each irradiation series in an irr~diation vacuum chamber at-
tached to a tandem accelerator at JAERI with 120 MeV oxygen ions， 24 MeV
lithi山nions and 60 MeV lithium ions. Measurements of ion conductivity of
the specimens along the direction perpendicular to the thickness were
carried out "in-situ" at the temperatures same as the irradiation tempera-
ture for each irradiation series in the chamber with the two terminal AC
-93-
t t
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
method using a HP 4194 A impedance analyzer after interruption the irradiation.
3. Results and Discussion Figures 1, 2 and 3 show relationships between the ion conductivity
after interrupting the irradiation and oxygen or lithium ion fluence at various temperatures for 120 MeV oxygen ion irradiation, 24 MeV lithium ion irradiation and 60 Mev lithium ion irradiation, respectively. For the 120 MeV oxygen ion irradiation, the conductivity increased with the fluence at 393 K and 413 K, while the conductivity decreased at 453 K and 493 K. (Fig. 1) In case of the 24 MeV lithium ion irradiation, the conductivity increased with the fluence at 413 K and decreased in the range from 453 K to 573 K. (Fig. 2) For the 60 MeV lithium ion irradiation, the conductivity decreased with the fluence in the range from 443 K to 543 K and increased at 593 K. (Fig. 3)
From these, the irradiation effects on the ion conductivity of Li 20 in the present results are seen to be as follows. 1) The irradiation effects due to the lithium ion irradiation were essentially the same as those due to the oxygen ion irradiation. 2) The conductivity in the range frcm 393 K to 413 K increased with the fluence, while it decreased in the range from 443 K to 573 K. 3) At 593 K the conductivity increased with the fluence again.
The ion conductivity of Li-,0 irradiated at an ambient temperature in the irradiation chamber with 120 MeV oxygen ions has been measured around
2 3 )
440 K and 490 K after interruption the irradiation ' . In the studies, the conductivity around 440 K increased with the fluence and decreased around 490 K. From the thermal recovery behavior of the conductivity, the decrease around 490 K was attributed to F centers which were almost 3 4 ) recovered above 573 K ' . On the other hand, the increase around 440 K was referred to irradiation defects, which were recovered in the range from 443 K to 498 K and were assumed to increase concentration of lithium ion vacancies .
The fluence dependence of the ion conductivity in the present study is somewhat different from the results of the above mentioned studies in respect of the temperature range. However, the irradiation effects on the conductivity in the present study can be considered to be consistent with those in the above mentioned studies by taking temperature rise in the ir-
- 9 4 -
]AERI-M 89・119
method using a HP 4194 A impedance analyzer after interruption the ir-
radiat工on.
3. Results and Discussion
Figures 1， 2 and 3 show relationships between the ion conductivity
after interrupting the irradiation and oxygen or lithium ion fluence at
various temperatures for 120 MeV oxygen ion irradiation， 24 MeV lithium
ion irradiation and 60 Mev lithium ion irradiation， respectively. For the
120 MeV oxygen ion irradiation， the conductivity increased with the
fluence at 393 K and 413 K， while the conductivity decreased at 453 K and
493 K. (Fig. 1) 1n case of the 24 MeV lithium ion irradiation， the con-
ductivity increased with the fluence at 413 K and decreased in the range
frcm 453 K to 573 K. (Fig. 2) For the 60 MeV li~hium ion irradiation， the
ccnductivity decreasεd with the fユuencein the range from 443 K to 543 K
and increased at 593 K. (Fig. 3)
From these， the irradiation effects on the ion conductivity of Li20
in the present res~lts are seen ヒobe as follows. 1) The irradiatニヨnef-
fec:.s euロ toヒh巴 lithlumion irradiation were essentially the same as
those due to t~e oxyge円 ion irradiation. 2) The conductivity in the range
frcm 393 K to 413 K 工ncreasedwith the fluence， wh工le it decreased ln the
rangc from 443 K tつ 573K. 3) At 593 K the conductivlty lncreased wlth
the fluence aaaln.
Th己 10口 ccnjuctivityof Li勺O 工rradiatedat an ambient temperature in ~
the irradiat:on chョmberwith 120 MeV oxygen ions has been measured around
2，3) 440 K and 490 K after interruption the irradiation~ ， JI. 1ηthe studies，
the conductivity around 440 K increased with the fluence and decreased
around 490 K. From the thermal recovery behavior of the conductivity， the + decrease around 490 K was attributed to FT
centers which were almost
3，4) recovered above 573 K~'~'. On th伺 otherhand， the increase around 440 K
was referred to irradiation defects， which were recovered in the range
from 443 K to 498 K and were assumed to increase concentration of lithium
ion vacancies2).
The fluence dependence of ヒheion conductivity in the present study is
somewhat different from the results of the above mentioned studies in
respect of the temperature range. However， the irradiation effects on the
conauctivity in the present study can be considered to be consistent with
those in the above mentioned studies by taking temperature rise in the ir-
-94-
JAERI-M 89-119
radiated region due to the ion beam heating during the irradiation in the present study, except the 24 MeV lithium ion irradiation. (In case of the 24 MeV lithium ion irradiation the beam current was very small.) The increase at 443 K in the 60 MeV lithium ion irradiation is considered to arise from recovery of the defects, which are assumed to increase concentration of lithium ion vacancies, by the beam heating. In contrast with this, the F centers were hardly recovered even at 573 K in case of the 24 MeV lithium ion irradiation, since the temperature rise due to the beam heating was negligibly small.
Thus, the irradiation effects on ion conductivity of Li,0 are considered to be as follows. 1) The conductivity in the range from 393 K to 440 K is increased with the fluence by the irradiation defeats •v'hich are assumed to increase concentration of the lithium ion vacancies. 2) The conductivity in the range from 453 K to 573 K is decreased by the F centers. 3) The increase of conductivity which is attributed to recovery of the F' centers is observed above 573 K.
The icn conductivity of LijO reflects lithium ion diffusion and is controlled by mobility and concentration of lithium ion vacancies in the
2 ) examined temperature rang-; . Furthermore, the conductivity can be supposed to be related to tritium diffusion, since the rate determinant of tritium diffusion seems to be the same as that of lithium ion • i: fus.on" *" . Consequently, it is considered that the lithium : on and tritium diffusion m the range from 393 K to 440 K are increased by the delects which are assumed to increase concentration of lithium ion vacancies, and that they in the range from 453 K to 573 K are decreased by the F centers.
References 1) H. Ohno, S. Konishi, T. Nagasaki, T. Kurasawa, H. Katsuta and
H. Watanabe: J. Nucl. Mater. 133-134 (1985) 1881. 2) K. Noda, Y. Ishii, H. Matsui, H. Ohno and H. Watanabe: Fusion
Engineering and Design 8-K) (1989) in press. 3) K. Noda, Y. Ishii, H. Matsui, H. Ohno, S. Hirano and H. Watanabe:
J. Nucl. Mater. 155-157 (1988) 568. 4) K. Noda, K. Uchida, T. Tanifuji and S. Nasu: Phys. Rev. B 2± (1981)
3736.
- 9 5 -
jAER [-M 89-119
radiated region due to the ion beam heating during the irradiation in the
present study， except the 24 MeV lithium ion irradiation. (In case of the
24 MeV lithium ion irradiation the beam current was very sma11.) The in-
crease at 443 K in the 60 MeV lithium ion irradiation is considered to
arlse from recovery of the defects， which are ass山med to increase con-
centratlon of lithium ion vacanc工es，by the beam heating. 口 contrast
with this， the F+ centers 恥erehardly recovered even at 573 K in case of
the 24 MeV lithium ion irradiatio口， since the temperature rise due to the
beam heating was negligibly small.
Thus， the irradiation effects on ion conductivユtyof Li20 are con-
siderea to be as follows. 1) The conauctivity in the range from 393 K cO
440 K ュs increasea with the fluence by the irradiation defer、ts'，hich are
as弓urnedtJ inc~ease concentrat工onof the li th工umion vacancies. 2) Th己
ccnductivity in :he range from 453 K to 573 K is decreased by the F+ cen-
ters. 3) The increase of conductivity which is attributed to recovery of ...
亡he ". centers is cbser'led above 573 K.
The irn conauc:lvitv of Li，O reflects lithlum ion dュffllsionana is 2
cont~Dl~ed by mobllity a~d concentration of li~h~um lon vacancies ln the
examlned temperature ~a 口q ョ 2) Furthermore， the condllctivity can be Sllp-
lJ.Jsed コbe re13ced to trニt'lImdiffusion， Slnce :he rate determlnant of
t:-ltlurn d.l::USlコn SeE!l1S ヒo be the same as that of lithium ion 、
Jl~~us_on.'-'. Con~equently. lt is considered that the 11thium、onand
ヒ:-:.:':"Ur1 ~:...f:'JS ム O口 1n ヒ he range from 393 K to 440 K are increased by the
de~ects ~hlCh ar8 assumed to lncrease concentraヒionof li:hium ion
vaC3nCles， a~d t~at t~ ρy 1n the range from 453 K to 573 K are decreased by
the F+ centers.
References
1) H. Ohno， S. Konlshょ， T. Nagasaki， T. Kurasawa， H. Katsuta and
H. Watanabe: J. 日ucl. Mater. 133-134 (1985) 1881.
2) K. Noda， Y. Ishli， H. Matsui， H. Ohno and H. Watanabe: Fusion
Engineering and Design ~-1旦( 1989) in press.
3) K. Noda， Y. Ishii， H. Matsui， H. Ohno， S. Hirano and H. Watanabe:
J. Nucl. Mater. 122-1三工 (1988) 568.
4) K. Noda， K. Uchida， T. Tanifuji and S. Nasu: Phys. Rev. B li (1981)
3736.
-95ー
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
U;0 Single CrystoI Oiyqtnlon Imld. lUOMtVI ion Conductivity
0 2 4 6 fl 10 12
Oxygen Ion Fluence d o " ions/m*)
Fig.l Relationships between the ion conductivity after interrupting the irradiation and the fluence at various temperatures in 120 MeV oxygen ion irradiation.
e , ^ | U'jO Snqle Co'Sto's e , ^ | U'hium Ion Ir rod. 124 MeV)
\ 1 Jon Conducirviljr 16 ~c
\ %° 4 t
Tc62 l \ - L / " ~ r \ i -s /
r / r
o t ;i <52< ! 532K \ 1/
V 5"K
\ ' ' dIJK | l \ : s ^ * -
1 |- 3«l
i
96 _ E
3.5 l.O 1.5
.llnium Jon Fluence IIO1 1 icns/m*)
Fig.2 Relationships between the ion conductivity after interrupting the irradiation and the fluence at various temperatures in 2-4 MeV lithium ion irradiation.
Fig.3 Relationships between the ion conductivity after interrupting the irradiation and the fluence at various temperatures in 60 MeV lithium ion irradiation.
5 10 15 Lithium Ion Fluencs I id ions/m1)
- 9 6 -
jAERI-M 89-119
2.8
'5lK
百三
ー 10.C
2
b 06
o ' o
一川町¥一
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2.4 fig.l Relationships between the ion
conductivity after 工nterruptingthe
irradiation and the fluence at
various temperatures in 120 MeV
oxygen ion irradiation.
12
fig.2 RelatユC口Sh1pSbetween the ion
conductivity after interrupting the
irradiation and the fluence aヒ
varlOUS temceratures ln 24 ~eV
l工th1umi口n irrad1atlon.
fig.3 Relationships between the 10n
conductivity after interrupting the
irradiation and the fluence at
various temperatures in 60 MeV
liヒhiumion irradiat工on.
--96-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
3.2 SWELLING OF LITHIUM OXIDE IRRADIATED WITH HIGH ENERGETIC LITHIUM IONS
Yoshinobu ISHII, Ken]i NODA and Hitoshi WATANABE
Department of Fuels and Materials Research, JAERI
1. Introduction Lithium oxide ( Li ?0 ) is a prime candidate material of the blanket
for a fusion reactor, because of excellence for a tritium breeding. During operation of the fusion reactor, a lot of defects will be introduced in the lithium oxide by the energetic particles ( neutrons, tritons and helium ions ! and then will induce swelling and cracking. These phenomena are very important for the integrity of lithium oxide. Ion irradiations have been used as a means of simulating the irradiation effects for the fusion reactor materials, because many defects can be introduced in the material for a short time. The swelling of Li^O sintered pellets '.vis measured after high dose irradiation at high temperature and it was concluded to be mainly associated with helium bubbles . The lattice parameter measurement of Li-,0 sintered pellets
7 ) 7 1 irradiated to thermal neutrons was reported . At a fluence of 2x10
n
thermal neucron/m" the lattice was expanded by 0.15%. This lattice expansion M S concluded to be mainly associated with irradiation defects. To get the information for the swelling associated with only displacement damages except helium bubbles, volume change of Li 20 irradiated with high energetic lithium ions was measured by using a photoelastic technique.
2. Experimental The specimens used were thin rectangular plate of LijO single crys -
tals. The dimensions and the orientations of the specimen are shown in Fig.1(a). The specimens were annealed at about 1300 K in high vacuum ( 1 x 10 Pa) for about ten hours to remove the surface damages due to the cutting and decompose the LiOH on the surface. After these treatment, the specimen was mounted on a circular polarimeter which was equipped in 3 high vacuum chamber. One half of the specimen was irradiated with
- 9 7 -
]AERJ 田 ~j 89-119
3.2 SWELLING OF LITHIUM OXIDE IRRADIATED WITH HIGH ENERGE'l'IC
LITH工UMIONS
Yoshinobu ISHII， KenJi NODA and Hitoshi WATANABE
Department of Fuels and Materials Research， JAERI
1. Introduction
L1ヒhiumoxェde ( Li20 1 is a prime candidate mdterial of the blanket
for a fusュon reactor， because of excellence for a trit1um breedlng.
~uring operat1on of the fusion reactor， a lot of def..cヒs will be lntro-
duced in th~ lithium oxide by the energetic pa:-ticles nl'utrons，
tr~tons ana helium io口s and then ¥oJill induce swelling and cracking.
':'hese phe口lomena are very important for the 1ntegr1ty of lithium oxide.
Ion lrradiatlons have been used as a means of slmulating the trradl~Ll~rl
eff己cts for ~he fusion reac:tor materia.l.s， because many defects can be
ニロt.roduceu 口 :he mater1al for a short tlme. The swell工ng of Li~O s工口-
'r，:，='d r:.:z:1 J.. ~~s ~.\ユ s measured after h1gh dose 1rrad1ation at high tempera-
ture ヨロd 1t ¥.;a;: concluded to be ma1nly associated with hel1um
1 ) i ヘl! 、 b1es~'. The latt1ce parameヒer measurement of Li
20 sintered pel1ets
2) ， ~. ， ~23 ょrr3d1dtf'd to thc，rmdl neutrons was reported~'. At a fluence of 2xlO
'可
'~:lt~rmdl nむu己HJn/m- こhe lattムce was expanded by 0.15も. This lattice ex ー
ドミnS10n '，;a5 concluclr"d to be ma1n1y assoc1ated with irradiation defects.
Tり g~t the lnformation for the swelling associated with only displace-
m，:n t J.}mages except he 11 um bubbles， volume change of Li20 工rradiated
'-'lth hl守h モnerq仔 t1 C li thi um 10ns was measured by using a photoelastic
tρchn1que.
2. EXDtrimental
The specimens used were thin rectangular plate of Li20 single crys'
tals. The dimensions and the orientations of the specimen are shown in
Fig.1(a). The specimens were annealed at about 1300 K in high vacuum ( 1
x 10-3
Pal for about ten hours to remove the surface damages due to the
cutting and decompose the L10H on the surface. After these treatment，
the specimen was mounted on a circular polRrimeter which was equipped in
ヨ high vacuum chamb句r. One half of the specimen was irradiated wi th
-97ー
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
lithium ions ( GOMeV ) along z axis by using a tandem accelerator at JAERI. By such irradiation the irradiated part of the specimen expands, but unirradiated part remains unchanged. Then a strain field is induced in the specimen. The profile of the strain is s -hematically illustrated in Fig.1(b) as a function of the distance from the boundary between an irradiated and unirradiated part. From the photoelastic measurement o! this strain, the volume change of irradiated Li,0 can be determined. The detail for the photoelastic measurement of the induced strain has been described elsewhere
The measurement of the volume expansion of a specimen was intermittently carried out after interrupting the irradiation. All measurements of the volume expansion sero done at room temperature. After the irradiation, the .-•pocimen w is isochronally annealed in the temperature range from 300 t > S^OK by holding 30 min. at each temperature.
3. Results and discussion The penetration depth of Li ions (60 MeV ) for the Li-,0 was calcu
lated by usina f.-DEP-l computer code and it is about 400 urn. Because the thickness of the specimen is very thin, the bombarded ions ( Li ion ) completely pass through the specimen and induce the defects uniformly along z axis .n ' h<- irtdje.ited part. The typical strain profile of the
iq 9 L: -,C irradiated with Li ions at 2.1x10 ions/m" shows in Fig.2 as a function of the distance from the boundary between the irradiated and unimdiated part. Longitudinal axis indicates the rotation angle which is directly proportional to the induced strain. Tl, • broken lines in Fig.2 indicate the- edges of the specimen. The profil< of the induced strain in the specimen is good agreement with the theoretical curve ( Fig.l (b) ). The fractional volume change was calculated with the same manner as described in previous report .
A fluence dependency of the fractional volume of irradiated Li 20 are shown in Fig.3. The longitudinal axis and the transverse axis show the fractional volume and the ion fluence, respectively. The fractional volume increases rapidly with the ion fluence up to 3x10 . The value of fractional volume of about 7.6x10 is attained at the ion fluence of 1.3x10" lons/m . A broken line in Fig.3 shows increasing rate of the fractional volume at the fluence of zero. The experimental curve
-98-
]AERI-M 89-[[9
lithium ions 60MeV along z axis by using a tandem accelt'rator at
JAERI. By such lrradiation the irrad工ated part of the specimen expunds，
but unirradlat0d part remains unchanged. Then a strain field 15 lnduced
1n the sgecimen. Th" profile o[ the strain is E 'hcmatically ill'，¥stγated
in Flg.l(b) as a functlon of the distance from the boundary b，守'.¥"C'円 1cJTl
lrra(hi1t，o【'.l.nd unlrrar]、c1tec1 part. From the photoE"lastic meCisur'c'm，ロt O!
this straln， tI¥ρ ソ口1ump ch3nge of irradiated Liっo can b" dι'lc'rmined. The
detail for the photoclastlc measurcment of the induced strain has been
3 ) described els己¥.Jherρ.
The meョsuremεnt of the volume expansion of a specimen was ln~ermlt
a 三ntly ca r- r ユ ~d out after interrupting ヒhe irr"diatio口. All mt'asurements
of th巳 volumc .;_':-<CciflSlon '，':ero done at room tempcrature .. λftοr the ir
radi.:!.t.iつ;'"1， i:.!:.:'C ~ m(~n ' .. JdS isochronally a口口日aled in th己 tE:'ITlot:-::rature
了d 口守匂 f 1¥ 〉町 :'1;0 こ〉己 70K 口y holding 30 min. at each temp0raturぜ
3~ Results a[1d dム SCUSSlO日
Thc> :JζrH:::L~ ョ tion .，j"pth of Li ions (60 i1eV ) for the Li勺o ¥'I.'as calcu-ら
1:J t.ιd ~-''1 u:-; 11!つf.-:)Ei--'-l c 心mputer code and 工t is ab口uL 400 um. BeC3USC the
thlckness む t_h t' ~~ iiで Clm，""is 'Jery thin， thc' bombardεd ions ( Li つn )
C引mplL.tely D，ヨ!:~ S てJJ!':r.lu']h thγspec1men ゐnd 1nduce the defpcts un工form1y
す lつ口g z aXl.品 .n ':¥'- lrrclUl'lt'2d part. The typical strain pro[ile ot the
γ ...， ， ..1 ，，19 つ:ん-，8 lrr--J.d13tド LI 九 lch ，"1 1l!Ci" at 2.1xlO~-' ions!m"' shows 1n Fig.2 as a
fリnctl-::~口市 t_hl: '.11、c:mctc f rum the boundary bcl'.veen the lrrad1ated and
リTilrrldldtμj r:.l.rt. LC，!lql lud1 nol axis lndicates the rι':..dヒユコ口 3nql~ 凶hich
15 ，J1 rcct.l1' コrororl1onCl1 lo th円 induced stra1n. TI. ' brc，ken 1ines lrl
tlぐ].2 1:1dicdtt' て'1" ，'.Jgr=ピリ[ thtc 5pecimen. The proi斗1，of th己 1llduced
straln 1rl t. ~e sp廿亡1m白口 1s good agreement with the theor.~.ticål curve
F1g.l (b) The fracLional volume change was calculated with the same
3 ) mdrl円己 ras dE"SCrlb"d 1n prev10us report J/
•
i¥ f 1 uence depμndency of the fractional volume of irradiated Li20 are
shown 1n F1g.3. The 10ng1tudinal axis and the transverse axis show tトe
fract1ona1 ¥/olumc and the 10n fractiona1 fluence， respectively. The
19 volume 1ncreaS0S rap1dly with the ion fluence up to 3xlO~~. The value of
ー4fractiona1 vo1ume of about 7 .6xlO" is attained aヒ the 10n fluence of
1. 3xl020 10ns!m2 • A broken llne in Fig・3 shows increasing rate of the
fractiono1 vo1リmp at the fluence of zero. The experimental curve
-98一
JAER I-M 89-119
deviates from this line with increasing of ion fluence. It is seen that induced defects are segregated to form the clusters and annihilated by recombination between interstitials and vacancies.
The recovery of induced volume of the specimen irradiated to 1.34x10 ions/m" during isochronal annealing is shown in Fig.4. The two recovery stages are observed in this figure. The first and the second stage take the temperature range from 350 to 600K and from 650 to 870K, respectively. At the first stage, the beginning temperature of recovering is lower than that of recovering of the F -centers determined by the t:SR and optical absorption experiments . Therefore, recovery :n this stage is associated with not only F+centers but also an another kind of defect i.e. "unspecified defect". This fact is supported by the ,.i,nojl-m.g experiments of the irradiated Li-,0 by electrical conductivity nvLiSur::men.tsJ . An amount of 20% of the induced volume change still remain even at the annealing temperature of 870K.
To clarify the mechanism and the fluence dependency of swelling for th-- irradiated Li 70, the fundamental constants such as the displacement cr'.ss section, the recombination volume are required. To get informations about the concentration of F -center and Li metal colloid and the •.'•ilume change due to each of them, The optical absorption measurements •:.f th" irradiated Li-,0 are currently carried out.
AcKni /A 1 ••ijgnients
Tin' authors thank to Dr. T.Aruga for the computation of penetration depth by u>, i::-j computer code.
References (1) G. W. Uollenberg : J. Nucl. Mater. 122/123 (1984) 896 (2) N. Musaki, S. Nasu, T. Tanifuji, K. Uchida, K. Noda, H. Takeshita,
T. Kurasawa and H. Watanabe :J. Nucl. Mater, 116 (1983) 345 (3) Y. Ishii, K. Noda and H. Watanabe : JAERI-M 88-181 (1988) 68 (4) K. Noda, Y. Ishii, H. Matsui, H. Ohno and H. Watanabe : Fusion
Engineering and Design 8-9 (1989) in press (5) K.Noda, Y.Ishii, H.Matsui and H.Watanabe: Radiat. Eff. 97 (1986) 297
-99-
i
]AERI-M 89-119
dev工ates from this 1ine with increasing of ion f1uence. It is seen that
induced defects are segrego.ted to form the c1usters and anI1l:1l 1at ，~r! by
r，-，combinaヒion b己tween interstitials and vaCunCles.
The recovery of induced vo1ume of the specimen 1rradi..i十日d to
20 1. 3~x10LV ions/mL during isochronal annealing is shown in Fig..l Thぃ t¥....u
rpcovery stages are observed in this f igure. Thοfirst and the s ρ「山nd
stこ)ge to.ke the tempprature range from 350 to GOOK ar:d from 650 to 870K，
rcspectivとly. At the first stage， the beginning temperature oE rocov己t'-
+ 1口9 is 10wer thdn that of recovering of the F'-centers det，，'rminc:.J by the
4 ) !::oiR and opt工ca1 absorpt工on experiments.....'. Therefore， rec.:>vιry 日こhl'o
stage is ussociated w工th not on1y F+centers bul a1so an another ~ょコd c，f
ddect i.ゼ "unspecified defect". This fact 1S supp口rted by てhピ "'01，:1-:>:11-
ユ:1g expc'rムヨ1ぞnts of the 工rradiated Li20 C '
~'~"_1su:rf.'!n守口t: s--". An amount of 20も of the
by el ，:~c~ 工 ~cal COT!口'.JC';:lVlty
lnauced "Jolume chanqe still
r，'maln even at th0 annealing temperature of 8iOK.
To C 13 ri fソ thc mechanism and the f1uence deppndency of swel11ng for
モ h ・ a 工 rrddlat~~d Llっ0，the fundamenta1 constJnts such as the displacせmヒnt
l ‘ c. 、， ~3 S ド，~~".:. 1 or ιth手 rεcombinatlon volumピ arρr;equin'd. To get informa-
イト
ι1つれS Jbuut the concentratlon of p'-cent己r u口d Li meta1 co11oid and the
，1じ刊し ch Cl. rJ~~ 巳 riU(_' to ":，'ョch of them， The 0ptlcal absorption measurements
，t *_hp lrradi3t~.d L120 ar..: currently carrlf?d out.
I¥CKつ.)'.¥l ， .d口 nlt.~nts
':'11" d'J thors thank to Dr. T. Aruga for the computa tion of penetra tion
(]pr，th :;y リ!，-， i ~ : rj 円。mputer codビ・
日。[erencゼS
(1) G. 'd. i!oll"nbE-rg J. Nucl. Mater. 122/123 (1984) 896
(2) N. 1~dSdk ょ， S. Nasu， T. Tdniluj工， K. Uchida， K. ~oda ， H. Takeshita，
T. Kurasawa and H. Watanabc :J. Nucl. Mater. 116 (1983) 345
(1) Y. Ishii， K. Noda and H. Watanabe JAERI-M 88-181 (1988) 68
(4) K. Nod 弓， Y. Ish1i.， H. Matsui， H. Ohno and H. Watanabe Fuslon
Engineer1ng and Design 呈二旦 (198ヲ) in press
(5) K.Noda， Y.Ish1i， H.Matsui and H.Watanabe: Radiat. Eff. 97 (1986) 297
-99-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
[0101
l y
Thickness 0 26'lmm (._-_- : v : -1
£1 !
~r~
~+-**^ -—-t -[1001
( S I
F i g . l Schemat ic i l l u s t r a t i o n of
an i r r a d i a t e d spec imen . A d o t t e d
a r e a show i r r a d i a t e d p a r t , (b )
t h e induced s t r a i n .
UnUrodiarec; Port ! [ f fodtu:cJ F'-j-t
Li' : 6vMeV I
U ^ - ^ **v $n
f : 2 \ x 10 lons/m'
-"J - 2 0 2
Distance from the Goundoy , X (mm!
F i g . 2 The p r o f i l e of s t r a i n f i e l d 1 9 of L i 2 0 i r r a d i a t e d t o 2 . 1 x 1 0
ions /m
oo-
L T 3 : 60 MeV
0 2 <i S 10 12 14
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0.8 c\ o cXo
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04 1 = 30 mm ""'V^
02
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Fluence ( 10' lons/m )
600 800
Annealing Temperature (K)
Fig.3 Fluence dependency of the fractional volume of irradiated
Fig.4 Annealing behavior of Li„0 irradiated to 1.3x10 ions/m2. Annealing time is 30 min. at each annealing temperature.
100-
]AERI-M 89-119
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20 _ _， 2 1.3xl0~V ions/m 4
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fractional
to
Anneal工ng time is 30 min. at each
- 100ー
annealing temperature.
irradiated of volume
Li20
JAERI-.M 89-119
i.'i DAMAGE STRUCTURE OBTAINED BY CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATION' IN' Mc-ION IRRADIATED SiC
Yoshio KAI'ANO, Shigeki KASAHARA*, Kiyotomo NAKAT.-V- and Hideo OHNO
Department of Fuels and Materials Research, JAERI, * Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd.
1 . Introduction Silicon carbide, SiC, is one of the candidate materials for near-
1)2) When ceramics first wall structural applications in fusion reactors are irradiated with \U MeV neutrons, a large amount of transmit it ion induced gas such as He and H are produced in the materials, and the gas atoms worsen radiation damage effects-1'.
In this work, the damage structure after He ion-irradiation in a hot pressed SiC is studied by cross-sectional observation to clarify the effects of He atoms in radiation damage.
2. Experimental procedure A material used in this study was hot-pressed SiC with addition of 2
wt'i BeO as binder; grain size was 3-5 pm in diamater. Samples of about ':> • 3-0.2 mm:' were annealed in air at about 1273 K for 1 h prior to ion-irradiations. The He-ion irradiation was carried out by using a W-2 beam line in the 2 MV Van de GraafI ion accelerator facility; schematic diagram of the beam line is shown in Fig. 1. The surfaces of several samples were set exactly in perpendicular to the ion beam by using the sample holder in the target chamber,and irradiated with 400 keV He ions up to a dose of 1x10'-'" ions/m; at temperatures of 300 and 1023 K. The arrangement of samples is illustrated in Fig. 2. The irradiation temperature was measured with a thermo-couple attached to a side of the sample.
After irradiation, ion-irradiated surfaces of two samples were F i , w_ 2 beam line in the 2 MV Van de
[PiCeacnce analyze' i Power contiaief
pasted together , and then, the area Graaff ion accelerator f ac i l i t y .
- 3 0 1 -
J A E R 1 -~I 89-J J 9
3.l DA:-l:¥CE STRUCTURE OBTAINED BY CROSS-SECTIOi'iAL OBSERVATh，N
J~ lIe-JO:i JRI<ADJATED SiC
Yoshio K:¥I':¥NO， Shigeki K:¥SAHARA大， Kivotomo :-<:\K.-\T ヘ、 ~J11 ' i
Hldρo OHNO
Dep司rtmcntof Fu日15andトlateria15RC5carch 、Ji¥ERl‘
六 HitachiRe5earch Laboratory， Hitachi Ltd_
l Jntroduct1011
5111C0l1 carbide， SiC， i5 on巴 of the candidatc 1'l3teri;Jls for nCJr
first ¥oiall structur呂1application5ムJ1 fU5ion reactors 1 i 21. ¥oihc!l Ct'l司1l1CS
，i rρ1了radlated ¥oiith 11，日eV neutrons， a larp，巴 ar.10unt of tran5iill↑ 1 L 1 011
induced gas 5uch as 11巴 andH ar召 produc巴d1 n th巴 materials，日ndth(' gas
at0r.15ドor5e口 radiationdamage巴ffects3).
In this I-Iork司 thedamage structure after H巴 1on--lrradiationln a hot
pre5sed SiC 1S studied by cr05s-sectional obser、司tion to clari fy the
ef[ccts of He atoms in radiation damage.
'J.， Experimental procedur色
A mater-iaJ uscd ln this sludy I-Ias hot-pr巴55巴dSiC I-lith addition of 2
\oi tO~ Bel) as bindel-; grain "izc I-Ias 3-5 11m in diamater. Sampl巴5of about
ぅ.8・ il. 2 川町， ¥oicrc annealcd in air 日tabout 1273 K for 1 h prior to ion-
irradlations. Thc Hc-ion irradiation I-Ias carricd out by using a W-2 beam
1 i nr> i II l he 2門VVan d巴Graaffion accelerator facility; 5ch巴mat1こ diagram
山fthe beam lin巴 IS己hOl-lnin Fig. 1.
The surfaces 円f己巴veralsal日pleswere
set exactly 1口 pcrpcndicularto the
i on bcam by u己ingthe sa~ple holder
1n the ta~get chamber，and irradiated
with 400 keV He ions up to a dose of
I :~ 10'" ions/m' at 巴mperatures of
300 and 1023 K. The arrangement of
samples is illustrated in Fig. 2.
The irradiation temperature was
measured with a thermo-couple at-
tached to a sid巴 ofthe sample.
After irradiation， ion-irradi-
ComOlJler
ated 5urfaces of two samples were Fig ・IW-2 beam line in the 2 MV Van de pasted together，司ndthen， the area Graaff ion accelerator facility.
一JDJ-
J A E R I - M 89-119
containing damaged regions was cut into a disk,3 mm in diameter,as also shown in Fig. 2. Foils for observation in a 200 keV transmission electron microscope(TEM) were made from the disks by a ball-milling and ion-sputtering with 3 keV Ar ions at room temperature.
3. Results and discussion The damage and the injected He-
ion profile calculated using a modified EDEP-1 (EDEP-81) code 4> are shown in Fig. 3 for the irradiation condition in this study. The damage has a steep distribution in depth with a maximum; the damge peak and straggling are 1.18 um in depth and 0.28 pm, respectively. The distribution of injected He ions is maximized at 1.25 pm in depth.
The damage structure, observed in the direction of depth from the ion-bombarded surface, is shown in Fig. 4 for the sample He-irradiated
f^Domoged —[ j
Cutting
« Ion sputtering
Fig.2 Arrangement of the samples and TEH disk preparation procedure.
He ion (400keV) — SiC (EDEP-81)
0.5 1.0 Depth! ^ m l
Fig.3 Calculated damage and injected ion depth profi le .
400keV He ions
,»' J*"?.1-!
100nm
Fig.4 Damage structure in the direction of depth from the ion-bombared surface after the irradiation to lxlO" ions/m' at 1023 K. Dark-field micrograph of high damaged region(right).
•102-
]AERI-M 89・119
ぃ幅一時
→⑩--JZfterm
Fig.2 Arrangement of the samples and TEM disk pr巴paratlonprocedure.
/ 10NS/
/ /
containing damaged regions was cut
into a disk，3 mm in diameter，as also sho~n in Fig. 2. Foils for observa-
tion in a 200 keV transmission
electron microscope(TEM) were made
from the disks by a ball-milling and
ion-sputtering with 3 keV Ar ions at
room temperature.
He ion (400keV)→ SiC
(EDEP-8IJ
ιーームーー~
0.5
Depth (μml
C 3
、CD』=』』JH
1.5 1.0 O
Fig.3 Calculated damage and injected ion depth profile .
3. Results and discussion
The damage and the injected He-
ion profile calculated using
modified EDEP-l (EDEP-81) code
are shown in Fig. 3 for the irradi-
ation condition in this study. The
damage has a steep distribution in
depth with a maximum; the damg巴 P巴ak
and straggling eire 1.18 }1m in depth
and 0.28 }1m， respectively. The
distribution of ini~cted He ions is
maximized at 1.25 ~m in depth.
The damage s~ructure ， observed
in the direction of depth from the
ion-bombarded surface， is shown in Fig. 4 for the sample He-irradiated
a 4)
400keV He ions ‘K
t
i
l
l
i
Fig.4 Damage structure in the dir附 ionof depth from the ion-bombared
surface after the irradiation to 1 x 10.0 ions/間宮 at 1023 K. Dark-field micrograph of high damaged region{right)・
一102-
JAERI-M 89-119
to 1x10*° ions/ra 2 at 1023 K. The damaged region with f a i r l y large s t r a i n f i e ld can be seen as a band, which i s located between about 0.95 and 1.15 um in depth from the ion-bombarded surface. Both loop-shaped and small dot defects are found in the damaged region. The damage d i s t r i b u t ion analyzed from the micrograph has a peak at 1.15 um in depth, and a half-value width of d i s t r i b u t i o n i s about 0.1 um. The experimental damage peak depth i s in a good agreement with the calcula ted one, but the half-value width obtained from the experiment i s narrower than that predic ted from the ca lcu la t ion .
A lot of c a v i t i e s with l ess than 2 nm in diameter are also found in the damaged region, and most of the c a v i t i e s are formed in s t r a igh t ] and curved l i nes shown in F ig .5 . The' densi ty of c a v i t i e s increases wi th | depth to 1.15 pm, while the s ize i s independent of depth from 0.95 to .y:
1.15 um. Pre fe ren t i a l arrays of He bubbles in the c planes have been found in SiC i r r ad i a t ed with 10 keV He ions a t 1273 K 5 , 6 ) . From the r e s u l t , the c a v i t i e s found in t h i s Fig.5 Alined cavities in SiC He-irradiated study are considered to be bubbles
I o n i n j e c t i o n
to l x l 0 s o ions/m* at 1023 K.
Fig.6 Damage structure in SiC irradiated at 300 K. Dark-field micrograph of high damaged region(right).
103-
JAERI-M 89-119
to 1 x1020 ions/m2 at 1023 K. The damaged region with fairly large strain
field can be seen as a band， which is located between about 0.95 and
1 . 15 )lm in depth from the ion-bombarded surface. Both loop-shaped and
small dot defects are found in the damaged region. The damage distribu-
tion analyzed from the micrograph has a peak at 1.15 pm in depth， and a
half-value width of distribution is about 0.1 pm. The experimental damage
peak depth is in a good agreement ・2・'''::'-.-:;'.;':''''';
wi th the calculated one， but the .... ;--・:二.• -":'-. : -. ~，.・2
half-value width obtained from the ・
・3 ・・・ぺ 、;:;;''1同'←，札
experiment is narrower than that ・ cAJ， 1，:ヲ~:.，~
predicted from the calculation. ~. ~・?剖Fぺ.・
A lot of cavi ties wi th less'.
than 2 nm in diameter are also found
in the damaged region， and most of the cavi ties ar巴 formedin straight
and curved lines shown in Fig.5. The
densi ty of cavi ties increases wi th
d巴pthto 1.15 )lm， while the size is independent of depth from 0.95 to イ
1.15 pm. Preferential arrays of He
bubbles in the c planes have been '.'・
found in SiC irradiated with 10 keV
He ions at 1273 K5•6). From the'
result， the cavities found in this study are considered to be bubbles
・・・・・園。r.工on in，jec七 ion
主主門司t'-r-:さ"与
-EER闘
RぉFEUドトド
hド
ii''1144SF;teo--
fig.5 Alined cavities in SiC He-irradiated to 1 x 10.0 ions/m' at 1023 K.
fig.6 Damage structure in SiC irradiated of high damaged region(right).
-103-
J A E R 1 - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
with a high density of He atoms, and the alined bubbles seem to be formed on the c planes and along radiation-induced dislocations.
In the sample irradiated at 300 K, three well defined layers appear in the direction of depth from the ion-bombarded surface as shown in Fig. 6. Small defect clusters are observed as black dots in the layer from surface to 1.1 pm in depth; the density of defect clusters increases extremely over about 1.0 pm in depth. The second layer between 1.1 and 1.25 pm is considered to be amorphous from the result of electron diffraction analysis, and neither grain boundary and stacking fault existed before irradiation nor radiation-induced defects can be seen in the layer. In the thin layer behind the amorphous zone, the defect clusters are also observed. No cavities can be found in the layers. Since the amorphous zone is found in the region with a higher concentration of He atoms slightly behind the damage peak depth, the injected He atoms seem to play an important role in the araorphization of SiC crystal.
4. Summary The microstructural change due to 400 keV He ion-irradiation at
temperatures of 300 and 1023 K has been investigated by cross-sectional observation in SiC. (1) The experimental damage peak depth from the ion bombarded surface is in a good agreement with the calculated one. (2) In the case of 1023 K irradiation up to I x l O 2 0 ions/m!, alined He bubbles are formed on the c planes and along radiation-induced dislocations. (3) In the 300 K irradiation, the amorphous zone is formed slightly behind the region of defect clusters produced.
References 1) For example; L. H. Rovner and G. R. Hopkins: Nucl. Tech. 29 (1976) 274. 2) F. W. Clinard.Jr., G. F. Hurley and R. W. Klaffky: Res. Mechanica, 8
(1983) 207. 3) F. U. Clinard,Jr. and L. W. Hobbs: Physics of Radiation Effects in
Crystals, eds. R. A. Johnson and A. N. Orlov (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1986) pp. 387.
4) T. Aruga: JAERI M 83-226 (1984) pp. 1; K. Nakata, S. Takaraura, T. Aruga and M. Kobiyama: J. Nucl. Mater. |5J_ (1988) 301.
5) K. Hojou, S. Furuno, H. Otsu, K. Izui and T. Tsukamoto: J. Nucl. Mater. 155-157 (1988) 298.
6) K. Hojou and K. Izui: J. Nucl. Mater. Jj>0 (lQ88) 147.
-104-
JAER1-I¥! 89-119
with a high density of He atoms， and the alined bubbles seem to be formed
on the c planes and along radiation-induced dislocations.
1n the sample irradiat巴dat 300 K， three well defined layers appear in the direction of depth from the ion-bombarded surface as shown in Fig.
6. Small de f ect cl us ters are observed as black dots in the layer f rom
surf ace to 1. 1 pm in depth; the densi ty of def ec t cl us ters increases
extremely over about 1.0 pm in depth. Th巴 secondlayer between 1.1 and
1.25 pm is considered to be amorphous from the result of electron
diffraction analysis， and neither grain boundary and stacking fault exist-
ed before irradiation nor radiation-induced defects can be seen in the
layer. 1n the thin layer behind the amorphous zone， the defect clusters
are a1 so observed. No cavi t ies can be found in thc layers. Since the
amorphous zone is found in the region with a higher concentration of H邑
atoms slightly behind the damage peak depth， the injected He atoms seem to play an important role in the amorphization of SiC crystal.
ι. Sununary
The microstructura1 change due to ι00 keV He ion-irradiation at
temperatures of 300 and 1023 K has been investigated by cross-sectional
observation in SiC.
(1) The experimental damage peak depth from the ion bombarded surface is
in a good agreement with the calcu1ated one.
(2) 1n the case of 1023 K irradiation up to 1 x 10'0 ions/m'， alined He
bubbles are formed on the c planes and along radiation-induced
dislocations.
(3) 1n the 300 K irradiation， the amorphous zone is formed slightly behind
the region of defect clust巴rsproduced.
References
1) For example; L. H. Rovner and G. R. Hopkins: Nucl. Tech. 29 (1976) 274.
2) F. W. Clinard，Jr.， G. F. Hur1ey and R. W. K1affky: Res. Hechanica， 8
(1983) 207.
3) F. W. Clinard，Jr. and L. W. Hobbs: Physics of Radiation Effects in
Crystals， eds. R. A. Johnson and A. N. Orlov (North-Holland， Amsterdam， 1986) pp. 387.
4) T. Aruga: JAERI M 83-226 (1984) pp. 1; K. Nakata， S. Takamura， T. Aruga
and M. Kobiyama: J. Nucl. Mater. ~ (1988) 301.
5) K. Hojou， S. Furuno， H. Otsu， K. Izui and T. Tsukamoto: J. Nucl. Mater.
155-157 (1988) 298.
6) K. Hojou and K. 1zui: J. Nucl. Mater. ~盟 (1 a月8) 147.
一104-
JAER I-M 89-119
3.4 ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF LITHIUM ALUMINATE IRRADIATED WITH OXYGEN IONS
Kenji NODA, Yoshinobu ISHII, Kotaro KURODA , Masakatsu SASAKI , Hiroyasu SAKA and Hitoshi WATANABE
* Department of Fuels and Materials Research, JAERI, Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University
Ceramic materials for nuclear energy application are subjected to radiation such as neutrons etc. The radiation induces degradation of the dimensional stability and the functional performance. Researches of radiation-resistance ceramic materials are very important to develop new nuclear energy systems including fusion reactors and to improve the performance and reliability of current fission reactors.
In the present study irradiation damage of lithium aluminate (LiAlO,) which is one of lithium ceramic materials for breeder blanket of D-T fusion reactors was investigated using oxygen ion irradiation.
LiAlO, thin disks were obtained by cutting and lapping the sintered pellets (b^k density; about 100 %) with a diamond cutter and emery papers, respectively. The disks were thinned by ion-beam milling, to make specimens for transmission electron microscopic observation. The LiAlO, specimens were irradiated by oxygen ions with an energy of 400 KeV using 2 MV VDG (Van de Graafi accelerator) at JAERI. Microstructures of unirradiated and irradiated specimens were observed with a 200 KV transmission electron microscope.
An electron micrograph of dark field image and an electron diffraction pattern of an unirradiated LiAlOj specimen are shown in Fig. 1. As seen in the electron micrograph, the unirradiated specimen consisted of relatively large grain (grain size; larger than several p). The electron diffraction pattern with clear Kikuchi lines suggests that the crystal-linity of the grain was fairly good.
Fig. 2 shows an electron micrograph of bright field image and an 21 electron diffraction pattern of LiAlO, specimens irradiated to 1.3X10
2 ions/m by oxygen ions with an energy of 400 KeV. Remarkable change due to the irradiation could not be found in the electron micrograph. It is, however, observed in the electron diffraction pattern that diffused inten-
-105-
]AER 1-1 .. 1 89-119
3.4 ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF LITHIUM ALUMINATE
IRRADIATED WITH OXYGEN IONS
* Kenji NODA， Yoshinobu ISHII， Kotaro KURODA ，
* * Masakatsu SASAKI ， Hiroyasu SAKA and Hitoshi WATANABE
* Departmenヒof Fuels and Materials Research， JAERI， Faculty
of Engineering， Nagoya University
Ceramic mater工alsfor nuclear energy application are subjected to
radiation such as neutrons etc. The radiation induces degradaヒionof the
dimensional stability and the functional performance. Researches of
radiati口n-resistanceceramic materials are very important to develop new
nuclear energy systems including fusion reactors and to improve the per-
formance and reliability of current fission reactors.
In the present study irradiation damage of lithium aluminate (LiAI02)
which is one of lithium ceramic materials for breeder hlanket of D-T fu-
sion reactors was investigated using oxygen ion ~rradiation.
LiA102
thin disks were obtained by cuttinc and 1apping the sintered
1) pe11ets (bu'k density; about 100 も)~' with a diamond cutter and emery
papers， respect工ve1y. The disks were thinned by 工on-beammi11ing， to make
specimens for transm工ssione1ectron microscopic observation. The LiAI02
specimens were irradiated by oxygen ions with an energy of 400 KeV using 2
MV VDG (Van de Graaff accelerator) at JAERI. Microstructures of unir-
radiated and irradiated specimens were observed with a 200 KV transmission
electron microscope.
An electron micrograph of dark field image and an electron diffrac-
tion pattern of an unirradiated LiA102 specimen are shown in Fig. 1. As
seen in the electron micrograph， the unirradiated specimen consisted of
relative1y 1arge grain (grain size; 1arger than severa1 p). The electron
diffraction pattern with clear Kikuchi lines suggests that the crystal-
linity of the grain was fairly good.
Fig. 2 shows an electron micrograph of bright field image and an
21 electron diffraction pattern of LiAI02
specimens irradiated to 1.3XIO
ions/m2 by oxygen ions with an energy of 400 KeV. Remarkab1e change due
to the irradiation could not be found in the electron micrograph. It is，
however， observed in the electron diffraction pattern that diffused inten-
105
JAER1-M 89-119
sity maxima were superimposed on diffraction spots due to LiAlCu crystal. This may suggest that small amounts of another phase such as LiAl-Og were formed or amorphization occurred very slightly. In contrast with this, complete amorphization due to the irradiation was observed for SiC and YBa 2Cu 30 7_ x irradiated to 1.4X1021 ions /m 2 by nitrogen (400 KeV) or oxygen (1 MeV) ions . In an optical absorption spectroscopic study of LiAlO,, no prominent absorption band due to irradiation defects was found
21 2 for the sintered specimens irradiated to 1.4X10 ions /m by oxygen ions with an energy of 1 MeV . From these, LiAlO^ seems to be have considerably high resistivity to irradiation damage.
References 1) S. Hirano, T. Hayashi and T. Kageyama: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 7£ (1987)
171. 2) K. Noda, Y. Ishii, K. Kuroda, M. Sasaki, M. Suginoshita, T. Imura,
H. Saka and H. Watanabe: JAERI-M 88-181 (1988) p.76-79. 3) K. Noda, Y. Ishii, H. Matsui, H. Ohno, S. Hirano and H. Watanabe:
J. Nucl. Mater. 155-157 (1988) 568.
-106-
]AERI-M 89-119
sity maxima were superimposed on diffraction spots due to LiA102 crysta1.
This may suggest that sma11 amounts of another phase such as LiA1508 were
formed or amorphization occurred very s1ight1y. In contrast wiヒh this，
comp1ete amorphization due to the irradiation was observed for SiC and
21 1_2 YBa2Cu307_x
irradiated to 1.4X10'. ions 1m' by nitrogen (400 KeV) or
2 ) oxygen (1 MeV) ions". In an optica1 absorption spectroscopic study of
LiA102， no prominent absorption band due to irradiation defects was found
21 for the sintered specimens irradiated to 1.4X10'. ions 1m' by oxygen ions
with an energy of 1 MeV3). From these， LiAI02
seems to be have con-
siderably high resistivity to irradiation damage.
References
1) S. Hirano， T. Hayashi and T. Kageyama: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70 (1987)
171.
2) K. Noda， Y. Ishii， K. Kuroda， M. Sasaki， M. Suginoshita， T. Imura，
H. Saka and H. Watanabe: JAERI-M 88-181 (1988) p.76-79.
3) K. Noda， Y. Ishii， H. Matsui， H. Ohno， S. Hirano and H. Watanabe:
J. Nuc1. Mater. 155-157 (1988) 568.
-]06-
J A E R I - M 89-119
Fig.l An electron micrograph and an electron diffraction pattern of unirradiated LiAlO-,.
Fig.2 An electron micrograph and an electron diffraction pattern of LiAlO, 21 2 irradiated to 1.3x10 ions/m by oxygen ions with an energy of 400 KeV.
-107-
JAER I-M 89・119
Fig.l An electron micrograph and an e1ectron diffraction pattern of
unirradiated LiA102・
Fig.2 An electron micrograph and an e1ectron diffraction pattern of Li且102
21 ，___ ，-2 irradiated to 1.3xl0~~ ions/m~ by oxygen ions with an energy of 400 KeV.
-107-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
3.5 Defect Production by Electron Excitation in FCC Metals Irradiated with High Energy Heavy Ions
* Akihiro IWASE, Tadao IWATA, Takeshi Nihira and Shigemi Sasaki
* Department of Physics, JAERI, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University
In previous papers , we pointed out that the electron excitation by high energy heavy ions could caus the radiation annealing (defect annihilation during irradiation) in FCC metals with a strong electron-phonon interaction. In this paper, we present the possibility of defect production by electron excitation in Ni and Cu. The experiment was performed as follows; the thin foils of Ni and Cu about 0.2-0.25|jm thick were irradiated with 84-126 MeV heavy ions. During the irradiations the electrical resistivity change Ap was measured as a function of ion fluence. The temperature of the specimens was held below 10 K during the irridiations and resistivity measurements. The experimental results were analyzed using a new model which describes the defect production and radiation annealing of several types of defects, where the respective defect concentration is expressed as a function of ion fluence. The detail
nf the analysis will be published elsewhere . Figures 1 and 2 show the examples of damage production rate curves, where the damage production rates in Ni and Cu are plotted on a log scale as a function of ion fluence. The figures show that the damage production rate curves can be expressed as the sum of 2 or 3 exponential functions of ion fluence. From the gradient and the extrapolated value to $=0 of each straight line, we can determine the defect production cross section and the cross section of radiation annealing for each type of defects, and the initial value of damage production rate (dC/d$ at <I>=0) gives the total defect production cross
section 0, . Figure 3 shows the damage efficiency, which is defined by the
ratio of experimental defect production cross section 0, to the
calculated one, is plotted as a function of PKA median energy T . , for Ni
and Cu irradiated with "VLOO MeV ions. For comparison, the results for VI
108-
]AERI-t..I89-119
3.5 Defect Production by E1ectron Excitati口n ~口 FCC Meta1s
1rradiated w工th High Energy Heavy 10ns
* Akihiro 1WASE， Tadao 1WATA， Takeshi Nihira and
Shigemi Sasaki
* Department of Physics， JAER1， Facu1ty of Engineering，
1baraki University
1-3) In previous papers we pointed ouと thatthe e1ectron excitation by
hlgh energy heavy ions cou1d caus the radiation annea1ing (defect
annlhi1ation during irradユation) in FCC meta1s with a strong e1ectron-
phonon interaction. In this paper， we present the possibi1工tyof defect
r.roゴuction by e1ectron excitation in Ni and Cu. The experiment was
performed as fo11ows; the thin foi1s of Ni and Cu about O.2-0.25wm thick
Wりre irrad工ateawith 84-126 MeV heavyユ0115. Dur工ngthe irradiations the
"'1己ctrical res工stivitychange dp was measured as a function of ion f1uence.
Th円 ternpぜrヨ七ureof the specir吋answas he1d be10w 10 K during the
"1 r r _1C! 1 a仁l0ns a口d resistivity measurements. The experimenta1 resu1ts were
ana1yzed リSlnaa new model which descrょbes the defect production and
radlatlon annoaling of severa1 types of defects， where the respective
d臼 fθct concentration is expressed as a function of ion fluence. The detai1
3) つfthe ana1ysis wi11 be pub1ished e1sewhere--. Figures 1 and 2 show the
examp1es of damage production rate curves， where the damage production
rates in Ni and Cu are p10tted on a 10g sca1e as a function of ion f1uence.
The figures show that the damage production rate curves can be expressed as
the sum of 2 or 3 exponentia1 functions of ion f1uence. From the gradient
and the extrapo1ated va1ue to 中=0of each straight 1ine， we can determine
the defect production cross section and the cross section of radiation
annea1ing for each type of defects， and the initia1 va1ue of dumage
production rate (dC!d中 at中=0) gives the tota1 defect production cross
eXD section 0;;""'. Figure 3 shows the damage efficiency， which is defined by the
eXD ratio of experimenta1 defect pr吋 uctioncross sectionσ~""'" to the
calcu1ated one， is p10tted as a function of PKA median energy T， I~' for Ni 1/2
and Cu irradiated with ~100 MeV ions. For comparison， the resu1ts for ~l
-108-
JAERI-M 89-1 19
MeV ion irradiations are also plotted. In the case of M MeV ion irradiations, the dependence of the damage efficiency on T . is about the
same in Ni and Cu. This means that, for M MeV ion irradiations, the elastic collisions dominate the defect production and radiation annealing in Ni and Cu. On the other hand, the damage efficiency for MOO MeV ion irr.j.liated Cu is much larger than for M MeV ion irradiation. This result suggests that the high density electron excitation by MOO MeV ions can produce the lattice defects in Cu. The defect production by electron excitation is expected also in Ni irradiated with MOO MeV ions. The radiatior annealing by electron excitation is, however, much larger in Ni
than in Cu . Therefore, We can hardly observe the enhancement of defect production in Ni, and the effective damage efficiency for MOO MeV ion irradiated Ni is smaller than for Cu as can be seen in Fig. 3.
References
1) A. Iwase, S. Sasaki, T. Iwata and T. Nihira, Phys. Rev. Lett. 5J3 (1987) 2450.
2) T. Iwata and A. Iwase, Rad. Eff. in press. 2) A. Iwasc, T. Iwata, S. Sasaki and T. Nihira, Phys. Rev. B to be
published.
ION FLUENCE (1o'5/cm2) ION FLUENCE (1014/cm!)
Fig. 1 Analysis of damage production rates as a function of ion fluence in ion-irradiated Ni. Experimental data (solid circles) can be reproduced by the sum of 2 or 3 exponential functions.
-109-
]AERI-M 89-119
MeV ion ユrradiationsare also plotted. In the case of ~l MeV ion
irradiations， the dependence of the damage efficiency on T， I~ is about the 1/2
same ln N斗 andCu. This means that， for ~1 MeV ion irradiations， the
elastic collisions dominate the defect production and radiation annealing
in Ni and Cu. On the other hand， the damage efficiency for ~lOO MeV ion
lrrょ:liated Cu is much larger than for ~l MeV ion irradiation. This re"ult
suggcsts that the high density electron excitat斗onby ~lOO MeV ions can
produce the lattice defects in Cu. The defect production by elec:ron
ε~citation is excected also in Ni irradiated wユth ~lOO MeV ions. The
radiat工or annealing by electron excitation is， however， much largerュn Ni
3 ) than ユn Cu-'. Therefore， We can hardly observe the enhancement of defect
proauct:onュn Ni， and the effective damage effユciency for slOO MeV io口
irradiated Ni is smaller than for Cu as can be seen in Fig. 3.
References
l)λ. Iwase， S. Sasaki， Iwata and T. Nih斗ra，Phys. Rev. Lett. 5旦(1987)
2450.
~) Iwata and A. Iwase， Rad. Eff. 工口 press.
3) A. Iwas~ ， T. Iwata， S. Sasaki and T. Nihira， Phys. Rev. B to be
Dublュshed.
5 2 34 14，
FLUENCE (10'~/cm‘)
」
ION
同
E 、ー，E
9 ・2110 、、
。‘<l 、。
P「M
14『ヨJZ
」一一」1.5 2
15， __2 (10'-/ cm')
1.5 MeV ~He - Ni
L一一ー」0.5
ION FLUENCE
-22 5x 10
円
E '-' c:
}
ーも 5x 10 ..ト¥ トーー 目
民「
‘~ }自
司 10・23tr
5x 10・24ヒムO
10・22
Fig. 1 Analysis of damage production rates as a function of ion fluence in
ion-irradiated Ni. Experimental data (solid circles) can be reproduced by
the sum of 2 or 3 exponential functions.
-109-
JAER I-M 89-1 19
5x10
•a
- 5x10'
10 ™b
1.8 MeV ""Ar — Cu ~
20
21
- -
21 \ . -
5x10
_ 5x10
0.5 1 1.5
F i g . 2 Same as F IG . l e x c e p t in Cu.
10
0.1
A ~ I00MeV I O N — Cu £. - 1 MeV ION — Cu
" r ,
• -lOOMeV I O N — Ni A C ' 0 - 1 MeV ION — Ni A \ s s >
-'H 'He
H !He He
\
F "CI
"Br — •
\tf 10' PKA MEDIAN ENERGY T 1 / 2 (eVJ
Fig. 3 Damage efficiency vs. PKA median energy in Ni and Cu irradiated with *Vl MeV and M O O MeV ions. Scale of the ordinate is logarithmic.
110-
JAER I-M 89・ 119
126 MeV l5Cl - Cu
5:10・21
同
E U
ロ
申、2¥ 旬刊一5:10~ "'-叫司
、3
叶↓イ寸」ll」Z
1.8 MeV 岨:.Ir-・-Cu
5:10・m
6 2 4 5
1‘z ION FlUENCE (10" !cm")
-弓〆』‘B
，
・
2
-
胃-
c
E
，J
-
買
4
・
回
i
-RJwnuw
J
・1
・1-
l
-
C
』
-
P
、
-
M
同
一
戸
炉
』
1.
‘10HU
ー」Fa
0.5
ION
Same as FIG.l except in Cu. ドig. 2
M
tρD一ll~"ι(仁』戸 12元C\、哨""勺1 )句、、、、 S¥
H JIJ_ "l，._、、、、 1・
官官iiY失1 ・2r『叱l f〉・
"1
... -IOOM.V ION-Cu A 陶 1M.V JON - Cu
.‘100M.V ION-Ni
O ‘ 1 M.V ION - Ni
10
」
Fuzu-u一LL凶
凶
0424ロ
。
105
104
T1I2 (eV J
Id PKA MEO[AN ENERGY
。1'-:;10
Fig. 3 Damage e:ficiency vs. PKA median energy in Nエand Cu irradiated
with ~l MeV and ~100 MeV ions. Scale of the ordinate is logarithmic.
-110一
JAER1-M 89-1 19
3.6 A STUDY OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION ON ION IRRADIATED GaAs CRYSTALS
Hiroshi MAETA, Katsuji HARUNA*, Kazutosi OHASHI*. Takuro KOIKE" and Fumihisa ONO**
Department of Physics, JAERI, ""'Faculty of Engineering, Tamagawa University, '""'""'College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Okayama University
1. Introduction Irradiation of materials with energetic ions produces displacement
cascade containing high local concentrations of vacancy-interstitial pairs, and at an elevated temperature these vacancies and interstitials aggregate to form clusters such as dislocation loops, stacking fault, tetrahedra, or voids. Investigations of these cascades and their thermal annealing process by transmission electron microscopy and field ion microscopy have provided a considerable amount of information . However, additional quantitative information regarding cascade sizes, morphologies, internal defect densities, and thermal evolution is need for further understanding of the pnysics of defect production and defect interaction. Usually, the energetic ion irradiation makes an inhomogeneous damaged region within the penetration range. This effect makes it difficult to analyze the data so far obtained by various experiments. Therefore, it is needed to develop the ion irradiation technique to get an uniformly damaged region[l,2].
In this work, we have explored an irradiation technique to make an uniformly damaged region varying the ion energy. The damaged area in a GaAs specimen was investigated by X-ray diffraction measurements, and the applicability of this technique for study of radiation effects is discussed.
2. Experimental Procedures GaAs single crystals with <111> orientation were irradiated at liquid
nitrogen temperature with He ion using 2MV VdG Accelerator. The specimens were irradiated in non channeling direction with ions of energy from 0.25 to 1.5 MeV. The fluences at the various energies were chosen by fitting
111-
J:\ERl-~1 89-119
3.& A STUDY OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION ON ION IRRADIATED GaAs
CRYSTALS
Hiroshi 阿AETA， KiltSUj i HARUNA':¥Kazutosi OHASHI仙.
Takuro KOIK(' and Fumlhisa ONO"'-"-
Departm巴ntof Physics， JAERI， .~-Faculty of Engineerlng，
Tamagawa UniverSity， 相手Colleg巴 ofLiberal Arts and
SClences， Okayama Univ巴rs可t.y
1. Inlroduclion
Irradlatlon of materials with energetic ions produces displacemert
cascade conla1ninl hlgh local concentrations of vacancy-int巴rst 1 t i a 1 pa i r s，
and at a1 el巴vated temDerature these vacancies and int巴rstitialsaggregate
tc form clusters such as dislocation loops， stacking fault， tetrahedra， or
VOl ds. I nv巴stlgatlons of these cascad巴s and their thermal annealing
口ruC巴三二 by transmlSS10n electron microscopy and field ion microscopy have
provided a conslderal::1e amount of information ， However， additional
qlid円tltatlv巴 lnforo'atloηregardlngcascade sizes， morphologies， internal
defect dcnSltles， and thermal evolution is need for further understanding
of the pnyslcs of d巴fectproduction and defect interaction， Usually， the
energ巴tlC lon lrradlat lOn makes an inhomogen巴ousdamaged r巴gion within the
P巴netrat 1 on rang巴 ThlS eff巴ct makes it difficult to analyze the data so
far obtalned by VarlOUS experiments， Therefore. it is needed to develop
the ion lrradlation technlque to get an uniformly damaged region[1.2J，
In thlS work， we have巴xplor巴dan irradiation technique to make an
unlformly damaged region varying the ion energy， The damaged area in a
GaAs spec i men was i nves t i ga ted by X-ray diffracti on measurements. and the
applicabi 1 ity of this technique for study of radiation effects is
dlscussed，
2， Experimental Procedures
GaAs single crystals with <111> orientation were irradiated at liquid
nitrogen temperature with He ion using 2MV VdG Accelerator. The specimens
were irradiated in non channeling direction with ions of energy from 0，25
to 1.5 MeV. The fluences at the various energi巴sw巴rechosen by fitting
111
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
EDEP1 damage ene rgy c a l c u l a t i o n s t o o b t a i n a c o n s t a n t number o f the d e f e c t s
p r o d u c e d by t h e He i o n as a f u n c t i o n o f d e p t h i n t h e c r y s t a l . F i g . 1
shows t h e c a l c u l a t e d number o f t he d e f e c t t o be dpa = 0.001 f o r t he He ion
i r r a d i a t i o n u s i n g 14 e n e r g y s t e p s o f i o n s ( 0 . 2 5 , 0 . 3 , 0 . 4 , 0 .5 , 0 .5 , 0 .7 ,
0 .8 , 0 . 9 , 1 . 1 , 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 MeV). T o t a l dose i s c o r r e s p o n d t o 5 x
10 i o n s / c m . A f t e r t h e i r r a d i a t i o n t h e spec imens were warmed up t o room
t e m p e r a t u r e . T h e n , x - r a y m e a s u r e m e n t s w e r e c a r r i e d o u t . By u s i n g a CuK ,
beam t h r o u g h a f i n e s l i t o f 0.2 mm i n w i d t h , t h e m e a s u r e m e n t s o f t h e
l a t t i c e p a r a m e t e r were c a r r i e d ou t by t he Bond method i n w h i c h two c o u n t e r s
were p l a c e d s y m m e t r i c a l l y .
3. Resu l ts and Discussion
Remarkab le changes o f d i f f r a c t i o n p r o f i l e s have been in t he i r r a d i a t e d
GaAs spec imen . An e x t r a peak appeared a f t e r He i o n i r r a d i a t i o n , as seen i n
F i g . 2. The a d d i t i o n a l peak i s l o c a t e d on t h e l o w e r a n g l e s i d e o f the Bragg
peaks . T h i s peak comes f r o m the i r r a d i a t e d r e g i o n . I t i s due t o t he vo lume
e x p a n s i o n i n t he i r r a d i a t e d r e g i o n where t h e d e f e c t s wou ld cause i n c r e a s e
i n t h e l a t t i c e p a r a m e t e r .
The l a t t i c e p a r a m e t e r s by t h e Bond m e t h o d a r e p r e s e n t e d i n t a b l e 1
t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e v a ^ e s o f t he l a t t i c e p a r a m e t e r s i n t h e o p p o s i t e s i d e o f
D( X
X (MICRON]
Fig 1. Damage profile for the He-ion irradiation of GaAs.
112-
J A E R [-~I 89-1 19
EDEP1 damage energy ca1cu1ations to obtain a constant number of the defects
produced by the He 10n as a function of depth in the crysta1. Fig. 1
shows the ca1cu1ated number of the defect to be dpa 0.001 for the He 10n
1rrad1ation using 14 energy steps of ions (0.25， 0.3， 0.4， 0.5， 0.6， 0.7，
0.8， 0.9， l.l， l.2， l.3， l.4， l.5 MeV). Total dose lS correspond to 5 x 14_ _ __ I
10'~10ns!cm~. After the 1rradiation the specimens were warmed up to room
temperature. Then， x-ray measurements were carried out. By usi円9a CuK ，(
beam thl-ough a f1ne Sllt of 0.2 mm in width， the m巴asurem巴門 tsof th巴
latt1c巴 para町leterwere carn巴dout by the Bond method in Wh1Ch two counters
were placed symmetrlcally.
3. Results and Discussion
Remarkable changes of d1ffraction profil巴shave been in the i rγadiated
GaAs specimen. An extra peak appeared aft巴rHe ion irradiation， as seen in
F1g・2. The additional peak is locat巴don the lower angle side of the Bragg
peaks . Th1S peak comes from the irradiated region. It is due to the volume
expanSlOn in the irrad1ated region where the defects would cause 1円crease
1n the lattice paramet巴r.
The latt1ce parameters by the Bond method are presented 1n table 1
toce:her w1th t上e'/a1ues of th巴 latticeparameters in the oppcsite side of
;lili---]; :Jj ilD(XIlJ1i
@マ
za口
CL "-
二'0
N
m 制伺・ロ
e -
。chootO0200300 ・00 5.ao 6.00 田00 6.00 9.00
X INICRONI
E
10.0官
Fig 1. Damage profile for the He-ion irradiation of GaAs.
112
JAERI-M 89-1 19
the irradiated specimen and the unirradiated specimen. The fractional change in the lattice parameter is found to be Aa/ag = 3.4 x 10 for the damaged region. The values of the lattice parameters for the peak 1 which come from the unirradiated region are in good agreement with that in the opposite side of the irradiated specimen and nonirradiated specimens. From this fact it is concluded that the slightly larger lattice parameter of the peak 2 is due to the the defects induced by ion-irradiation. We have also measured the lattice parameter of the irradiated specimen at the (333) reflection . No splitting has been seen in this peak as shown in fig 2. We did obtain the value of the lattice parameter to be 5.6550 A which is in very good agreement with the value of the lattice parameter in the irradiated region of the (444) reflection. This means that the Bragg peak is reflected only on the irradiated region at the (333) reflection.
On the other hand, in LiF specimens which were bombarded with 165 MeV Cl + ion to 10 ion/cm at room temperature, we found the Bragg peaks together with two peaks on lower side of the main Bragg peak. The lattice parameters in the irradiated region were an expansion Aa/ag = 8 x 10 for the region near the surface and Aa/ag = 2.4 x 10 for the heavily damaged region[3]. These two peaks come from the normally irradiated region and the more heavily irradiated area where the defects were not produced uniformly and profile of the reflection appeared as two peaks associated with the main Bragg peak.
From the present experiment it is shown that the controlled ion energy irradiation produces an uniformly irradiated region in near surface of the specimen. This method is useful for the study of radiation damage experiments.
A more detailed analysis of the present results and measurement of the diffuse scattering are currently in progress.
References [1] B.C. Larson, T.S. Noggle and J.E. Barhorst ; MRS Symposia Proceedings
Volume 41 " Advanced Photon and Particle Techniques for the characterization of Defects in Solids ed. J.B. Roberto et al. p25('85).
[2] H. Maeta, B.C. Larson, T.P. Sjoreen, 0.S, Oen and J.D. Lewis ; to be published in MRS Symposia Proceedings Vol. 138 (1989).
[3] H. Maeta, K. Haruna, K. Ohashi, T. Koike and F. Ono ; JAERI TANDEM, LINAC & V.D.G. Annual Report 1986, p 65.
-113-
JAERI-~I 89-119
the irradiated specimen and the unirradiated specimen. The fractiona1
change in the 1attice param巴ter is found to be ，¥a/ao 3.4 x 10-4 for the
damaged region. The va1ues of the 1attice parameters for the peak 1 which
come fro~ the unirradiated region are in good agreement with that in th巴
opposite side of the it-radiated specimen and nonirradiated specimens.
From this fact it lS conc1uded that the slight1y 1arger 1attice parameter
of the peak 2 is due to the the defects induced by ion-irradiation. We
have a1so measured the 1attice parameter of the irradiated speci庁lenat the
(333) ref1ection. No sp1itting has been se巴nin this peak as show円 inf1g
2. We did obtain the va1ue of th巴 1atticeparam巴ter to be 5.6550 A wh i ch
is 1n very good agreement with the value of the 1attice parameter i円 the
irradiated region of the (444) r巴flect i on. Thi s means that the sragg peak
1 S ref1巴ctedon1y on the irradiated region at the (333) ref1ectio~
On th巴 otherhand， i n L i F spとcimenswhich were bombarded with 165 MeV
C1+10 ion to 1013 ion/cm2 at room temperature， we found the sragg peaks
together with two peaks on 10wer side of the main Bragg p巴ak. The 1attice
parameters i円 the irradiated region were an expansion 6a/aO 8 x 10-4 for
th白 reg10円 nearthe surface and 6a/aO 2.4 x 10-3 for the heavi1y damag巴d
reg10n[3]. These tWQ peaks com巴 fromthe norma11y irradiated region and the
more heav11y irradiated ar巴awhere the Jefects were not produced uniform1y
and profi1e of the ref1ection appeared as two peaks associated with the
ma 1 n Bragg pea k.
From the present experiment it is shown that the contro11ed ion energy
irradiat10n produces an uniform1y irradiated region in near surface of
tl，e speC1men. This method is usefu1 for the study of radiation damage
experlm巴nts.
A more detai1ed ana1ysis of the present resu1ts and measurement of
the d1ffuse scattering ar巴 current1y in progress.
References
[1] B.C. Larson， T.S. Nogg1e and J.E. Barhorst MRS Symposia Proceedings
Vo 1 ume 41 " Advanced Photon and Part i c 1 e Techn i ques for the
characteri za t i on of Defects i n So li ds ed. J.B. Roberto et a 1. p25('85).
[2 J H. 問aeta，B.C. Larson， T.P. Sjoreen， O.S. Oen and J.D. Lewis to be
pub1ished in 阿RS Symposia Proceedings Vol. 138 (1989).
[3] H. Maeta， K. Haruna， K. Ohashi， T. Koike and F. Ono JAERI TANDE阿，
LINAC & V.D.G. Annua1 Report 1986， p 65.
-113-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
Table 1
The lattice parameters of GaAs single crystal irradiated and unirradiated regions and opposite side regions of the irradiated specimen by the He ion at liquid nitrogen temperature.
Peak 2 Peak 1
damaged undamaged
region region
l a t t i c e
parameter 5.6551 5.6535
( A )
Opposite side Nonirradiated region of the specimen irrad. specimen
5.6532 5.6533
W a 0 = 0.034 I
CuKa GaAs (444)
peak 2 ft . p e a k ,
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 a) (degree)
* •
(23= 141.0°)
GaAs (333)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 AOJ (degree)
(29 = 90.0°)
Fig. 2 X-ray profile of GaAs crystal after the irradiation with the He ion irradiation .
114-
J A E R 1 -:-'1 89-11 9
Table 1
The lattice parameters of GaAs single crystal lrradiated and
unirradiated regio円s and opposite side regions of the lrradiated speClmen
by the He ion at liquid nitrogen temperature.
Cu K02 =コロ
じ孟孟 l
-0.4 -0.2 O 0.2 0.4 0.6 -0.2 -0.1 O 0.1 0.2
ω(degreel aω(degree l
(28= 141.0.) (28 = 90.0. l
lattice
parameter
( A )
CuKロl
Peak 2
damaged
Opposite side Nonirradiated
reglo円。fthe speClme円
i rrad. spec i men reglon
Peak 1
undamaged
reglO円
5.6551 5.6535 5.6532 5.65:'13
句人m
nω，
守、dn
u • n
u 一一nu
a
ffJ
a
《
]
GaAs (444) G口As(333)
CuKロ1
peak 1
Fig. 2 X-ray profile of GaAs crystal after the irradiation with the He ion
i rradi at i on
一114一
JAER I-M 89-119
5. 7 PRECISE X-RAY OBSERVATION OF Si SINGLE CRYSTALS IRRADIATED WITH ENERGETIC HEAVY IONS (7)
Hiroshi TOMIMITSU
Department of Physics, JAERI
1.Introduction From the conventional X-ray diffraction topographic observation on more
than 50 pieces of the Si single crystals irradiated with energetic heavy 1 2) ions, the present author has reported the following conclusions ' :
1) In more than 50% of the specimen examined, macroscopic deformation through the crystal due to the ion-irradiation was recognized. 2) Almost all the specimens examined sustained heavy lattice-strains which
concentrated at the boundaries between the irradiated- and non-irradiated areas.
3) Regularly arrayed systematic fringes were observed within the irradiated area in more than 70% of the specimen. The origin of such interference fringes seems to be caused by the inhomogeneous distribution of the
3 4) projectile ions, just as assumed by Bonse, Hart and Schwuttke ' . It would be emphasized, however, that several of the specimens are not applied in the case, and the results observed apparently contradict with their assumption.
4) In more than 60% of the specimens examined, irregular contrasts were observed within the irradiated ares, and they seemed to indicate the disordered lattice caused by the ion-irradiation.
In order to reveil the origin of the interference fringes mentioned above (3), so-called a double crystal X-ray diffraction method was applied to those specimens, and preliminary results will be reported in +-he present article.
2.Experimental Procedure The preparation of the Si wafers used in this experiment and the
procedures of the ion-ir-adiation of the wafers are reported in the Ref.4.. The experimental set-up of the X-ray double crystal diffraction method
is shown in Fig.1. Here, the monochromator crystal(M) is as perfect as the
— MB —
IAERI-' 89-119
l.7 PRECISE X-RAY OBSERVATION OF Si SINGLE CRYSTALS
IRRADIATED 師 団 園 田G町 ICHEAVY IONS (7)
Hiroshi TOMIMITSU
Department of Physi巴s，JAERI
1. Introdu巴七ion
From the conventiona1 X-ray diffraction topographlc observation on more
than 50 pieces 0: the Si single crys七a1sirradiated with energetic heavy 1.2)
ions， the present且uthorhas reported the following conclusions"-':
1) In more than 50% of the specimen examined， macroscopic deformation through the crystal due七othe ion-irradiation was recognized.
2) A1most aユlもhespecimens examined sus七ainedheavy 1a七七ice-strainswh工ch
coucentrated at七heboundaries be七weenthe irradia七ed-and non-irradiated
areas.
3) Regular1y arrayed syste田a七icfringes were observed within the irradiated
area ln田ore七han70% cf the specim巴n.The origin of such interference
frir.ges seems to be caused by七heinhomogeneous distribution of th巴
3，4) projecti1e ions， just as assumed by Bonse， Hart and Schwuttke/'¥ It
would be emph旦SlZ巴d，how巴ver，七hat several of the specimens are not
applied in thc case，旦ndthe resuユtsobserved apparent1y contradict wi七h
their assumption.
4) In more than 60% ofもhespecimens examined， irregular con七rastswere
observed w:thin the irradiated ares， and they seemed to indi巴a七e七he
disordered lattice caused by the ion-irradiation.
In order to reveil the origin of七hein七erferencefringes men七ionee
above (3)， so-ca11ed a doub1e crys七a1X-ray diffrac七ionmethod was app1ied
to七hosespecimens，且ndpre1iminary resu1七swill be reported in t.he pτesen七
ar七icle.
2.Exoerimental Procedure
The preparation of the Si wafers used in七hisexperiment and七he
procedures of七he ion-ir~ 9.dia七ion of七hewafers are repor七edin七heRef.4.
The experimental set-up of the X-ray doub1e crys七a1diffrac七ionmethod
is shown in Fig.1. Here， the monochroma七orcrysta1(M) 1s as perfect as the
-115
t J A E R I - M 89-119
specimen crystal(S) before the ion-irradiation, when both of the reflecting planes of M and S are the same to each other, the FWHM of the rocking curve is very small, as shown in Fig.2-a, as an example. Therefore, one can observe the crystal-imperfections with the angular resolution of about 0.5", which corresponds to the relative deviation of the crystal lattice constant of about 10" .
3.Results As the measurement has been just started, only very preliminary
results can be briefly reported; 1) The lattice constant is measured by the present double crystal
diffraction set-up. Fig.3 shows the example of the 333 peaks with +,+ reflection and +,- reflection, respectively. The lattice constant thus measured agreed well with the known value,which showed the credibility of the present method. 2) As for the specimen irradiated with C (100MeV) ion with the dose of
15 2 around 3x10 ions/cm , an example of the rocking curve of 333 reflection in the transraittion case is shown in Fig.2-b, which shows much complicated profile, compared with the original Si wafer without ion-irradiation(Fig.2-a).
Further investigations are now in progress.
The author is much indebted to Drs. Abe and Masui of Shinetsu-Handotai Co. for their kind offering him the Si wafers used in this experiment.
References 1) H.Tomimitsu: Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. 22 (1983) L674. 2) H.Tomimitsu: JAERI-M Report No.88-181 (1988) pp84.-87. 3) G.H.Schwuttke, K.Brack, E.E.Gardner and H.M.DeAngelis: Proc. Santa Fe
Conf.Radiation Effects in Semiconductors, ed. F.Vook,(Plenum Press,N.Y., 1968) pp.406.
4) U.Bonse, M.Hart and G.H.Schwuttke: Phys.Stat.Solidi 22 (1969) 361.
-116-
jAERI-M 89-119
specimen crystal(S) before the ion-irradiation， when bo七hof the reflecting
planes of M and S are the same to each other，七heFWHM of the rocking curve
is very small， as shown in Fig ・2-a，as an exa皿ple. Therefore， one can observe the crystal-imperfections with七heangular resolution of about
0.5"， which corresponds 七o七herela七ivedevia七ionof the crystal la七七ice
constan七 ofabol..七 10-6
3.Results
As the measuremen七 hasbeen just s七ar七ed，only very preliminary
results can be briefly reported;
1) The lattice constan七 is皿easuredby七hepresent double crys七al
diffract.ion se七-up.Fig.3 shows七heexample of七he333 peaks with +，+ refle巴七ionand +，-reflection， respec七ively.The la七七icecons七an七 thus
measured agreed well with the known value，whi巴hshowed the creditility of
七hepresen七 me七hod.12_+6
2) As for the specimen irradiated with '~C'v (100MeV) ion wi七hthe dose of 15， _ __ I 2
around 3x10'/ions/cm~ ， an example of the rocking curve of 333 reflec七ion
in the 七ransmi七七ioncase is shown in Fig.2-b， which shows much co田plica七ed
profile， compared with the original Si wafer without ion-irradiation(Fig.2-a).
Further investigations are now in progress.
The author is much indebted to Drs. Abe and Masui of Shinetsu-Hando七ai
Co. for their kind offering hi田七heSi wafers used in this experimen七.
References
1) H.Tomimitsu: Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. 22 (1983) L674.
2) H.Tomimitsu: JAERI-M Report No.88-181 (1988) pp84-87.
3) G.H.Schwuttke， K.Brack， E.E.Gardner and H.M.DeAngelis: Proc. Santa Fe
Conf.Radiation Effects in Semiconductors， ed. F.Vook，(Plenum Press，N.Y.， 1968) pp.406.
4) U.Bonse， M.Hart and G.H.Schwuttke: Phys.Stat.Solidi Ji (1969) 361.
116-
Fig.1 Experimental Arrangement of the Double Crystal X-Ray Diffraction
X: X-Ray Focus (Cu-Target, Effective Size:1x1mm2, Power:55kVx250mA) H: Monochromator Crystal in a Radiation-Shielding on a Single-Axis
Goniometer IS: Incidence Slit with Variable Cross-Section S: Specimen Crystal on a High Anguler-Resolution Goniometer
D1,D2: Detectors for (+,+) and ( + ,-) Reflections, respectively T: Vibration-Free Table in the Temperature Regulated Atomosphere
---一台ヤ~~
」〉開問
['ζ
庁山由，--∞
ー一
ー】】吋|
Experlmental Arrangement of lhe Double Crystal X-Ray Dlffraction
X: X-Ray Focus (Cu-Targel， Eff巴ctiveSize:lxlmm2， Power:55kVx250mA) H: Monochromator Cryslal ln a Radiation-Shielding口n0 Single-Axis
Fig・1
Goniometer
IS: Incidence Slit wilh Variable Cross-Seclion
S: Specimen Crystal on a l!igh Anguler-Resolution GoniomeL巴r
Dl，D2: Detectors for (+，+) antl (+，ー) Refleclions， respecLively
T: Vibration-Free Table ln the TemperaLufe Regulated ALomosphere
J A E R I - M 89-119
iw.yfy-jytsr.SO a^v*
0 o 0 0 o 0 0 o.
V 'K-vr.-KT,
•C"
0,-iC
6 •-•
0 0 £'
"Emms**'
Fig.2-a Rocking Curve of the Standard Si Wafer without Ion-Irradiation, the FWHM being about 2.6", by 333 Refletion in Bragg-case with the 333 monochromator reflection.
Fig.2-b An Example of the Rocking Curve of a C-Irradiated Si Wafer, by 333 Reflection in Bragg case.
-(-K+; -§r ( + , - ;
Fig.3 Profile with Very Wide Range Angular Scanning, Showing 2 Main Peaks by Cu-K ... Radiation and 2 Smaller Peaks by K,„, Giving the Lattice Constan of Well-Known Value. 333 Reflections were used.
-118-
]AERI-M 89-119
世 G~~~
L時明、駒山
-，iと0-'，..J."、"
.ç.!:~ 与，'，
.、'. '~=.ハ
ピ
つレーpo o c， o 0 。l' 0
n p
c， 0
(.'。
o 0 円 A
J4- 可与，ハ'".ー収 、ぞみ
~1":~]~J~1.1:ザド なよìJ:rf!.J:'::l]~..... :叩
Fig.2-b An Example of the Rocking
Curve of a C-Irradiated Si Wafer， Fig.2-a Rocking Curve of the
Standard Si Wafer without Ion-
Refユectionin Bragg case. by 333 Irradiation， the FII'HM being about
2.6"， by 333 Refle七ionin Bragg-
case with the 333 monochroma七or
i-eflection.
(+ ，-)
-ev-M
コ-JOG-パ一二い・?・川相自主吾首
FThn
一
，.
9
1
，d
》
-R-up--us〕)けEEUh--R4弓lv一、
-Jsh昌也
SS
一、，今、" '.~I
ーす一(+，十j
'..J •.
宅E
『句J
Z ち‘'ー唱Ra・ u
""
Profile with Very Wide Range Angular Scanning， Showing 2 Main Peaks
by Cu-K~1 Radiation and 2 Smaller Peaks ~y Kd2' Giving the Lattice
Constan of Well-Known Value. 333 Reflections were used.
-118-
Fig.3
JAER I-M 89-119
1 fi Effect of 120 MeV 0 Ion Irradiation on Electronic Properties of La CuO
Akihiro IWASE, Norio MASAKI, Tadao IWATA and Takeshi NIHIRA
* Department of Physics, JAERI, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University
Recently, there has been great interest in La CuO, because this
material is the parent compound of the doped high-temperature superconductors La„ (Sr/Ba) CuO, and exhibits both filamentary 2-x x superconductivity and antiferromagnetic transition. Concerning the
irradiation effect on the properties of La CuO , Yoshida and Atobe reported
that the superconducting transition was induced by neutron irradiation in
the insulating La CuO , and Groult et. al. reported that 2.9 GeV Kr ion
irradiation increased the transition temperature in La CuO which showed
2) the filamentary superconductivity.
1 c In this paper, we present the effect of 120 MeV 0 ion irradiation on
the electronic properties of La CuO . The samples used in the present experiment were carefully prepared by the following two different methods from aqueous solution of La- and Cu-nitrate in the appropriate ratio. Method (A); the solutions were dried with an infrared lamp heater and were washed with ethanol several times to remove completely all traces of water. The well-mixed materials were calcined at 400° C for 2 hours in air . Method (B) (precipitation method); by adding an aqueous solution of oxalic acid to the solutions, an intimate mixture of the corresponding oxalate was formed. The resulting precipitated mixture was filtered and then the precipitate was heated at 1000° C for 15 hours in air. Electrical resistance measurements by four probe method were performed using lmmxl.2mmx0.lmm La CuO ceramics which were prepared by sintering the pressed powder at 950° C for 15 hours. Hereafter, the sample prepared by method (A) is called sample (1) and those prepared by method (B) are called sample (2) and (3).
119-
]AERI-M 89-119
16 3.8 Effect of 120 MeV ~~O 10n 1rradiation on Electron工C
Properties of La~CuO 2~~~4
* Akihiro 1WASE， Norio MASAK1， Tadao 1WATA and Takeshi N1H1RA
* Department of Physics， JAER1， Faculty of Engineering，
1baraki University
Recently， there has been great interest in La~CuO^ because this 2~~~4
material is the parent compound of the doped high-temperature
superconductors Laぺ (Sr/8a)..CuO，and exhibits both filamentary L-X X
superconductivity and antェferromagnetictransition. Concerning the
irradiation effect on the properties of La2Cu0
4， Yoshida and Atobe reported
that the superconduct工ngtransition was induced by neutron irradiation in
1 ) the insulating La
2Cu0
4-'， and Groult et. al. reported that 2.9 GeV Kr ion
irradiation increased the transition temperature in La_CuO， which showed t'-~----- -----2---4
2 ) the filamentary superconduct ユ v~ty.
16 1n this paper， we pres@nt the effect of 120 MeV --0 ion irradiation on
the electronic properties of La~CuOA. The samp1es used in the present r-~4
experiment were carefu11y prepared by the following two different methods
from aqueous solution of La-and Cu-nitrate in the appropriate ratio.
Method (A); the solutions ¥vere dried with an infrared lamp heater and were
washed with ethano1 severa1 tユmes to remove complete1y a11 traces of water.
The well-mixed materials were calcined at 4000 C for 2 hours in air
Method (8) (precipitation method); by adding an aqueous solution of oxalic
acid to the solutions， an intimate mixture of the corresponding oxalate was
formed. The resulting precipitated mixture was fi1tered and then the
precipitate was heated at 10000 C for 15 hours in air.
Electrical resistance measurements by four probe method were performed
using 1mmx1.2mmxO.1mm La~CuOA ceramics which were prepared by sintering the 2---4
0 pressed powder at 950u C for 15 hours. Hereafter， the samp1e prepared by
method (A) is called sample (1) and those prepared by method (8) are ca11ed
samp1e (2) and (3).
-119一
J A E R I - M 89-119
Figures 1 and 2 show the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance for samples (1) and (3), respectively. The result for sample (2) is about the same as for sample (3). At high temperature, the resistance of every sample increases slowly with decreasing temperature and there is an anomaly around 250 K which is caused by an antiferromagnetic transition. At lower temperature, the resistance for sample (1) decreases steeply below •V40 K with decreasing temperature. On the other hand, for samples (2) and (3), though a small anomaly appears at 'MO K, the resistance increases with decreasing temperature even below %40 K. This difference at low temperature
will be due to the difference in the oxygen-defect concentration which depends on the method of sample preparation. Samples (1), (2) and (3) were
16 irradiated with 120 MeV 0 ions at 8 K, 77 K and room temperature, respectively. During the irradiations the change in the electrical resistance was measured as a function of ion fluence. As can be seen in Figs. 3 and 4, for samples (2) and (3) the resistance increment by irradiation tends to saturate at higher ion fluence. On the other hand, for sample (1) which was irradiated at 8 K the resistance increases exponentially with increasing the ion fluence.(See Figs. 5 and 6.)
After the irradiations the electrical resistance were measured as a function of temperature from 4.2 K to 300 K. The results are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 for sample (1) and (3), respectively. The result for sample (2) is about the same as for sample (3). The effect of 0 ion irradiation on the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance is as follows; the anomaly around 250 K, which is due to the antiferromagnetic transition, disappears after the irradiation, and the small anomaly at "MO K also disappears in samples (2) and (3) after irradiation. Irradiation induced
1-2) superconducting transition, which has been reported previously , was not observed in the present experiment.
References 1) K. Yoshida and K. Atobe, Physica C 153-155 (1988) 337. 2) D. Groult, J. Provost, B. Raveau, F. Studer, S. Bouffard, J. C. Jousset, S. J. Lewandowski, M. Toulemonde and F. Rullier-Albenque, Europhys.
Lett., 6 (1988) 151. 3) For example, D. C. Johnston, J. P. Stokes, D. P. Goshorn, and J. T. Lewandowski, Phys. Rev. B, 3_6 (1987) 4007.
-120-
jAERI-M 89・119
Figuresユ ano 2 show the temperature depenoence of the electrical
res孟stance tor samples (1) and (3)， respectively. The result for sample (2)
is about the same as for sample (3). At high temperature， the resistance of
every sample increases sユowlywith decreasing temperature and there is an
anornaly around 250 K which is caused by an antiferromagnetic transition. At
lower temperature， the resistance for sarnple (1) decreases steeply below
~40 K with decreasing ternperature. On the other hano， for samples (2) ano
(3)， though a sma11 anornaly appears at ~40 K， the resュstance increases with
decreasing ternperature even below '¥.40 K. This difference at 10w temperature
3 ) will be due to the difference in the oxygen-defect concentration-' which
depends on the method of sample preparation. Sarnp1es (1)， (2) ana (3) were
16 irraaiated with 120 MeV --0ユons at 8 K， 77 K and room temperature，
respectユve1y. During the irradiations the change in the electricaユ
resistance was measured as a function of ion fluence. As can be seenユn
Fユgs. 3 and 4， for samples (2) and (3) the resistance increment by
irradiation tends to saturate at higher ion fluence. On the other hand， for
saπm1e (ユ) whユchwasユrradュateaat 8 K the resistance increases
exponentユallywithユncreasingtheユon fluence.(See Figs. 5 and 6.)
hfter theュrradiatユons the electrica1 resistance were measured as a
function of temperature from 4.2 K to 300 K. The resu1ts are shown in Figs.
ユ and2 for sample (1) and (3)， respectユve1y. The resuユt for sample (2) is
about the same as for samp1e (3). The effect of 0 ion irrad斗ationon the
ternperature dependence of the electrユca1 resistance is as fo1lows; the
anomaユy around 250 K， which is due to the antiferromagnetic transition，
disappears after the irradュation，and the sma11 anomaly at '¥.40 K a1so
disappears in samp1es (2) and (3) after irraaiation. Irradュationinauced
1-2) superconducting transition， which has been reported previously- ， was not
observedュn the present experiment.
References
ユ) H. Yoshida and K. Atobe， Physica C 153-155 (1988) 337.
2) D. Groult， J. Provost， B. Raveau， F. Studer， S. Bouffard， J. C. Jousset，
S. J. Lewandowski， M. Tou1emonde and F. Ru11ier-A1benque， Europhys.
Lett.， 6 (1988) ユ51.
3) For example， D. C. Johnston， J. P. Stokes， D. P. Goshorn， and J. T.
Lewandowski， Phys. Rev. B， 1旦 (1987) 4007.
-120-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
LCHLUOJ
A BEFORE IRRADIATION B AFTER IRRADIATION AT BK
100 200
TEMPERATURE (K)
300
LO;CuGj A BEFORE IRRADIATION
IRRADIATION IEMI'LRAHJRE
0 100 ?00
TEMPERATURE (K)
30U
Fig. 1 Electrical resistance R vs. temperature for sample (1) before and after 120 MeV O ion irradiation.
Fig. 2 Electrical resistance K vs. temperature for sample (3) before and after 120 MeV O ion irradiation.
] r r o c ! i a l e d ol 7?K
F l U E N C E I I C ' V c m :
Fig. 3 Change in electrical resistance AR as a function of O ion fluence for La CuO irradiated at 77 K (sample (2)).
. " 0 — Lo,Cu0,
oi R r
Y. > i > i i
Fig. 4 Change in electrical resistance AR as a function of O ion fluence for La,CuO, irradiated at room temDerature 2 4 (sample (3)).
flUENCE llO'Vcm'l
-121-
JAER[-M 89-119
A BEFOflE IflflADIATlor;
D AFTEP. IfmADIATION AT n∞M lEMI'[IU，IUli[ ー
Lo2C些土(亡{」コ』』口一
一広一目。一
ト、一一一一一-一一一一一100 <'00 3uu
TEMPERATURE 11<1
O 300
民，(11O. 一一一己=心」口
一位一
mo-
A 8EFOflE IflRADIATION
8 AFTER IflRADIATION AT 8K
100 200
TEMPERATURE 11<1
D
Electrical rE'sista!lcC' ;:: VS_
Change ~n electr~cal resistance dR
as a function of 0 ion fluence for
La_CuO. irradiated at 77 K (sample (2)). 2 ---4
temperature for sample (3)
before and afterユ:>0MeV
o ion irraoょation.
Fig. 2 Elec~~ical rとsist.ance R vs.
temperature for sample (1)
befo~e and a:terユ20MeV
F ig. 1
-jIン:レ/
o ion irradiation.
fLUE'~CE 11C!~/ (rr.~)
Change in electrlcal resistance dR
as a function of 0 ion fluence for
La~CuO. irradiated at room temperature 2---4
(sample (3)).
-121一
-
C
内
u
-u
c
T
C
d
E
C
O
T
，
L
R
戸
一MJ
F
o
，
‘
，
J
f
JZ
AY
j {
f
i!ltlili--fflit-Lοdu
出
回
国
F
巳
-gd
Fig. 4
4
II014/cm1j FLUENCE
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
— Lc ?CuC« : i rooolec i c! 6K
0-o <; 5
Fig. 5 Chance in electrical resistance AR as a function of 0 ion fluence for La^CuO irradiated at 8 K (sample (1)).
10'
, 5 0 — Lo,Cu04
irroriioied o! 8K
0 I 2 a 5 6 7
FLUENCE 1 0 ' V c m 2
Fig. 6 Same as FIG. 5 except tha t AR i s p lo t ted on a log sca le .
122-
]AER I-M 89・119
/
/ /
lJrfkf / /f
1(，、 I 供向
u -- ~C'? I.. U:": l，
: 110 C I口led c! éf~
e、、
一巳一己〈
Change in electrユca1 resュstancesR as a functユonof 0 ion fluence Fig. 5
:or L己勺Cu04
irradiated at 8 K (sarnp1e (1)).
160 ーー ~02CUO~:rr口口 10iきd ct 8 K
-FJV
/' 四ぺプ
，./"
/" ，.../"'
/ /
/ 〆f J 1
7
f-戸
b・
2
-
m
-
p
e
v
-，J
'ー--RJM
洲、円
υー
Sarne as F工G. 5 except that sR is plotted on a 10g sca1e.
-122-
Fig. 6
JAERI-M 89-119
3.9 EFFECTS OF He ION IRRADIATION ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 FILMS
Takeo ARUGA, Saburo TAKAMURA', ' i 'aiji HOSHIYA" and Mamoru KOBIYAMA"
Department of Fuels and Mate r i a l s Research, 'Department of Phys ic s , Oarai Research Es t ab l i shmen t , JAERI, " F a c u l t y of Engineering, Iba rak i Un ive r s i t y
Since t h e d iscovery of high t empera tu re s u p e r c o n d u c t i v i t y in a La-Ba-Cu-0 s y s t e m 1 ' , many s tud i e s of r a d i a t i o n e f fec t s on superconduc t ing p r o p e r t i e s of t h e La-Ba-Cu-0 and Y-Ba-Cu-0 systems have been made. However, t h e r e have been few experiments s tudy ing t h e r a d i a t i o n e f f e c t s on a Bi-Si—Ca-Cu-0 sys tem. Matsui e t a l . 2 ) observed a decrease in t r a n s i t i o n t empera tu re Tc(R=0) and an increase in normal s t a t e r e s i s t i v i t y in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 f i lms implanted wi th 200 keV Ne ions a t room t e m p e r a t u r e . In t h i s r e p o r t , we descr ibe t h e e f fec t s of helium ion i r r a d i a t i o n on the e l e c t r i c a l superconduct ing behaviors in" Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 f i lms a t room tempera ture and low t e m p e r a t u r e 3 / .
Thin f i lms of a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 system were prepared by magnetron s p u t t e r i n g on MgO s u b s t r a t e s . The f i lms were subsequen t ly heated a t 1163 K. The th i ckness of the f i lms were about 0.2 /m. E l e c t r i c a l r e s i s t i v i t y measurements were performed by the s t andard four-probe method. The samples were i r r a d i a t e d wi th liOO keV He ions acce le ra ted by a Van de Graaf in JAERI in a vacuum chamber a t a low c u r r e n t d e n s i t y of 1 mA rtr. The sample holder was cooled by l i q u i d n i t rogen . The t e m p e r a t u r e s of t h e sample during i r r a d i a t i o n were e i t h e r room t e m p e r a t u r e or 85 K. Res i s t ance- tempera tu re (R-T) measurements down to It.2 K were c a r r i e d ou t in a helium atmosphere a f t e r removing the sample from the ho lde r . Since the ion range of ItOO keV He ions in t h e sample was p red i c t ed to be 1.1 (Jm, which i s f ive t imes l a r g e r than t h e f i lm t h i c k n e s s , no He atoms remained in t h e sample.
The R-T c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a re shown in F ig . 1 for the sample which was s e q u e n t i a l l y i r r a d i a t e d by He ion f luences from 0 (no i r r a d i a t i o n ) t o 1 .9x10''' rrr, as a maximum, a t room t empera tu re . The Tc(onse t ) , defined here as an i n t e r s e c t i o n p o i n t of the two s t r a i g h t l i n e s around the
- 1 2 3 -
].-¥.ERJ-M 89-)19
fit-‘i
EFFECTS OF He 10N 1RRAD1AT10N ON SUPERCONDUCT1V1TY 3.9
OF Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O F1LMS
Takeo ARUGA， Saburo TAKAMURA'， 'l'aiji HOSH1H.
and Mamoru KOBIYAMA
Department of Fuels and Materials Research， 'Department
of Physics， 'Oarai Research Establishrnent， JAERI，
Faculty of Engineering， 1baraki Universi七y
the d1scovery of
systern1) many
superconducting proper七iesof the La-Ba-Cu-O and Y-Ba-Cu-O sys七emshave
been made. However，七here have been fe.. experiments studying
radiation effects on a B1-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Matsui e七 al.2)observed
a decrease in七rans1tiontempera七ureTc(R=O) and an 1ncrease 1n normal
state res1s七iv1ty1n Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O fi1ms imp1anted ..1七h200 keV Ne 10ns
at roorn七ernperature. 1n this report， ..e descr1be the effects of he1ium
ion irradia七10n on 七he electr1cal superconducting behaviors
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O fi1rns at room temperature and 10w tempera七ure3)
Th1n filrns of a B1-Sr-Ca-Cu-O sys七ern were prepared by magne七ron
The filrns were subsequently heated at
0.2 11m. Electrical
resisti vi ty measurements were perforrned by the standard four-probe
method. The samp1es were 1rradiated ..1七h 400 keV He 10ns 旦ccelerated
by a Van de Graaf 口 JAER11n a vacuum chamber a七a10w current denslty
of 1 mA m-. The samp1e ho1der was coo1ed by 11quid n1 trogen・ The
temperatures of 七he sample during irradia七10n were el七her
temperature or 85 K. Resistance-temperature (R-T)
to 4.2 K were carried out in a he1lum a七mosphere after removlng the
samp1e from the ho1der. S1nce七he10n range of 400 keV He 10ns 1n the
sample was pred1cted to be 1.1 μm， which 1s f1ve七imeslarger七han七he
f11m七hlckness，no He atoms rema1ned 1n七hesamp1e.
The R-T charac七erlst1csare shown 1n F1g. 1 for the sample which
was sequen七la11yirrad1a七edby He 10n f1uences from 0 (no ir・rad1a七10n)
to 1.9xl01'i m~ ， as a maxlmum， a七room七emperature. The Tc(onse七)， deflned
1ntersectlon po1nt of the 七wo straight 1i nes around
S1nce a
on
superconductivity 1n
radiat10n effec七s
the
1n
high temperature
s七udies of La-Ba-Cu-O
sputtering on MgO substrates.
1ユ63 K. The thlckness
room
measurements down
七he
about were films
-123一
the of
an here as
JAERI-M 89-119
transition region, changed little from a fluence of 0 to l.lxlO1' nr. The Tc(R=0), Tc(midpoint) and Tc(onset) are plotted in Fig. 2 as a function of the fluence, along with the resistivity at 130 K in the normal state resistance region. As shown in the figure, both the Tc(R=0) and the resistivity change, apart from the linear change, with increasing the fluence. The fact indicates that the radiation-induced defects, which would be accumulated by the sequential irradiations, begin to interfere with each other so as to accelerate the deterioration of the superconductivity for the fluences in the present study. The deviations from the linear change of Tc(R=0) or resistivity were reported for Y-Ba-Cu-0 films irradiated at room temperature with various kinds of ions^).
Another sample was sequentially irradiated at 85 K with He ions and the R-T characteristics is shown in Fig. 3- The resistivities at 130 K are shown in Fig. 2 as a function of the fluence. The irradiation up to 2xl0,f' nr induces a 70 % increase in the electrical resistance at 130 K, and the resistances no longer increase with raising temperatures to 300 K. We observe that heating to 160 K when measuring resistances induces fractional reduction of the resistances, as shown by the differences between the solid curve (3) and dashed curve (h), below 160 K, in Fig. 3. Further annealing to 300 K during measurement of curve (it) results in about 50 % reduction of the increased resistance at 130 K, as shown by the differences between curves ik) and (5)- Moreover, the Tc(R=0) is found to be depressed to 73 K, which is comparable to that observed after the irradiation at the higher dose of l.lxlO11' nr at room temperature ( Fig. 1). After prolonged irradiation from 2 to 9 (xlO"' nr) and subsequent heating to 320 K, the reduction of resistance is observed, as shown in the two R-T curves of (6) and (7) in the figure. The fractional reduction of the resistance at 130 K is 35 % of the resistance increase, which is increased by the prolonged irradiation; it is noted that the fraction is smaller than that observed at the first annealing to 300 K after the irradiation to 2xl0u' nr. Furthermore, the superconducting behavior disappears down to k-2 K after irradiation to 9xl018 nr at 85 K and subsequent annealing to 320 K. This fluence is less than a half of the maximum fluence at room temperature irradiation, where Tc(R=0) remains at 15 K. The lower temperature irradiation has already been shown to require less ion fluence to destroy
-124-
]AERI-1¥1 89・119
trans1七10n reg1on， changed little from a fluence of 0 七o 1 .1X!OI!1 m二.
The Tc(R=O)， Tc(mldpo1nt) and Tc(onse七) are plo七七ed 1n F1g. 2 as a
funct10n of the fluence， along w1 th the res1s七1v1 ty a t 130 K in the
normal s七ateres1sもancereg10n・ Asshown 1n the figure， both the Tc(R=O)
and the res1st1vlty change， apart from the 11near change， w1th 1ncreas1ng the fluence. The fact indlcates七ha七 therad1ation-1nduced
defects， whlch would be accumula七ed by 七he sequent1al 1r・rad1at10ns，
beg1n七o1nterfere w1th each other so as七oaccelera七ethe deter10ra七10n
of 七he superconduct1v1ty for the fluences 1n the present study. The
dev1at1ons from the linear change of Tc(R=O) or res1st1v1ty were reported
for Y-Ba-Cu-O f11ms 1rrad1ated at room tempera七urew1七hvarious k1nds
of 1ons4).
Another sample was sequentially 1r・radia七edat 85 K w1七h He 10ns
and七heR-T characteris七1cs is shown 1n F1g ・ 3. The res1s七ivi七les a七
130 K are shown in Fig. 2 as a func七ionof七hefluence. The ir・rad1ation
up 七o2xl01日m- induces a 70 % 1ncrease 1n the electrical r巴sistance a七
130 K， and the resistances no longer 1ncrease w1th ra1sing七empera七ures
to 300 K. We observe tha七 heating七o160 K when measur1ng res1stances
induces fractional reduct10n of the resistances， as shown by 七he
differences between the sol1d curve (3) and dashed curve (4)， below 160
K， in Fig・ 3. Further annealing to 300 K dur1ng measurement of curve
(4) results 1n about 50 % reduct10n of the 1ncreased resistance a七 130
K， as shown by 七hed1fferences be七ween curves (4) and (5). Moreover，
七heTc(R=O) 1s found to be depressed to 73 K， wh1ch 1s comparable七othat lリobserved af七er七he1rrad1at1on a七七heh1gher dose of 1. lxl0'" m-at room
七emperature F1g・ 1). After prolonged 1r・rad1a七ion from 2 to 9
(xl0'" m-) and subsequen七 hea七1ngto 320 K， the reduct10n of res1stance
1s observed， as shown 1n the七woR-T curves of (6) and (7) in the f1gure.
The fract10nal reduct10n of the res1s七ance at 130 K 1s 35 % of 七he
res1stance 1ncrease， wh1ch 1s 1ncreased by the prolonged 1rrad1at10n;
1 t 1s noted七hatthe fract10n 1s smaller than tha七 observeda七 thef1rs七
annea11ng to 300 K after the 1rradia七10n七o2xl01<¥ m2. Furthermore， the
superconduc七1ngbehav10r d1sappears down to 4.2 K after 1rrad1at1on to
9X!OI8 me at 85 K and subsequen七 anneal1ngto 320 K. Th1s fluence 1s less
than a half of the max1mum f1uence a七 room tempera七ure 1rrad1a七1on，
where Tc(R=O) rema1ns at 15 K.
一124一
JAER I-M 89-1 19
superconductivity than that at room temperature'4', which is also exhibited in the present study.
Irradiation-induced changes in Tc(R=0) and resistivity above transition are considered to depend on the displacement damage. The present I4OO keV He ion irradiation to lxlO1'1 m~ is calculated to correspond to 0.003 dpa of displacement damage, using an extended E-DEP-1 computer code'), assuming the displacement threshold energy of 25 eV. The fluence at the room temperature irradiation induces the reduction of 30 K for Tc (R=0) and 13 K for Tc(midpoint) (Fig. 1, 2). Then, the decrease rate of Tc, if expressed as an average displacement damage necessary to reduce 1 K of the Tc, is calculated to be 1x10 4dpa for Tc(R=0) and 2.3x10 'dpa for Tc(midpoint). Hereafter, the rate is depicted as IK 1x10 'dpa. This value agrees vith IK 2xl0~*dpa obtained based on the reported result^) of a 22 K decrease in Tc(R=0) for a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 film implanted uniformly by 200 keV Ne ions to 9x10'" nr. However, if compared with the Tc decrease rates in irradiated Y-Ba-Cu-0 systems, the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 system is more sensitive to radiation damages, e.g. less nuclear energy depositions induce Tc decrease of 1 K; for example, in a Y-Ba-Cu-0 system, IK 6 8 xlO 'dpa by Ar or Ne ion irradiations at room temperature'1'. As for a displacement damage necessary to destroy the superconductivity below i|.2 K, the present fluence for the 85 K irradiation corresponds to 2.5xl0_> dpa, which is smaller by about one order than 4.4x10 : dpa calculated for the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 film 2' cited above, or 3.5x10" dpa for a Y-Ba-Cu-0 film irradiated with Ne ions at room temperature'4'.
References 1) J . G. Bednorz and K. A. Miiller: Z. Phys. B61| (1986) 189-2) S. Matsui , H. Ma t su t e ra , T. Yoshi take, and T. Satoh: Appl.
Phys. L e t t . 53 (1988) 2096. 3) T. Aruga, S. Takamura, T. Hoshlya and M. Kobiyama, Jpn . J .
Appl. Phys . 28 (1989), in p re s s . It) A. E. White, K. T. Sho r t , D. C. Jacobson, J . M. Poate ,
R. C. Dynes, P. M. Mankiewich, W. J . Skocpol, R. E. Howard, M. Anzlowar, K. W. Baldwin, A. F. J . Levi , J . R. Kwo, T. Hsieh, and M. Hong: Phys. Rev. B37 (1988) 3755.
5) T. Aruga, K. Nakata and S. Takamura: Nucl. Ins t rum. & Methods
- 1 2 5 -
]AERI-ivf 89-119
superconducti vi ty than that at room tempera七ure4)，which is also
exhibited in the presen七 s七udy.
Irradiat10n-induced changes 1n Tc(R=O) and resistivity above
tr且nsition are cons1dered to depend on 七he displacement damage. The
present 400 keV He ion 1rradiation to lxl01'i m-is calculated to cOl'l'espond
to 0.003 dpa of displacement damage， using an extended E-DEP-1 computer code5)， assuming the displacement threshold energy of 25 eV. The fluence
a七 theroom tempera七ure 1rradia七10n induces the reduction of 30 K for
Tc (R=O)旦nd13 K for Tc(midp01n七) (F1g. 1， 2). Then， the decrease rate
of Tc， 1f expressed as an average d1sp1acemen七 damagenecessary to reduce
1 K of the Tc， is calculated 七o be lx10 'dpa for Tc(R=O) and 2.3x10 Idpa
for Tc(midpoint). Hereafter， the rate is depicted as lK lx10 Idpa. This
va1ue agrees with 1K 2x10-+dpa obtained based on the reported resul七2)
of a 22 K decrease in Tc(R=O) for a B1-Sr-Ca-C，;-O film imp1anted
uniform1y by 200 keV Ne ions 七o9x1011、m-. However， if compared wi th
the Tc decrease rates in irradiated Y-Ba-Cu-O systems， the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O
system 1s more sensi七ive七oradiation damages， e ・g. 1ess nuc1ear energy
deposi七ions induce Tc decrease of ユ K; for example， in a Y-Ba-Cu-O
system， lK 6 8 xl0 Idpa by Ar 01' Ne ion irr呂diations at room
temperature4). As for a disp1acemen七 damage necessary 七o des七roy the
superconduc七iv1七y below 4.2 K，七he present fluence for 七he 85 K
il'radiation corresponds 七o2.5xl0-'¥ dpa， which 1s sma11er by abou七 one
order than 4.4xl0二 dpa ca1cu1ated for七he Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O fi1m 2) c1七ed
above， or 3.5x10--dpa for a Y-Ba-Cu-O f11m 1rrad1ated with Ne 10ns at
room七emperature4) .
References
1) J. G. Bednorz and K. A. M泊11er: Z. Phys. B64 (1986) 189.
2) S. Matsui， H. Ma七sutera，T. Yosh1七ake，and T. Sa七oh: Appl.
Phys. Lett. 53 (1988) 2096.
3) T. Aruga， S. Takamura， T. Hosh1ya and M. Kobiyama， Jpn・J.
Appl. Phys. 28 (1989)， 1n press.
4) A. E. Wh1七e，K. T. Short， D. C. Jacobson， J. M. Poa七e，
R. C. Dynes， P. M. Mank1ew1ch， W. J. Skocpo1， R. E. Howard，
M. Anz1owar， K. W. Baldw1n， A. F. J. Levi， J. R. Kwo，
T. Hs1eh， and M. Hong: Phys. Rev. B37 (1988) 3755.
う)T. Aruga， K. Naka七aand S. Takamura: Nuc1. Instrum. & Methods
-125一
B33 (1988) 748.
JAERI-M 89-119
Fig. 1 Resistance versus temperature of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 film irradiated with 400 KeV He ions at room temperature. Irradiation fluences are 0 (no irradiation), 2, 5, 7, 11 and 19 (10|::, m 2).
100 200 TEMPERATURE !K1
Fig . 3 Resis tance versus t empera tu re of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 f i lm i r r a d i a t e d wi th 400 KeV He ions a t 85 K. I r r a d i a t i o n f luences in 10 i r i rrr a re 0 (no
1
- -o- — — -o--~"a- — —
^ ~~-9, *. \ (Mid point 1 /
' S l T c U - 01
/ X / V / — -A
/A' s A
/A' \ •u -i> s
, 1
5 10 15 20
Ht ION FLUENCE I l o " / m ! !
Fig. 2 Tc(onset), Tc(midpoint) and Tc(R=0), and resistiviies at 130 K versus He ion fluences for Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 film irradiated with 400 keV He ions at room temperature. Solid triangles represent 85 K irradiation.
irradiation) for curve (1), 1.2 for (2), 2 for (3) and 9 for (6). Dashed curve (4) is obtained after the measurement of (3) up to 160 K. Curve (5) Is obtained after annealing to 300 K in the measurement of (4) up to 300 K. Curve (7) Is obtained after the measurement of (6) up to 320 K. Each measurement is taken during heating.
-126-
]AERI-M 89-119
B33 (1988) 748.
/ィ:二tB; m~
回
-g-
凶
utdqLP同一同一凶口
111101・
-----
o o
Fig ・ 1 Resistance versus
temperature of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O
fi1m irradiated with 400 KeV
He ions at room tempera七ure目
Irradiation fluences are 0
(no i~radiation) ， 2， 5. 7， 11
andユ9(lQl::.m").
政珂ト 7 ーι一--ー
ー
一‘ー・ー‘--一、ー・ー←ーー--凶 iリ
~ 2∞トノト
∞ 日凶 i血 I ，
I ， ， ， 100ト t，
t t J
ノ23二二三〉
/グ主回
Flg. 3 Reslstance verSU5
temperature of Bl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O
f11m lrrad1a七ed，.1七h400 KeV
He 10n5 a七 85K. Irradia t10n
f1uence5 in 10¥r， mユ are 0 (no
一号 一唱 。ーーしの九IOnsrll
-.......---4.._唯一 -IC回ト 、、、 斗自 ー
?干、、~(Mid 同nll 11- .!i 一¥、/ Iも
←一一~lctR・ 01 、ズ | ご
/¥J. 活
/ 、、 1 ~ /一一一 l ド
イ/.2'¥|;，，' j/¥l ヒ
.//'¥-12 =: ~//\~
レペン〆 ¥ | ログ:....>--'¥l
J o
J 回
o 20
Fig ・ 2
Tc(midpoint) and
and resistiviies
Tc(onset) ，
Tc(R=O) ，
a七 130 K
ver5us He ion fluences for
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O fi1m
irradia七ed wi th 400 keV He
10ns a七 room 七emperature.
Solid triang1es represen七 85
K irradia七ion.
irradia七10n) for curve (1)，
1.2 for (2)， 2 for (3) and 9
for (6). Da5hed curve (4) i5
ob七ained af七er the
measuremen七 of(3) up七o160
K. Curve (5) 15 obtained
af七er anneal1ng to 300 K in
the mea5urement of (4) up to
300 K. Curve (7) 15 ob七alned
after七hemea5urement of (6)
up 七o 320 K. Each
mea5uremen七 15 七aken dur1ng
hea七1ng.
-126-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 19
[V NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
— 127 ~ C128J —
J A E R 1 -:-'1 89-1 19
IV l¥iUCLEAR CHEM J STI<Y
-127-(128)
J A E R I - M 89-119
4.1 COMPLEX FRAGMENT EMISSION IN THE REACTION 3 7C1 + 6 8 Zn
Yuichiro NAGAME, Hiroshi IKEZOE'. Tsutomu OHTSUKJ". Sumiko BABA, Kentaro HA.TA, Toshiaki SERINE and Kazumi IDENO"
Department of Radioisotopes, "Department of Physics, JAHR1, "Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University
Statistical emissions of complex fragments produced in the reaction 3 ' CI -t- '""'Zn have been studied. In this report, we present the experimental results on the measurement of kinetic energy, angular and charge distributions of complex fragments. The experimental cross sections for the complex fragment formation are compared with those calculated from a statistical model which takes into account the potential energy associated with mass asymmetry and angular momentum l ) The width of the charge (mass) distribution for the symmetric mass division is discussed as a function of angular momentum L
Beams of 3 , C1 with energies of 156, 166 and 177 MeV obtained from the JAERI tandem accelerator were used to bombard a self-supporting target, of 6 o Zn (755 //.g/cnr). The reaction products were measured with a AE-E counter telescope.
Complex fragments with 5 < Z < 29 have been detected. The characteristics of the fragments corresponding to the l / s i n # c m angular distribution were consistent with those uf the fully equilibrated compound nucleus. For the above component, angle-integrated cross sections were obtained from the averaged value of da/d8rm.
Figure 1 shows the integrated cross section of each fragment Z for the three values of bombarding energy. No signifficant bombarding energy dependence of the charge distribution was observed. The results of the statistical model calculation 1 | 2^ are also shown in Fig.l in comparison with the experimental data. The substantial agreement between experiment and calculation is obtained. This suggests that the fragment, production results from the statistical binary decay of the compound nucleus.
Assuming that the symmetric mass distribution is represented by a Gaussian function, we have obtained a variance aA of the fragment mass distribution. In Fig.2, the variance c"A are plotted as a function of \J < P > together with the data obtained from refs. 3-7), where < (2 > is the average angular momentum for fusion. As shown in Fig.2, th observed a2
A strongly depends on V< (? >• If the mass distribution is determined substantially by the static potential energy surface ", the width of the corresponding mass distribution is expected to become narrow as the angular momentum increases. The broad widths at large angulcr momentum are inconsistent with this consideration. Meanwhile, it has been predicted by Faber 8 ) that the stiffness of the potential energy associated with the mass asymmetry degree of freedom at the saddle-point is expected
- 1 2 9 -
jAERI-M 89-119
4.1 COMPLEX FRAGMENT ElI.fISSION IN THE REACTlO?¥
37CI + 68Zn
Yuichiro ?¥AGAME‘Hiroshi lI¥:EZOEへTsutO!ll1lOHTSr 1¥1一'Sumiko BAB入、l¥entaroIL'ITA、ToshiakiSEl¥I;-.JE and
I¥:aZUllU IDENO同
Department of Radioisotop恒久 *Dep孔rt.ll1ent.of Physics， JAERI，
""DeD孔rt.ment.of Chenustry， Tokyo )''letro¥Jo!itan Uni¥'cr長lty
Statist.ical emissions of complex fragments produced in t.he rcaction 37Cl + ')'Zn h乱、e
b巳巴nstudied. In this report， we presellt. the experim巴lltalresults on th巴 111巴日日l[Clllt、1¥1，.，[
killelic energy町 angular日ndcharge distributions of cumplex fJλg ll1ent~. The t'xperiJJlCnt.al
cro対 sectiollsfor the complex fragmellt. format.ion are comp凡打、1with tho吋 f司1culated
from a statistical modcl which takes illtO account thc potential巴nergyassociateJ wi th
rnass asymmetry and angular mOll1elltum 1) The wirlt.h oft.he charge (ll1ass)ιlistribution
ιr theり'mmetricmass division is discussed as a function of ilnguJar momentulll f.
Beallls of 37Cl with en巴rgiesof 1.56， 166 alld lii ~1eV obt.ained froll1 t.he JAEIU
tanJem 九cceleratorwere 凶巴引抗吋仁d1.0 bコO叩ll1川nbarc吋da s日叫E叶lf引
τ1](ο、rc日Ctlοnpコroducbわ W引。]口meρasur号dwith a ムE-Ecounte引?汀rte什lescopコ巴
("¥tリ，バ川I日川1日lplexfra 呂引I口111刊e日t“点 wirh .::; 三Z 三29 hav 巴 been 仁d巴tect旬巴紅吋d.Th 巴 cha剖ractenst.lcs予of th 巴
fra時明巳引I町 nb仁or附 pド刊0ωndi時 to th巳 11 sin eJcm allgular distribution 問 reconsistent with those
"f the fully equilibrated cOll1pound nucleus. For the above compollent. angle-integrated
r]く出日ctio川 we代 obtained [rom t he averaged value of dσjdBcm
Figurc 1 show~ the integrated cross sect.ion of each fragment Z [or the three va1ues of
I，ombarding energy. No signifficant bombarclillg energy dependence of the charge distri-|パJlion¥¥'ι目。bserwd.The results of the statistical model calculation ]，2) are also shown
in Fig.1 in co口lpii.risonwith the experimental data. The substantiaJ agreement between
experiment and calculation is obtained. This suggests that the fragment. producti臼n
results from the staiisticaJ binary decay of the compound nucleus.
Assuming that the symmetric ma.ss distribution is represented by a Gaussian func-
tion. we have obtain杷da varianceσA of the fragment mass distribution. In Fig目2，the
vananceσ~ are plottedぉ a[unction of ¥だe2>tog叫 erwith the data obtained from
ref5. 3-i)， where < e2 > is the average angular momentum for fusion. As shown in Fig.2， th observed a~ strongty depends on v<e.'f玄.If the ma.ss distribution is determined
substantially by the static potential energy surface 1)， th巴 widthof the corresponding
mass distribution is expected to become narrow a.s th
129一
JAERI-M 89-119
to decrease with increasing angular momentum. The mass distribution, therefore, would become wider with the increase of angular momentum. Although the effect of angular momentum has not yet been fully accounted for in a quantitative manner, the trend of the mass distribution observed in the systems around --1 ~ 100 can be qualitatively explained by the Faber's model 8 ) .
(kl E u t - 166 MeV
10°
10 0 4
' I U
Z«/2
(cl Uoh- 156 MeV
12 16 20 24 28 32 ° " Z
Fig. 1. Integrated cross sections over the flat region in the angular distribution: £";„(, = (a) 177 MeV, (b) 166 MeV and (c) 156 MeV. The atomic numbers of projectile and compound nucleus arc indicated with Zp and ZCN, respectively. The solid lines are the results of the statistical model calculation.
- 1 3 0 -
]AERI-M 89-119
to decrease with increasing angular momentul11. The l1Iass distribution. Ihereforc. 1V01llcl
become wider with the increase of angular 11l0mentUl1l. Alt.hough the effect of angllliu
momentum has not yet bcen fully accounted for in a qllantitative rnanner. the trend
of the mass distribution observcd in the systems arollnd A rv 100 Ciln be qualitati、ρ1)explained by the Faber・smodel 8).
♂f l i i l j 10 t Ibl E，... 166 M.V ' 1 (01 (... • 177 w，'!V 巴唱 (bl EI.~. 1 日 MeV j E (c) EIgþ • 156 MeV
ー4
Z， Zt./2 ~ Zp Zo./2 ~ Z. ZoI?
V o--4- a 12 16 20 24 28 0 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 .-0 12 16 20 24 a
z z
Fig.l. Integrated cross sections over the flat region in the anguhr distriblltion: E1ab = (a) lii l'vleV， (b) 166 MeV and (c) 156 MeV目 Theatomic nllmbers of projectile and
compound nuclells arc indicated with Zp and ZCN， respectively. Thc solid lines are the results of the statistical model calculation.
-130-
J A E R I - M 89-119
~i i r~
400
300
200
100
30
x '2C **Mo
• S t G€ • " W l * ,
A ' W A I O^CI^N , • Presenr work
40 50 60 Ml')
Fig.2. \";niamc a\ of the symmetric mass distribution as a function of v< P >. The internal excitation energy of the fissioning system is normalized to an excitation energy corri'spiiiiding to T = 1.6 MeY.
References 1) L.G. Moretto, Nucl. Phys. A 247 (1975) 211. 2) VV.J. Swiatecki. Aust. J. Phys. 36 (1983) 641. 3) J. Bisplinghoff et al. Phys. Rev. C i i (1978) 177. 4) G. Guillaume et al. Phys. Rev. C 26 (1982) 2458. 5) J.B. Natowiu et al. Phys. Rev. C 13 (1976) 171. 6) Y. Nagarne et al. Z. Phys. A 3J7 (1984) 31. 7) B. Heusch et al. Z. Phys. A 312 (1983) 109 and 322 (1985) 309. 8) M.E. Faber. Phys. Rev. C 24 (1981) 1047.
131-
J A E R 1-/;[ 89 -119
400ト
300
向E コ
N b q 2∞ メロc."M。ロJZs/6Ge
.斗晦・"肋
A刷Krt"Mq
.& 'X，，"AI
100ト o "cl t"NI
• Prese川崎山
x
50 40 50 60
王子7
f'Ig.2.¥an i1J1<'C‘ιけft h('日Illlnetric11l出いlistribut.ionas a function of "，r<f.ぢ The
in¥<'rnal I'xci¥λ¥1り111'11('1旦yof t hc fissioningりs¥.emis normalized ¥.0 an excitation energ:>
イ川1""'1川 IIdin月tnT = l.ii .¥lp¥，.
¥{ρfprρ1)(円
1) L.G. .¥lorE'ttcλ メucl.Phys. A当1(197.5) 211.
2) ¥¥".1. Swia(.ecki. ..'l.ust.目 J.Phys.並(1983)641
:3川1ハ).J. Bis凶S叩p汁)lin
4) G. Gu山ullau川I口III児E巳引tal. Phys. Rev. C 2.豆 (1982) 2458 .
.5) J.B. Nat. owi t.~ et at. Phys. Rev. C li (1976) 171. G) Y. :.;九a特巴a訂叩1汀m問巳凶t乱al.Z. P円h)りys.A旦エ (υ19伺84叫)3目1.. i) B. He山 chel al. Z. Phys. A担♀ (1983)109 and旦2.(1985) 309
8) .¥I.E. ral月 r‘Phys.Rev. C 24 (1981) 1047.
-131ー
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
4.2 A FISSION BARRIER STUDY IN ACTINIDES
T. Ohtsuki, II. Nakahara, Y. Nagame*, K. P. Tsukada, N. Shinohara**, S. Baba*, K. Sueki, and H. Ikezoe**
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan, University, •Department of Radioisotopes,JAERI, **Department of Chemistry, JAERI, ***Department of Physics, JAERI
Although low energy nuclear fission has been investigated from the early days of the discovery of the phenomena, detail features of mass yield curves are necessary for the study of the mechanism. One of the most important information of the mass yiels is the fission barrier heights. The incident energy dependence of mass yields has been known to be different for symmetric mass division products and for asymmetric ones. This suggests the presence of two barrier heights corresponding to the two mass division modes1'.
[n the present work, we have studied the mass distributions of fragments from the fissions of 2 3 2Th, 2 3 3 U , 2 3 5 U , 2 3 8 U , 2 3 7Np, 2 3 9Pu, 242p U i 244pu_ 241^n]| a n (j 243^m induced by protons in the energy range 9-16 >leV for the purpose of investigating the dependence of symmetric and asymmetric fission modes on excitation energy. The peak-to-valley ratios were obtained as a function of proton energy, and also analyzed as a function of the fissioning nucleus. The variation of barrier heights for the symmetric and asymmetric fissions was deduced. The difference of the barrier heights between the two modes is compared with static potential barriers calculated by Moller and Nix 2).
The cross section for obtaining each fission product was evaluated from the observed T-ray intensities, and the correction was made, if necessary for the charge distribution by assuming a gaussian charge distribution with the most probable charge Z p of the unchanged charge distribution model. All the mass yield curves were asymmetric as expected. The results showed a strong dependence of fission yields on E D in the
-132-
jAER l-l¥j 89-119
4.2 A FISSION BARRlER STUDY IN ACTINIDFS
T. Ohtsuki， 11. Nakahara， Y. Nagame骨， K. P. Tsukada，
N. Shinohara骨骨， S. Baba‘， K. Sueki， and 11. Ikezoc骨骨勢
Departm巴ntof Chemistry， Faculty of Sci巴nce，
Tokyo Netropolitan， University，
養Departmentof Radioisotop巴s，JAERI，骨普Ilepartmentof
Chemistry， JAERI， 長骨骨D巴partmcntof Physics， JAERI
.-¥1 though low energy nuclear fission has been investigatcd from th巴
early days of the discovery of the phenomena， detail f巴aturesof mass Yield
curves are necessary for the study of the mechanism. One of ~h日 most
important information of th巴 massYiels is the fission barrier heights. 1'he
incid巴nt en巴rgyd巴pendenceof mass yields has been known to b巴 differcnt
for s刊nmetr:cmass division products and for :ls}1llIIletric ones. This suggests
the presence of two barricr hcights corresponding to th巴 two 1目立S5 division
modes 1) .
[n the pres巴nt work， we have studied the mass distributions of
fru!，'l1lents from the fiss ions of 2321'h， 233[;， 235U， 238lJ， 237;.;p， 239pu，
242pu， 244pu， 241伯n，and 243:¥m induced by protons in the energy range 9-16
、1巴V for the purpos巴 ofinvestigating the dep巴ndence of symmetric and
asymm巴tric fission modes on cxcitation energy. 1'he peak-to-valley ratios
were obtained as a function of proton energy， and also unalyzed as a
function of the fissioning nucleus. The variation of barri巴r heights for
the symrnetric and asymmetric fissions was deduced. The differenc巴 of the
barrier heights b巴tweenthe two modes is cornpared with static potential
barriers calculated by陥 llerand N ix2 ) .
1'he cross section for obtaining each fission product was evaluated
frorn the obs巴rvedo -ray intensities， and the correction was made， if
necessary for the charge distribution by assurning a gaussian charge
distribution with the most probable charge Zp of the unchanged charge
distribution model. All the mass yield curves were asymmetric as expected.
Th巴 results showed a strong dependence of fission yields on Ep in the
一132
JAER I-M 89-1 19
valley region ( increased probability of the near-symmetric fission with increasing of excitation energy ) in comparison with the peak region and the outer sides of the asymmetric peaks.
The yield ratios of typical asymmetric division products are independent on the incident proton energy and that is the same as the symmetric division products, while the yield ratios of asymmetric to symmetric division products are strongly dependent on energy. These observations suggest the existence of two distinctly different threshold energies, one related to the so-called symmetric fission and the other to the asymmetric fission.
For all nuclei studied it has been found that the peak-to-valley ratio decreases as the excitation energy of the compound nucleus is increased, and eventually the distribution becomes symmetric about Af/2. The P/V ratios as a function of the mass of the compound nucleus ( Af ) with a fixed excitation energy above the saddle point are shown in Fig. i, in which the outer barrier heights reported by Back et al.^) are used for the saddle point energy. Filled circles show the P/V ratios for the excitation energy of 9.5 MeV and filled triangles for 11.5 MeV. From the figure, it is found that yields of the symmetric mass division become more favored as the fissioning mass increases up to 245 or to the neutron number of the compound nucleus N=]50. It is interesting to note that the P/V ratios seem to vary smoothly from the actinide region to the distinctly triple-humped Ra region4' and even down to the Po region^'. This smooth variation of the P/V ratio as a function of Af indicates that some unknown causes of the asymmetric mass division, probably the shell effect at the saddle or at the scission or the dynamics from the saddle to scission, gradually become more effective as Af increases up to the actinide region.
A quantative analysis was carried out for the ratio of probabilities of the symmetric and to the asymmetric fission in terms of a statistical model according to which the ratio fa/ |~s=P/V can be represented in the form^):
ln(P/V)=C*((2yaa(Ex-Ea))-(2/as(Ex-Es)))
where C is a constant, E x, the excitation energy of the fissioning nuclide, a a and a s, the level density parameters of the symmetric and asymmetric fission modes,respectively, and E a and E s the extra-energy above each
-133-
]AERI-M 89-119
valley r巴，Ion( Increased probability of the near-symmetric fission with
increasing of excitation energy ) in comparison with the peak region and
the outer sides of the asymmetric pcaks.
The yield ratios of typical asymmetric division products are
ind巴pendent on thc incidcnt proton encrgy and that is th巴 same as l.hc
symmctric division products. while the yield ratios of dsymmetric to
symmetric division products are strongly d巴pendent on pnergy. Thl、S廿
observations suggest the existence of two distinctly different thresholt.!
cncrgies. on巴 rclatcdto the so-called symmetrlc fission and the othcr to
the asymmetric fission.
For al1 nuclci studied it has be巴nfound that the peak-to-valley ratio
dccreases as th巴 excitationenergy of the compound nucleus is increased.
and eventually the distribution becomes f，ymslctric about Af/2. Th日 P/V
ratios as a function of the mass of the compound nucl巴us ( Af wi th a
fixed excitation energy above the saddl巴 pointare shown in Fig. 1. in
which the outer barrier heights reported by Back巴tal.3) are used for th巴
5司dd1e point energy. Fi 1l巴dcircles show the P/V ratlos for the excitation
cncrgy of 9. 5 ~1巴V and fllled triangles for 11.5 ~eV. From the figure. it is
found that yiclds of the symmetric mass division become more favor巴das the
fissioning mass increascs up to 245 or to the neutron number of the
compound nucleus N=150. It is interesting to note that the P/V ratlos 5巴em
to vary smoothly from thc actinide region to the distinctly triple-humped
Ra rcgion4) and cvcn down to the PO region5). This smooth variation of the
P/V ratio as a function of Af indicates that some unknown causes of the
asymmetric mass divisiol1. probably the shell巴ffectat the saddle or at the
scission or the dynamics from the saddle to scission. gradually become more
effective as Af increases up to the actinide region.
A quantative analysis was carried out for th巴 ratioof probabilities
of the symmctric and to the asymmetric fission in terms of a statistical
mod巴1 according to which the ratio Pa/ r子P/Vcan be represented in the
form6) :
ln(P/V)=C*( (2.，!a訂可主訂)ー(2Ja訂可ヨ;了))
where C is a constant. Ex. the excitation energy of the flssioning nucllde.
aa and as. the level density parameters of the symmetric and asy阻 etric
fission modes，respectively. and Ea and Es the extra-energy above each
-133
JAER I-M 89-119
barrier. An assumption was also made that the level-density parameters do not depend on the excitation energy and that aa=1.05A/8. a s=1.15a a. The differences in the evaluated extra-energy(Es-Ea) required for the symmetric mass division to the asymmetric one as a function of neutron number are shown in Fig.2. The (E s-E a) value changes from a large positive value for N-150 to a large negative value for N-126, and the two barrier heights become comparable at N=136-137. This trend indicates that the shape of the mass distribution changes from symmetric mass distribution for the Bi and Po region, triple-humped for the Ra and Ac region and to double-humped for most of actinides systematically. The broken lines show the difference in heights between the symmetric 2nd barrier and the asymmetric 2nd barrier for even-Z fissioning nuclides calculated by Mb'ller et al^). The observed (E s-E a) seem to fall within the energy range predicted by the potential energy calcuJation, and it may suggest that the symmetric mass division process experiences the static symmetric 2nd barrier and the asymmetric process goes through the static asymmetric barrier even though there is no theoretical justification for the former process.
Reference^
1) A. Turkcvich and J. B. Niday, Phys. Rev. 84, 52(1951). 2) P. Moiler and J. R. Nix, Nucl. Phys. A229, 269(1974). 3) B. B. Back, 0. Hansen, H. C. Britt, J. D. Garrett, and P. Leroux,
Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Proceedings of a Symposium at Rochester (IAEA, Vienna), Vol.1, 3(1974).
4) E. Konecny, II. J. Specht, J. Weber, Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Proceedings of a Symposium at Rochester (IAEA, Vienna) Vol.11. 1(1974).
5) M. G. Itkis, V. N. Okolovich, A. Ya. Rusanov, and G. N. Smirenkin, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 41, 544(1985).
6) C. F. Tsang and J. B. Wilhelmy, Nucl. Phys. A184, 417(1972).
-134-
]AERI-M 89・ 119
barrier. An assumption was also made that the level-density parameters do
not depend on the excitation energy and that aa=1.05A/8. as=1.15aa. Thc
differenc巴sin the evaluated extra-energy{Es-Ea) required for the symmetric
mass division to the asymmetric one as a function of neutron numbcr are
shown in FIg.2. Th巴 (Es-Ea)value changes from a large positive valul、 for
;¥-150 to a large negative value for N-126. and the two bilrrier hpighls
become comparable at N=136-137. This trend indicates that thc shape of the
mass distribution changes from symmetric mass distribution for the日 and
PO region. tripl巴-humpedfor the Ra and Ac region and to double-humpcd for
most of actinides systematical1y. The brok巴nlines show the differcncc in
heights between the symmetric 2nd barrier and the asymmetric 2nd barrier
for 巴ven-Zflssioning nuclides calculated by M611er et a12). The observcd
(EcEa) seem to fall within the energy range predictcd by the potcntial
energy calculation. and it may suggest that the symmetric mass division
process expericnc巴s the static symmetrlc 2nd barrier and the asymmctric
proc巴ssgoes through the static asymmetric barricr even though there is no
thcoreticaL justification for the former process.
住 fp.rcnceS'
1) .~. Turkcvich and J. B. ¥Iday. Phys. Rev.担. 52(1951).
2) P.、lol1crand J. R. ¥ix. Nucl. Phys. A229. 269(1974).
3)日. B. Back. O. Hansen. 11. C. Britt. J. D. Garrett. and P. Leroux.
Phys. and Chem. of 1・Isslon.Proceedings of a Symposium at Rochester
!lAEA. Vienna). Vol. 1. 3(1974).
4) E. Konecny. 11. J. Specht. J. Weber. Phys. and Chem. of Fission.
Proceedings of a Symposium at Rochester (IAEA. Vlenna) Vol.II.
1(1974).
5)河. G. Itkis. V. N. Okolovich. A. Ya. Rusanov. and G. N. Smirenkin.
Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.但. 544(1985).
6) C. F. Tsang and J. B. Wl1helmy. Nucl. Phys.生184.417 ( 1972) .
-134-
JAER I-M 89-1 19
~l 1 1 r 50
10 5.0
O i.O
^ 0.5
^ 0.1 -
0.05
0.01
0.005
0.001
Ra, Ac
Po.At
° , E, - 9.5 MeV obove B(
A _ E, =11.5MeV above Bi
210 215 220 225 230 235 240 215 Af
Fig.l P/V ratios as a function of fissioning- nuclides. Closed circles, open circles and open trianbles indicate the P/V ratio at the excitation energy Ex=9.5 MeV above asymmetric fission barriers. Closed triangles are for Ex=11.5. Closed symbols are the results obtained in this work, open circles are from ref.4, open triangles from ref.5.
-o odd - even
1 1 i
- • odd - odd
a even- odd
x even- even Ac
4m °"
.
««. 4C 0 .
. He * _
Fig.2 Difference in barrier heightsf MeV ) as a function of neutron number. The value for Ra and Ac isotopes are from ref.4 and those for Po and At isotopes are from ref.5.
- 135-
jAER I-M 89-119
50ト
10ト
5.0 会;P++。1.0ト
~ 0.5 0::
0)0
> ¥0.1 CL
0.05
f
hnm
内
「
Ili--d
a
。
」
11ト
・l戸
D
nunu
nunu
円》
.， 01， E，包 9.5MeV ゐj 口凶ve同
.. ，E， =11.5MeV 。凶veBI
0.001 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 2q5
Ar
4 。odd-，ven • odd-凶d
6 e司n-凶d
Fig.l P/V ratios as a function of
fissioning nuclides. Closed
circles， open circles and open
trianbles indicate the P/V ratio
at the excltation energy EX=9.5
MeV above asym皿etric fission
barriers. Closed triangles are
for EX=11.5. Closed syrnbols are
the results obtained in thls
work. open circles are frorn
ref.4， open triangles frorn ref.5.
! ~時n- ，司nk -
。POhtto
Am-em -Ac. ~c Np
M 巾
Ra
o卜一一一一一一一一一一一色-w
125 130 135 N
1'10 1'15 150
Fig.2 Difference in barrler helghts( MeV ) as a function of
neutron number. The value for Ra and Ac isotopes are frorn ref.4
and those for PO and At isotopes are from ref.5.
135一
J A E R I - M 89-119
4.3 BETA-DECAY STUDIES OF 1 2 3 L a , 1 2 5 L a AND 1 2 7 L a
WITH AN ON-LINE ISOTOPE SEPARATOR
Hiiieki I IMURA. Shin- ich i ICHIKAWA. Toshiaki SEklNE*.
Masumi OSHIMA**, Nobuo SHINOHARA,
Hasanide MIYACHI***, Akihiko OSA***, Michihi ro SHlBATA***,
Hiroshi YAMAMOTO*** and Kiyoshi KAWADE***
Department of Chemistry, ^Department of Radioisotopes,
**Department of Physics, JAERI and
***Department of Nuclear Engineering, Nagoya Univers i ty
Inves t iga t ion of the nuclear s t ruc tu re of neut ron d e f i c i e n t nuc le i
in the A=120-130 mass region has revealed many in te res t ing features. The
nuclei in t h i s reg ion , tend to loose r - so f tness and t h e i r c o l l e c t i v e
character grows rap id ly wi th decreasing neutron number. As t o o d d - A
Ba n u c l e i in-beam r _ r a y spectroscopic studies lead to i n fo rma t ion on
h igh-sp in level s t r u c t u r e s . ' " 3 ) However, experimental information on low-
spin levels of these nuclei is very scarce. The knowledge of the exc i ta
t ion energies and t r a n s i t i o n p r o b a b i l i t i e s of such levels are needed for
understanding the c o l l e c t i v e Uehaviour of these n u c l e i . In the present
work, we studied the level schemes of 123,125,127g a f r o m f n e p -decays
of 123,125,127[_a using an on- l i ne isotope separator (1S0L).
The experiments were performed at the tandem acce le ra to r f a c i l i t y ,
us ing the reac t i ons 9 2 ! i o ( 3 5 C I , 2 p 2 n ) 1 2 3 L a w i t h a 180-MeV 3 5 C I beam and
n a t M 0 ( 3 2 s i P x n ) 1 2 5 , 1 2 7 L a w i t n a [60-MeV 3 2 S beam. The th ickness of the
molybdenum targets was about 4 mg/cm2. Reaction products were ionized in
a sur face- ion i2a t ion ion source. The ion ized a c t i v i t i e s were ex t rac ted
from the ion source and mass-separated by an ana lyz ing magnet. In order
to ob ta i n La a c t i v i t i e s f r e e from the Cs and Ba isobars, monoxide com
pounds of La were e x t r a c t e d : the mass number II was s e t a t M=A+16
( A L a ' 6 o + ) . The d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n of t h i s method is given in re f . 4 .
Af ter mass separat ion, 123,125,127L a a c t i v i t i e s were implanted i n to an
aluminum-coated mylar tape and p e r i o d i c a l l y t ranspor ted in f r o n t of
detectors by a tape- t ransport system. Gamma-ray mul t i - s p e c t r u m measure
ments were performed w i th a low-energy photon HPGe detector (LEPS) and
an 18% r - X HPGe detector . The decay of each r - l i n e was traced by taking
- 1 3 6 -
JAERI-M 89-119
4.3 BETA-DEC~Y STLDIES OF 123La. 125La AND 127La
~ITH AN ON-LINE ISOTOPE SEPARATOR
Hidef..i IIMURA. Shin-ichi lCHIKAI.'A. Toshiaf..i SEI¥INE*，
トlasumi OSH 1門A主主. Nobuo SHINOHARA.
トlasahi de 門1YACH r:件本. Akihiho OSA宇本企， 門ichihiroSHIBATA本字宇，
Hiroshi YAトlAMOTO孝章宇 and Kiyoshi KAI.'ADE宇字本
Department of Chemistry. 本Departmentof Radioisotopes.
:怜Departmentof Physics， JAERI and
宇本本Departmentof Nuclear Engineering， Nagoya University
lnvestlgatlon of the nuclear structure of neutron deficient nuclei
in the A=120-130 mass region has revealed many interesting features. The
nuclei in this region. tend to loose r圃 softness and thei r coll巴cti ve
characler grO¥o'8 rapidly Io'ith decreasing neutron number. As to odd-A
Ba nuclei in-beam r-ray spectroscopic studies lead to information on
hlgh-spln level struclures.1・3) Ho~'ever. experimental information on 1010'-
spln levels of these nuclel is ver-y scarce. The hnolo'ledge of the excita-
t i on en巳rgies and transitlon probabilities of such levels are needed for
understanding the collectlve behaviour of these nuclei. ln the present
Io'ork. Io'e studied the level schem巴s of 123.125.127Ba from the β-decays
of 123，125，12ha uSlng an on-line isolope separator (ISOL).
Th巳 experimentsIo'ere performed at the tandem accelerator faci 1 ity.
using the reactions 92門0(35CI.2p2n)123La Io'ith a 180-MeV 35CI beam and
na t門0(32S，pxn)125.127La Io'ith a 160・トleV 32S beam. Thゼ lhickncss of the
molybdenum targets Io'as about 4 mg/cm2 • Reaction products Io'ere ionized in
a surface-ionization ion source. The ionized activities Io'ere extracted
from the ion source and mass-separated by an analyzing magnet. ln order
to obtain La aclivities free from the Cs and Ba isobars， monoxide com-
pounds of La Io'ere extracted: the mass number 門Io'as set at 門=A+16
(ALaI60+). The detai led description of this method is given in ref. 4.
After mass separation， 123，125，127La activities Io'ere implanted into an
aluminum-coated mylar tape and p巴riodically transported in front of
detectors by a tape-transport system. Gamma-ray multi-spectrum measure-
ments were performed with a low-energy photon HPGe detector (LEPS) and
an 18% r -X HPGe detector. The decay of each r -1 i ne Io'as traced by tak i ng
-136ー
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
16 spectra sequent ia l ly . These detectors were also used for X/ r - r coincidence measurements. In addition, in order to measure half - l ives of exci ted s t a t e s , p • r delayed coincidences were observed with a 1-mm-thick p l a s t i c s c i n t i l l a t i o n detector and the LEPS.
As an example of the data obtained, levels and t rans i t ions in '25p a
are shown in f ig . I . The excited s t a t e s of '25g a w e r e p | a c e c j 0 n the basis of the energies, in tens i t i e s and coincidence re la t ions of the r - r a y s assigned to the decay of ' 2 5 ^ , T n e | e v e | s cheme shows two different se ts of levels with no interconnection. The position of the 0+X keV level was not determined. We have derived 13 new levels . The energies of these new leve l s are indicated with an a s t e r i s k in f i g . I . As to the spin and p a r i t y v a l u e s for the ground s t a t e and the l eve l s a t 0+X, 67.2+X, 165.9+X, 168.6+X, 300.0+X, and 385.0+X keV we have adopted the previous ones .5 -6 ) p r o f f l the i n t e n s i t y r a t i o s of the K X-rays to the r -rays in the coincidence spectra , the mul t ipolar i t ies of the 43.6- and 67.2-keV t r a n s i t i o n s have been determined to be M1+E2 and El, respectively. Consequen t ly , the p a r i t y of the 43.6-keV level has been ass igned as positive' , from the level systematics of the heavier Ba isotopes, the most probable spin of th is level is 3/2. The 67.2-keV r _ r a y was found to be delayed with a ha l f - l i f e of 2.76±0.14 /is. This ha l f - l i f e value gives an El hidrance factor Fy=5.2X10^ to th is t r ans i t ion .
Further invest igat ion, including the measurements of in ternal convers ion e l e c t r o n s , is now in progress to obta in more complete level schemes of the isotopes.
References 1) N. Yoshikawa, J. Cizon and A. Gison: J. de Phys. 40 (1979) 209. 2) J. Gizon and A. Gizon: Z. Phys. A285 (1978) 259. 3) J. Gizon and A. Gizon: Z. Phys. A281 (1977) 99. 4) S. Ichikawa, T. Sekine, H. limura, M. Oshima and N. Takahashi:
Nucl. Ins t r . and Meth. A274 (1989) 259. 5) A. C. Mueller, F. Buchinger, W. Klempt, E. W. Otten, R. Neugart,
C. Ekstrom and J. Heinemeier: Nucl. Phys. A403 (1983) 234. 6) T. Tamura, Z. Matumoto and M. Oshima: Nucl. Data Sheets 32 (1981) 497.
- 137-
litg
.，
]AERI-M 89-119
16 spectra sequentially. These detectors were also used for X/r -r cUln-
cidence measurements. ln addition. in order to measure half-lives of e入-
C I ted s ta tes，β-r delayed coincidences were observed with a l-mm-lhid
plastic scinti I lation deteclor and the LEPS.
As an example of the uata obtained. levels and transitions in 125日a
are shown in fig・1.The excited states of 1258a were placed on the basis
of the energies. intensities and coincidence relations of the r -rays as-
signed to the decay of 125La. The level scheme shows two dlfferenl sets
of levels with no interconnection. The position of the O+X k巴Vlevel ¥Ia:;
not determined. We have derived 13 new levels. The energies of these new
levels are indicated with an asterisk in fig. ¥. As to the spin and
parity values for the ground state and thピ levelsat O+X， 67.2+X.
165.9+X， 168.6+X， 300.0+X， and 385.0+X keV we ha¥e adoptcd thぜ prt'Vloll日
ones. 5•6) From the intensity ratios of the K X-rays to the r -rays in
the coincid巴ncespectra， the multipolarities of the 43.6・ ando7.:)-keV
transltions have been determined to be門I+E2and EI， respectively. Con-
sequently. th巳 parityof the 43.6・keV 1 eve 1 has been ass i gnぜdas
positive: from the level systematics of the heavier Ba isotopes， the most
probable spin of this level is 3/2. The 67.2・keV r -ray ¥las found to be
delayed with a half-Ilfe of 2.76:!:0.14μs. This half-I ife value gives an
EI hidrance factor FW=5.2XI06 to this transition.
Further Investigation， including the measurements of internal con-
version electrons. is nO¥l in progress to obtain more complete level
schemes of the isotopes.
References
1) N. Yoshikawa， J. Gizon and A. Gison: J. de Phys. 40 (1979) 209.
2) J. Gizon and A. Gizon: Z. Phys. A285 (1978) 259.
3) J. Gizon and A. Gizon: Z. Phys. A281 (1977) 99.
4) S. 1亡hikawa，T. Sekine. H. Iimura，門.Oshima and N. Takahashi:
Nucl. lnstr. and Meth. A274 (1989) 259.
5) A. C. Mueller. F. Buchinger， W. Klempt， E， W. Otten， R. Neugart，
C. Ekstrom and J. Heinemeier: Nucl. Phys. A403 (1983) 234，
6) T. Tamura， Z. Matumoto and門. Oshima: Nucl. Data Sheets 32 (1981) 497.
ー 137
JAER I-M 89-119
125 I -. 57 L a 6 8
/ 64.8s
11*, EC
1311.0*-1284.1*-
Q
in CD en
763.2 •
651.3 -
325.8-
237.3*
4 3 . 6 -
1/2* 43.6,
(3/2) +
(9/2*)
385.
0 21
6.5
(7/2*) \ If
168.
6 '
_s y
385.0'X
( ivr)
168.6-X ( 3 ^ 1
3
2 . 7 6 p i ^
•fe/2-)-
3
-9K>X
-841.4-X*
_ ^ 7 5 > X — 735 »X* — 7 0 2 * X * ^ 6 8 7 . 5 ' X *
-300.0'X
-165.9*X
- 67.2-X
\<£> -O'X
1 2 5 F U 5 6 d d 6 9
F ig . 1 Levels and t rans i t i ons in 125g a.
•138-
JAERI-~1 89-119
戸ア
1311.0* 1284.1市
910+X*
事
sL.14・x噂
ち3・x骨
735・x702+X* 6875・x捨
N.m∞。
51.3よ
3∞O+X
165.9令X
67.2+X
3B5.0伐
2沼J，7/2
:-(5/2"1
1iiBa臼
(9/2+
ω∞∞
(押2つ
+
、町、J'
内
J'h，，， qd
，，，‘、
ト円四戸
43.6
的∞∞
112+
237.3キ
325.8勢
43.6~
• 9“，
nHU
Rd
q4
l
nH
Q唱
nH
nv l
且
Tb
eo nH
合防
FE
aThv
du nH
9
“
自治!
ρlw
HV
ρ
、ーし
一138ー
Fig. 1
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
4.4 A STUDY OF SHORT-MVED ACTINIDES BY MEANS OF ON-LINE CHEMICAL SEPARATION SYSTEM
Nobuo SHINOHARA, Shin-ichi ICHIKAWA, Hideki IIMURA, Kazuaki TSUKADA, Sumiko BABA*, Tsutomu OTSUKI*, Hirokazu UMEZAWA*, Ichiro FUJIWARA** and Jorolf ALSTAD***
Department of Chemistry, *Department of Radioisotopes, JAERI, **Otemon Gakuin University, ***University of Oslo, Norway
Actinides produced by heavy-ion bombardments have short-lives and the production yields are quite low. In order to investigate the shortlived actinides, therefore, it is necessary to rapidly separate such a small amount of an aimed actinide from large amounts of other reaction products. For this purpose, we have developed an on-line chemical separation system which consists of a helium-jet transport system, a rapid solvent extraction system (SISAK), and an automatic ion-exchange system.
Rapid solvent extraction system (SISAK) For off-line experiment of the SISAK system, short-lived isotopes
2S2 of ruthenium which were forming in the spontaneous fission of 1 mCi Cf were separated and their gamma rays were measured. The recoil nuclei produced in the fission were thermalized through collision with helium atoms and attached to aerosol particles in the helium gas. The nuclei sticking in the particles were transferred through a Teflon capillary (2 mm diameter and 8 m long) to a degasser of the SISAK system to remove the gas, and dissolved in a solution of 5x10 M RuCl /0.2M H SO.. Then, a solution of 0.015M Ce(SOj) /0.2M K SO. preheated to about 80°C was added to oxidize ruthenium to RuO.. The ruthenium oxide was separated from fission products by extracting it into carbon tetrachloride. Gamma-ray measurements were carried out on the organic solution after the solvent extraction and centrifugal separation from the aqueous phase. Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of the SISAK experiment for the fast ruthenium separation.
Figure 2 gives the gamma-ray spectrum of the ruthenium fraction (organic phase) after the solvent extraction. Several gamma-ray peaks in the figure were assigned to the isotopes of ruthenium with mass numbers 108, 109, 110, 111 and 112 or to their daughter isotopes, with reference to
-139-
jAER 1・M 89-119
4.4 A STUDY OF SHORT-'，IVED ACTINIDES BY MEANS OF ON-LINE
CHE~lI CAL SEPARATION SYSTEM
Nobuo SHINOHARA， Shin-ichi ICHIKAWA， Hideki IIMURA，
Kazuaki TSUKADA， Sumiko BABA各， TsutO"1U OTSUKI特'
Hirokazu UMEZAWA骨， Ichiro FUJIWARA骨骨 and Joro1f ALSTλD勢普#
Department of Chemistry，骨Departmentof Radioisot口pes，JAERI，
静養OtemonGakuin University， 勢帯条Universityof Oslo， Norwny
Actinides produced by heavy-ion bombardments have short同 1ives and
the produc tユon J";.e1ds are quite 1mぜ In order to investiga te the short-
lived actinides， therefore，工t is necessary to rapユd1y separate such a
small amount of an aimed actinide from large amounts of other reaction
products. For this purpose， we have developed an on-line chemical separa-
t;.on system which consists of a helium-jet transport system， a rapid solvent 1 )
extraction system (SISAK)，-' and an automatic ion-exchange system.
Rapid solvent extraction system (SISAK)
For off-line experiment of the SISAK system， short-1ived isotopes 2う2
01、 τ・utheηium whユch were forming in the spontaneous fission of 1 mCi -'-Cf
were separated and theユr gamma rays were measured. The recoil nuclei pro-
duced in the fission were thermalized through collision wi th helium atoms
and attached to aeroso1 particles in the helium gas. The nuclei sticking
in the particles were transferred through a Teflon capillary (2 mm diameter
and 8 m long) to a degasser of the SISAK system to remove the gas， and -5 ..
disso1ved in a solution of 5x10 阿 RuCl~/O.2M H~SO". Then， a solution γ 2件_o
of 0.015河 Ce(S04)/0.2阿 H2S0
4preheated to about 80
vc was added to oxidize
ruthenium to RuOI↓・
The ruthenium oxide was separated from fission products
by ex trac ting i t into carbon tetrachloride. Gamma-ray measurements were
carried out on the organic solution after the solvent extraction and centri-
fugal separation from the aqueous phase. Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing
of the SISAK experiment for the fast ruthenium separation.
Figure 2 gives the gamma-ray spectrum of the ruthenium fraction (organ-
ic phase) after the solvent extraction. Several gamma-ray peaks in じhe
figure were assigned to the isotopes of ruthenium w1th mass numbers 108，
109， 110， 111 and 112 or to their daughter isotopes， with reference to
-]39-
JAERI-M 89-119
2 - 3> literature. The gamma ray of 263-5 keV for "Ru given in the literature was not detected in our spectrum. The measurements of gamma-ray singles and gamma-gamma coincidence arc in progress to constrcut the level schemes of the neutron-rich ruthenium isotopes.
There are few experimental data for neutron-deficient berkelium
2'll isotopes, especially Bk isotope has not yet been identified. The
Bk isotope is possibly synthesized in >HI,xn) reactions. Estimating the cross section with the
4 ) code ALICE, the reaction systems 11 2?5 . 12 235 of B+ " U and C+ U were used
for the identification of the neutron-deficient berkelium isotopes. Figure 3 shows the separation scheme using the SISAK for rapid berkelium separation. In an off-line test, of chemistry using '"''"Cf fission products, the extraction of cerium is the most likely in its IV valence in solution as well as berkelium. It was confirmed that the cerium is extracted into -
I 0.3M HDEHP/heptane in CI centrifuge &
and back-extracted into 1.5M H.SO,,/ -2 4 i
0.05M K C r O n in C2 centrifuge. The berkelium was supposed not to be back-extracted in the C2 position.
In the on-line experiments, alpha-ray measurements of catcher foil in ^ 2C+ U system was carried
D f c \ J
I Do T] -*— CI J>.
-. T O.J H H,50t
l i l O ' 1 H BuC], o.oii H 'C . !H . I , t t
Fig.l SISAK "circuit" for fast Ru separation. Flow rates: He-jet (0.8 kg/cm ) 55 m/s, carrier solution (aq.l) 58 cm/s, Ce(IV )-solution (aq.2) 51 cm/s, CCl^ (org. soln.) 108 cm/s. The aq.l and aq.2 are aq.l and preheated to about 80 C.
Fig.2 Gamma-ray spectrum of the ruthenium fraction after the solvent extraction with SISAK.
140-
]AERI-M 89・119
ray
1n
The gamma
113 Ru
)
吋4
，-，
z •
e
r
u
令IMa
r
a」+し司ムーム
263.5
1iterature
glven
detected
for keV of
the not
The measurements
was
in our spec trum.
ClUtttu p
of gamma-ray sing1es and gamma-gamma
coincidence to
。rprogress
schemes
1n
1eve1
e1rc
thc constrcut
口止tne nelltron-rユchrllthenium isotopes.
experimenta1
dat呂 forneutr口n-deficient berke1ium 2111
Bk
few are Therc
isotope
The
synthe-
Esti-
cspec:o.ll:，
ュdentユfied.
possib1y
been yet
.:i SC1~ope
iS0topes，
has not -'11
Bk Fig.1 SISAK "circuit" for fast Ru separa40n. F10w rates: He-jet (0.8 kg/cm~) うう m!s， carrier solu-
tlon (aq.1) 58 cm!s， Ce(IV)-solution (aq.2) 51 cm!s， CC1" (org. soln.)
108 cm/s. The aq.1~and aq.2 are preheated to about 80~C.
r8actions.
mating the cross 持)
code ALICE， the reac tion lL 2コ弓 12 ="弓
(Jf --S+----1...i and --C+-..././U ¥oJere used
the
systems
with Sf'rtion
IS
， H~ ，xn ) sized ュn
ュdentificaLontlw fOl' the of
n e u t r'un -d (; f i c j e n t lS0-bel"ke1ium
'o shows the separ'a-
日TS，¥K for
In ralコid bc ァkelium scparation.
an off-line tcst of chemistry using 」広三
C;" f 二 s..::~ion r~r'口叫ucts ， the extrac-
cel'illlfl is the
the
F:gure
uS1n巨::-cherne
topes
t ~ on
1ike1y most of tion
---6・Fad三句
Ill・Ill--
2000
1600
into
0.3;11 HDEHP/heptane in C1 centrifuge .5 "回
and back-extracted into 4.ちM H~SO ，，! i 2 与 j .凹
centrifuge.
'00
as
It was confirmed
not
solution
extracted
supposed
1n
1n
C2
back-extracted
va1cnce
lS
1n
was
we11 as berke1ium，
cer1um
K_Cr_O門2--Z-7
berkelium
1¥'
the
1tS
O.05M
that
Th巴
1n
。。C2 the be to
ー国
Fig.2 Gamma-ray spectrum of the ruthenium fraction after the solvent extraction with SISAK.
-140-
experiments，
of catcher
on-1ine
d
e
・司ムr
p
a
n・切s
a
w
m
C凶
。iw
+し
令レ
n
3
回出
Ff
R
S
ρM r H
u
u r同J
C凶
「ベJ
a
e
p』
m
+
円U
2
vd噌よ
a
r
n
-・可la
a
いU
1
ム
D‘
.l
司
i
oa
r
position.
ln the
J A E R I - M 89-119
out at first and the californium isotopes of mass number A >• 241 were observed. The identification of berkelium activity after the separation with SISAK was based on the X-ray of 109keV. However, the activities observed during the on-line experiments were high energy gamma-rays assigned
19 19 28 29 to 0 and Ne (for Be backing of the target), and Al and ' Al {for Al backing), and no berkelium isotopes were identified so far.
T T • >
\ U ^ \ • > h r1 ">l
t O.S » K 7 M 0.1 M 0 „ l
• > h r1 - "^ H t
O.S » K 7 M 0.1 M 0 „ l
/ ^ h r1
t O.S » K 7 M 0.1 M 0 „ l 1c tern
* 1 * 1 •Mte ».i x H.SQt
0.05 H » : Ci,0 j
Fie SISAK "circuit" for on-line sepaartion of Bk produced by the ^ B , I'-C+'J'u reaction system.
Automatic ion-exchange system A personal computer controls the ion-exchange system: an injector
is to dissolve the reaction products transferred with the helium-jet system and to inject the dissolved solution into an ion-exchange resin column; several tube pumps supply eluent solutions to the column, and 4- or 8-way valves and a solenoid valve change an eluent with another. The system can be automatically operated with a computer program. A nitrogen-gas tank with a pressure control valve is used as a controller of flow rate of the solutions in this system. After the ion-exchange separation, a necessary fraction is taken out and dried up to prepare a counting source for alpha-
2S2 or gamma-ray spectrometry. Using the Cf source, the dissolution yield of the spontaneous fission products into an acid solution was investigated at first, and consequently all of the nuclides transferred with the helium-jet system were dissolved in the acid solution. Fission product samalium
155-158 was also separated with the automatic ion-exchange system, and Sm (T , : 5-5' min-9-4 h) were isolated. Figure 4 shows a diagram for thu
5) separation of samalium. Required time for the dissolution, the separation and the source preparation of samalium was 7 min as whole.
Holmium and dysprosium isotopes produced from the 0+ Er reaction
were separated with the ion-exchange system to identify 168.169 H 0 a n d l68 D y
- 141 -
]AERI-M 89-119
out at first and the californium isotopes of mass number A>:'斗 were
observed. The identification of berkelium acti¥'ity afLer the sepnration
with SISAK was based on the X-ray of 109keV. However， the nctivities
observed during the on-line experiments were high energy gamma-rays assigned 19A _ ~ 19" ， 28" ， 29 to ./0 and ./Ne (for Be backing of the target)， and -~Al and ~"Al ¥for
Al backing)， and no berkelium isotopes wereェdentifiedso far.
0.1附附EHP/h叩 I.nr
廿JT drtrclo(
'.~ M刈‘50，0.05列車‘"、O.
‘t
Fig.3 SISAK "circuit" for on-line ~epaartion of Bk produced by the 11g，12C+235U reaction system
Aut omatユcion-exchange system
A persona1 computer controls the ion-exchange system: an injector
is to dissolve the reaction products transferred with the helium-jet system
and to ~nject the uissolved solution into an ion-exchange resin column;
己e、eral tube pumps supp1y eluent solutions to the c01umn， and 4- or 8-way
¥'a1':es and a sol巴noユd valve change an e1uent with another. The system can
be au toma tユca11;，. opera ted wi th a computer progrRm. A nユtrogen-gas tank
¥dth a pl'essure control va1ve is us巴das a contr011er of flow rate of the
s01utエons in this s.l'stem. After the ion-exchange separation， a necessary
frac tion ユs taken out and dried up to prepare a counting source for a1pha-252
or gamma-ray spectrometry. Using the -'-Cf source， the diss01ut工on yie1d
of the spontaneous fission products into an acid solution was investigated
at first， and consequent1y a11 of the nuclides transferred with the helium-
jet system were diss01ved in the acid solution. Fission product samalium 155-158
was a1so separated with the automatic ion-exchange system， and -" -'-Sm
(T， 1-.: 5.5・min-9.4 h) were is01ated. Figure 件 shows a diagram for tl." 1/2
_ 5) separation of samalium." Required time for the dissolution， the separation
and the source preparation of samalium was 7 min as whole. 18_ nat
Holmium and dysprosium isotopes produced from the .-O+"-"Er reaction
168，169Ho and 168Dy. were separated with the ion-exchange system to identify
一141
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
Although the chemical separation was repeated several ten times, the nuclides of holmium and dysprosium could not be observed. This indicates that their formation cross sections are less than 0.5 mb.
An automatic activity-measurement instrument, where the counting sources are prepared by quick evaporation of the chemically-separated fractions and immediately submitted for radioactivity measurements, is now developing.
C o n d i t i o n a l ( 1 : 1 0 = c o n c . H N 0 3 - E t O H ) 2 i l
Sa P i e S o l u t i o n ( 1 : 1 0 = c o n c . H N O , : E t O H )
E l u a t e No.1 (I .ON HH0 3 -85X NeOH
E l u a t e No.2 (I.OM HNOj-85
Wash i ng So 1 u l i o n ( 0
C o l u i n R e s i n : MCI s e l CAOSB 1. 5 n $ x 7 0 n
1
d i s c a r d • • • Eu S i P i - • •
Fig. 4 Diagram for rapid mutual separation of the rare earth elements (Eu, Sm and ?m). The operating temperature for the ion exchange, the flow rate of the eluents and N_, gas pressure were 90^2 C (in water bath), 1.5 rnl/min and 20-30 kg/cm , respectively.
Heferences 1) G. Skarnemark, et al. : Nucl. Instr. Methods, 1J1_ (1980) 323-2) N. Kaffrell, et al.: Nucl. Phys. 470 (1987) 141. 3) H. Penttila, et al. : Phys. Rev. CJ8, 931 (1988). 4) M. Blann: COO-3^94-29 (1976). 5) S. Usuda, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Ill (1987) 399-
-142-
]AERI-M 89・ 119
Although the chemical sepapation was pepeated sevepal ten times， the
nuclides of holmユum and dyspposium could not be obsepved. This ind icates
that theip fopmation cposs sections ale less than O.う mb.
An automatic activity叶neasupement instpument， whepe the counting
soupces ape prepaped by quick evaporation of the chemically-separated
fpactions and immediately submitted fop padioactivity measup巴ments， is
now developing.
Hefepences
Cond i L ion i" (1: 10=conc. HNO，: Et日H)2.1
S..ple Solution (1: 10=conc.HNO， :ELOH) 0.6・lEluate No.1 (1.0N HNO，-65% MeOH) 3.5圃l
Eluate No.2 (1.0M HN日，-65%MeOH) 1.0・l
hshing Solution (O.IN HCI) 2.0・l
d i sCsrd ・田・Eu S. P.. ..
ドig.4 Cユagpam fop rapid mutual sepapation of the r<lpe eapth 巴lements (Eu， Sm and 2m). The opepa-ting tempepatupe for the ion exchange， the flQw
rate ot" th巴 eluentsand N勺 gasppessure were 90土2;C(in \V ate~' bath)， 1.5 m'l/min and 20-30 kg/cm~ ， re己r.ect:¥巴1"・
1) G. Skapnemark， et al.: Nucl. Instr. Methods， 171 (1980) 323.
2) N. Kaffrel1， et al.: Nucl. Phys. 470 (1987) 1件1.
3) H. Penttila， et al.: Phys. Rev. C38， 931 (1988).
件)阿. Blann: COO-3494-29 (197o).
う) S. Usuda， J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 111 (1987) 399.
142-
JAER I-M 89-119
V NUCLEAR P H Y S I C S
- 1 4 3 - U 4 4 ) -
JAER ]-M 89・1]9
V NUCLEAR PHYSICS
-143-(144)ー
JAER1-M 89-119
5.1 CONTRIBUTION OF NUCLEON TRANSFER TO ELASTIC SCATTERING OF 28 S I +58,64 N I N £ A R T H £ C 0 U L 0 H B B A R R I E R
Yasuharu SUGIYAMA, Yoshiaki TOMITA, Hiroshi IKEZOE, Kazumi IDENO, Hiroshi FUJITA*, Tsuyoshi SUGIMITSU**, Norihisa KATO**, Shigeru KUBONO*** and Stephen LANDOWNE****
Department of Physics, JAERI, *Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, **Department of Physics, Kyushu University, ***Institute for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, ****Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Experiments on the quasielastic reaction for the systems 28„. 58,64„. . J . , Si+ Ni were carried out in order to clarify the heavy-ion reaction 12) mechanism near the Coulomb barrier. ' Momentum spectra from
28„. 58,64,,. . - , . - j - ^ . . ^ -,-Si+ Ni quasielastic scattering were measured with a high resolution
at the JAERI tandem accelerator by using the heavy-ion magnetic 3) spectrograph "ENMA". The spectrograph has the characteristic feature
that the kinematic momentum shift k is well compensated, so that a high energy resolution is achieved over a wide range of k. Elastic and
no SR fi4 inelastic scattering angular distributions for Si+ ' Ni were measured in the energy range E =50.0 - 76.5MeV. We used the advantages of the reversed kinematics in the backward angle range 9 -85°-160° by
no CO c A C . m . bombarding a Si target with Ni and Ni beams. Transfer cross
no co sections were measured at E -54.8MeV for Si+ Ni and at E -50.0
28 64 c , m " °' m' and 54.8 MeV for Si+ Ni, respectively. In order to measure elastic and
no
inelastic scattering at forward angles, a Si beam was incident on Ni targets. Quasielastic scattering cross sections of Si+ Ni were
no measured at E -76.5MeV by using a HOMeV Si beam, era. J ° The outgoing particles were momentum analyzed in the magnetic 4) spectrograph ENMA and detected in the focal plane with a 40cm long
hybrid focal plane detector. The entrance slits of the spectrograph were opened 2.2° horizontally and vertically which corresponded to a solid angle of 1.6 msr. From a measurement of total energy E, energy loss 6E and position Bp an unambiguous determination of mass, atomic number, Q 29 30 value and atomic charge state q were possible. Four nuclei Si, Si, 97 nf> Al and Mg, which were produced from neutron-pickup or proton-stripping 28 reactions, were observed in addition to elastically scattered Si. Other
reaction products could not be identified because of their small yields.
-145-
JAERI・M 89・ 119
5.1 CONTRIBUTION OF NUCLEON TRANSFER TO ELASTIC SCATTERING OF 28~T ， 58 ， 54 S1+'-'-'NI NEAR THE COULOMB BARRIER
Yasuharu SUG1YAMA， Yoshiaki TOM1TA， Hiroshi IKEZOE， Kazurni
IDENO， Hiroshi FUJ1TA*， Tsuyoshi SUG1MITSU**， Norihisa
KATO**， Shigeru KUBONoa* and Stephen LANDOWNE女六*大
Departrnent of Physics， JAER1，女DaiichiCo1lege of
Pharrnaceutica1 Sciences， **Department of Physics， Kyushu
University，女**Institutefor Nuclear Study， Unive工sityof
Tokyo， ****Physics Division. Argonne Nationa1 Laboratory
Experirnents on the quasie1astic reaction for the systerns 28n，， 58，54
Si+--'-'Ni were carr工edout in order to clarify the heavy-ion reaction 1，2)
rnechanisrn near the Cou1ornb barrier.~'-' Mornenturn spectra frorn 28_. 58.54
Si+--'-'Ni quasie1astic scattering were rneasured with a high resolution
at the JAERI tandern acce1erator by using the hp.avy-ion rnagnetic
3) U t:''lrLTU^ 11 spectrograph ・ENMA". The spectl"ograph has the characteristic fcat'lre
that the kinernatic rnornenturn shift k is we11 compensated， so that a high
energy reso1ution is achieved over a wide ranse of k. E1astic and 28_. 58.54
inelastic scattering angular distributions for --Si+--'--Ni were measuγed
in the energy range E~ _ =50.0 ・ 75，5MeV， We used the advantages of the c.rn
reversed kinernatics in the backward angle range e~ _ -85・-150. by c.rn.
2L. . . 58... . 54 bornbarding a ~-Si target with --Ni and -~Ni bearns. Transfer cross 28~. 58
sections were rneasured at E -54，8MeV for --Si+'-Ni and at E ・50.028~ ， .54
c，rn， c.rn. and 54.8 MeV for ~-Si+-~Ni ， respective1y. 1n order to rneasure e1astic and
28 ine1astic scattering at forward angles， a ~-Si bearn was incident on Ni
28~. 54 targets. Quasielastic scattering cross sections of --Si+-'Ni were
28 measured at E 田 75.5MeVby using a 110MeV --Si bearn.
c.m. The outgoing particles were田ornentumana1yzed in the rnagnetic
4) spectrograpl. ENMA and detected in the foca1 p1ane" with a 40crn 10ng
hybrid foca1 p1ane detector. The entrance s1its of the spectrograph were
opened 2.2・horizonta11yand vertica11y which corresponded to a so1id
ang1e of 1.6 rnsr. Frorn a rneasurernent of total energy E， energy 10ss oE
and position Bp an unambiguous determination of rnass， atomic number， Q 29~. 30
value and atomic charge state q were possible. Four nuclei -'Si， --Si， 27.. • 26
Al and 4VMg， which were produced from neutron-pickup or proton-stripping 28
reactions， were observed in addition to e1astica11y scattered ~-Si. Other
reaction products cou1d not be identified because of their srna11 yields，
一145
JAER1-M 89-119
lab
An energy spectrum obtained at •40° from the elastic and
100
Ecm • 51 8 MeV
1 f - 1
8 j - 1 0 ° , e c m - 100*
k - d p / d 9 / p « 0 8 9
SE-GOHeV O
- OD f r - *C\J ? J
1 1 A t QglMeV
" . .11 ^ 111 . y-5 1 3 2 1 0
E, ( MeV )
Fig . l A spectrum obtained at 6. , -40° from the e l a s t i c and i n e l a s t i c
2 8 . . . 64... 64, T . .28„. s ca t t e r ing Si( Ni, Ni) Si .
o Q c.i til OQ
inelastic scattering Si( Ni, Ni) Si is shown in Fig.l. The kinematic momentum shift, which amounts to SE-6.0MeV at ^1 ^ 0 ' f o r t h e P r e s e n t
solid angle, is compensated well. An energy resolution of 0.24 MeV made it possible to resolve transitions to low-lying discrete levels. Elastic scattering angular distributions of 28 c. 58... . 28„. 64„. Si+ Ni and Si+ Ni are shown by
filled circles in Fig.2 and Fig.3, respectively. In Fig.4 angular distributions for energy-integrated cross sections of the one-nuetron pickup reactions are shown. Filled circles correspond to the results from the reaction 6 4Ni( 2 8Si, 2 9Si) 6 3Ni and filled triangles are the result from CO Ofl T Q C I Ni( Si, Si) Ni. It is seen that the transfer cross section of Si+ Ni is about an order of magnitude larger than that of Si+ Ni at E =75MeV. cm.
At first we carried out the coupled-channels culations including the inelastic excitations. The following spherical Woods-Saxon potential parameters ) were used; V-50MeV, W-lOMeV, r.-r -1.2fm, a -a -0.65fm, r -1.32fm. THe form factor was the derivative of the Woods-Saxon potential. The coupling parameters used were as follows; fi --0.36, /9 --0.379 for 2 8Si(2 +) and p -0.2, p =0.182 for 5 8 ' 6 4 N i ( 2 + ) . The calculated
n 6 " ) c
results using the code Ptolemy are shown by dashed-lines in Figs.2 and 3. It is seen that the single energy- and isotope-independent potential
28 58 reproduces well the elastic scattering angular distributions of Si+ Ni at all energies. However the calculations deviate considerably from the measured elastic scattering cross sections for Si+ Ni at near-barrier energies of E -52.4, 54.8 and 57.3 MeV , although the angular distribution at E -76.5MeV is reproduced well.
We then carried out the coupled-channels calculations including the transfer channels additionally. The transfer reactions were treated in the same way as in the fusion calculations of ref.7. We took into
-146-
An energy spectrum obtained at
e 属 40. from the elastic and lab
28~ ， ，64... 64.... 28 inelastic scattering --Si(-~Ni ， V~Ni)-VSi
is shown in Fig.l. The kinematic
momentum shift， which amounts to
oE回 6.0MeVat 91ab
-40. for the ~Lesent
solid angle， is compensated well. An
energy resolution of 0.24 MeV made it
possible to resolve transitions to
low-lying discrete levels. Elastic
scattering angular distributions of 28~. 58... . 28~. 64
Si+--Ni and --S工+-'Ni are shown by
filled circles in Fig.2 and Fig.3，
respectively. 1n Fig.4 angular
distributions for energy-integrated
cross sections of the one司 nuetronpickup
reactions are shown. Filled circles
correspond to the results from the 64... _28~. 29~..63
rcaction -'Ni(--Si，-'Si)--Ni and filled
triangles are the result from 58....2L.29_..57
Ni(--Si.-'Si)-'Ni. 1t is seen that the transfer cross section of 28~. .64... . r 28~. .58
Si+V~Ni is about an order of magnitude larger than that of -vSi+_vNi at
]AERI-M 89-119
E "，75MeV. c.m.
dwω
uy
吋
心
仙
mr
B
A
O
U
W
M
d
hリ川
a
4
p
m
z
i
cz.
E
e
k
u--4
刷。一hw
!E -G 0 MeV
田 守ド同
1∞
凶
~IO コOU
。3
E， ( MeV J
。
Fig.l A spectrum obtained at 91ab
-40.
from the elastic and inelastic 28 ~. _ 64... 64...，28
scattering -WSi(V~Ni.--Ni)--Si
At first we carried out the coupled-channels culations including
the inelastic excitations. The following spherica1 Woods-Saxon potential 5)
parameters-' were used; V回 50MeV. W・10MeV. r -r田1.2fm. a 圃 a・0.65fm. __"W'. -~v.._. ， -0 -1 ~.-_...， -0 -r
rc~1.32fm. THe form factor was the derivative of the Woods-Saxon
potentia1. The coupling parameters used were as follows; s_・-0.36，s_--28_. __+. _ _ __ _ 58.64._. ._+.
0.379 for -VSi(2') and β_-0.2，β=0.182 for --'--Ni(2'). The calcu1ated 一一6)、，
results using the code PtolemyV' are shown by dashed-lines in Figs.2 and
3. 1t is seen that the single energy- and isotope-independent potentia1 28_. 58
reproduces we11 the e1astic scattering angu1ar distributions of --Si+--Ni
at a11 energies. However the ca1cu1ations ~eviate considerably from the 28~. .64
measured e1astic scattering cross sections for _wSi+--Ni at near-barrier
energies of E ・52.4，54.8 and 57.3 MeV ， although the angu1ar c.皿.
distribution at E ・76.5MeVis reproduced well. c.m.
We then carried out the coupled-channels calculations including the
transfer channe1s additionally. The transfer reactions were treated in
the same way as in the fusion calculations of ref.7. We took into
146
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
S b
0.1
001 40 120
(deg)
160
g.2 Elastic scattering angular no C o
distributions for Si+ Ni at different center of mass energies. The dashed lines are coupled-channels calculations including inelastic excitation. Solid lines are the calculations including the one-neutron transfer channel additionally.
28 Fig.3 Same as Fig.2 but for Si+
account only one-neutron transfer channels for simplicity. The calculated results for the elastic are shown by solid lines in Figs.2 and 3. It is seen that the coupled-channels calculations including the transfer channel additionally reproduce the data very well. The one-neutron transfer cross sections are compared with the coupled-channels calculations in Fig.4. A reasonable overall agreement is obtained with this simple approximated method. A large difference of the transfer cross
no co rt sections between the Si+ ' Ni cases at E =75Mev is reproduced well.
c .m. In summary, we presented the results of elastic scattering and
no co (CA one-neutron transfer measurements in Si+ ' Ni at various energies arround the Coulomb barrier. A high resolution work was achieved by compensating the strong kinematic shift in a reversed kinematics and the elastic scattering cross section was measured over a wide range of scattering angles. The coupled-channels calculations were carried out
-147-
JAERI-M 89-119
0.1
ー...，，---.... 四百¥
ι5札、〈;L
4J::¥¥
iて!
64.. NI
ト昌
b司
¥b-v " 1 医
b てコ、、
旨 1
0010 0.1
8cm Ideq)
Fig.2 Elastic scattering angular 28_. 58
distributions for --Si+--Ni at
different center of rnass energies.
The dashed lines are coupled-channels
calculations including inelastic
excitation. Solid 1ines are the
ca1cu1ations including the one-neutron
transfer channe1 additional1y.
O.OIL
日cm (deg)
-噌ムN
，“時ro +
・市田&
σ、“。。
内
4r
O
Fム
↑しu
hu
つισ白，句ムnr s
a
e
m
a
C3
qJ
• 0h
-Eム、1t
account on1y one-neutron transfer channe1s for sirnplicity. The
ca1cu1ated resu1ts for the elastic are shown by solid lines in Figs.2 and
3. It is seen that the coup1ed-channe1s ca1cu1ations inc1uding the
transfer channel additionally reproduce the data very well. The one-
neutron transfer cross sections are cornpared with the coup1ed-channels
calculations in Fig.4. A reasonable overall agreement is obtained with
this simple approxirnated皿ethod. A large difference of the transfer cross 28~: ，58，64 sections between the --Si+~-'-~Ni cases at E =75Mev is reproduced well.
c，m. 1n su皿皿ary，we presented the resu1ヒsof elastic scattering and
28_. 58，64 one-neutron transfer measurements in --Si+~-' --'Ni at various energies
arround the Goulomb barrier. A high resolucion work was achieved by
compensating the strong kine皿aticshift in a reversed kinematics and the
elastic scattering cross section was measured over a wide range of
scattering ang1es. The coupled-channels ca1culations were carried out
-147-
JAER 1-M 89-1 19
including one-neutron transfers in addition to inelastic scattering process. The data were reproduced wll using a single energy- and isotope-
7 8) independent bare potential. The present result .together with the one ' of the fusion reaction, indicates that the coupled-channels method is a unified approach for describing the elastic, quasielastic and fusion cross sections at energies around the Coulomb barrier.
Fig.A Angular distributions for energy-integrated cross sections of the one-neutron transfer reactions. Filled circles and triangles are the results from
64M.,28_. 29...63... the reactions Ni( Si, Si) Ni . 58 M. ,28„. 29,,.. 57... ... ,
and Ni( Si, Si) Ni, respectively. Solid lines are the coupled-channels calculations.
20 40 50 80 100 l?0 140 160 0m (deg)
References 1) Y.Sugiyama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.62 (1989) 1727. 2) Y.Sugiyama et al., Invited Papers of the JAERI International Symposium
on Heavy-Ion Reaction Dynamics in Tandem Energy Region, edited by Y.Sugiyama et al. (University Academy Press, Tokyo,1988), p.85.
3) Y.Sugiyama et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods 187(1981)25; Z.Phys. A322(1985)579; submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Methods.
4) E.Takekoshi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A237(1985)512. 5) Y.Sugiyama et al., Phys. Lett. 1_76B( 1986) 302. 6) M.J.Rhoades-Brown et al., Phys. Rev. 021(1980)2417.2436. 7) S.Landowne et al., Phys. Rev. £31(1987)597. 8) A.M.Stefanini et al., Phys. Rev. 030(1984)2088.
: 765 MeV
74 ?. MeV
Ecm = 50 0 MeV
- ^ _ _ _ « _ _ _ ••
/^~~ •
5 4 8 MeV \
/ " . ^^ •
. We,
* 2 f l S .
-
-148 -
]AERI-M 89-]]9
inc1uding one-neutron transfers in addition to ine1astic scattering
process. The data were reproduced w11 using a sing1e energy- and isotope. 7，8) independent bare potentia1. The present resu1t ，together with the one
of the fusion reaction， indicates that the coup1ed-channe1s method is a
unified approach for describing the e1astic， quasie1astic and fusion
cross sections at energies around the Cou1omb barrier.
Fig.4 Angu1ar distributions for
energy-integr呂tedcross sections
of the one-neutron transfer
reactions. Fi11ed circ1es and
triang1es arc the results from 64....28_.29_.，63
the reactions -'Ni(--Si，-'Si)--Ni 58... .28_. 29 、57...噌
and --Ni(--Si，-'Si)-'Ni， respective1y.
So1id 1ines are the couplcd-channels
ca1cu1ations.
Refcrences
1) Y. Sugiyam且 eta1.， Phys. Rev. Lett.昼2.(1989) 1727.
2) Y.Sugiyama et a1.， Inviced Papers of the JAERI Internationa1 Symposium
on Heavy-Ion Reaction Dyn副nicsin Tandem Energy Region， edited by
Y.Sugiyama et a1. (University Academy Press， Tokyo，1988)， p.85.
3) Y.Sugiya皿aet a1.， Nuc1. Instrum. Methods 187(1981)25; Z.Phys.
企322(1985)579; submitted to Nuc1. Instrum. Methods，
4) E.Takekoshi et a1.， Nuc1. Instrum. Methods A237(1985)512.
5) Y.Sugiya田aet a1.， Phys. Lett.よZ些 (1986)302.
6) M.J.Rhoades-Brown et a1.， Phys. Rev. C21(1980)2417，2436.
7) S.Landowne et a1.， Phys. Rev.♀35(1987)597.
8) A.M.Stefanini et a1.， Phys. Rev. C30(1984)2088.
148
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A 同51守町t
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ム
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n
H
M
ム
ω」刊二
μ
ハU
，r'¥L_ "J
CU¥
口hv
一読¥心
E一
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
5.2 MEASUREMENTS OF PRE-FISSION 4 He MULTIPLICITY TO INVESTIGATE THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF LEVEL DENSITY PARAMETER
Hiroshi IKEZOE, Naomoto SHIKAZONO, Yuichiro NAGAME, Yasuharu SUGIYAMA, Yoshiaki TOMITA, Kazumi IDENO, Hiromichi NAKAHARA*, Tsutomu OHTSUKI*, Takayuki KOBAYASHI* and Keisuke SUEKI*
Department of Physics, JAERI, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University
The nuclear level density plays an important rule in the statistical trentment of the probabilities of evaporation and fission of an excited nucleus. The dependence of the level density parameter on the excitation energy is especially important. Up to now a
1—3) few experimental data are available in connection with this point ' . In the present work, we investigated the dependence of the level density parameter on the excitation
19 energies in the range of 45 to 90 MeV. For the present purpose, the reaction of F + Au was used to produce the compound nucleus Ra. The pre—fission He
multiplicity was measured as a function of the excitation energy of the compound nucleus. It was expected that He was likely emitted from the excited compound nucleus
Ra before fission, because the daughter nucleus Rn has the neutron magic number N=126. It was also expected that the He emission should depend on the excitation
212 energy of the daughter nucleus Rn, in which the shell correction energies of the excited states rapidly disappear ' as the excitation energy increases.
The energy spectra of He in coincidence with the fission fragments are shown in Fig.l. The ordinate is defined as
d 2 M/dE Q dn a = (d 3 <7/dE a dn a dn G s s )/(da/dfi f i s s ) ,
where dcr/dfifiss is the inclusive cross section of the fission fragments. In general, there are three different sources for the He emission, that is, the evaporations from fission fragments (FE), the compound nucleus emission (CE) and the pre-equilibrium process (PE). Since the He in the coincidence measurements was detected at the backward angles, the contribution from the PE was negligible. The calculated energy spectra corresponding to the emission sources of the CE and the FE are shown in Fig.l as the dotted and the dash—dotted lines, respectively.
The pre—fission multiplicity of He obtained after the components of the FE were subtracted from the data are shown in Fig.2 as a function of the excitation energy U. The observed data were compared with the results of the statistical model calculation,
- 1 4 9 -
]AERI-M 89-[19
4 5.2 MEASUREMENTS OF PRE-FISSION "%He MUL TIPLICITY TO
INVESTIGATE THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF
LEVEL DENSITY P ARAMETER
Hiroshi IKEZOE， Naomoto SHIKAZONO， Yuichiro NAGAME，
Yasuharu SUGIYAMA， Yoshiaki TOMITA， Kazumi IDENO， 本 *
Hiromichi N AKAHARA ，Tsutomu OHTSUKI ，Takayuki 本本
KOBA Y ASHI and Keisuke SUEKI
キ
Department of Physics， JAERI， Department of Chemistry，
Faculty of Science， Tokyo M巴tropolitanUniversity
The ilUclear level density plays an important rule in the statistical tre日tmcntof
the probabilities of evaporation and fission of an excited nuclcus. The dcpcndencc of the
l巴veldensity parameter on th巴excitationenergy is especially important. Up to now a 1-31
few experimental data are available in connection with this point" uJ. In the present
work， we investigated the dependence of th巴leveldensity parameter on the excitation 19
energies in the range of 45 to 90 MeV. For the present purpose， the reaction of ~vF + 197. 216 Au was used to produce the compound nucleus ~， vRa. The pre-fission "%He
multiplicity was measurcd as a function of the excitation energy of the compound 4
nucleus. It was expectcd that ""He was likely emit ted from the excited compound nucleus 216" 212 Ra before fission， because the daughter nucleus ~~~Rn has the neutron magic number
4 N=126. It was also expected that the ""'He emission should depend on the excitation 212 energy of the daughter nucleus '" ''''Rn， in which the shell correction energies of the
excited states rapidly出sappear4) as the exci tation energy increases
The energy spectra of 4He in coincidence with the fission fragrnents are shown in
Fig.1. The ordinate is defined as
d2M/dEαdilα= (d3σ/dEαdilαdilfiss)/(dσ/dilfiss)'
where dσ/dilfiss is the inclusive cross section of the fission fragments. In general， there 4 are three different sources for the "He emission， that is， the evaporations from fission
fragments (FE)， the compound nucleus ernission (CE) and the pre→quilibrium process
(PE). Since the 4He in the coincidence measurements was detected at the backward
angles， the contribution from the PE was negligible. The calculated energy spectra
corresponding to the emission sources of the CE and the FE are shown in Fig.1 as the
dotted and the dash--<iotted lines， respectively 4
The pr←fission rnultiplicity of "He obtained after the cornponents of the FE were
印刷ractedfrorn the data are shown in Fig.2 as a function of the excitation energy U.
The observed data were cornpared with the results of the statistical model calculation，
149
J A E R I - M 89-119
where the code PACE ' was used assuming the liquid drop masses for the excited parent and daughter nuclei and the level density parameter a = A/8 MeV . The ratio ar/a n of the level density parameters at the saddle point and ground state deformations was varied to see the dependence of the calculated M on the excitation energy. It is obvious that the observed data are enhanced at the low excitation energy compared with the calculated results
In order to explain the observed enhancement, the dependence of a on the excitation energy was taken into account in the statistical model calculation. According to Ignatyuk ', the level density parameter is expressed as
a(U) = a (1 + {(U)«E,/U), f(U) = l - exp ( - 7 U) ,
where <5ES is the experimental value of the shell correction energy to the ground state mass formula,
SEs = M e x p(Z,A) - Mid(Z,A). The experimental and the calculated mass defects with the liquid drop model of Myers—Swiatecki > are denoted by M e x p(Z,A) and Mid(Z,A), respectively. The asymptotic value of a at high excitation energies is denoted by a and 7 is a parameter representing the degree of the shell smearing and to be fixed by the experimental data. The result of the calculation with 7 = 0.06 is shown in Fig.2 as the solid line. The agreement with the data becomes better. This indicates that the enhancement of the pre—fission He multiplicity at the energy region region (45 — 60 MeV) can be explained by the shell effect of the residual nucleus after the He particle is evaporated. From the present measurement the parameter 7 was determined to be 0.06 _8-8S- This value is close to the value 0.05 estimated by Ignatyuk from the analysis of the neutron resonance data 1).
References 1. A. V. Ignatyuk, G. N. Smirenkin and A. S. Tishin, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 21 (1975) 255. 2. H. Baba, Nucl. Phys., A159 (1970) 625. 3. V. S. Rcmamurthy, S. S. Kapoor and S. K. Kataria, Phy. Rev. Lett., 125 (1970) 386. 4. A. Bohr and B. R. Mottelson, " Nuclear Structure" Vol. 2 ( Benjamin, Reading,
Mass,1975) 5. A. Gavron, Phys. Rev. C21 (1980) 230. 6. W. D. Myers and W. S. Swiatecki, Ark. Fysik 36, (1967)593.
- 1 5 0 -
JAERI-~l 89-119
where the code P ACE5) was used assuming the liquid drop masses for the excited parent
and daughter nuclei and the level density parameter a = A/8 MeV-1. The ratio ar/an of
the level density parameters at the saddle point and ground state deformations was
varied to s田 thedependence of the calculated M on the excitation energy. It is obvious
that the observed data are enhanced at the low excitation energy compared wi th thc
calculated resul ts
In order to explain the observed enhancement， the dependence of a on the
excitation energy was taken into account in the statistical model ca1culation. According
to Ignatyuk 1)， the level densi ty parameter is expressed as
a(U) = a (1 + f(U)偲s/U)，f(U) = 1 -exp(-'}'U)，
where 5Es is the experimental value of the shell correction energy to the ground state
mass formula，
5Es = Mexp(Z，A) -Mld(Z，A).
The experimental and the calculated mass defects with the liquid drop model of
Myers-Swiatecki6) are denoted by Mexp(Z，A) and M!d(Z，A)‘respectively. The
asymptotic value of a at high excitation energies is denoted by a and '}' is a parameter
representing the degree of the shell smearing and to be fixed by the experimental data
The result of the calculation wi th "f = 0.06 is shown in Fig.2 as the solid line目 The
agreement with the data becomes better. This ind.icates that the enhancement of the
pre-fission 4He multiplicity at the energy region region (45 -60 M巴V)can be explained 4
by the shell effect of the residual nucleus after the ~He particle is evaporated. From the
present measurement the parameter "f was determined to be 0.06 ~8:8~. Thls value is close
to the value 0.05 estimated by Ignatyuk from the analysis of the neutron resonance
data1).
R.eferences
1. A. V. Ignatyuk， G. N. Smirenkin and A. S. Tishin， Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.， 21 (1975) 255.
2. H. Baba， Nucl. Phys.， A159 (1970) 625 3. V. S. r~maml凶hy ， S. S. Kapoor and S. K. Kataria， Phy. Rev. Lett.， 125 (1970) 386. 4. A. Bohr and B. R. Mottelson， 11 Nuclear Structure" Vol. 2 ( Benjamin， Reading，
Mωs，1975) 5. A. Gavron， Phys. Rev. C21 (1980) 230
6. W. D. Myers and W. S. Swiatecki， Ark. Fysik 36ベ1967)593.
-150-
JAER I-M 89-1 19
Fig.l Energy spectra of He in coincidence with the fission fragments. The dotted and the dash—dotted lines represent the calculated spectra corresponding to the emission sources of the CE and the FE, respectively. The out-of—plane data were measured at y> = 60°.
<M\ir,Y I M e V I 0 10 20 30
ENERGY I M e V )
U (MeV) 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10
: "-:
i l :
_ On _ . . .0 .95
E , 1.00 -- w.\^ —-^r^-i.oo -- si£*^ - ' " -—t.02 -
_ 7 // _ I
'I ;
- 1 -
I ' l l 1 ! i
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
U (MeV)
Fig.2 Pre-Cssion multiplicity of He as a function of the excitation energy U. The upper scale tt is the excitation energy reckoned from the energy of the ground state as given by the liquid drop model. The results of the statistical model calculation assuming af/an = 0.95, 1.00 and 1.02 are shown in the dotted, the dashed and the dash-dotted lines, respectively. The solid line is the calculated result taking into account the excitation energy dependence of the level density parameter with 7 = 0.06.
• 151 -
]AERI-M 89-119
Fig.l Energy spectra of 4He in
coincidence with the fission fragments.
The dotted and the dash-dotted lines
represent the ca1culated spectra
corresponding to the emission sources
of the CE and the FE， respectively
The ouトーof-planedata were measured at o
tp = 60 .
'0 '1
，o'Lム一ームJ10 ，0 30
PH~qGY (MeV
附一
10 •
J11PJhwfJ
↑コ一
U
U口廿、
-rJ円
Fig.2 Pre-fission multiplicity of 4He
as a function of the excitation energy
U. The upper scale u is the excitation
energy reckoned from the energy of the
ground state as given by the liquid
drop model. The results of the
statistica1 model calcl11ation assuming
arJan = 0.95， 1.00 and 1.02 are shown in the dotted， the dashed and the dash-dotted lines， respectively. The solid line is the calculated result taking
into account the excitation energy
dependence of the level density
parameter with 'Y = 0.06. 100 110
-1月1-
リ (MeV)
30
90
。fOn
ぷニτタJ;;βタム.--.--1.02
，γ/ ，;γ
JY //
80
90
70
」80 70
U (MeV)
60 50 40 30
40 10-3
20
:00
三
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
5.3 DETECTION OF THE Be NUCLEI FROM THE REACTIONS 28 . 68 32 64 Si ^ Zn AND S + Ni
Kazumi IDENO, Yoshiaki TOMITA, Yasuharu SUGIYAMA, lliroshi IKEZOE, Susumu HANASHIMA and Yuichiro NAGAME
Department of Physics, Department of Radioisotopes, JAERI
In 0-induced heavy ion reactions the Be nuclei occupy a large fraction of the reaction yields for light fragments . In order to see
Q the dominance of Be nuclei for heavier projectile systems, we performed
Q
the measurement of the production cross section of Be nuclei for the systems Si + Zn and S + Ni at the incident energies of 163 and 175 MeV, respectively. Both systems lead to the same composite components. The incident energies were chosen so that the two systems had
Q approximately the same excitation energy and angular momentum. The Be nucleus decays promptly into two a-particles (t . = 10 -16 sec at ground
2) state). We need a special detection system to identify it" . For this purpose we have constructed a two-dimensional position-sensitive
3) detection system , which is composed of paired drift chambers as AE
2 counters and two closely-spaced Si detectors (40x40 mm ) as E counters.
4C
^ 'Be g.S.
Si 5Zi 163 MeV
e,.,» = 2 5 '
SUaJut 30 50 100 150
A P (MeV/C) AP (MeV/C) Fig. 1 Relative momentum batween coincident a-particles
-152-
5.3
]AERI-M 89-]]9
R [)f，TECTION OF THE Be NUCLEJ FROM THE REACTIONS 23_， 63_ __ 32 64
Si 十 ZnAND --S + --Ni
Kazumi IDENO， Yoshiaki TOMITA， Yasuharu SUGIYAMA，
• lIiroshi lKEZOE， Susumu HANASHIMA and Yuichiro NAGAME
* Department of Physics， Department of Radioisotopes，
JAERI
16_ ' ， 8 In --0-ユnduced heavy ion reactユons the -Be nuclei occupY a large
1 ) fraction of the reaction yields for light fragments.'. In order to see
the dominance of 8Be nuclei for heavier projectile systems， we performed
the measurement of the production cross section of 8Be nuclei for the 28_， 68_ ， 32_ 64
systems --Si + --Zn and --S + -"Ni at the incident energies of 163 and
175 MeV， respect.ively. Both systems lead to the same composite
components. The incident energies were chosen so that the two systems had
approximately the same excitation energy and angular momentum. The 8Be -16
nucle山 de叫 spromptly into two α-particles (t1!2 10 つsecat qF抑roun
只tate)， We need a special detection system to identify it】 For this
purpose we have constructed a t加o-dimensional position-sensitive 3)
detection system-'， which is composed of paired drift chambers as OE
counters and two closely-spaced Si detectors (40x40町 n2)as E counters.
ÄO~ 1'1 -Beg ・5・
~ I r州
50
ムP
'8 Si +日 Zi163 Mev
8"" = 25・| 300ト Lil.¥¥ J2 s + &4Ni
lfl
← z 200 コO ιJ
¥00
O O
175 MeV
θ，..， = 250
50 100 150
ムP(MeV/C)
Fig. 1 Relative momenturn b~tween coincident a-particles
152
J A E R I - M 89-119
Q
This system worked effectively for the measurement of continuous "Be spectra buried in the strong a-backgrounds. We also measured the cross section for the production of light stable fragments (Z = 3 - 6). Fig. 1 shows the measured distribution of the relative momentum between coincident a-particles at 8. , = 25 degree. The observed discrete peak at the lower end in the figure corresponds to the contribution from the Be ground state. The background components are mainly due to the uncorrelated a-particles, whose average contribution is represented by a dashed curve. Both in the two systems, the ratio of the Be component
Fig. 2 Relative cross sections at 9 lab 30 degree for the observed light fragments. The open areas represent the ones for
Q stable isotopes and the hatched area the one for the Be
g.s. nuclei.
to the background increased as the detection angle increased. Fig. 2 shows the yield ratios among the light fragments observed at 8. , = 30
lab degree. Almost the same ratios were observed up to the backward angle of e = 50 degree. It is seen that the two systems behave similarly with
Q
respect to the relative yields. We also compared the spectra of the Be nuclei with those of neighboring stable nuclei. All these nuclei showed a similar kinematical behavior among them. Further analyses are in progress.
-153-
]AERI-M 89-119
This SYstem worked effectively for the measurement of cont lnuCUEgBe
spectra buried in the strong a-backgrounds. We also measured the cross
section for the production of light stable fragments (Z 3 -6). Fig. 1
shows the measured distribution of the relative momentum between
coincident α-particles at θ25 degree. The observed discrete peak at lab
the lower end in the figure corresponds to the contribution from the 8Be
ground state. The background components are mainly due to the
uncorrelated a-particles， whose average contr工butionis represented by a
dashed curve. Both in the two systems， the ratio of the 8Be component
285 i + 68Zn
153 MeV
50 50 25 + 64Ni 175 MeV
¥
~ 40
" 」ー
ー」
は」
/-201-
7ミ~ 40r
c --.J
い」
>-20
。3 4 5 6 3 A R
J
6 Z Z
Fig. 2 Relative cross sections at 81ab
30 degree for the
observed light fragments. The open areas represent the ones for
stablc isotopes and the hatched area the one for the 8Be g.s.
nuclei.
to the background increased as the detection angle increased. Fig. 2
shows the yield ratios among the light fragments observed at 81ab
30
degree. Almost the same ratios were observed up to the backward angle of
50 degree. It is seen that the two systems behave similarly with lab
respect to the relative yields. We also compared the spectra of the 8Be
nuclei with those of neighboring stable nuclei. All these nuclei showed a
sirnilar kinematical behavior among them. Further analyses are in
progress.
ー 153-
I I
J A E R I - M 89-119
References 1) M. E. Brandan et al.: J. Phys. CU2 (1986) 391. 2) G. J. Wozniak et al.: Phys. Rev. C14 (1976) 815. 3) K. Ideno et al.: JAERI-M 88-181 (1988) 146.
-154-
]AERI-M 89-119
References
1) M. E. Brandan et a1.: J. Phys. G12 (1986) 391.
2) G. J. Wozniak et a1.: Phys. Rev. C1主 (1976) 815.
3) K. Ideno et a1.: JAERI-M 88-181 (1988) 146.
-154
J A E R 1 - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
5.4 SHIFT OF NEUTRON RESONANCE LEVELS IN PERIODIC STRUCTURE
Kazumi IDENO
Department of Physics, JAERI
Search for deviations from the statistical distributions of neutron 1-7) resonance levels has been made in these decades . Neutron resonance
spectra are so complex that it is natural that such trial has started from finding simple level patterns: equidistant nature of level occurrence or periodic level distributions. In Ref. 5, we looked for common periodicities among medium and heavy nuclei. However, owing to the insufficient data at that time (1973), we could not make a systematic comparison among different nuclei. With an attempt to find out a trend of the periodicities, we have extended our original method and made an extensive comparison among different nuclei, taking into account a recent progress in experimental data .
We searched for periodic structures using the correlation function A . We analyzed nuclei with D < 15 eV in the energy region below 300 eV (I) and nuclei with D < 250 eV in the energy region below 5000 eV (II), where D is the average level spacing. The data are taken from Refs. 4 and 8. The nuclei Er, Hf and Hf show a definite periodic structure in which a large part of levels are located among the periodic positions of a single sequence over a whole range of energy. These level energies are expressed as E. = nr + 0, where n takes integers, e is a period and ^ means a shift to the level sequence of E. = ne. These periods and shifts are listed in the following:
(I) 1 6 8 E r ( 1 = 0 ) : E = 17.6 eV (AE = 6 eV) and ^ = -3.2 eV; (II) 1 7 7 H f (J = 3): £ = 4.37 eV (AE = 0.6 eV) and »£ = 0.8 eV;
1 7 9Hf (I = 9/2): E = 3.06 eV (AE = 0.6 eV) and ^ = "0-5 eV.
Here AE represents the resolution of the period, J is the spin of the levels and I the spin of the target nucleus. It is noted that |>7| is approximately equal to (1/6)E for each of the above nuclei.
When one nucleus has a periodic component with the same period e as
155-
JAERI-M 89-119
5.4 SH1FT OF NEu'rRON RESONANCE LEVELS 1N PER10D1C STRUCTURE
Kazumi 1DENO
Department of Physics， JAER1
Search for de、liationsfrorn the statistical distributions of neutron 1-7)
resonance levels has been rnade in these decades~ Neutron resonance
spectra are so complex that it is naturユ1 that such tria1 has started
from f inding simp1e 1eve1 patterns: equidistant nature of 1eve1
occurrence or periodic level distributions. 1n Ref. 5， we looked for
comrnon periodicities arnong medium and heavy nuc1ei. However， owing to the
insufficient data at that time (1973)， we cou1d not rnake a systematic
comparison arnong different nuclei. Ylith an atternpt to find out a trend of
the periodicities， we have extended our origina1 method3) and rnade an
extensive comparison arnong different nuclei， taking into account a recent 8)
progress in experirnenta1 data
We searched for periodic structures using the corre1ation function
1 ) We ana1yzed nuclei with 0 < 15 eV in the energy region below 300
20 eV (1) and nuc1ei with D く 250 eV in the energy region below 5000 eV
(11)， where 0 is the average 1eve1 spacing. The data are taken frorn Refs. 168_ 177.._ _ 179
4 i'lnd 8. The nuc1ei ---Er， ~.. Hf and ~. -Hf show a def ini te periodic
structure in which a large part of 1eve1s are 10cated arnong the periodic
positions of a single sequence over a whole range of energy. These level
energies are expressed 日s Ei n~ + 1， where n takes integers， E is a
per iod and 'l means a shift to the level sequence of E i nE ・These
periods and shifts are listed in the fo1lowing:
168 (1) ~~~Er (1 0): E = 17.6 eV (t.E 6 eV) and ~ -3.2 eV;
177 (II) ."Hf (J 3): E = 4.37 eV (AE 0.6 eV) and 'l = 0.8 eV;
179 Hf (1 9/2): E 3.06 eV (~E = 0.6 eV) and ~ =ー0.5eV.
Here II E represents the resolution of the period， J is the spin of the
1evels and工 the spin of the target n凹 leus. It is noted that 111 is
approximately e午1a1to (1/6)E for each of the above nuclei.
When one nucleus has a periodic component with the sarne period E as
-155-
JAER1-M 89-119
that of a reference nucleus and i t s sh i f t i s n , a r e l a t i v e shi f t between the two nuclei is defined as
4-2 = <i ref (1)
where r g f is the shift of the reference nucleus. The relative shift can be determined directly by using the function A for the superposed
1) levels of the two nuclei . In order to avoid inclusion of accidental effects in obtaining the relative shift, we calculated the probability of the occurrence of the observed correlation by simulations in each of the c a s e s .
, 4 6Nd ,52Sra
H
Relative shifts of the 17.6 eV components (E < 5 keV) The Er nucleus was taken
as a reference. Fig. 1 shows the relative shifts of the 17.6 eV components for even rare earth nuclei. It is seen that all the relative shifts except for the
Gd nucleus center around q_ = 0 or (1/2)E. Among the nuclei in the figure, the Gd nucleus has the weakest correlation with the reference nucleus. The correlations are very strong for the other nuclei, and clustering of the relative shifts at the definite values cannot be expected for independent ensembles.
144
160-. I « -Gd 0y
1~f "Nd
'°Nd 154, 158,.. 162- 166,-.
Sm Gd Dy Er 140 150 ISO 170
Fig. 1 Relative shifts of the 17.6 eV components.
160, Except for two nuclei of ""Nd and * Gd, there is one-to-one correspondence between the change of isotopic components and the relative shift. An increase (or decrease) of two neutrons or two protons in a nucleus makes change its relative shift by one half of the period, and after two successive operations the relative shift returns to the original value. Outside of this mass range, however, such correspondence could not be seen clearly.
156-
JAER l-M 89-}1ヨ
that of a reference nucleus and its shift is ~， a relative shift between
the two nuclei is defined as
( 1)
where n "is the shift of the refer巴ncenucleus. 中he relative shift can " ref
be determined directly by using the function A"" for the superposed 20
: 1} levels of the two nuclei~/. 1n order to avoid inclusion of accidental
A'l = '2 re f -?，
effects in obtaining the relative shift， we calculated the probability of
the occurrence of the observed correlation by simulations in each of the
cases.
Rel丑tiveshifts of the 17.6 eV components (Eぐ 5keV) 168 The ~--Er nucleus was taken
e
h
↑」
VWE
E
N
r
U
0
・
h
H
7
'
5
1
14e
-n ↑L
qd
・可ム
F?l-
F
O
s
e
t
CFι
n
l
e'h
r
s
e
F&e
e
v
r
i
bL
a
a
、f
E
e
a
r
160Gd 1臼Dy
?
146". 152 Nd "'Sm 15
components for even rare earth
nuclei. 1t is seen that all the 戸炉、
l
一2
t-o H
~ 10
5
。phJV
凶〉一
IF4J凶
E
トL一工的o
e
h
e
=
t
h
+L
e
7凶
n
、h
，目1
5
t
a
e
d
l
h
h
r
n
e
t
O
U
3
4
5
f
o
c
u
h
r
u
e
+ー、
t
a
n
-
-
P
C
M
e
r
e
u
c
e
‘n
n
n
x
t
t
D
e
n
、d
i
e
g
G
t
s
c
n
o
a
t
0
6
1
4
f
&
5
m
l
e
l
u
A
r
‘
h
e
e
r
S
1
ム
・
'no
C
E
t
c
e
u
v，
v
n
フ“，
t
l
f
ノ
e
s
t
d
l
r
e
a
G
r
、u
k
l
0
9
a
e
r
b
r
l
e
r
1
0
f
w
A 140
reference nucleus. The corre-
lations are very strong for the
other nuclei， and clustering of
the relative shifts at the Relative shifts of the Fig. 1
17.6 eV components. definite values cannot be expected
for independent ensembles.
for 160
Gd， there is one-to-one
correspondence between the change of isotopic components and the relative
shift. An increase (or decrease) of two neutrons or two protons in a
nucleus makes change its relativ巴 shiftby one half of the period， and
after two successive operations the relative shift returns to the
original value. Outside of this mass range， however， such correspondence
could not be seen clearly.
156
144 Nd and of nuclei two Except
JAERI-M 89-119
Relative shifts of the 4.37 eV components (E < 300 eV) 177 The Hf nucleus with J = 3
levels was taken as a reference. The relative shifts for odd nuclei in the rare earth region behave in a complicated manner, but they show a regular pattern for the nuclei with a mass range of 232 to 242 as is seen from Fig.2. The nuclei from 232 238
Th to U have the same relative shift of -(l/6)e and the 2 4 2 P u nucleus has a relative shift of zero. The relative shift of (l/2)e appears amon 240,
., . . 232„ 236,, , among the nuclei Th, U and Pu where isotopic components
232 differ by even units. The Th and 236
U nuclei have two periodic
0 -
-2
i 1 i £
- • I T 2 l
- 1 i 1 1
1 r
_ *~~ 1 1 6 l
B2Th ™U J MU ^U "°Pu ^
Fig. 2 Relative shifts of the 4.37 eV components.
components with different shifts. For 232 the Th nucleus, the correlation at ft = (l/2)e is weaker than the one
236 at q_ = -(l/6)f:; for the ' U nucleus, the two components have about the same degree of correlation. It is noted that the 4.37 eV period is one fourth of the 17.6 eV period observed in the even rare earth nuclei.
Relative shifts of the 3.06 eV components (E < 300 eV) 179 The Hf nucleus was taken as a reference. Figs. 3 shows the
127 177 relative shifts for odd nuclei from I to Hf, whose levels have two possible spins J = I + 1/2. In this mass range, most of the relative shifts show a correlated behavior with respect to the values of target spin; the nuclei with 1= 1/2 and 5/2 have the relative shift of (l/2)e and the nuclei with I = 7/2, except for the 147 3m nucleus, have the
1 "57 115Q relative shift of (l/6)e. The nuclei with I = 3/2 ( Gd and Tb) have either 1 = (l/6)e or (1/2)E, and in this case the correlation with the target spin is not definite. For the six nuclei where spin assignments were made to most of the levels, we obtained the relative shifts for the levels with fixed spin J. Fig. 4 shows these relative shifts. In the cases of Ho and Hf the relative shifts are separated into two values according to the spins J. In the Ho nucleus the correlation is stronger for the J = 3 level's than for the J = 4 levels, while in the
-157-
]AERI-M 89-119
Relative shifts of the 4.37 eV components (Eく 300eV) 177
The -， 'Hf nucleus with J 3
levels was taken as a reference. The
relative shifts for odd nuclei in
C
旬、!一2
' 一〉
ω一』比一工的
十herar巴 earthregion behave in a
complicated manner， but they show
a regular pattern for the nuclei
with a mass range of 232 to 242 as
is seen from Fig.2. The nuclei from 232__ 238
Th to ---U have the same relative 242
shift of -(1/6)c and the -'~Pu
ー
tム」〉
ト-4
~ ~ 1卜a::
担 2L
O
The relative shift of (1/2)c appears 232__ 236 among the nuclei ~~~Th ， ~~~U and
240 ‘ PU where isotopユccomponents
232 differ by巴venunits. The --~Th and
236 U nuclei have two periodic
components with different shifts. For 232
th巴 Th nucleus， the correlation at 2 236
at '1. -( 1/6)f:; for the --~~U nucleus， the two components have about the
Same degree of correlation. It is noted that the 4.37 eV period is one
fourth of the 17.6 eV period observed in the even rare earth nuclei.
ー
τ
Z31"h出 u町 四'u2.aPu 24Th
ー占
‘ nucleus has a relative shift of zero.
R己lativeshifts of the
(1/2)c is weaker than the one
Fig. 2
4.37 eV components.
Relative shifts of the 3.06 eV components (E < 300 eV) 179
The ~'~Hf nucleus was taken as a reference. Figs. 3 shows the 127_ 177
relative shifts for odd nuclei from ~-'I to -' 'Hf， whose levels have two
possible spins J 工土 1/2. In this mass range， most of the relative
shifts show a correlated behavior with respect to the values of target
Spini the nuclei with 1= 1/2 and 5/2 have the relative shift of (1/2)c 147
and the nuclei with 1 7/2， except for the --'3m nucleus， have the 157__ . 159
relative shift of (1/6) c. The nuclei wi th 1 3/2 (--' Gd and "~JTb) have
either ~ (1/6)c or (1/2)c， and in this case the correlation with the
target spin is not definite. For the six nuclei where spin assignments
were made to most of the levels， we obtained the relative shifts for the
levels with fixed spin J. Fig. 4 shows these relative shifts. 工n the 165__ . 177
cases of ~--Ho and -" Hf the relative shifts are separated into two
165 values according to the spins J. In the ---Ho nucleus the correlation is
stronger for the J 3 levels than for the J 4 levels， while in the
一157--
JAER1-M 89-119
0 ••
1 2 [ 2 11 1
1 . 1 » ' E t 1 I " O 2 t
f W l -1 11 6C
II
169 157 l?7. 173 147 167 177 Tm Gd i Yb Sm Er Hf
i « -L 1 = 1 1- J 1 ; I I 1 I 1
'-^H I J-3
169 T I 6 3 n I 73 u , 165. I67 r 177,., Tra Dy Yb w> Er Hf
Fig. 3 Relative shifts of the 3.06 eV components.
Fig. 4 Relative shifts of the 3.06 eV components for spin J.
177 Hf nucleus the correlation is stronger for the J = 4 levels than for
the J = 3 levels.
The periodic structures typically seen in the nuclei Er, Hf 179 and Hf seem to be mutually correlated with the level occurrence of
othor nuclei not only through the periods, but also through the relative shifts.
References 1) K. Ideno: Proc. Int. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology
(Mito, 1988) p. 783. 2) S. I. Suchoruchkin: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys: H) (1970) 285; Statistical
Properties of Nuclei (Plenum Press, N.Y., 1972) p. 215. 3) K. Ideno and M. Ohkubo: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 30 (1971) 620. 4) C. Coceva et al.: Statistical Properties of Nuclei (Plenum Press,
N.Y". , 1972) p. 447. 5) K. Ideno: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 37 (1974) 581. 6) F. N. Belyaev et al.: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.: 27 (1978) 157. 7) K. Ideno: Proc. Int. Sym. on Highly Excited States in Nuclear
Reactions (Osaka Univ., Osaka, 1980) p.83. 8) S. F. Mughabghab et al.: Neutron Cross Sections, Vol.1, Part A (1981),
Part B (1984) (Academic Press, N.Y.).
158-
JAERI-M 89-119
2
al
ハU
〉
ω}
トL一工的凶〉一」.司」凶
E
FbL
1
一2
戸炉』
1
一6
+刊2
一〉
ω}
ト比一工的凶〉一」
qJ凶匝
169_ 163~ 173... 16!¥. 167. m. T m '--Oy .. -Yb '''110ιr '''Hf
。‘
1 f叫m 157
Gd 1?7i
乃Ybqm句r
1nHf
17'y b 159Tb '63Dy '47Pm 間 Ho
115Lu
Relative shifts of the Fig. 4
3.06 eV components for spin J.
Relative shifts of the Fig. 3
3.06 eV components.
177 Hf nucleus the correlation is stronger for the J 4 levels than for
the J 3 levels.
168_ 177 The periodic structures typically seen in the nuclei ---Er， -"Hf
179 ilnd
.， -Hf seem to be mutually correlated with the level occurrence of
oth0r nuclei not on1yヒhrough the periods， but also through the relative
shifts.
References
1) K. 工deno: Proc. Int. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Techn010gy
(Mito， 1988) p. 783.
2) S. 1. Suchoruchkin: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys:辺 (1970) 285; statistical
Properties of Nuclei (Plenum Press， N.Y.， 1972) p. 215.
3) K. Ideno and M. Ohkubo: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn・ 30 (1971) 620.
4) C. Coceva et al.: Sta七isticalProperties of Nuclei (Plenum Press，
N.i.， 1972) p. 447.
5) K. Ideno: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn・37 (1974) 581.
6) F. N. Be1yaev et a1.: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.: 27 (1978) 157.
7) K. Ideno: Proc. Int. Sym. on Highly Excited States in Nuclear
Reactions (Osaka Univ.， Os叫{a，1980) p.83.
8) S. F. Mughabghab et al.: Neutron Cross Sections， Vol.1， Part A (1981)，
Part B (1984) (Academic Press， N.Y.).
-158-
J A E R I -M 8 9 - 1 19
5.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSITION PROBABILITIES IN THE NATURAL-PARITY ROTATIONAL BAND OF 1 5 7 G d
Masumi OSHIMA, Shin-ichi ICHIKAWA,* Hideki IIMURA,* Hideshige KUSAKARI,** Takashi INAMURA,*** Akira HASHIZUME*** and Masahiko SUGAWARA****
Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, JAEPJ, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Yayoi—cho, Chib<. 260, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-01 and Chiba Institute of
Technology, Shibazono, Narashino, Chiba 275
In a series of the study of rotational perturbation effects in odd nuclei, ' the 157 nucleus Gd has been investigated through multiple Coulomb excitation.
Ground-state rotational—band members from 17/2 to 23/2 states have been newly identified in Gd.
The experiment was performed using a Ni beam of 240 MeV obtained from the 157 lupporting metallic Gd, and 93
2 • . . . , , , - . n / 2 ,
157 tandem accelerator. Targets used were self—supporting metallic Gd, and 93.3 % isotopically enriched: one is about 30 mg/cm , and the other about 3 mg/cm" in thickness. Deexcitation 7 rays were measured with Compton suppressed Ge detectors by using the thick target; 77 coincidences, 7— ray angular distributions, and nuclear lifetimes were determined by the recoil distance method using the thin target.
As is shown in Fig. 1, energy levels are clearly dependent on the signature r, that is defined as '
r = exp(—iTa)
where a = +1/2 fori = 1/2, 5/2, 9/2,--•, and a = -1/2 for I = 3/2, 7/2, 11/2,---. On the contrary, reduced Ml transition probabilities, B(M1; I-J—1), do not show significant dependence on the signature.( See Fig. 2.) Usually the B(M1; l-*l-l) is much sensitive to the signature, compared to the energy level.
The present result suggests that the configuration mixing strongly affects the signature dependence of the B(Ml) values. Theoretical analysis in terms of a microscopic modpl is in progress.
- 1 5 9 -
]AERI-M 89-119
5.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSITION PROBABILITIES IN THE 157 NATURAL-PARITY ROTATIONAL BAND OF ""'Gd
* 本
Masurni OSHIMA， Shin-ichi ICHIKA W A， Hideki IIMURA， ** *本*
Hideshige KUSAKARI， Takashi 1NAMURA， Akira 本*本 司院本**
HASHIZUME 叩 dMasahiko SUGA W ARA
* Department of Physics， Department of CherniRtry， JAERI， ** Faculty of Education， Chiba University， Yayoi-cho， Chib~ 260， *** **本本
RIKEN， Wak←-shi， Saitama 351-{)1 and Chiba Institute f)f
Technology， Shibazono， Narashi:J.o， Chiba 275
1-41 1n a serits of the study of rotational perturbation effects in odd nuclei， L ~) the
157 nucleus .Lu I Gd has been investigated through multiple Coulomb excit抗ion.
Ground寸 taterotational-band members from 17/2-to 23/2-states have been newly 157 identified in LV' Gd
The experiment was performed using a Ni beam of 240 MeV obtained frorn the 157 tandem accelerator. Targets used were self→upporting rnetallic .Lu I Gd， and 93.3 %
2 isotopically enriched: one is about 30 mg/crn"， and the other about 3 rng/cm“ ln
thickncss. Dcexcitation i rays wcre rneasured with Compton suppressed Ge dctectors
by using the thick target; ii coincidences ，ヴ~ray angular distributions， and nuclear
lifetimes were determined by the recoil distance method using the thin target.
As is shown in Fig. 1， energy Jevcls are clearly dependent on the signature r， that
is defined as5)
r=田 p(-im)
where α=十1/2for 1 = 1/2， 5/2， 9/2，・・・， and α=ー1/2for 1 = 3/2， 7/2， 11/2，・ー On
the contrary， reduced Ml t即
咋nificar叫 dependenceon the signature.( Sce Fig. 2.) Usually the B(Ml; 1...1-1) is
much sensiti ve to the signature， compared to the energy levcl.
The present result suggests that the configuration rnixing strongly affects the
signatur~ dependence of the B(Ml) values. Theoretical analy由 interms of a
rnicroscopic modf'l is in progress.
-159-
J A E R I - M 89-119
5 I521J r = _i
! i i i L
s
' I 1 1 ! 1 1 !
"I T " f I T U 1 i •• - l
-
i i i i i i i i
I 1 i i 11 11 17 19 21 23
Fig. 1 Energy difference vs. l z within the 3/2—[521] rotational band of 1 5 7 G d . Closed circles denote the signature r = —i, and open ones the signature r = +i.
Fig. 2 B(M1;I-.I-1) values for the 157 ground—state rotational band of Gd
References
1) M.Oshima et al., Nucl. Phys. A436, 518 (1985). 2) M.Oshima et al., Phys. Rev. C 37, 2578 (1988). 3) E.Minehara et al., Phys. Rev. C 35, 858 (1987). 4) M.Oshima et al., Phys. Rev. C 39, 645 (1989). 5) M.J.A. de Voigt et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 55, 949 (1983).
- 1 6 0 -
]AER I-M 89-J J9
LO
r ~ +i 11
(
〉
ω
u
A
)
T r [i 上
1 1 1.0
回
¥(7HAJS同
:0
‘q
円
UマJ
F
、JTム
司
tJ
Tム
今ム"、J[
今‘d-q，』
H
N
(AlH)凶
1
{】)凶
l -
2 r
2]
2
17 19 21 マママ
11 1.J
τ ママ7τh
0.0
21 lJ
工
Fig. 2 B(Ml;I→I-1) va1ues for the 157 ground→tate rotationa1 band of ..."， Gd.
つl~
Fig. 1 Energy difference vs. r2 within 157 the 3/2一[521J rotationa1 band of ~U I Gd.
Closed circles denote the signature r =
-i， and op巴nones the signature r = +i.
Referenccs
1) :--1.0shima et心.， Nucl. Phys. A436， 518 (1985).
2) :¥LOshima et al.， Phys. Rev. C 37， 2578 (1988).
3) E.Mi問}町aet a1.， Phys. Rev. C 35， 858 (1987).
4) M.Oshima et al.， Phys. Rev. C 39， 645 (1989).
5) M.J.A. de Voigt et仏 Rev.Mod. Phys. 55， 949 (1983).
-J60-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
5.6 ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSITION PROBABILITIES IN THE NATURAL-PARITY ROTATIONAL BAND OF 1 7 3 Y b
Masumi OSHIMA, Shin-ichi ICHIKAWA, Hideki IIMURA, **
Eisuke MINEHARA, Masavuki MATSUZAKI, ffideshige *** " ****
KUSAKARI, Takashi INAMURA, Akira HASBTZUME,**** and Masahiko SUGAWARA.*****
* Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, JAERI, **
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, *** Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Yayoi—cho, Chiba 260, **** ***** RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-01 and Chiba Institute
of Technology, Shibazono, Narashino, Chiba 275
Electromagnetic transition probabilities have been studied putting emphasis on 1—71 the rotational bands based on high—j orbitals such as h.. ,„ or L„ ,„. ' These high—j
orbitals have a unique—parity character and their wave functions are more definite than those of natural—parity orbitals. Rotational perturbations are strong for the unique—parity bands and considerable signature dependence (zigzag pattern ) has been observed for the quasiparticle energies and the B(M1) values. The phase rule ' for the zigzag patterns is well established for the unique—parity bands.
1 Pi'X
In the natural—parity rotational band of Dy, the phase of the zigzag in the B(M1) values is opposite to what is expected for the dominant j = 9/2 configuration, ' ' while the quasiparticle energy splitting and the absolute value of the B(M1) are in agreement with the dominant j = 9/2 character. This "inverted" signature dependence was shown in terms of the rotating shell model to originate from the characteristic coherence between the orbital and spin contributions in the spin—down ( fl = A — 1/2 ) dominant one—quasiparticle states. ' ' In order to conflrm such a mechanism, the counterpart, i.e., the spin—up ( H = A -f- 1/2 ) dominant configuration is studied. 173 We made a Coulomb—excitation experiment on Yb whose ground-state rotational band is based on the natural—parity Nilsson state v 5/2 [512]. We have assigned levels up to J T = (27/2~) and measured -^-ray branchings, E2/M1 mixing ratios and nuclear lifetimes, and determined the absolute intraband transition probabilities up to the 25/2— state as shown in Figs. 1—3. The experimental details have been presented elsewhere. ' Here we report results of the theoretical analysis.
13) Microscopic calculation was performed based on the rotating shell model. ' In
161
JAERI-M 89-119
5.6 ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSITION PROBABILITIES IN THE 173 NATURAL-PARITY ROTATIONAL BAND OF ~'''Yb
本本Masumi OSHIMA， Shin-ichi ICHIKA W A， Hideki IIMURA，
** Eisuke MINEHARA， Masayuki MATSUZAKI，日deshige**ホ***本
KUSAKARl， Takashi IN AMURA， Akira **本* 字本本本*
HASHIZUME， and Masahiko SUGA羽TARA
本
P主fP戸artmIns“凶ti比bれ山u凶lteof Physics， University of Tsukuba.， Tsukuba， Ibaraki 305，
本ネネ
Facluty of Education， Chiba University， Yayoi-cho， Chiba 260， ***本 *本本本*
RIKEN， Wakか-shi，Saitarna 351→)1 and Chiba Institute
of Technology， Shib回 ono，Narashino， Chiba 275
Electromagnetic transition probabilities have been studied putting ernphasis on 1-71
the rotational bands based on high-j orbitals such as h11
/2 or i13/2・ JThωe high寸
orbitals have a uniqu←parity character and th巴irwave functions are rnore definite
than those of natural-parity orbitals. Rotational perturbations are strong for the
uruqu←parity bands and considerahlc signature dependence (zigzag pattern ) has been
obscrved for the quasiparticle energies and th巴日(M1)values. The phase nue8) for the
zigzag patterns is well estab!ished for th巴unique-paritybands 163 In the natural-parity rotational band of ~VVDy ， the phase of the zigzag in the
B(M1) values is opposite to what is expected for th巴dominantj = 9/2 9.10)
configuration， "， LV J wrule th巴quasiparticleenergy spLitting担 dthe absolute 叫 ueof
the B(M1) are in agreement with the dorninant j = 9/2 character. This "inverted" signature dependenc巴wasshown in terms of the rotating shell model to originate from
the characteristic coherence between the orbital and spin contributions in the 10，11) spin-down ( n = A -1/2) dorninant one-quasiparticle states.~v ， U) In order to
confirm such a mechanism， the co日nterpart，i.e.， the spin-up ( n = A + 1/2 )
dominant confi月u日 tionis studied. 173 We made a COlUornトモxcitationexperiment on ~'''Yb whose ground→tate
rotational band is based on the natural-parity Nilsson state ν5/2 r512]. We have
assigned levels up to J1r = (27/2づandmeasured r-ray branchings， E2/M1出足ng
ratios and nuclear lifetirnes， and detemuned the absolute intraband transition
probabilities up to the 25/2-state as shown in Figs. 1-3. The exp巴rirnentaldetails 121 have been presented elsewhere. ~"') Here we report results of the theoretical ana1y.sis.
131 Microscopic calculation was performed based on the rotating shell model. LU J In
l
ρ
。ー
JAERI-M 89-119
Fig. 1 B(M1;I -• 1-1) values for the ground—state rotational band of 1 7 3 Y b . The solid ( broken ) line shows the calculation with ( without ) the geometrical factor. The dotted line includes the j vibration besides the geometrical factor.
7 15 23
i 2 1
2 !
. -----~T * ; ; i / -M =J f
0 05 0 10 015 0 20 0 25
Fig. 2 AI = 1 transition quadrupole moments for the ground—state rotational band of l T\
Yb. The notations for the solid and broken lines are the same as in Fig. 1.
005 0 10 0 15 0 20
huL»,„| IMeV)
Fig.3 AI = 2 transition quadrupole moments for the ground—state rotational band of
< 0 Yb. The notations for the solid and broken lines are the same as in Fig. 1.
9 2 17 ! 2
i
f i
v—_ -r- h-{ -
* • ' ' 1 •
-
i 0.15 0.20
t l U r o | ( M e V l
this framework following important physical mechanisms are taken into account: static and dynamic triaxial deformations which are estimated to be important in the case of unique—parity orbitals, ' the many—j mixing effect which is inevitable in treating natural—parity orbitals, ' ' and many—quasiparticle configurations ' which may become yrast at very high spins. On the other hand, this framework becomes worse at low—spin states because of its semiclassical nature. In order to overcome this defect in
• 1 6 2 -
]AERI-M 89-119
13 7
c‘~~，.._---. 』ームームーに二土
ナ-ー二、~--句。
7 7 06
制審
"-
- 04 聞
司
'" 02 田
Fig.l B(M1;1.... 1-1) values for the
ground→tate rotational band of 173 Y刊b.The s叫O叫u凶d叫(b凶rok凶e阻n)川lin
shows the calculation岡山(without
) the geometrical factor. The dotted
line includes the γvibration besides
the geometrical factor.
025 020 010 015
~W ，ol 1 M.V I
005 。
77i
トナ1
rELE--fLli1↓hllt!L1JILl-』1trill
2
自
4
{auu
一-口白血】
Fig.2 t.I = 1 transition
quadrupole moments for the
ground→tate rotational band of 173 Yb. The notations for the solid
a.nd broken lines are the same as in
Fig.1.
020 015 010 由日5
h凶，01 I MeV I
， 7
2 25 2
J3i
'LSa
-F
+一『
・
4-一一一-4.，
-』、『、
一
¥lι
、
‘
、、
、
、
『
、
『
12i、¥、.「
12
日
-au
一-o
-向-
Fig.3 ム1= 2 transition
quadrupole moments for the
ground→tate rotational band of 173 Yb. The notations for the solid
and broken lines are the same as in
Fig. 1.
025 0.15 0.20
hw，ollMeVI 0.10 1白
this framework following import阻 tphysical mechanisms are taken into account: static
and dynamic triax:ial deformations which are estimated to be important in the case of 14)
山 qu←parityorbit山， l the m叩 y寸mixingeffect which is inevitablein treating 10，11) n_A _n_.. _..nn:_n.;.:nl n^" I': ~...n';^ft"15) natural-parity orbi凶 s， J阻 dmanY-<l.uasiparticle configurations
LU
) which may
become yrast at very high spins. On the other hand， this framework becomes worse at
low→pin states because of its semiclassical nature. In order to overcome this defect in
162-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
a simple manner, we adopted the "geometrical factors" proposed by Donau. ' The parameters used in the numerical calculation were as follows. We used the
single—particle space consisting of the N = 4—6 shells for neutrons and the N =
3—5 shells for protons. It means that our model space includes all the }-components which might be contained in the odd—quasineutron orbital under consideration. Quadrupole deformation parameter 5 = 0.28 was chosen so as to approximately reproduce the observed quadrupole moments of neighboring even—even nuclei. Gamma—vibrational phonons ( r = ±1 ) were taken into account up to double excitations. The calculated results with and without the geometrical factors are presented in Figs. 1—3.
The observed quantities, B(M1), B(E2; AI=1), and B(E2; AI=2), show almost no signature dependence as shown in Figs. 1—3. This appears natural for spin—up ( Q = A -I- 1/2 ) dominant one—quasiparticle bands with natural parity ' and our calculation reproduces them very well. The spin—up character in the present case is mainly due to the f_ ,„ spherical—shell—model state. Namely, the orbital under consideration
v 5/2 [512] is the counterpart to the v 5/2 [523] occupied by the last odd particle of Dy , whose dominant component is h„ ,„ after an avoided crossing. '
The B(M1) value is determined by | g- — gppA I ' n t n e rotating shell model
when one of the spherical-shell—model state j is dominant in the deformed wave function. Here g. is the Schmidt value and g n p . is calculated as '
_ < " x >
SRPA - <r> •
Consequently the absolute values of B(M1) are large ( small ) when g. is negative (
positive ) in one—quasiparticle bands where g R p » is positive. Besides the effect taken
into account by the rotating shell model, the vibrational contributions are expected to affect the B(M1) value depending on the shell structure. ' Here we discuss the role of 7 vibration in the present case.
The phenomenological gp is extracted from experimental data using a model
without the vibrational contributions. ' When the contributions are negligible, the calculated gop A a n ^ t n e phenomenological g R should coincide with each other and the
B(M1) value should be reproduced within the rotating shell model. This is true in the 173 present case of Yb ( Fig. 1 ) where the calculated g R p A varies from 0.292 to 0.283
•163-
jAERI-M 89-119
161 a simple manner， we adopted the "g巴ometricalfactors" proposed by Donau:V)
The param.eters used in the numerical calculation were as follows. We used the
single-particle space consisting of the NM~ = 4--6 she11s for neutrons and the NM~ = osc ----._---------------.--- osc
3-5 she11s for protons. It means that our model space includes all the j-components
which might be contain巴din the odd-quasineutron orbital under consideration.
Quadrupole deformation param.eter o = 0.28 was chosen so as to approximately
reproduce the observed quadrupole moments of neighboring even--even nuclei.
Gam.rna-vibrational phonons ( r =土1) were t誌eninto account up to double
巴xcitations.The calculated results with and without the geometrical factors are
presented in Figs. 1-3.
The observed q凶 ntities，B(M1)， B(E2; ~I=l)，阻d B(E2; &I=2)， show almost no
signature dependence a5 shown in Figs. 1.ト-3111 + 1/2 ) dominant on門叫勾むticlebands w肘it山hn凶a幻山山bれ比u凶l
reproduces them v巴rywell. The spin-up character in the present case is mainly due to
the f7/2 spherical→hell-mode1 state. Name1y， the orbital under consideration
v 5/2 [512] is the co凹 t町 artto the v 5/2 [523] occupied by the 1制 oddpartic1e of 163~ . _ _. _ _ 101
Dy ， whose dominant component is h9/2 after an avoided crossing.LVJ
The B(M1) value is determined by I gj -gRPA I in the rotating shell model
when one of the spherical→hell-mode1 state j is dominant in the deforrned wave 11¥
fu日ction.Here gj is the Schmidt value and gRPA is calculated asHJ
くμx>gRPA -刀x>
Consequ巴I川ythe absolut巴valuesof B(Ml)are large (small )wtm gj is negahive(
po叫 ive) in one-qua勾 articlebands where gRP A is positive. Besides the effect taken
into account by the rotating she1l model， the vibrational contributions are expected to 101 affect the B(Ml) value depe凶 ngon the shell structu児)Here we必scussthe role of
i vibration in the present case.
The phenomenological gR is extracted from experimental data using a model
171 without the vibrational contributions. L ，) When the contributions are negligible， the
calculated gRP A and the phenornenological gR should coincide with each other and the
B(M1) value should be reproduced within the rotating shell model. This is true in the 173
present case of .11 vYb ( Fig. 1 ) where the calculated gRP A
varies from 0.292 to 0.283
163-
J A E R I - M 89-119
as the rotational frequency increases, whereas the phenomenological go is 0.277 ±
0.017. ' The result is consistent with the fact that the collectivity of j vibration is 173 very weak around the nucleus Yb due to the subshell structure in the Nilsson
orbitals. ' In contrast, the calculated values of g R p , for Dy were considerably
larger than the phenomenological g R and consequently the calculated B(M1) values
were larger than the experimental ones. ' But this discrepancy has been solved by taking the 7—vibrational effects into account. '
Transition quadrupole moments dpduced from the B(E2) values are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Our rotating—shell—model calculation reproduces them well. This means that the adopted deformation parameter is adequate. The effects of the 7 vibration on them have been found negligible.
References
1) G.B.Hagemann et a l , Nucl. Phys. A424, 365 (1984); D.C.Radford et al., in contrib. to the workshop on Nuclear Structure, The Niels Bohr Institute, May, 1988.
2) M.Oshima et al., Nucl. Phys. A436, 518 (1985). 3) K.Honkanen et al., in Proc. of the American Chemical Society Meeting (1986). 4) J.Gascon et al., Nucl. Phys. A467, 539 (1987). 5) C.-H.Yu et al., Nucl. Phys. A489, 477 (1988). 6) P.Frandsen et al., Nucl. Phys. A489, 508 (1988). 7) M.Oshima et al., Phys. Rev. C 37, 2578 (1988). 8) I.Hamamoto, Phys. Lett. 106B, 281 (1981); in Proceedings of the Niels Bohr
Centennial Conference on Nuclear Structure, Copenhagen 1985, ed. R.Broglia, G.B.Hagemann, and B.Herskind (North-Holland, Amsterdam-London, 1985) p.129.
9) E.Minehara et al., Phys. Rev. C 35, 858 (1987). 10) M.Oshima et al., Phys. Rev. C 39, 645 (1989). 11) M.Matsuzaki, Phys. Rev. C 39, 691 (1989). 12) M.Oshima et al., JAERI-M Report 88-181 (1988) 134; and submitted to Phys.
Rev. C. 13) M.Matsuzaki et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. 79, 836 (1988). 14) M.Matsuzaki, Nucl. Phys. A491, 433 (1989); and references therein. 15) M.Matsuzaki et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. 77, 1302 (1987). 16) F.Donau, Nucl. Phys. A471, 469 (1987). 17) A.Bohr and B.R.Mottelson, Nuclear Structure Vol. 2 (Benjamin, New York, 1975). 18) F.Boehm et al., Phys. Lett. 22, 627 (1966).
- 1 6 4 -
jAERI-M 89・119
as the rotational frequency increases， whereas the phenomenological gR is 0.277企
18) 0.017. >V/ The result is consistent with the fact that the collectivity of 'Y vibration is
173 very weak around the nucleus > I "Yb due to the subsheU structure in the Nilsson 17) T r._ 163
orbitals. > I / In contrast， the calculated values of gRPA for >vVDy were considerably
lむ gerthan the pheno町 nologicalgR and consequently the calculated B(M1) values
10J were larger than the experimental ones:v/ But this discrepancy has been solved by 10)
taking the ')'-vibrational effects into account. >V /
Transition quadrupole moments df":l.uced from the B(E2) va1ues are shown in
Figs.2担 d3. Our rotating→hell-model calculation reproduces them well. This means
that the adopted deformation pararneter is adequate. The effects of the i vibration on
them have been found negligible.
Referenc笠
1) G.B.Hagemann et a1.， Nucl. Phys. A424， 365 (1984); D.C.Radford et al.， in contrib
to the workshop on Nuclear Structure， The Niels Bohr Institute， May， 1988.
2) ~1. 0shima et心.， Nucl. Phys. A436， 518 (1985)
3) K.:::Ionkanen et al.， in Proc. of the American Chemical Society Meeting (1986).
4) J.Gascon巴tal.， Nucl. Phys. A467， 539 (1987)目
5) C.-H.Yu et al.， Nucl. Phys. A489， 477 (1988).
6) P.Frandsen et al.， Nucl. Phys. A489， 508 (1988).
7) M.Oshima et心， Phys. Rev. C 37， 2578 (1988)
8引)μI.Ha阻I立ma包阻宜I∞to，Phys. Lett. 106B， 281 (1981); in Proceedings of the Niels Bohr
Centennial Conference on Nuclear Structure， Copenhagen 1985， ed. R.Broglia，
G.B.Hagemann， and B.Hersk.ind (North-Holland， Amsterdarn-London， 1985) p.129.
9) E.Minehara et心.， Phys. Rev. C 35， 858 (1987).
10) M.Oshima et al.， Phys. Rev. C 39， 645 (1989).
11) M.Mats田 aki，Phys. Rev. C 39， 691 (1989) 12) M.Oshima et a1.， JAERI-M Report 88-181 (1988) 134; and SI山凶民dto Phys.
RβV. C.
13) M目Matsuzakiet al.， Prog. Theor. Phys. 79，836 (1988).
14) M.Matsuzaki， Nuel. Phys. A491， 433 (1989); and references therein.
15) M.Matsuzak.i et札， Prog. Theor. Phys. 77， 1302 (1987).
16) F.Dona.u， Nucl. Phys. A471， 469 (1987). 17) A.Bohr and B.R.Mottelson， Nuclea.r Structure Vol. 2 (Benja.出n，New York， 1975).
18) F.Boehm et al.， Phys. Lett. 22， 627 (1966).
-164-
J A E R I - M 89-119
5.7 LIFETIMES AND G-FACTORS OF EXCITED STATES IN i°6Sn
Tetsuro ISHII, Mitsuhiko ISHII, Yuichi SAITO*, Mituo NAKAJIMA* and Masao OGAWA*
* Department of Physics, JAERI, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama
We have established the level scheme up to the 14 state in 1 0 6 Sn in the previous experiment ' as shown in fig.l; the lower 2*, 4* and 6* states come from a broken pair of neutrons and the others, probably, have higher seniorities. In order to confirm the nature of these states, we have measured the lifetimes and the g-factors of some of them.
Excited states in the nucleus 1 0 6 Sn were populated via the reaction 5 l V( 5 8 Ni,lp2n) with a 217MeV ^Ni beam from the JAERI tandem accelerator. The 7-ravs of 1 0 6 Sn were sorted
2) with a help of the Si-Box. ; The lifetime measurement has been done by the recoil distance method as well as the centroid-shift method of TAC spectra between particles and 7-rays. In the former we employed three stacks of foils: 5 1 V 2.4mg/cm 2 thick and Cu 9mg/cm 2 thick with separations of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25mm. The lifetimes have been measured to be 2.3±0.5ns(6*), 40±10ps(10*) and 20±10ps(14±). TheB(E2) values of the 6* and 10* states are estimated to be 3.1 W.u. and 3.9 W.u.,respectively.
The g-factors have been measured by the method of the integral perturbed angular distribution. The target used was a 5 1V foil 2.7mg/cm 2 thick backed with Gd 7.9mg/cm2
14
13
12
455
961
1161
10' • 653
n
+
1156
r
+ 1
A* 305 °> <
812
-c
1208
,• L
T1/2 20±10ps
40l10ps
2.3i 0.5 ns
106~ 5 0 ^ 5 6
Fig.l Level scheme of 1 0 a Sn. The transition energies are given in units of keV.
165-
JAERI-M 89・ 119
5.7 LIFETIMES AND G-FACTOH.S
OF EXCITED STATES IN 106Sn
Tetsuro ISHII， Mitsuhiko ISRII， キ * *
Yuir1U SAITO ，Mituo NAKAJIMA and Masao OGAWA
* Department of Physics， JAERI， Tokyo Institute of Technology， Yokohama
We have established the level scheme up to T1I2 the 14士 statein 106Sn in the previous 14 20土10psexperiment1) as shown in fig.1; the lower 2+， 455
13 4 + and 6 + states come from a broken pair of
neutrons and the others， probably， have higher 961
seniorities. In order to confirm the nature of 12 thes巴states，we have measured the lifetimes
and the g-factors of some of them.
Excited states in the nucleus 106Sn were 10" 40土10ps
populated via the reaction 5JV( 58Ni，lp2n)叩 th
a 21nleV 58Ni beam from the JAERI t臼 dem 8" accelerator. The '(-rays of 106Sn were sorted
with a help of thc Si-Box.2) The lifetim I 1156
measurement has been done by the recoil 6+ 2.3士0.5nsdistance method as well as the centroid-shift 4+ 9 :-0.1
method of T AC spectra between particles and
ウ.....rays.In the former we employed three
stacks of foils: 51V 2.4mg/cm2 thick and Cu
上:9mg/cm2 thick with separations of 1.0， 0.5 and
O.25mm. The lifetimes have been measured to
be 2.3土0.5ns(6+)，40土lQps(10+)and
20，j，lQps(14土).The B(E2) va1ues of the 6 + and 106 ;~Sn56
10+ states are estimated to be 3.1 W.u. and 3.9
W. u. ，respecti vely. The g-factors have been measured by the Fig.1 Level scheme of 106Sn.
method of the integral perturbed angular The transition energies are
distribution. The target used was a 51V foil given in units of keV.
2.7町 /c凶
165
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
thick. The 1 0 6Sn nuclei were implanted into the Gd backing which was cooled and magnetized up or down. The perturbed 7-rays angular distributions have been observed by two Ge detectos placed at ±50° to the direction of the beam. The 1 0 6Sn nucleus precessed by -4° in the 6* state. By comparison between Stone's data ' in Fe host and ours in Gd host ', the internal magnetic field of Sn in Gd was estimated to be -40kG. Together with the lifetime measured, we have obtained g(6*)^ -0.1. This negative and small g-factor indicates that the 6* states is composed of a dominent component of 1^7/2-^5/2 > with a small admixture of (vgi/i)2 ; g( I ^7/2- ( 5/2 >)=-0.072 and g d ^ g ^ ) 2 >)=+0.42. Furthermore a small rotation(< 1°) was observed for the 8* state of I 0 6Sn having experienced the transient magnetic field. This suggests that higher excited states proceeding the 14 state have a small g-factor and are probably neutron-like. So are the states with spins 10* to 14 because no long-lived isomer intervenes among them.
References 1) T. Ishii et al , JAERI-M 88-181 131(1988) 2) M. Ishii et al , in Nuclei off the line of Stability(ed. R. A. Meyer and D. S. Brenner,
A.C.S, Washington D.C, 1986) ch. 75 3) Stone,N. J , in Nuclei off the line of Stability(ed. R. A. Meyer and D. S. Brenner,
A.C.S, Washington D.C, 1986) p.350 4) T. Ishii et al , to be submitted to Z. Physik, 'Static Hyperfine Interaction in Ba and
Light Rare-Earth Ions Recoil-Inplanted into Gd Host'
- 1 6 6 -
JAER[-M 89-119
truck. The I06Sn nuclei were implanted into the Gd backing which was cooled and
magnetized up or down. The perturbed 7-rays angular distributions have been observed
by two Ge detectos placed at %500 to the direction of the beam. The I06Sn nucleus
precessed by -40 in the 6+ state. By cornparison between Stone's data3) in Fe host and
ours in Gd host4)， the internal rnagnetic field of 5n in Gd was estimated to be →OkG.
Together with the lifetime measured， we have obtained g(6+)~ -0.1. This negative and srnall g-factor indicates that the 6+ states is cornposed of a dorninent cornponent of
Ivg7/2・vd5/2> with a srnall admixture of (唱7/2)2; g( I唱7/2・Vd5/2> )=-0.072 and
g( I (vg7/2)2 > )=+0.42. Furtherrnore a small rotatio叫く 10)was observed for the 8 +
state of I06Sn having experi巴ncedthe transient rnagnetic field. Trus suggests that higher 土
excited states proceeding the 14~ state have a srnall g-factor and are probably 土
neutron-like. 50 are the states with spins 10+ to lC because no long-lived isomer
intervenes arnong thern.
References
1) T. Isrui et al.， JAERI-M 88-181 131(1988)
2) M. Ishii et al.， in Nuclei off the line of Stability(ed. R. A. Meyer and D. S. Brenner，
A.C.S.， Washi時 tonD.C.， 1986) ch. 75
3) Stone，N. J.， in Nuclei offthe lin巴ofStability( ed. R. A. Meyer and D. S. Brenner，
A.C.S.， Washington D.C.， 1986) p.350
4) T. Ishii et al.， to be submitted to Z. Physik， 'Static Hyperfine Interaction in Ba and
Light Rare-Earth Ions ltccoil-Inplanted into Gd Host'
-166
JAERI-M 89-119
5.8 NUCLEAR STRUCTURE OF 'osin
Tetsuro ISHII, Mitsuhiko ISHII, Yuichi SAITO , Mituo NAKAJIMA and Masao OGAWA
* Department of Physics, JAERI, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama
We have studied the nuclear structure of 1 0 5 In . 1 0 5 In nuclei were produced by bombarding siv with a 217MeV 5 8Ni beam from the JAERI tandem accelerator. The p - 7 and p—7-7 coincidences have been taken by selecting the exit channel to 1 0 5 In with a help of the Si-Box. ' The level scheme obtained is shown in fig.l. The spin-parity assignment is based on the level scheme of the nucleus I 0 7 In ' because there exists one to one correspondence in the 7~7Coincidences between most of 7-rays from these two nuclei. The lower three excited states with spins 13/2*, 17/2* and 21/2* consist of the proton hole trigs/?)'1
coupling with the 2*, 4* and 6* states in 1 C 6Sn, respectively.
21/2 19/2+
I7/21
13/2
^ O i l i D l
25/2" T 25/2"
23/2"
CMI
r 23/2" CD! mi
1
23/2
21/2"
9/2
19/2" T T 19/2"
CD
CD ••3-CM
1 1
1
< H — T 1
CD ••3-CM
O CM 1
r--CM1 '
CD 1 '
350
CM
m 992
• 105T
49-'-n56
Fig.l Level scheme of 1 0 5 In.
References 1) M.Ishii et al., in Nuclei off the line of Stability(ed. R.A. Meyer and D.S. Brenner,
A.C.S., Washington D.C., 1986) ch.75 2) E. Anderssonet al., Phys. Rev. C24(1981)917
- 1 6 7 -
]AER I-M 89司 119
NUCLEAR STRUCTURE OF 105In
Tetsuro ISHII， Mitsuhiko ISHII， * 本*
Yuichi SAITO ， Mituo NAKAJIMA and Masao OGA WA
5.8
* Departrnent of Physics， J AERI， Tokyo Institute of Technology， Yokoharna
27/2 ------....-一一一
2512-一一ι一一一-
2312-~一一-
21/2-→γ-
<D了 01 01 α01 れ， "-'1
2z::E「E「一一↓-l l 17/l~
111/一一
We have studied the nuclear structure
of 105In . l05In nuclei were produced by
bornbarding 51V with a 2l7MeV 58Ni
bearn from the JAERI tandem
accelerator. Tbe P-i and P-r--i
coincidences have been taken by
5巴lectingthe exit channel to l05In with a
help of the Si-Box.1) The level scheme
obtained is shown in fig.l. The
spinト一pantyass釘19n立rne白印ntis based on the
le巴V陀els氏che児悶Eαrr問 ofth 巴nucleus 川 In2)
because there exists one to on巴
correspondence in the ;-icoincidences
between rnost of今 一ravsfrom these two
nuclei. The lower thrce e..xcited states
y，;th spins 13/2+， 17/2+ and 21/2+
C∞on山5coupling with the 2¥4+and6+staもesin
IC6Sn， respectively
E
TaA
5
0
1
p'&
nu OM m
alw tn
piv nD
l
ρLV V
ρLV YU
噌
Eムσ白・lpム
References
1) M.Ishii et al目， in Nuclei off the line of Stability(ed. R.A. Meyer and D.S. Brenner，
A.C.S.， Washington D.C.， 1986) ch.75
2) E. Andersson et a!.， Phys. Rev. C24(1981)917
-167-
J A E 3 I-M 89-119
5.9 INVARIANT FISSION PATH IN THE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PARAMETER SPACE
Akira IWAMOTO and Toshiki. KINDO
Department of Physics, JAERI
The spontaneous fission is considered as a multi—dimensional penetration problem in the parameter space. We do not, however, have the standard method to treat this problem. The adiabatic model, which defines the fission path as the vallev Line in the
1 °) fission potential, is frequently used as an approximation. Some groups ' " ; pointed out, however, that the action integral along the adiabatic path dose not lead to the minimum action. In addition, the adiabatic model has a serious defect that the path and the action along it depend on the choice of the coordinate system ; . On the other hand, the methods used in Refs.l and 2 involve considerable amount of calculations and are almost impossible to be applied to the three—or more—dimensional problem with good accuracy. We consider two models for the calculation of the fission half—life which are invariant with respect to the coordinate transformation. First one is the application of the model of Schmid ' . .Another one is the invariant adiabatic model ', which has a feature of the adiabatic model and is invariant with respect to the coordinate transformation.
We treat only the symmetric fission and neglect the shell effect on the potential and mass tensors. The shape parameters are taken from the two—center shell model in which we use two parameters, center separation z and the spheroidal deformation parameter of
5) fragments S. The potential energy is calculated by the Yukawa—plus—exponential model '
and the mass tensors by the Werner—Wheeler method '.
We start from the Schrodinger equation,
1i{z,S) = E#z ,6) , (1)
where E is the energy eigenvalue and the Hamiltonian J is assumed as
^-rlxT^-^M)!^ + v(z,s), (2)
where x> = z or 5. Here we generalized the assumption of constant masses used by Schmid ' to the the coordinate-dependent mass tensors for use in the fission study. In the classically forbidden region, we put the wave function in the ft—expansion form and insert it
-168 -
]AE.<j-M 89-119
5.9 INVARlANT FISSION PATH IN THE :¥WLTI-DIMENSIONAL
PARAMETER SPACE
Akira rWA;¥lOTO臼 dToshiki. KINDO
Department of Physics， JAERI
The spontむ 1白 usfission is considered as a. multi-di.mensiona.l penetration problem
in the pararneter spaαWe do not， however， have the sta.ndard method to treat this
problem. The adia.batic model， which defines the fission path as the va.iley Line in the 1 'Jl
fission potentia.l， is irequently usedお臼 appro氾 ma.tlOn困 Somegroups""") pointed out，
however， that the action integra.l a.long the a.diabatic path dose not !ead to the rninimum
action. In a.ddition、theadiabatic model has a serious defect that the pa.th a.nd the a.ction
alo時 iidepenci on ，he choice oi the coordi日 tesystem3). On the other ha.nd， the methods
used in Refs.l臼a.2 involve consia.erable arnount of ca.lculations a.nd are almost impossible
to be叩 pLiedto the thre←or more-di.mensiona.l problem with good accuracy. We consider
two models ior the calcw.a.tion of the fi.ssion ha.lf→ife which紅白 inva.ri担twith respect to
the coo出回tetransformation. First one is the application of the model of Schrnie)目
Another one is the inva.ria.nt a.diabatic mOdel3)， which has a feature of the adiabatic model
ana. is lllVa.ria.nt with respect to the coord.inate transformation.
We treat oIUy the 5戸nmetricfission a.nd neglect the shell effect on the potentia.l and
mass tensors. The shape pararneters are taken from th巴tw←切ntershell model in which
we use t wo parameters， center separation z a.nd the spheroida.l deformation parameter of
fragments 8. The potentia.l energy is ca.lculated by the Yu.ka.wa.-plus一位pon但 tia.lmodel5)
and the ma.ss tensors bv the Werner-Wheeler method6).
九Vesta.rt企omthe Schrδdinger equation，
l1t(z，6) = Eゆ(z，o)， )
唱E4(
where E is the energy eigenva.lue and the HarniItonia.n 1 is assumed as
九2a Z=-T百dM吐)ii(z，o)百r+ V(z，o)， (2)
where xi == z or ιHere we generaLized the assumption of consta.nt masses used by
Schrnie) to the the coordinate-Dependent mass tensors for use in the fission study. In the
c1assica.l1y forbidden region， we put the wave function in the n，・-expansionform and insert it
--16B
J A E R I - M 89-119
the method of Schmid
into eq.(l). Equating the terms of equal power of ?i, we obtain in the leading order the eikonal equation. This equation can be solved by the method of characteristics. Following
we can find numerically the escape path which gives a minimum, action integral among the possible paths. From the derivation of this model, it is clear that the escape path is invariant with respect to the coordinate transformation. To distinguish this path from other paths which will be given below, we call this path as the invariant dynamical path.
Our Werner—Wheeler mass is an approximation to the incompressible and irrotational flow mass. In the fission study, it is necessary to introduce the factor k s 7 ' to renor r -'•' - the mass. We introduce the fitting parameter k to the mass corresponding to the fissioning motion '.
In Fig.(l), the potential energy and fission paths for the spontaneous fission of 236U are shown. The solid line is the escape path and the dashed line is the usual adiabatic path which is defined as the line passing the saddle point and is always orthogonal to the equipotential surface. From this figure, we see a large difference between two fission paths. The origin of this difference is the effect of kinetic energy which is neglected in the adiabatic treatment.
Fig.l The potential energy surface for the fission of 2 3 6 U . The equipotential surfaces shown by thin solid lines are plotted in units of MeV. The solid line is the escape path and the dashed line is the usual adiabatic path for the spontaneous fission. The invariant adiabatic path is not shown because it almost coincides with the escape path for this nucleus.
The WKB action S is written in the form,
S = j ds [ 2 { V ( x ( s ) ) - E } . ^ l M S i ^ # . (3)
where s is an arbitrary parameter and the integration is performed along a fixed path. If we choose the escape path for the integration and denote the action integral by Ses, the
-169 —
l
]AERI-M 89-119
into eq.(l). Equating the terms of equal power of 7t， we obtain in the leading order the
eikonal eouation・This，equationc旦nbe solved by the method of characteristics. Foilowing
the method of Schm.id"'J， we c日 findnumerically the escape path which gives a m.inimum
Fig.l The potentia.l energy surfa.ce for
the fission of 236U. The equipotentia.l
surfaces shown by thin solid lines a.re
plotted in units of :VleV. The solid line
is the escape path a.nd the dashed line is
the usual adia.batic path for the
spontaneous fission. The invaria.nt
a.dia.ba.tic path is not shown because it
almost coinddes with the es臼 pepath
fcr tbis nucleus.
action integral among the possible paths.
From the derivation of this model， it is clear
that the escape path is invariant叩threspect
to the coordinate transformation. To
distinguish this path仕omother paths which
will be given below， we call this pa.th as the invari臼 tdyna皿icalpath.
Our Werner-Wheeler mass is a且
approxima.tion to the incompressible 担 d
irrotationa.l [low ma.ss. In. the fission study， it is necessary to introduce the factor k ;;: 77) to
renor 内 1: 、 the mass. We introduce the
fitting parameter k to the ma.ss coロespondi旦g
to the fissioning motion3).
In Fig.(1)， the potenti心 energy姐 d
fission paths for the sponta.neous fissiou of
236U are shown. The solid line is the escape
path a.nd the dashed line is the usual. adiabatic
path which is defined as the line pa.ssing the
sa.ddle point a.nd is always orthogonal. to the
equipotential surface. From this figure， we
see a large difference between two tIssion
paths. The origin of this difference is the
effect of k.inetic energy which is neglected in
the adiabatic treatment.
The WKB action S is written in the form，
s= f 白 [2{V(主(s)川幸町jザl~ (3)
where s is an arbitrary parameter and the integration is performed a.long a. fixed pa.th. If
we choose the escape path for the integration阻 ddenote tb.e a.ction integra.l by Ses， the
169-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
fission half—life T| is expressed as, 1
T, = (§1) ezp(-2Sa/\), (4)
where u is the typical frequency of the nuclear surface vibration and is fixed as JUJ/2 = 0.5MeV in the following numerical calculations.
To obtain the escape path numerically is, however, not easy. Therefore, we propose an alternative model which is invariant with respect to the coordinate transformation and at the same time, is easy to calculate. To define it, we start by solving the equation,
Fig.2 The figure showing the concept of the invariant adiabauc path. M represents the minimum (ground state deformation) point and S represents the saddle point of the potential. The dashed lines are the equipotential surfaces and a solid line in the upper part is the equipotential surface whose energy is the same as point M. Thin solid lines with arrows are solutions of eq.(5). The line a-a' defines the invariant adiabatic path.
**&-dV dx1 " (5)
Here s stands for an arbitrary parameter. As was shown in eq.(3), the WKB action does not depend on s but depends only on the shape of the trajectory determined from eq.(5). We show in Fig.2, the solution of this equation for a simple potential which has one minimum and one saddle point. The dashed lines in this figure are the equipotential energy surfaces and the solid lines with arrows are the solution of eq.(5). Paths obeying this equation have two asymptotes and we define the asymptote a—a' as the new adiabatic path. This adiabatic path is invariant with respect to the coordinate transformation,
Mi
x 1 -* qV
^ l - - g q - r M T 3 q T ' (6)
The WKB action for this adiabatic path can be calculated by eq.(3) and the corresponding life time is obtained by using eq.(4). New adiabatic action is invariant with respect to the
170-
JAERI・M 89-119
hSion half4ife Ti ISEXpmsed as，
Tj=(デ)州-2Ses/九)， ( 4)
where Iu is the typica.l frequency of the nucIear surf30ce vibr3otion担 jis fuced as Yt，w/2 = O.5MeV in the folIowing numerica.l ca.lcul3otio回.
Fig.2 The figure showing the concept of
th巴 invariant adiabatic path. M
represents the回出 血um(ground st30te
deformation) point and S represents the
saddle point of the potential. The
dashed lines 30re the equipotential
surf30ces and a solid line in the upper
pむ isthe equipotentia.l surf30ce whose
energy is the same 30s point M. Thin
solid lines with arrows 30re solutions of
eq目(5). The line a-a' defir闇 the
lllvanant品d.iabaticpath.
To obtain the escape path numerically
is， however， not easy. Therefore， we propose
an alternative model which is invariant with
respεct to the coordin3ote transforma.tion and
a.t the same time， is easy to ca.lcul3ote. To
defi.ne it， we start by solving the equa.tion，
dx; av Mij t=百 7・ (5)
Here s stands for an arbitrarァp3or3o皿eter. As
wぉ shownin eq.(3)， the WKB a.ction does
not depend on s but depends only on the
sh30pe of the tr3ojector了 determined from
問・(5). We show in Fig.2， the solution of this equ3otion for a simple potential which. h.as one
minimu血 andone saddle point. The dash.ed
lines in this figure are the equipotential
energy surf30ces and the 印刷出償問tharrows
are the solution of eq.(5). P30ths obeying this
equation h.a.ve two asymptotes and we define
the asymptote 30-30' 30s the new 30diabatic path.
This a.diahatic path is invariant with respect
to the coordinate transformation，
Xi.... qi ，
dx.i... dx.i Mij.... ~l= 丙i-.Mij'丙~ • (6)
The WKB action for this adiab30tic path c30n be ca.lculated by eq.(3) and the corresponding
uぬtim巴 isobtained by using eq.(4). Newadiabaもica.ction is inva.出ntwith respect to the
-170-
. ' • i b P I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
coordinate transformation and we call this path as ;he invariant adiabatic path.
WKB actions were calculated along two invariant p.iths (dynamical and adiabatic) and along the usual adiabatic path for the spontaneous fission of 3 3 a U and 2 t a P o . For 2 3 a U , the "experimental" action, which is calculated from eq.(4) Ly using the fission half—life data is about 53TL The value of k=23 for 3 3 8 U is necessary for the invariant actions (they differ within 1%) to agree with the experimental data and k=15, for the usual adiabatic action to agree with the data. For 3 1 2 Po, k=20 is rather arbitrary chosen. In this case, calculations show that two invariant paths give the values of actions 887). and 90fi, respectively. They deviate only 2% but the usual adiabatic path gives the value 114a.
In conclusion, we showed that the method of Schmid works well for the calculation of the 6ssion half—life if we treat the mass tensors as coordinate—dependent quantities. The method gives us the fission path which minimizes the action integral and which is invariant with respect to the coordinate transformation. An alternative model we proposed is a new adiabatic model, in which the path is also invariant with respect to the coordinate transformation. In addition, the path is a good approximation to the minimum action path. We insist that this definition of the adiabatic path should be used in place of the commonly used adiabatic path which is coordinate dependent. Two methods we proposed are applicable for the decay process in the strongly—coupled multi—dimensional parameter space which can not be reduced into the product of one—dimensional subspace.
References 1. M. Brack et.al., Rev.Mod.Phys.44 (1972) 320. 2. A. Baran et.al., Nucl.Phvs.A361 (1981) 83. 3. T. Kindo and A. Iwamoto, Phys.Lett.B. in press. 4. A. Schmid, Ann.Phys.I70 (1986) 333. 5. H.J. Krappe, J.R. Nix and A.J. Sierk, Phys.Rev.C20 (1979) 992. 6. K.T.R-Davies, A.J. Sierk and J.R. Nix, Phys.Rev.Cl3 (1976) 2385. 7. J. Rundrup et.al., Nucl.Phvs.A217 (1973) 221.
- 171-
;包ι;:>[-1¥189-11>.1
c∞rdinate tra田 formationa.nd we call thls path as ~he invaria.nt adiabatic path.
WKB actions were c比叫ated心ongtwo invaria.nt p.'l.ths (d戸山cal臼 dadiabat同
組 dalong the usual孟diabaticpath for the sponta.neous fissiOTl of 23eu a.nd 2l2PO. Foτ 2l6U，
the "experimental" action， which is calculated from eq.( 4)じyusing the fission halfー 凶
data is about 53九 Thevalue of k==23 for mU is necessary for the inv白血tactions (they
differ明 thin1 %) to agree wi th the experimental data姐 dk= 15， for th巴 usualadia.batic
action to agree with the data. For 1l2PO， k=20 is rather a.rbitrary chosen. In thlsは se，
C且lculations show that two invariant paths give the values of actio田 88T1.a.nd 90Tl.，
respectively. They deviate only 2% but the usual a.diabatic path give古 thevalue 114ft..
In conclusion， we showed that the method of Schmid works well for the calculation
oI the fission half-liII巴 ifwe treat the mass tensors as c∞.a.inate-dependent qu臼 tities.
The method gives us the fission path whlch minimizes the a.ction integral a.nd whlch is
lllVa.rl阻 twith respect to the coordinate tra.nsformation. An alternative model we proposed
is a new adiabatic model， in which the path is also invariant with respect to the coordinate
tra.nsformation. h addition， the path is a good叩 prox::imationto the IDlillmum action
path. We insist仇atth.i.s de戸π低onof仏εa.d必baticpω九sho1Jldbe 'lJ.Sed in pla.ce of仇ε
comrrwniyωed. a.d iab atic Pωhωhにhi.s coordina.te dependent. Two methods we proposed
a.re applicable for the decay process in the strongly-coupled multi-dimensional pa.rameter
space which ca.n not be reduced into the product oi one-dim巴nsionalsubspace.
Referen倒
1. ~L Brack et.al.， Rev.~fod.Phys些(1972) 320
2. A. Bむ阻 et.al.，Nucl.Physι謹よ (1981)83.
3. T. Kindo a.nd A. Iwamoto， Phys.Lett.B. in press.
4. A. Sclunid， An且.Phys.江Q(1986) 333.
5. H.J. Krappe， J.R. Nix a.nd A.J. Sierk， Phys.Rev.C20 (1979) 992.
6. K.T.RDavies， A.J. Sierk回 dJ.孔 Nix，Phys.Rev.C13 (1976) 2385.
I. J. Rundrup et.al.， Nucl.Phys.A217 (1973) 221.
171--
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
5.10 STRUCTURE OF ACTINIDE NUCLEI AND THE SPDF BOSON MODEL
Michiaki SUGITA and Takaharu OTSUKA*
Department of Physics, JAERI, Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
We have investigated the structure of the actinide nuclei and the a decay in terms of the spdf'boson model 1 _ 5 ) . In the present article, we will mainly discuss KT=Q* bands. On the other topics concerned with the spd/boson model, refer to Ref.1"3).
In some actinide nuclei, one finds an excited K =0* band which has the following unusual properties:
(i) The moment of inertia is larger by a factor of si.5 than that of the ground band, while the excitation energy is as low as the energy of the 7 bands
(ii) The a-decay width to this band is relatively large (hindrance factor slO). [We have called this band super j5 band to distinguish it from the usual 0 bands 4).]
We have studied side bands of the actinide nuclei, including this band, in terms of the spdf'boson model 1 - 3 ) . We take 2 2 8Th as an example. The energy and the wave function are obtained by the angular-momentum and parity projected Tamm—Dancoff approximation 4 ) , where all possible if—values are included in the standard diagonalization procedure. Therefore, all states are exactly orthogonal, while K—values can stand only for major component in general.
By using the Hamiltonian containing six free parameters 4 ), the theoretical energy levels in Fig. 1 are obtained. There are two excited K =0 bands in the calculated bands; the one with higher energy is the usual 0 band which has the same moment of inertia as the ground band, whereas the l^wer one has a larger moment of inertia.
172
JAER]-M 89-]]9
5.10 STRUCTURE OF ACTINIDE NUCLEl
AND THE SPDF BOSON MODEL
Michiaki SUGITA and Takaharu OTSUKA
• Department of Physics， JAERI， Department of Physics， University
01 Tokyo
We have investigated the structure of the actinide nuclei and the αdecay in
terms of the spdfboson model 1-5). ln the present article， we will mainly discuss K1T" =0.
bands. On the other topics concerned with the spdfboson model， refer to Ref.I-3).
In some actinide nuclei， one finds an excited K1T"=O. band which has the following
unusual properties:
(i) The moment of inertia is larger by a factor of :::1.5 than that of the ground
band， while the excitation energy is as low as the energy of the 'Y bands (ii) The a-decay width to this band is relatively large (hindrance factor :::10)
[We have called this band s叩 ers band to distinguish it from the usual s bands 4).] Eνe have studied side bands of the actinide nuclei， including this band， in terms
of the spdfboson model 1-3). Wc take 228Th as an example. The energy and the wave
function are obtained by the angular-momentum and parity projected Tamm-Dancoff
approximation 4)， where all possible K-values are included in the standard
diagonalization procedure. Therefore， all states are exactly orthogonal， while K-values can stand only for major component in general.
By using the Harniltonian containing six合eeparameters 4)， the theoretical 両， φ
energy levels in Fig. 1 are obtained. There are two excited K"=O bands in the
calculated bands; the one with higher energy is the usual s ba.nd which has the sa.me
moment of inertia as the ground band， whereas the l"wer one has a larger moment of
inertia.
172
!
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 19
The lower one corresponds to the observed K =0 band at £c=832 keV 6). Although the usual 0 band has not been confirmed experimentally, the fourth 2 state at £:c=980 keV seems to be a good candidate for the 2. band member8). The agreement between
theory and experiment is quite good for all bands in Fig. 1. It is of much interest to locate the other members of the usual 0 band experimentally.
exp
228
90 Th
138 th. exp th.
4 3"
. 2 " - K
1
4*
1
''
8* —
9" —
I -2 ' —
K = 2
r
4 3"
. 2 " - K = 2
2 0
K = 0 +
1 0 + —
a* —
9" —
7" — 0 K = G f
4 " 3 — 2~ K = 2~
6 *
5" —
r— 6 * -
5" —
r—
G *
4 * —
o * — ICO*
K=0 " 4 + -t
2
o f — K = 0 +
K = 0 "
228 F'g. 1 Experimental (exp.) [ref. 6) and theoretical (th.) energy levels of T h .
+
The o-decay widths to the 0 states of the super and the usual 0 band are evaluated with the following operator V) :
T[a,L=0) = o-o ( V sj + a, ( p ^ ) 4- a, (dT- \) + <*3 (f/jv)
where a's are parameters and (•) stands for the scalar product. We have calculated the a-decay width for 2 3 2 U -• J 2 8 Th + a. The resultant hindrance factor is 15 for the super 0 band, whereas it is 69 for the usual 0 band. Experimentally 7), the value for the former is about 10, which does not differ much from the calculation. The hindrance factor for the usual 0 band has not been measured yet, but is expected to be large7).
- 173
J AE R 1・M 89 -1 1 9
rφ 、The lower one correspoods to the observed K"=O band at Ex=832 keV d). Altho'lgh
the usual s band has i10t b田 nconfirmed experimentally， the fourth 2 state at Ex=980
keV seems to be a good candidate for the 2βband memberd)・Theagreer田川 between
theory回 dexperiment is quite good for all bands in Fig. 1. It is of much interest to
locate the other members of the usual s band experimentally.
exp f h 一一 一 一一寸
φ
4 4一一
す 3一一 3t一一 + 4;_2--:: ー っ+ー 4ヶー
3: --K-2 守 +ー+令 42'一一 + 一一つ‘ ~O'- 9 )(-z"' 2一一 ー二二
。?ー-守.， ー十 2 一一 r '~_()'2'- 2 K-2' 0'=ー
一 K -0 ~t 二二 K-2 〉・ r K-0+ U 十 7- s vK .. ，+ ι 司ミニ 8' -- fJ K-O 8'_
予〈
、"'~ - 5 -
64一一守心一一 61'一
4+__ K-O 4す一- K-O + 令 2 _
ハ ウL ーーーーυ 与 口十一一 。t_一一
K -0' K -0+
228 F:g. 1 ExperimentaJ (exp.) [ref. 61 and theoreticaJ (th.) energy level. of ~~-Th.
The a---<iecay widths to the 0 states of the super and the usual s band are
evaluated with the following 0perator い)
ηα，L=O) =α。(s7r・su)+αI(P7r・pv)+αdd.7r・d)+α3 (f7r'ん)
where α's are parameters and (・)stands for the scalむ product.We have calculated
the合-decaywidth for 232U→228Th +α. The resultant hindrance factor is 15 for the
super s band， whereas it is 69 for the usual s b臼 d.Experimentally 7)， the value for the former is about 10， which does not differ much from the calculation. The
hindrance factor for thc usual s band has not been measured yet， but is expected to be largeT).
173-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
The expectation values of the sum of the p and /bosons are 0.2, 1.3 and 1.5 for + - + +
the 0 P 0 t and 0 2 states, respectively. As expected, the 0; state contains small amount
of the negative—parity bosons, while the values for the 0 ( and 0 2 states are similar. +
Because of this, the present description of the 0 2 (i.e., super P) band contradicts the
naive picture that it is the double excitation state of the octupole phonon. In fact, the observed anharmonicity is too strong to accept the double-phonon ansatz.
In summary, we would like to emphasize that the spdj'boson model can provide us with a comprehensive description of various interesting aspects of actinide nuclei within a single framework.
References
1) T. Otsuka and M. Sugita, Phys. Lett. B209 (1988) 140 2) T. Otsuka and M. Sugita, Proceedings of the International Conference on
Contemporary Topics in Nuclear Structure Physics, P.385 (Cocoyoc, Mexico, June 9—14, 1988)
3) T. Otsuka and M. Sugita, JAERI-M 88-100, P.27 (Report on the Joint Seminar on Heavy-ion Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Chemistry in the Energy Region of Tandem Accelerators (III))
4) T. Otsuka and M. Sugita, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 58 (1989) Suppl. P.530 (Proceedings of the Fifth Int. Conf. Clustering Aspects in Nuclear and Sub-nuclear Systems, Kyoto, July 25—29, 1988)
5) M. Sugita and T. Otsuka, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Developments of Nuclear Cluster Dynamics, P.88 (Sapporo, Japan, 1-3 August 1988)
6) J. Dalmasso et al, Phys. Rev. C3 (1987) 2510 7) W. Kurcewicz et al., Nucl. Phys. A289 (1977) 1
- 1 7 4 -
JAERj-~j 89-119
The expectation values of the surn of the p and fbosons are 0.2， 1.3 and 1.5 for +
the 0[> O[ and O2 states， respectively. As expected， the O[ state contains srnall arnount +
of the negativ巴-paritybosons， whiJ巴thevalues for th巴O[and O2 states are sirnilar.
+ Because of this， the present description of the O2 (i.e.， super s) band contradicts th巴
naive picture that it is the double excitation state of the octupole phonon. In fact， the
observed anharrnonicity is too strong to accept the double-phonon ansatz.
In surnrnary， we would like to ernphasize that the spdfboson rnodel can provide
us with a cornprehensive description of various interesting aspects of actinide nuclei
wi thin a single frarnework.
References
1) T.Ots叫 aand M. Sugita， Phys. Lett. B209 (1988) 140
2)τOts此 a.and 1¥1. S日gita，Proceedings of the International Conf，巴renceon
Contempυrary Topics in Nuclear Structure Physics， P .385
(Cocoyoc， Mexico， June 9-14，1988)
3) T. Otsuka and M. Sugita， JAERI-M 8ι100， P.27 (H.eport on the Joint Serninar on Heavy-ion N町 learPhysics and Nuclear
Chemistry in the Energy Region of Tandem Accelerators (III))
~) T. Otsuka and M. Sugita， J. Phys. So.::. Japan 58 (1989) S叩 pl.P.530
(Proceedings of the Fifth Int. Conf. Clωtering Aspects in Nuclear and
Sub-nuclear Systems， Kyoto， July 25-29， 1988)
5) M. Sugita and T. Ots此a，Proceedings of the International Syrnposiurn on
Developments of Nuclear Cluster Dynamics， P.88
(Sapporo， Japan， 1-3 August 1988)
6) J. Dalrnasso et al.， Phys. Rev. C3 (1987) 2510
7) W. Kc.rcew[cz et al.， Nucl. Phys. A289 (1977) 1
174
J
JAER 1-M 89-1 19
VI NEUTRON P H Y S I C S
- 1 7 5 - U 7 6 ) -
]AERI-M 89-119
¥1 NEUTRON PHYS 1 CS
175-(176)ー
JAERI-M 89-1 19
6.1 SCATTERING OF 28.15 MeV NEUTRONS FROM C
Yoshimaro YAMANOUTI, Masayoshi SUGIMOTO, Satoshi CHIBA, Motoharu MIZUMOTO, Yukinobu WATANABE* and Kazuo HASEGAWA**
Department of Physics, JAERI, *Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, ** Department of Nuclear Engineering, Tohoku University
Neutron scattering cross sections in the energy range above 20 MeV are of great importance for deeper understanding of the nucleon-nucleus
12 interaction. For the neutron scattering on C in the energy range above 20 MeV, elastic and inelastic scattering at incident energies of 20.8,
1) 2) 22, 24 and 26 MeV , and at an incident energy of 21.6 MeV has been studied, and differential cross sections for elastic scattering at
3) 40 MeV have been reported . In this work differential cross sections 12 for elastic and inelastic scattering of neutrons on C were measured
at an incident enery of 28.15 MeV in order to study the reaction mechanism for the neutron scattering in the energy region around 30 MeV
1' and the collective nature of "C. These experimental data were analyzed by the optical model and the coupled-channel(CC) theory, and compared with proton scattering in the framework of the Lane model.
The measurements were performed with the pulsed beam time-of-flight technique. A pulsed beam of protons with a repetition rate of 4 MHz and with a burst duration of about 2 nsec was provided by the JAERI tandem electrostatic accelerator. Neutrons were generated by the Li (p,n) Be reaction. A lithium-metal target with proton energy loss of 450 KeV was used as a neutron producing target. The neutron detector is a 20 cm in diam by 35 cm thick NE213 liquid scintillator viewed by RCA 8854 photo-multiplier tubes at the front and rear scintillator faces. Neutrons were observed by an array of these four neutron detectors for efficient measurements of scattered neutrons.
Fig.l shows a neutron time-of-flight spectrum obtained at 60°. The efficiency of the neutron detector was determined by measuring the angular distribution of neutrons from the H(n,n) H reaction. The differential cross sections were normalized to the known n-p scattering differential cross sections by measuring neutrons scattered from
-177-
]AERI-M 89-119
12 6.1 SCATTERING OF 28.15 MeV NEUTRONS FROM --C
Yoshirn且roYAMANOIJTI， Masayoshi SUGIMOTO， Satoshi Cl!IBA，
Notoharu MIZUMOTO， Yukinobu ¥，ATANABE*
and Kazuo HASEGAWA六六
Department of Physics， JAERI， *Department of Nuclear
Eng工neering，Kyushu University， 六台 Departrnent of
Nuclear Engineering， Tohoku University
Neutron scattering cross sections in the energy range above 20 MeV
aγe of great importance for deeper understanding of the nuc1eon-nuc1eus 12
interaction. For the neutron scattering on --C in the energy range above
20 MeV， e1astic and ine1astic scattering at incident energies of 20.8，
22， 24 and 26 MeV1)， and at an incident energy of 21.6 MeV2) has been
studied， and differD ntia1 cross sections for e1astic scattering at 3)
40 MeV have been rιported~/. In this work differentia1 cross sections 12
for elastic and inelastic scattering of neutrons on --C were measured
at an incident enery of 28.15 MeV in order to study the reaction
rnechanism for the neutron scattering in the energy region around 30 MeV 12
8nd the c011ective nature of --C. These experirnental data were analyzed
by the optical rnodel and the coupled-channe1(CC) theory， and cornpared
with proton scattering 工n the framework of the Lane rnode1.
The rneasurernents were performed with the pu1sed beam time-of-flight
technique. A pulsed bearn of protons with a repetition rate of 4 MHz and
with a burst duration uf about 2 nsec was provided by the JAERI tandern
electrostatic acce1erator. Neutrons were generated by the 7Li (p，n)7Be
reaction. A lithiurn-rneta1 target with proton energy 10ss of 450 KeV was
used as a neutron producing target. The neutron detector is a 20 cm in
diarn by 35 crn thick NE213 liquid scintillator viewed by RCA 8854 photo-
rnultiplier tubes at the front and rear scintillator faces. Neutrons were
observed by an array of these four neutron detectors for efficient
rneasurernents of scattered neutrons.
Fig.l shows a neutron tirne-of-flight spectrum obtained at 60..
The efficiency of the neutron detector was determined by measuring the L ， .1
angu1ar distribution of neutrons from the -H(n，n)-H reaction.
The differential cross sections were normalized to the known n-p scatter-
ing differential cross sections by rneasuring neutrons scattered from
一177
JAERI-M 89-119
a 12 cm in diam by 4 cm long polyethylene scatterer. The resulting differential cross sections were corrected for dead time in the data acquisition system, and also for multiple scattering and flux attenuation in the scattering sample. Differential cross sections were obtained for the elastic scattering and the inelastic scattering leading to the excited states at 4.439 MeV(2 ) and 9.641 MeV(3 ) over the angular range from 20° to 140° in 10° steps. The experimental cross sections are shown in figs.2 and 3 together with theoretical predictions.
The data were analyzed first by the optical model. The compound nuclear contribution estimated by the Hauser-Feshbach formalism is small compared with the experimental cross sections at the incident energy of 28.15 MeV.
The CC calculations based on the rotational model and the vibrational model were performed with the codes ECIS79 and JUPITORl. In the rotational model calculations, CC calculations with the quadrupole deformation only, and with the quadrupole and hexadecapole deformation were carried out. In the CC calculations optical potential parameters except the spin orbit term, and the deformation parameters were adjusted to get the best fit to the rxperimental cross sections for the elastic and inelastic scattering. The theoretical curves of the CC calculations are shown in figs.2 and 3. The rotational model calculation with the oblate quadrupole and hexadecapole deformation gives slightly better fit to the experimental cross
12 sections for the elastic and inelastic scattering on C than the vibrational model. The present result is consistent .ith that obtained in the energy range from 20.8 to 26 MeV
4) A proton potential obtained in proton scattering was transformed into a neutron potential in the Lane model, and its ability to predict the present neutron cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering was checked in CC calculations. The same deformation parameters as those obtained in the proton scattering were used. The CC calculation reproduces well the present neutron cross sections for the elastic scattering and the inelastic scattering to the first 2 state.
References 1) A.Meigooni, R.W.Finlay and J.S.Petler: Nucl Phys. A445 (1985) 304 2) N.Olsson et al: Nucl.Phys. A472 (1987) 237 3) R.P.DeVito: Ph.D. thesis, Michigan State University (1979) 4) R.DeLeo et al: Phys.Rev. C28 (1983) 1443
- 178-
]AERI-M 89-119
a 12 cm in diam by 4 cm 10ng po1yethy1ene scatterer. The resu1ting
differentia1 cross sections were corrected for dead time in the data
acquisition system， and a1so for mu1tip1e scattering and f1ux attenuation
in the scattering sarnp1e. Differentia1 cross sections were obtained for
the e1astic scattering and the inelastic scattering 1eading to the excited +，
states at 4.439 MeV(2') and 9.641 MeV(3 ) over the angu1ar range fτom
200 to 1400 in 100 steps. The experimenta1 cross sections are shown in
figs.2 and 3 together with theoretica1 predictions.
τhe data were ana1yzed first by the optica1 mode1. The compound
nuc1ear contribution estimated by the Hauser-Feshbach forma1ism is sma11
compared with the experimenta1 cross sections at the incident energv of
28.15 }leV.
The CC ca1culations based on the rotationa1 mode1 and the vibてational
mode1 wer巴 performedwith the codes EC1S79 and JUP1TOR1. 1n the rotational
mode1 ca1cu1ations， CC ca1cu1ations with the quadrupo1e deformation on1y，
呂ndwith the quadrupo1e and hexadecapo1e deformation were carried out.
In the CC calcu1ations optica1 potentia1 parameters except the spin orbit
term， and the deformation parameters were adjusted to get the best fit to
the (正perimenta1cross 弓ectionsfor the e1astic and ine1astic scattering.
The theoretical curves of the CC calcu1at工onsare shown in figs.2 and 3.
The r口E凡tiona1model ca1cu1ation with the ob1ate quadrupo1e and hexadeca-
p口1edeformation gives slight1y better fェtto the experimenta1 cross 12
5ピctions for the elastic and ine1astic scattering on --C than the
vibrationa1 mode1. The present result is consistent Lith that obtained in
the enEEEy range f rom20.8E026Mevl). 4)
A proton potential obtained in proton scattering" was transformed
into a neutron potential in the Lane mode1， and its abi1ity to predict
the present neutr口口 cross sections for e1astic and ine1astic scattering
was cheιked in CC ca1culations. The same deformation parameters as
those obtained in the proton scattering were used. The CC ca1cu1ation
reproduces we11 the present n巴utroncross sections for the e1astic
scattering and the ine1astic scattering to the first 2+ state.
References
1) A.Meigooni， R.W.Fin1ay and J.S.Petler: Nuc1 Phys. A445 (1985) 304
2) N.Olsson et a1: Nucl.Phys. A472 (1987) 237
3) R.P.DeVito: Ph.D. thesis， Michigan State University (1979)
4) R.DeLeo et al: Phys.Rev. C28 (1983) 1443
178-
I
J A E R I - M 89-119
1SD Ki ISO
1 2 C C n , n ) , t n , n ' )
E n = 2 8 . 1 5 MeV
60°
> s
> > S o) s s w en
I I
.v.+i.-V*1-1-' rV^W-1 JW WW
V ^ w ^
F i g . l A t ime-of-f l ight spectrum of e l a s t i c and i n e l a s t i c sca t t e r ing of 28.15 MeV neutrons from 1-C a t 60°.
~ 10
s l O '
10
\
1 2 1 ~> 1ZC ( n ,n ) i - C
E,, = 2 8 . 1 5 MeV
Q = 0 . 0 MeV
< * - - .
?V
_u 30 60
Or, 90 120
(deg) 150
Fig.2 E la s t i c sca t t e r ing cross sect ions and CC ca lcu la t ions , soxid l i n e : ro ta t iona l model with oblate quadrupole and hexadecapoie deformation, dashed l i n e r v i b r a t i o n a l model
10'
1 2 C („,„•) 1 2 C Ef, = 28.15 MeV
*io-
10°r
30 D 90 120 cm ( d eS>
150
Fig.3 Inelastic scattering data and CC calculations, solid line: rotational model with oblate quadrupole and hexadecapoie deformation, dashed line: vibrational model
-179
JAERI-M 89-119
宮。
12 C ln，n)， (n，n')
En 28.15 HeV
IC..C 「 一一ァ一一ー一ーーー一一γ一ーー-，-
‘ + 口
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Fig，l A time-of-f1ight spec口 umof e1astic and inelast工巳
scattering of 28.15 MeV neutrons from J.2C at 600
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:'J，}中¥¥司、 Q二-4…
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Fig.3 Ine1astic scattering data and CC calcu1atiuns. solid 1ine: rotationa1 mode1 with ob1ate quadrupo1e and hexadecapo1e deformation. dashed 1in巴:vibrationa1 mode1
一179
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
6.2 GAMMA-RAY PRODUCTION CROSS SECTIONS OF 4l.Si.Fe.Pb AND Bi AT 10 AND 11.5 MeV
Motoharu MIZUMOTO. Kazuo HASEGAWA*. Satoshi CHIBA. Masayoshi SUGIMOTO, Yoshimaro YAMANOUTI. Masayuki I CASH IRA**. Toshiro LCHIYAMA**. Hideo KITAZAWA**
Department of Physics. JAERI, ^Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, **Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactor. Tokyo Institute of Technology
Introduction Camma-ray production cross sections have been measured for structural
materials such as Al. Si, Fe. Pb and Bi at the neutron energies of 10 and 11.5 MeV. In last year 1987, we have measured the similar data at the lower energy of 7.8 MeV'D. Gamma-ray data are very important to calculate radiation shielding and r -rays heating for fusion reactors. Experimental data, however, are still scarce in the neutron energy region between 5 and 14 MeV, where adequate neutron sources have not been available. Previous measurements were only obtained with the white neutron source at the ORNl electron linear accelerators).
Continuum r-rays from reactions of inelastic scattering (n.n'r), neutron capture (n.r) and charged particle (n,pr) and (n, a r) have been observed in our measurements. The energy dependence of some discrete x~ rays due to the (n.n'r) have been also newly obtained.
The x _ray production data for JENDL-3 (Japanese Evaluat-J Nuclear Data Library -Version 3) have been evaluated for these nucleiS) h\ takir:,', into account such various reactions. Our data were used for the c:n--k of the validity of the evaluated files.
Experiment and Analysis The present experiments were made at the energies of 10 and 11.5 MeV
v-it.'i two neutron sources of 2H<CJ,n) 3He and ^ ( ^ B . n ) 1 ^ reactions, respectively. In particular, the latter source was found to be very interesting and useful for our experiments^). Fig. 1 shows the time-of-flight spectrum of the neutron source which is kinematically collimated into
180-
]AERI-M 89-119
白.2 1;，¥門門A.RAY PRODLJCTION CROSS SECTIONS OF .¥1.Si .Fe.Pb 占，~D B I
U 10 .¥ND 11.5 ，'1 e~
|ntroduct i on
，'1otoharu ，'11 ZLJ円OTO. Kazuo HASEGA~A主. Satoshl CHIBA‘'1asayoshi
SじGIト10TO. Yoshimaro YA門ANOUT1. ト1aSByul¥i 1 GASH 1 R.¥キキ. ioshiro
l.:cH 1 Y~門A本宇. Hideo KITAZA~A本字
Department of Physics. JAERI. キFacultyof Englneerlng. Tohoku
University. 本本ResearchLaborato(y for NucJear Reactor.
Tokyo Institute of TechnoJogy
Gamma-ray production cross sections have b巴巴nmeasured for structural
mat巴riaJssuch品sAJ. Si. Fe. Pb a円dBi at th巴 neutronenergies of 10 and
11.5河巴V. 1n Jast year 1987. ¥.e have measured the simi lar datユ品 thぜ IO¥ier
巴nergyof 7.8トleVJ). Gamma-ray data are very important to calc:Jlate
radiation shi巴Idingand r -rays heating for fusion reactors. E¥perlm巴円tュi
data. nOl.ever. are sti 11 scarce in the neutron 己円巳rgy region b巴tl.'守己n5 and
14 '1eV. ...11戸 readequate n巴utronsources hav巴 notbe巴navai1able. Previous
measu rements '.巴「巴 onlyobtained with the ¥ihit巴 neutronsource at thぜ I)RNL
eJectron 1 ine且racce1ぜrator2)
Continuum r司 raysf rom r巳actionsof inelastic scattering (n.n' r).
neutron capture (n. r) and charged particJe (n，pr) 昌nd (n.α() hav巴 been
obs巴rved in our measurements. The energy dependence of some discret巴 r-
rays due to the (n.n'r) have been also newly obtained.
The γーrayproductlon data for JEトWL-3(.Japanese Evalua:"'J ~lJ clear Data
Library -Yerslon 3) have been evaluated for thes巴 nuclei3) 下 :aklれ:; i nto
account such 日r:ous r巳actions. Our data wer巴 used for tl1習し:i'" ~ ()f the
validity of th巴 evaluated files.
Experiment and ~nalysis
The present expぜrimentswere made at the energies of 10 and 11.5 MeV
~i~~ two neutron sources of 2H(d.n)3He and 1H(11B.n)11C reactions.
「巴sp巴ctively. In particular. the latter source was found to be v巴ry
interesting and us巴ful for our巴xperiments4). Fig. 1 shows the time-of-
fl ight spectrum of the neutron source which is kinematically col1imat巴d into
180 -
JAERI-M 89-1 19
a forward angle and has very low background components. The r-ray detector was a 7.6 cm diam. x 15.2 cm long Nal(TI) detector,
which was set in a 25.4 cm diam. x 25.4 cm long Nal(Tl) annular detector. These two detectors were operated in an anti-coincidence mode to °uppress Compton backgrounds and neutron capture r-rays in the detector. The TOF technique of the r-ray detection was used to improve the signal to background ratio.
The neutron spectra were measured by employing two sets of 5 cm diam. x 1.27 cm thick NE213 detectors located at a forward angle and either 59° (for d-0 neutron) or 29.2° (for "B-H neutron). The standard cross section of Al(n,a) reaction was also used to normal i2e the absolute neutron flux for the l lB-H neutrons, for which the activation of -^Xa. with a half life of 15 hours was measured with Na(TI) and Ge detectors.
The response functions of the r -ray detector were determined with the discrete r _rays from the standard sources of 60c o, 137r s a n cj 22\ a. and the several discrete r-rays from the 992 keV resonances of -^\\(p,r) and the 935 keV resonance of l9F(p,r) using the proton beam at the TIT pel letrons^). The inelastic r-rays from the '2r(n,n'r) and 16n(n.n'r) reactions were also utilized.
After subtracting the backgrounds, r-ray spectra were unfolded using the computer program FERDOR. Corrections were applied for attenuation and multiple scattering of neutrons and r-rays by the Monte Carlo program.
Results and discussion The results at 11.5 MeV are shown in Figs. 2-5 together with the data
taken at 0RELA2. (The data at 10 MeV are not included in the present report due to the limited space). The overall agreement of the spectnim shape is good both for the data at 10 and 11.5 MeV. The careful comparisons, however, show that their peak areas in the lower r-ray energy region are generally larger than the present data.
Fig. 6 shows the examples of the energy dependence for the discrete r-rays of Si, Fe and Pb. Though our data are only available abo.e 10 MeV, agreement among the experimental data is good.
The JESDL-3 data are also compared in the figures. The evaluations represents the present experimental data reasonably well with some data which may have to be modified based on the our data.
181
JAERI-M 89-119
a forward angle and has very 101.' background components.
The r-ray detector was a 7.6 cm diam. x 15.2 cm long ，~al(TI) d日tector.
which was set in a 25.~ cm diam. x 25.4 cm long Nal(TI) annular detector.
These hiO detecto rs were opera ted i n an ant i -co i nc i dence mode to ~iJppreSS
Compton backg rounds and neu tron captu re r -rays i n the detector. Th巴 TOF
techn i que of the r・raydetect i on was used to i mprove the s i gna 1 to
background ra t i 0・
The neutron spectra were measured by employing two sets of 5 cm diam. x
1.27 cm thick NE213 detectors located at a forward angle andぜither 590 (for
d-D n巴utron)or 29.20 (for IIs-H n巴utron). Th巴 standardcross section of
AI(円.α) r巴actionwas also us巴dto nt.rmal ize the absolute neutron fluλfor
the lls-H n巴utrons. for which the activation of 2~Na with a half 1 ife of 15
hou rs was measu r巴dwith Na(TI) and Ge detectors.
The r己sponsefunctions ()f the (-ray detector ¥.er巴 deter田InedいIththe
discr巳te r -rays from the standard sourc巴sof 60Co、137(s and 22吋a. 品目d
the sev巴ra1 d i sc r巴te r -rays f rom the 992 heV resonances of 27 ~ 1 (P. i) anrJ
the 935 keV resonance of 19F(p、r)IJS i ng the proton beam a t th己 TIT
ロ巳Iletrons5). The inelastic r -rays from the 12ぞ(n.n'r) and 16iJ(円 .n・r)
reactions were also uti 1 ized.
After subtracting the backgrounds. r -ray spectra w巴reunfolded using
the computer program FERDOR. Corrections were appl ied for attenuatio円 and
mu 1 t i p 1 e sca tte r i ng of neutrons and r -rays by theト10nteCarlo program.
Results and disc~ssion
The results at 11.5 ~eV ar巴 shown in Figs. 2-5 together with the data
taken at ORELA2. (The data at 10 MeV are not included in the present r巴port
due to the 1 i m I ted space). The over立11 agre巴mentof the spectrum shape is
good both for the data at 10 and 11.5門eV. The careful compariso円s.
however， show th3t their peak areas in the lower r・rayenergy reglon are
generally larger than the pres巴ntdata.
Fig. 6 shows the exampl巴sof the energy dE'pendence fOI" the d j screte r-
rays of S i， Fθand Pb. Though our data are only available abo・'e 10門eV.
agreement among th巴 experimental data is good.
Th巴 jENDL-3data are also compared in the figures. The evaluations
represents the present e、perI間巴円tal data reasonably wel 1 wi th some dala
which問ay have to be modifi仔dbased on the our data.
181
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
References
1 . M. Mizumoto e t a l . , Proc. I n t . Conf. on Nuclear Data f o r Science and Techno logy , Mi t o , 1 9 8 3 , p l97-200
2. J .K . Dickens e t a l . . Nuc l . S c i . Eng. 62 (1977) 515
3. JENDL CG (Nuc lea r Data Cen te r ) , JENDL-3T P r i v a t e communicat ion (1D89)
4 . S. Chi ba e t a l . . to be pub l i shed in NIM, S e c t i o n A, (1989)
5. K. Hasegawa and M. Mizumoto. JAERI-M 89-042 , 1989.
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• V N -
) u o : o o J O O < oo s o o 5 a a 7 0 a 90 TOF CHANNEL
F i g . l TOF spectrum of l H ( ^ B , n ) ^ C neutron source
. - I m - P H JENOL 3-£ -,| - CRNL u " i=-
E 3 Present
0 2 1 6 8 10 12 GAMMA-RAY ENERGY (MEV)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 GAMMA-RAY ENERGY (MEV)
F i g . 2 Gamma-ray spect .um of AI F i g . 3 Gamma-ray spectrum of Si
182~
JAERI-M 89-119
k主旦巴些
[.ト1.門izumoto円tal.. Proc. Int. Conf. on ~ucle :l r Dat:l for SClence anrJ
T巴chnology，Mito，1983. p197-200
2. j.K. Dickensぜtal.. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 62 (1977) 515
3. JENDL CG (~uclear Data Cellter)， JE~DL-3T Private communication (lG89)
~. S. Chiba巴tal.. to be publ ished in NI門， Section A， (1989)
5. ~. Hasegawa and 門. ~izumoto. JAERI・門 89・042，1989.
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J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 19
is
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» Dickens !970 - Orake 1563
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NEUTRON ENERGY WE'/) Fig. 6 Discrete gamma-ray production cross sections
•183-U84)-
jAERI-M 89-119
Pb
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JAERI-M 89-119
VI PUBLICATIONS
- ] « 5 ~ ( 186 J -
]AER [-M 89-119
~U P U B L 1 C A T 1 0 N S
J HfJ -( I ~Ö) -
JAERI-M 89-119
Journal/Proceedings
1. Aruga, T., Takamura, S., Hoshiya, T. and Kobiyama, M. Effects of He Ton Irradiation on Superconductivity of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 Films Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28 (1989) in press. V
2. Baba, S., Hata, K., Ichikawa, S., Sekine, T., Nagame, Y., Yokoyama, A., Slioji, M., Saito, T., Takahashi, N., Baba, H. and Fujiwara, I. Evaporation Residue Formation Competing with the Fission Process in the 197AU + 16o, 12c Reactions and Fission Barriers at a Specified J Window Z. Phys. A 331 (1988) 53. T
3. Fujita, H., Kato, N., Sugimitsu, T. and Sugiyamav Y. Three-Body Coupled Channel Analysis of l F + 12c and ^ F + 1&0 Elastic and Inelastic Scattering Proc. of the JAERI Int. Sym. on Heavy-Ion Reaction Dynamics in Tandem Energy Region, (Hitachi 1988), p.157. T
4. Harami, T., Kabasawa, M., Nakayama, K., Yanagida, V., Yokomizo, H. and Suzuki Y. An Analytical Study on Small Storage Ring JSR Proc. Sym. on the Accelerator Technology for the High Brilliance Synchrotoron Radiation Sources, (Tokyo, 1988) p.299.
5. Hasegawa, K. and Mizumoto, M. Detector System for Camma-ray Production Cross Section Measurement and Data Analysis. JAERT-M 89-042 (1989). T
6. Ideno, K. Shift of Neutron Resonance Levels in Periodic Structure i'roc. of Int. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (Mito, 1988) p.783. T
- 187
]AER [-M 89-119
Journal/Proceedings
1. Aruga， T.， Takamura， S.， Hoshiya， T. and Kobiyama， M.
Effects of He lon lrr日diationon Superconductivity of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-OFilms
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28 (1989) in press.
V
2. Baba， S.， Hata， K.， Ichika¥va， S.， Sekine， T.， Nagame， Y.， Yokoyam江 A.，
Shoji， ~1.， S<lito， T.， Takahashi， N.， Baba， H. ~md FlIjiw司r司1.
Evaporation R巴sidu巴 FormationCompeting with the Fission Process in the
197Au + 160， 12C Reactions and Fission Barriers at a Specified J Window
Z. Phys. A 331 (1988) 53.
T
3. Fujita， H.， Kato， N.， Sugimitsu， T. and Sugiyama， Y.
Three-Body Coupled Channel Analysis of 19F + 12C旦nd 19F + 160 Elastic
and Tnel呂sticScattering
Proc. of the JAERI Int. Sym. on Heavy-Ion Reaction Dynamics in Tandem
Energy Re日ion，(Hitachi 1988)， p.157.
T
4. H日rami，T.， Kabas日日日， ト1.，Nakayama， K.， Yanagida， Y.. Yokomizo， H. and
日uzukiY.
An ^n~"!l ytical St¥lcly on Small Storage Ring JSR
Proc. Sym. on the Acceler司torTechnology for the High Brilliance
Synchrotoron Radiιtion SOllrces， (Tokyo， 1988) p.299.
5. Haseg司wa，K. ancl Mizumoto， M.
Detector System for G日mma-rayProduction Cross Section ~Ieasllrement and
nιt品 Analysis.
JAERTートI89-042 (1989).
T
6. Jdeno， K.
Shift of Nelltron Resonance Levels in Periodic Structllre
Proc. of Int. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Technolo~j
(Mito， 1988) p.783.
T
一187
JAER I-M 89-119
7. Ikezoe, H., Shikazono, N., Tomita, Y., Sugiyama, Y., Ideno, K., Nagame, Y., Nakahara, H., Ohtsuki, T., Kobayashi, T. Charged Particle Emission from Fission Process Proc. of the JAERl Int. Sym. on Heavy-Ion Reaction Dynamics in Tandem Energy Region (Hitachi 1988), p.275. T
8. Ishii, Y., l'oda, K. and Watanabe, H. Volume Change of Lithium Oxide by Lithium Ion Irradiation Advances in Ceramics, Proc. 2nd Sym. Fabrication and Properties of Lithium Creamics. American Ceramic Society, Apr. 23-27, 1989 (Indianapolis), submitted. T
9. Ito, Y., Sueoka, 0., Hirose, M., Hasegawa, M., Takamura, S., Hyodo, T. and Tabata, T. Production of Intense Positron Beam using 100 Mev Linac "Positron Annihilation" Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Positron Annihilation, Dorikens, L., Dorikens, M. and Segers, D., eds., (World Scientific, 1989) p.583-585.
10. lwamoto, A. and Takigawa, N. On the Subbnrrier Fusion of 7^Ge + 7l*Ge
Report of the Joint Seminor on Heavy-Ion Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Chemistry in the Energy Region of Tandem Accelerators (III) JAERI-M 88-100, p.120.
11. Iwamoto, A. and Takigawa, N. Effect of the Shell Structure on the Potential Barrier for the Suhbarrier Fusion Reactions Proc. of the JAERl Int. Sym. on Heavy-Ion Reaction Dynamics in Tandein Energy Region (Hitachi 1988) p.29.
12. Iwamoto, A. and Takigawa, N. Anomalous Enhancement of the Subbarrier Fusion Cross Section by Cooperative shell and Deformation Effects Phys. Lett. B219 (1989) 176.
-188
JAER[-iV! 89-119
7. lkezoe， H.， Shikazono， N.， Tomita， Y.， Sugiyama， Y.， ldeno， K.，
Nagame， Y.， Nakahara， H.， Ohtsuki， T.， Kobayashi， T.
Ch日rgedParticlc Emission from Fission Process
Proc. of thc JAERI Int. Sym. on Hc~vy-Ion Rcnction Dyn~mics in Tnndem
Energy Rcgion (Hitachi 1988)， p.275.
T
8. Ishii， Y.， l'口dn，K. and Watanabe， H.
Voll1mc Ch司ngcof Lithium Oxide by Lithium lon lrradiation
Adv汀nccs in Ceramics， Proc. 2nd Sym. Fnbrication and Propcrties of
Lithium Crenmics.
i¥mcr iC1n Ceτ日mic Socicty， Apr. 23-27， 1989 (Indiannpolis)， submitted.
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Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Positron Annihilation， Dorikens， L.， Dorikens， M.
nnd Segers， D.，巴ds.，(l.Jorlu Sci巴ntific，1989) p.583-585.
10. 11-'司moto，，¥. nnd T日kig九日.:1， N.
On thc Sllhh~rrier FlIsion of 74Ge + 74G巴
Ikpor仁 of tlll' .Joint 日目l1inoron Heιvy-lon Nuclear Physics and Nuclear
Chemi只try in thc Enc，-日vR巴日ionof Tandem Accelerators (111) JAERI-M
8k-]OO司1'.120.
11 . llV日moto，A. nnd Tnkig日lVa，N.
I'ffc"t of thc Shel1 Structure on the Potentinl Barri巴rfor the
日lIhharricrFlIsion Reactions
I'roc. of thc JAERl lnt. Sym. on He.:lvy-lon Rcaction Dynamics in Tandew
I-:ncl-日y Re日ion (Hitachi 1988) p.29.
i2. J¥.mmpto， A. nnd T日kigalVa，N.
Anomι110us Enhnncement o[ the Subbarrier Fusion Cross Section by
Coop巴rative shell and Deformation Effects
Phys. Lett. B219 (1989) 176.
188
JAER I-M 89-119
13. Iwase, A., Masaki, N., Iwata, T., Nihira, T. and Sasaki, S. Effect of 120 Mev 1"0 Ion Irradiation at Low Temperatures on Superconducting Properties of YBa2Cu307_ x and L a j _ S S T Q ^ C U O ^ . Jpn. J. Appl. phys. 27 (1988) 1.2071. T
14. Iwase, A., Sasaki, S., Iwata, T., and Nihira, T. Defect Production and Defect Saturation Behavior in Nickel Irradiated with Heavy Ions in the Energy Range 84-120 Mev .1. Nucl. Mater. 155-157 (1988) 1188. V T
15. Iwase, A. Effect of Electron-Excitation on Radiation Damage in Ion-Irradiated FCC Metals. Thesis, University of Tokyo (1989) JAKRT-M 89-071 (1989). V T
16. Iwata, T. and Iwase, A. Damage Production and Annealing in Ion-Irradiated FCC Metals Rad. Eff. in press. V T
1 7 . Kawarasaki, Y., Ohkubo, M., Shikazono, N. and Mashiko, K. l.inac for a Free Electron Laser Oscillator: Design Consideration
on the Injector System Nuc], Instr. and Mcth. A272 (1988) 206
18. Kikuchi, A., Maramoto, 11., Ozawa, K. and Kaznmata, Y. Damage Profiles in Alkali Halides Irradiated with High-Energy Heavy Ions Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B39 (1989) 724. T
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13. I\~ase ， A.， ~lasaki ， :-l.， hmta， T.， Nihira， T. and S呂saki，S.
Effect of 120トlev160 Jon Trradiation at Low Temperatures on
Superconducting Properti巴sof YBa2Cu3u7_x and L~1.8SrO.2Cuü4 ・
Jpn. J. Appl. phys. 27 (1988) 1.2071.
T
14. 1I".1se， A.， 5asaki， S.， IImt司， T.， and TIIihir江， T.
Dcfect Production and Defect Satur司tionBehavior in Nickcl Trradiated
¥;1th He九vy10ns in the Energy R汀ng巴 84-120Mev
.J. Nuc 1. ト[;1ter. 1う5-157 (1988) 1188.
V T
15. 11，日目E，Aw
Effect of Electron-Excitation on Radiation Damnge in 10n-Irradiated FCC
、letalS.
Thesis， University of Tokyo (1989)
IλERTート189-071 (1989).
V T
16. Jwata， T. and Jw司S('，λ.
f1:J口1♂gcProduction and ，へnnvalingin Ion-Irr;】diatedFCCトletals
Rad. Eff. in prc只 S.
v
1 7 • K;l¥oJar;1salくi，Y.， Ohkuho，、1.，Shiknzono， N. and Mashiko， K.
Lin刀C [or ;1 ドJ"l'じ 1，:1 c c t r011 L司scrOscillator: Design Consideration
011 tlll' fnjector System
:¥ucl. 111討tr. ユnd :-10 th.λ272 (1988) 20(，
lS. Kikuchi， A.， ~;arnmoto ， 11.， Ozmva， K. and Kazl1mata， Y.
D・1m;1巳eProfilcs 111 i¥1k.-ilJ H，!lides Irradiated with High-Energy Heavy
lons
NI，，'I. lnstr. 九日d トleth. 日39 (1989) 724.
T
189
JAERI-M 89-1 19
Komaki, Y., Ishikawa, \'., Sakurai, T. and Iwasaki, M. Polyvinylidene Fluoride Microfilter by the 3 5 C 1 9 + , 5 8 N i 1 0 + , and f , 3 C u H +
Ions Bombardments and Alkali Etching Niu-1. Inst, and Metb. B34 (1988) 332 T
Komaki, V., Matsumoto, Y., Ishikawa, N. and Sakurai, T. Heavy Ion Track Microfilter of Polyimide Film Polymer Communications, 30 (1989) A3. T
Kusakari , H., Osliima, M. and Ono, Y. Multiple Coulomb Excitation of Nd-Sm Nuclear Region Report of the Joint Seminor on Heavy-Ion Nuclear Phycics and Nuclear Chemistry in the Energy Region of Tandem Accelerators (III) .1AER1-M Report 88-100 (1988) p.4. T
Minehara, V..
RF Properties of !'i;;h Tc Superconductc." Prepared by Plasma-Spray Pa int inj'. Method Extended Abstracts of 5th International Workshop on Future Fleetron Dcvices/Topica1 Meeting on High Temperature Siipen ondin t ing llectron Devices (Mivagi-Zao, 1988).
Minehari. I'., Nagai, R., and Takeuchi, M. Plasma Spriv Painting for Metal Oxide High Tc Superconductors I'roceedin of Surlace Engineering International Conference dokvp, 1988).
\inohara, E. , N'.igai, R., and Takeuchi, M. Ihe TMfjjQ Microwave Cavity Made of YBaoCujO^-^ Jpn. I. Appl. l'hvs. 28 (1989) I.100-I.101.
190
J A E R 1 -:-'1 8 9 -1 1 9
19. Kom.1ki， Y.， )日hik川山1， :;.， 53kur.1i， T. and l¥yasaki，ト1.
PO 1 yviny 1 idl't1(、ド luorideトlirrofilterby the 15C19+， 58;'UI0+， and 63Cu11+
lons Boml日 rJmentsand A1kn1i Etching
:~llcl. lnst. <1ndトldh. 1134 (]9可R) 332
T
2(). Kom:lki， Y.，トl.1tS1¥moto，Y.， lshika¥Y:l， 1';. :md 日akur司 i，T.
I!山口'¥' 1川 1T r:lck トli~rofi1ter of PolvimideドjJm
I'olymぃγCommUnil':ltions，10 (1989) 43.
T
21. にけ討 lk:lri，H.， Osl lÏ m;~ ， ト1. and Ono， Y.
トl¥!ltipl(' Cou1omb Fxcit司tionof Nd-Sm Nuc1ear Re ト~ion
Rl'port of thじ lointSeminor on I!eavy-Ion '，ucll'ar Phy:;ics ，1nd :-;uc1ear
Chιmistry in the 1て ner~y Region o[ Tandern Accelerators (111) ，TλERl-ト1
Rl'port R8-!00 (1988) 1'.4.
T
2:? • ~'1 i ill' 11凡r;l，r
Hドl'r"p【'rtIt>メロfI'igh Tc Sup('rconduct【- Prep司rl'd by Plasrna-Sprぉy
1':1 int in)~ :'klltnd
~t('nd(' ， l ，¥h"t r:ll't行いf5th Intern:ltion川 1l，'ork日Itopon ドuturl'
1'!t'('tr()1l Ikvi<ι'~ 11けpi c:;1 ト1cl'tin日 on!liglt lemper♂turc
日(I]'('T'(llld'l< t ini~ I，]，，(，t ron D('¥， ic('ぉ(ヘli¥'・1日i-Zao， 19H8).
! 'j. :'li n"h，1 r:，‘ 1・.， XElk・ti， H.， and Takl'¥!clti，ト1.
1'!:ISm:1ドpr:l¥' ド1intin)'， fnrト1ctλ1 Oxid(' !ligl， Tc Superじond1¥ctor只
I'r(h'et.d i nρf 5I1r1:I('(' EnginCl>ring Intern司t10n司1ronfl'rl'ncl'
("，k¥'('， !9k吋)，
」与 .¥int'h;l1-，I，J:.，日!り1・1I， H.， and 1凡kel.chi. ト1.
Iltl' Tト10]0:licr口¥.. TolV(.' r.‘IV i tyトl<Jdl' of YB江2Cu307--':
11'". 1. App!. I'hv討. 2R (I9R9) 1.100-1.101.
HJO
J A E R I - M 89-119
25. Minehara, E., Nagai, R., and Takeuchi, M. RF Properties of High Tc Superconducting Microwave Elements Fabricated by Plasma-Spray Painting, and Bulk-Material Machining Methods J. Electrochem. Soc, 136 (1989), 239C.
26. Minehara, E., Nagai, R., and Takeuchi, M. Quality Factor Performance for the S-band TMQJQ Microwave Cavity Made of YBa2Cu307~6 to be published.
27. Mitamura, T., Kawatsura, K., Koterazawa, K., Iwasaki, H., Nakai, Y., and Terasawa, M. Ion Beam Analysis of Single Crystal Austenitic Stainless Steel Proceedings of 7th Symposium on Ion Beam Technology, Hosei Univ. (Hosei University, 1939) p.179. V
28. Mizumoto, M., Hasegawa K., Chiba, S., Yamanouti Y., Kawarasaki, Y., Igashira, M., Uchiyama, T., and Kitazawa, H. Gamma-ray Production Cross Sections of Some Structural and Shielding Materials Proc. Int. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, (Mito, 1988) p.197-200. T
29. Mizumoto, M. Neutron Resonance Parameters of ^^Ba, l3?Ba a n c] 138ga
J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 25 (1988) 757. L
30. Mizumoto, M. and Sugimoto, M. Influence of Water Absorption in a Sample for Neutron Capture Cross Section Measurement Nucl. Instr. Meth. in press. L
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]AERI-M 89-119
25. Minehara， E.， Nagai， R.， and Takeuchi， M.
RF Properties of High Tc Superconducting Microwave Elements
Fabricated by Plasma-Spray Painting， and Bulk-Material Machining
Methods
J. Electrochern. Soc.， 136 (1989)， 239C.
26. Minehara， E.， Nagai， R.， and Takeuchi， M.
Quality Factor Performance for the S-band TMOI0 Microwave Cavity
Made of YBa2Cu307-o
to be published.
27. Mitarnura， T.， Kawatsura， K.， Koterazawa， K.， Iwasaki， H.， Nakai， Y.，
and Terasa¥va， M.
Ion Beam Analysis of Single Crystal Austenitic Stainless Steel
Proceedings of 7th Symposium on Ion Beam Technology， Hosei Univ.
(Hosei University， 1989) p.179.
V
28. ト!izumoto，M.， Hasegawa K.， Chiba， S.， Yarnanouti Y.， Ka¥oJarasaki， Y.，
Igashira， M.， Uchiyama， T.， and Kit在za¥17a，H.
Gamrna-ray Production Cross Sections of Some Structural and Shielding
ト!日terials
Proc. Tnt. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology， (トlito，1988) p.197-200.
T
29. ~lizurnoto ，ト1.
~eutron Resonance Pσrarneters of 135Ba， 137Ba and 138Ba
J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 25 (1988) 757.
L
30. Mizurnoto， M. and Sugirnoto， M.
lnfluence of W呂terAbsorption in a Sample for Neutron Capture Cross
Section Measurement
Nucl. Instr. Meth. in press.
L
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JAERI-M 89-119
31. Nagame, Y., Ikezoe, H., Baba, S., Hata, K., Sekine, T., Ichikawa, S., Ideno K., Yokoyama, A., Hatsukawa, Y. and Ohtsuki, T. Symmetric and Asymmetric Mass Divisions of the Compound Nucleus l"5^g Proc. JAERI Int. Sym. on Heavy-Ion Dynamics in Tandem Energy Region (Hitachi 1988) p.265. T
32. Nagame, Y., Nakamura, Y., Takahashi, M., Sueki, K. and Nakahara, H. Pre-equilibrium Process in ^He-Induced Reactions on 59 C o, 109 A g, 181Ta and 209 B i
Nucl. Phys. A 486 (1988) 77.
33. Nagame, Y., Nakahara, H. and Furukawa, M. Excitation Functions for a and 3He Particles Induced Reactions on Zinc Radiochimica Acta 46 (1989) 5.
34. .Vnkahara, H., Ohtsuki, T., Hamajima, Y. and Sueki K. Systematic Study of Mass Divisions Mechanism in Low-Energy Nuclear Fission Radiochim. Acta 43, 77 (1988). T
35. Naramoto, H., Kawatsura, K., Sataka, M., Sugizaki, Y., Nakai, Y., Ozawa, K., Yamaguchi, S., Fujino, Y., and Aoki, M. Lattice Location of Deuterium in Nb-Mo with Ion Beams Nucl. Tnstr. and Meth. in Phys. Research B33 (1988) 595. T V
36. Noda, K., Ishii, Y., Matsui, H., Ohno, H., Hirano, S., Watanabe, H. Irradiation Damage in Solid Breeder Materials J. Nucl. Mater. 155-157 (1988) 568. T
37. Noda, K., Ishii, Y., Matsui, H., Ohno, H., Watanabe, H. A Study of Tritium Behavior in Lithium Oxide by Ion Conductivity Measurements J. Fusion Engineering and Design, in press. T
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31. Nagarne， Y.， Ikezoe， H.， Baba， 5.， Hata， K.， Sekine， T.， Ichika\~a ， 5.，
Ideno K.， Yokoyama， A.， Hatsukawa， Y. and Ohtsuki， T.
S戸nmetricand Asymmetric Mass Divisions of the Cornpound Nuc1eus 105Ag
Proc. JAERI Int. Sym. on Heavy-Ion Dyn呂micsin Tandem Energy Region
(Hitachi 1988) p.265.
T
32. Nagarne， Y.， Nakamura， Y.， Takahashi， M.， Sueki， K. and Nakahara， H.
Pre-equi1ibrium Process in 3He-Induced Reactions on 59Co， 109Ag， 181Ta
and 209Bi
Nuc1. Phys. A 486 (1988) 77.
33. Nagarne， Y.， Nakahara， H. and Furukawa， M.
Excitation Functions for αand 3He Partic1es 1nduced Reactions on Zinc
Radiochimica Acta 46 (1989) 5.
34. ~~kahara ， H.， Ohtsuki， T.， Hamajirna， Y. and Sueki K.
Systematic Study of ~fass Divisions ~lechanisrn in Low-Energy Nuc1ear
Fission
R司diochirn. Acta 43， 77 (1988).
T
35. ~ararnoto ， H.， Kaw且tsura，K.， 5ataka， M.， Sugizaki， Y.， Nakai， Y.，
。zawa，K.， Y凡m‘19uchi，5.， Fujino， Y.， and Aoki， M.
Llttic(' Location of Deuterium in Nb-Ho ¥.，rith Ion Bearns
Nucl. fnstr. an正IMeth. in Phys. Research B33 (1988) 595.
T V
36. Noda， K.， 1shii， Y. ，ト~tsui ， H.， Ohno， H.， Hirano， 5.， Watanabe， H.
Trradi巴ltionDarnage in Solid Breeder Hateria1s
.J. Nuc1.門ater. 155-]57 (1988) 568.
T
37. Noda， K.， 1shii， Y.， N呂tsui，H.， Ohno， H.， ¥I1atanabe， H.
A 5tudy of Tritiurn Behavior in Lithiurn Oxide by 10n Conductivity
ト1e江surements
J. Fusion Engineering and Design， in press.
T
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JAERI-M 89-J19
38. Noda, K., Ishii, Y., Ohno, H., Watanabe, H., Matsui, H, Irradiation Effects on Ion Conductivity of Lithium Oxide Advances in Ceramics, Proc. 2nd Sym. Fabrication and Properties of Lithium Ceramics American Ceramic Society, (Indianapolis 1989), submitted.
39. Ohkubo, M. Design Considerations of the JAERI superconducting Linac for Free Electron Laser Proceedings of the Work Shop on Free Electron Laser JAERI-M 88-149, p.60.
40. Ohkubo, M. View points of the Laser Development for Nuclear Energy and the Development of the Free Electron Laser Atomic Energy Information Center, Publication No. 8809405, p.61.
41. Ohkubo, M. Report of the 1988 Linac Conference and the Visit to several Accelerator Laboratories JAERT-memo 01-042, p.83.
42. Ohkubo, M. , Kawarasaki, Y., Shikazono, N., Mashiko, K., Sugimoto, M., Saw.imurn , M. , Yoshikawa, II. and Takabe, M. A Linac for Free Electron Laser at JAERI Proc. of the 1988 Linear Accelerator Conference, Virginia, U.S.A. (to be published).
43. Ohkubo, M., Kawarasaki, Y., Shikazono, N., Mashiko, K., Sugimoto, M., Sawamura, M., Yoshikawa, H. and Takabe, M. Free Electron Laser Project at JAERI Proc. of the 13th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan p.158.
193-
]AERI-M 89-119
38. Noda， K.， Ishii， Y.， Ohno， H.， Watanabe， H.， Matsui， H.
Irradiation Effects on Ion Conductivity of Lithium Oxide
Advances in Ceramics， Proc. 2nd Sym. Fabrication and Properties of
Lithium Ceramics
American Ceramic Society， (Indianapo1is 1989)， submitted.
39. Ohkubo， M.
Design Considerations of the JAERI superconducting Linac for Free
E1巴ctronLaser
Proceedings of the Work Shop on Free E1ectron Laser
JAERI-M 88-149， p.60.
40. Ohkubo， N.
View points of the Laser Deve10pment for Nuclear rnergy and the
Deve10pment of the Free E1ectron Laser
Atomic Energy Information Center， Pub1ication No. 8809405， p.61.
41. Ohkubo， N.
Report of the 1988 Linac Conference and the Visit to severa1
八cceleratorLaboratories
JAERT-mcmo 01-042， p.83.
42. Ohkllbo， ~1. ， K江W凡rasaki，Y.， Shikazono， N.， Mashiko， K.， Sugimoto， M.，
S;l¥，;lmllr:l，ト1.. Yoshikawa， 1I. and T乃kabe，H.
八 Lin:ll' for Fl・0巴 ElcctronLaser 凡tJAERI
Proc. of thc 1988 Linear Acce1erator Conference， Virginia， U.S.A.
(to lw pub1ish(‘d) .
43. Ohkubo，ト1.，Kawarasaki， Y.， Shikazono， N.， Nashiko， K.， Sugimoto， M.，
日:lWamllr司，ト1.，Yoshikawa， H. and Takabe， M.
Frce E1巴ctronLaser Project at JAERI
Proc. of the 13th Linear Acce1erator Meeting in Japan p.158.
193←
t I J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
44. Ohtsuki, T., Sueki, K., Hamajima, Y., Hatsukawa, T., Tsukada, K., Kobayashi, T., Nakahara, H., Nagame, Y. and Shinohara, N. A Systematic Study of Mass Yield Curves in Proton-Induced Fission of Actinides Proceedings of International Symposium on Advanced Nuclear Energy Research at Ooarai (Fib. 15-16, 1989), to be published. T
45. Ohtsuki, T., Sueki, K., Hamajima, Y., Nakahara, N., Nagame, Y., Shinohara, N. and Ikezoe, H. A Systematic Study of Mass Yield Curves in Low Energy Fission of Actinides Proceedings of 50 Years with Nuclear Fission at Maryland (USA). (April 25-28, 1989), to be published. T
46. Okamoto, H. and Sawamure, M. Measurements of Permanent Magnet Pieces and PMQ Lens Proceedings of the Free Electron Laser Workshop. 1988 JAERI, JEARI-M Report 88-149 (1988).
47. Oshima, M., Minehara, E., Ichikawa, S., limura, H., Inamura T., ll.ishi zume, A. and Kusakari, H. Electromagnetic Transition Probabilities for One-Quasineutron Natural-Parity Rotational Bands Report of the Joint Scminor on Heavy-Ion Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Chemistry in the Energy Region of Tandem Accelerators (III) JAERI-M Report 88-100 (1988) p.10. T
48. Oshima, M., Minehara, E., Ichikawa, S., limura, H., Inamura, T., Hashizume, A., Kusakari, H. and Iwasaki, S. Signature Dependence of Ml and E2 Transition Probabilities for the H3/2 Rotational Band in 161nv
Phys. Rev. C37 (1988) 2578. T
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]AERI-M 89-119
44. Ohtsuki， T.， Sueki， K.， Hamajima， Y.， Hatsukawa， T.， Tsukada， K.，
Kobayashi， T.， Nakahara， H.， Nagame， Y. and Shinohara， N.
A Systematic Study of Mass Yield Curves in Proton-1nduced Fission of
Actinides
Proceedings of International Symposium on Advanced Nuclear Energy
Research at Ooarai (Fib. 15ー16，1989)， to be published.
T
45. Ohtsuki， T.， Sueki， K.， Hamajima， Y.， Nakahara， N.， Nagame， Y.，
Shinohara， N. and Ikezoe， H.
A Systcmatic Study of Mass Yield Curves in Low Energy Fission of
M'tinides
Proceedings o[ 50 Years with Nuclear Fission at Maryland (USA).
(April 25-28， 1989)， to be published.
T
46. Okamoto， Il. and Sawamure， M.
トle;l日urcmentsof Permanent Magnet Pieces and PMQ Lens
Procccdin日sof the Fτce Electron Laser Workshop. 1988 JAER1， JEARI-M
Rcport 8R-149 (1988).
47. Oshima， ~1.， ~jjneh江 ra ， E.， lchikawa， S.， [imura， H.， Inamura T.，
I!ιl只hizumc，A. 日n【1Kus‘1kari， H.
1・lc.('trom:l只ncticTr江n日itionProbabilities for One-Quasineutron
:'¥;ltllr;11-I';lrity Rotational sands
Rcport of thc Joint Scminor on Heavy-Jon Nuclear Physics and Nuclear
Chemistry in the Energy Region of Tandem Accelerators (111) JAER1-M
Rcport R8-100 (1988) p.l0.
T
48. Oshima，ト1.，Minehara， E.， 1chikawa， S.， 1imura， H.， 1namura， T.，
l1ashizume， .， Kusakari， H. 呂nd 1wasaki， S.
Signature Dependence o~ Ml and E2 Transition Probabilities for the
i13/2 Rotational sand in 161Dy
Phys. Rev. C37 (1988) 2578.
T
一194
JAERI-M 89-119
A9. Oshima, M., Inamura, T., Hashizume, A., Kusakari, H., Sugawara, M., Minehara, E., Ichikawa S. and Iimura, H. Multiple Coulomb Excitation of !57Gd RIKEN Accel. Progr. Rep. Vol. 22 (1988) in press. T
50. Oshima, M., Inamura, T., Hashizume, A., Kumagai, H., Kusakari, H., Sugawara, M., Minehara, E., Ichikawa S. and Iimura, H. A Candidate for K^ = 4+ Double-Gamma Vibrational Band Head in 168]?r
RIKEN Accel. Progr. Rep. Vol. 22 (1988) in press. T
51. Oshima, M. Signature Dependence of Electromagnetic Transition Probabilities in Odd-A Nuclei Genshikaku Kenkyu Vol.33 No.6 (1989) 133. T
52. Oshima, M., Minehara, E., Kikuchi, S., Inamurj, T., Hashizume, A., Kusakari, H. and Matsuzaki, M. Rotational Perturbation to the Natural-Parity Rotational Band of 163Dy Phys. Rev. C39 (1989) 645. T
53. Otsuka, T. and Sugita, M. Unified Description of Quadrupole-Pctupole Collective States in Nuclei Phys. Lett. B209 (1988) 140.
54. Otsuka, T. and Sugita, M. Proton-Neutron s-d-g Boson Model and Spherical-Deformed Phase Transition Phys. Lett. B215 (1988) 205.
55. Otsuka, T. and Sugita, M. Unified Description of Quadrupole-Octupole States in Nuclei Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Contemporary Topics in Nuclear Structure Physics, p.385 (Cocoyoc, Mexico, June 9-14, 1988).
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49. Oshima， M.， Inamura， T.， Hashizume， A.， Kusakari， H.， Sugawara， M.，
Minehara， E.， Ichikawa S. and Iimura， H.
Mu1tip1e Cou1omb Excitation of 157Gd
RIKEN Acce1. Progr. Rep. Vo1. 22 (1988) in press.
T
50. Oshima， M.， Inamura， T.， Hashizume， A.， Kumagai， H.， Kusakari， H.，
Sllgawara， M.， Hinehara， E.， Ichikawa S. and Iimllra， H.
A Candidate for K甘 4+Doub1e-Gamma Vibrationa1 Band Head in 168Er
RIKEN Acce1. Progr. Rep. Vo1. 22 (1988) in press.
T
51. Oshima， ~I.
Signature Dependence of E1ectromagnetic Transition Probabi1ities in
Ocld-A Nuclei
Genshikaku Kenkyu Vo1.33 No.6 (1989) 133.
T
52. Oshima， ~I. ， ~Iinehara ， E.， Kikuchi， S.， Inamurd， T.， Hashizume， A.，
Kus司kari，H. andト!atsuzaki，M.
Rotationa1 Perturbation to the Natllral-Parity Rotational Band of 163Dy
Phys・Rev. C39 (1989) 645.
T
53. Otsuka， T. and Sll巴ita， ~1.
Unified Description of Quadrupo1e-Pctupole Col1巴ctiveStates in Nuclei
Phys. Lett. B209 (1988) 140.
54. Otsuka， T. and Sugita， M.
Proton-Neutron s-d-g Bo~on Mod巴1and Spherica1-Deformed Phase
Transition
Phys. Lett. 8215 (1988) 205.
55. Otsuka， T. and Sugita， M.
Unified Description of Qlladrupole-Octupole States in Nuclei
Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Contemporary Topics in Nuclear Structure
Physics， p.385 (Cocoyoc， Mexico， June 9-14， 1988).
-195-
JAERI-M 89-119
56. Otsuka, T. and Sugita, M. Alpha Decay from Quadrupole-Octupole Collective States of Actinide Nuclei J. Phys. Soc. Japan 58 (1989) Suppl., p.530. Proc. of the Fifth Int. Conf. Clustering Aspects in Nuclear and Subnuclear Systems, (Kyoto, July 25-29, 1988).
57. Otsuka, T. and Sugita, M. Proton-Neutron s-d-g IBM and Spherical-Deformed Phase Transition Report on the Joint Seminar on Heavy-ion Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Chemistry in the Energy Region of Tandem Accelerators (III) JAERI-M 88-100, p.19.
58. Otsuka. T. and Sugita, M. A Unified Description of K71 = 0 + and K" = 0~ Bands from Octupole Vibrational to Octupole Deformed Nuclei Report on the Joint Seminar on Heavy-ion Nuclear Physics and Nuclear Chemistry in the Energy Region of Tandem Accelerators (III) JAERI-M 88-100 p.27.
59. Sugita, M. and Otsuka, T. Alpha Decay of Actinide Nuclei and the SPDF Boson Model. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Developments of Nuclear Cluster Dynamics (Sapporo, 1988) p.88.
60. Sugita, M. Triaxial Deformation in Finite Systems Genshikaki Kenkyu Vol.33 (1989) No.6 p.171.
61. Sugita, M., Otsuka, T. and Gelberg, A. Devydov-Filippov Limit of the IBM Nucl. Phys. A493 (1989) 350.
62. Sugiyama, Y., Tomita, Y., Ikezoe, H., Ideno, K., Jujita, H., Sugimitsu, T., Kato, N. and Kubono, S. Effect of Transfer Reactions Observed in Elastic Scattering of 28si+58,64Ni near the Coulomb Barrier Proc. of the JAERI Int. Sym. on Feavy-Ion Reaction Dynamics in Tandem Energy Region, (Hitachi, 1988), p.85. T
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]AERI-M 89-119
56. Otsuka， T. and Sugita， M.
A1pha Decay from Quadrupo1e-Octupo1e Co11ective States of Actinide
Nuclei
J. Phys. Soc. Japan 58 (1989) Supp1.， p.530.
Proc. of the Fifth lnt. Conf. Clustering Aspects in Nuclear and
Subnuclear Systems， (Kyoto， July 25-29， 1988).
57. Otsuka， T. and Sugita， M.
Proton-Neutron s-d-g IBM and Spherical-Deformed Phase Transition
Report on the Joint Seminar on Heavy-ion Nuclear Physics and Nuclear
Chemistry in the Energy Region of Tandem Accelerators (III)
JAERI-M 88-100， p.19.
58. Ot日lIki1. T. 凡ndSugita， M.
A Unified Description of Kτ0+ and K甘 0-Bands from Octupole
Vibrational to Octupo1e Deformed Nuclei
Report on the Joint Seminar on Heavy-ion Nuclear Physics and Nuclear
Chemistry in the Energy R巴gionof Tandem Accelerators (111)
JAERIート188-100 p.27.
59. Sugit♂， M. and Otsuka， T.
Alpha Decay of Actinide Nuclei and the SPDF Boson Model.
I'roceedings of the Intern，ltional Symposium on Developments of Nuclear Clllster Dynamics (Sapporo， 1988) p.88.
60. Sugi t口，ト1.
Triaxial Deformation in Finite Systems
Gen日hikakiKenkyu Vol.33 (1ヲ89) No.6 p.171.
61. Sugita， M.， Otsuka， T. and Gelberg， A.
Devydov-下ilippovLimit of the IBM
Nucl. Phys. A493 (1989) 350.
62. Sugiyama， Y.， Tomita， Y.， lkezoe， H.， ldeno， K.， Jujita， H.，
Sugimitsu， T.， Kato， N. and Kubono， S.
Effect of Transfer Reactions Observed in Elastic Scattering of
28Si+58，64Ni near the Coulomb Barrier
Proc. of th巴 JAERI Int. S戸n. onドeavy-lonReaction Dynamics in Tandem
Energy Region， (Hitachi， 1988)， p.85.
T
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6 3 . Sugiyama, Y . , Iwamoto, A. and I k e z o e , H. ( E d i t o r s )
P r o c . of t h e JAERI I n t . Sym. on Heavy-Ion Reac t ion Dynamics in Tandem
Energy Region ( H i t a c h i , 1988) .
T
64. Sugiyama, Y,, Tomita, Y., Ikezoe, H., Ideno, K., Jujita, H., Sugimitsu, T., Kato, N., Kubono, S. and Landowne, S. Contribution of Nuclear Transfer to the ELastic Scattering of 28si+58,64Ni near the Coulomb Barrier Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989) 1727. T
65. Takahiro, K., Nakajima, H., Ynmaguchi, S., Jujino, Y., and Naramoto, H. Retention and Release of Deuterium Implanted into VCx(x=0.44-0.95) Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B33 (1988) 734. V
66. Takeuchi, S. Development of the JAERI Tandem Superconducting Booster Proc. of the First Workshop on Tankem Accelerators and Associated Technology (Tokyo, 1988) 66.
67. Takeuchi, S., Ishii, T. and Ikezoe, H. Niobium Superconducting Quarter Wave Resonators as a Heavy Ion Acceleratinf Structure Nucl. Instr. and Meth. to be published.
68. l'omita, Y., Tshii, T., Takeuchi, S., Kikuchi S. and Minehara E. Beam Optics of a Superconducting Booster for the JAERI Tandem Accelerator JAERI-M 88-155 (1988) .
69. Yokomizo, H., Sasaki, S., Harami, T., Yanagida, K., Konishi, H., Mashiko, K., Kawarasaki, Y., Ohkubo, M., Harada, Y., Sasamoto, N., Ashida, K., Harada, S., Hashimoto, H., Iizuka, M., Kabasawa, M., Nakayama, K., Yamada, K. and Suzuki, Y. Design of A Small Storage Ring in JAERI Proc. of the European Particle Accelerator Conference (Rome, 1988).
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]AERI-M 89-119
63. Sugiyama， Y.， Iwamoto， A. and Ikezoe， H. (Editors)
Proc. of the JAERI Int. Sym. on Heavy-Ion Reaction Dynamics in Tandem
En巴rgyRegion (Hitachi， 1988).
T
64. Sugiyama， Y.， Tomita， Y.， Ikezoe， H.， Ideno， K.， Jujita， H.，
Sugimitsu， T.， Kato， N.， Kubono， S. and Landowne， S.
Contribution of Nuc1ear Transfer to the ELastic Scattering of
28Si+58，64Ni near the Cou1omb Barrier
Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989) 1727.
T
65. T<11くahiro，K.， Nakajima， H.， Yamaguchi， S.， Jujino， Y.， and Naramoto， H.
Retention and Release of Deuterium Implanted into VCx(x=O.44-0.95)
Nucl. 1nstr. and Meth. B33 (1988) 734.
V
66. Takeuchi， S.
Dcvclopmcnt of the JAERI Tandem 5uperconducting Booster
Proc. of the First Workshop on Tankem Accelerators and Associated
Technology (Tokyo， 1988) 66.
67. T.1kcuιhi， 5.， Ishii， T.ュnd lkezoe， H.
Niobium Superconducting Quartcr Wave Resonators as a Heavy Ion
Acceleratinf Structure
Nucl. 1nstr. and t1eth. to be published.
68. Iomita， Y.， T5hii， T.， Takeuchi， 5.， Kikuchi S. and Minehara E.
Beam Optics of a Superconducting Booster for the JAERI Tandem
Accelerator
JAERI-M 88-155 (1988).
69. Yokomizo， H.， Sasaki， S.， Harami， T.， Yanagida， K.， Konishi， H.，
Mashiko， K.， Kawarasaki， Y.， Ohkubo， M.， Harada， Y.， 5asamoto， N.，
Ashida， K.， Harada， S.， Hashimoto， H.， Iizuka， H.， Kabasawa， M.，
Nakayama， K.， Yamada， K. and Suzuki， Y.
Design of A Smal1 Storage Ring in JAERI
Proc. of the European Partic1e Acce1erator Conference (Rome， 1988).
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J A E R I - M 89-119
70. Yokomizo, H., Yanagida, K., Sasaki, S., Harami, T., Konishi, H., Mashiko, K., Ashida, K., Harada, S., Hashimoto, H., Iizuka, M., Kabasawa, M., Nakayama, K., Yamada, K. and Suzuki Y. Construction of A Compact Electron Storage Ring JSR Rev. Sci.
71. Yckota, Y., Nakagawa, T., Ogihara, M., Komatsubara, T., Fukuchi, Y., Suzuki, K., Galster, W., Nagashima, Y., Furuno, K., Lee, S. M., Mikumo, T., Ideno, K., Tomita, Y., Ikezoe, H., Sugiyama, Y. and Hanashima, S. Energy Damping Feature in Light Heavy-Ion Reactions Z. Phys. A (1989) in press. T
72. Yokoyama, A., Saito, T., Shoji, M., Baba, H., H., Baba, S., Hata, K., Sekine, T. and Ichikawa, S. Nucleon Transfer in Highly Mass-Asymmetric Reaction Systems between 19^Au a n c[ Relatively Light Projectiles in the Energy Region below 10 MeV/u I. Target-like Products Z. Phys. A332 (1989) 61. Z. I'hys. A332 (1989) 61. T
73. Yokoyama, A., Saito, T., Baba, H., Hata, K., Nagame, Y., Ichikawa, S., Baba, h. , Sinohara, A. and Imanishi, N. Nucleon Transfer in Highly Mass-Asymmetric Reaction Systems between '97,\u ;irci Relatively Light Projectiles in the Energy Region below 10 MeV/i, II. Projectile (190)-like Products Z. Phys. A 332 (1989) 71. T
74. Yoshikawa, H., and Mashiko, K. An Electron Gun for JAERI-FEL Proceedings of the 13th Linear Accelerator Meeting in JAPAN (Electrotechnical Laboratory), Sept. 7-9, 1988 p.115.
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]AERI-M 89-119
70. Yokomizo， 11.， Yanagida， K.， Sasaki， S.， Harami， T.， Konishi， H.，
Mashiko， K.， Ashida， K.， Harada， S.， Hashimoto， H.， Iizuka， H.，
Kabasawa， H.， Nakayama， K.， Yamada， K. and Suzuki Y.
Construction of A Compact Electron Storage Ring JSR
Rev. Sci. Instrum.， 1989.
71. Yckota， Y.， Nakagawa， T.， Ogihara， M.， Komatsubara， T.， Fukuchi， Y.，
Suzuki， K.， Galster， W.， Nagashim呂， Y.， Furuno， K.， Lee， S. H.，
Mikumo， T.， Ideno， K.， Tomita， Y.， Ikezoe， H.， Sugiyama， Y. and
Hanashima， S.
En巴rgyDamping Feature in Light Heavy-Ion Reactions
Z. Phys. A (1989) in press.
T
72. Yokoyama， A.， Saito， T.， Shoji， M.， Baba， H.， H.， Baba， S.， Hata， K.，
Sekine， T. and Ichikawa， ~.
Nucleon Transfer in Highly Mass-Asymmetric Reaction Systems between
197AuユndRe1atively Light Projectiles in the Energy Region below
10 HeV/u 1. Target-like Products Z. Phys. A332 (1989) 61.
Z. l'hys. A332 (1989) 61.
T
73. Yokoyama， A.， Saito， T.， Baba， H.， Hata， K.， Nagame， Y.， Ichikawa， S.，
8aba， ~.， Sinohar江， A. and Jmanishi， N.
Nucleon Tr;msfer in Highly Mass-Asymrnetric Reaction Systems between
197Au ard Relative1y Light Projecti1es in the Energy Region below
10 MeV/I' II. Projecti1e (190)ーlikeProducts Z. Phys. A 332 (1989) 71.
T
74. Yoshikawa， H.， and Mashiko， K.
An Electron Gun for JAERI-FEL
Proceedings of the 13th Linear Accelerator Meeting in JAPAN
(Electrotechnical Laboratory)， Sept. 7-9， 1988 p.115.
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JAER I-M 89-119
Scientific Meetings
Fujita, H., Kato, N., Sugimitsu, T. and Sugiyama, Y. Three-Body Coupled Channel Analysis of 1 9 F + 1 2 C a n cj 19p+16o Elastic and Inelastic Scattering International Conference on Cluster '88, Kyoto (July 25-29, 1988). T
Hasegawa, K., Mizumoto, M., Yamanouchi, Y., Chiba, S., Igashira, M., Uchiyama, T. and Kitazawa, H. Measurements of Gamma-ray Production Cross Sections of Al, Si, Fe, Pb and Bi at the Incident Neutron Energy of 10 MeV Autumn Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan in Kobe (Oct. 8-10, 1988). T
Hasegawa, K., Mizumoto, M., Yamanouchi, Y., Chiba, S., Sugimoto, M., Igashira, M., Kitazawa, H., Uchiyama, T. Measurements of Gamma-ray Production Cross Sections at En=11.5 MeV Using lj[(llp n ) H c reaction Annual Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan in Ohsaka (Apr. 5-7, 1989). T
Hoshiya, T., Takamura, S. and Aruga, T. Effects of He Ion Irradiation on Superconductivity of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 Films Spring Meeting of the Japan Society of Applied Physics in Chiba (Apr. 1-4, 1989). V
Ideno, K., Tomita, Y., Sugiyama, Y., Ikezoe, H., Hanashima, S. and Nagame, Y. Detection of 8Be nuclei from the Reactions 3 2 S + 6^Ni and 28si + 68z n
Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 6, 1988). T
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]AERI-M 89-119
Scientific Meetings
1. Fujita， H.， Kato， N.， Sugimitsu， T. and Sugiyama， Y.
Three-Body Coup1ed Channe1 Ana1ysis of 19F+12C and 19F+160 E1astic and
Ine1astic Scattering
Internationa1 Conference on C1uster '88， Kyoto (Ju1y 25-29， 1988).
T
2. Hasegawa， K.， Mizllmoto， 1'1.， Yamanouchi， Y.， Chiba， 5.， Igashira， 1'1.，
Uchiyama， T. and Kitazawa， H.
ト!eaSllrementsof Gamma-ray Production Cross Sections of A1， Si， Fe， Pb
and Bi at the Jncident Neutron Energy of 10 ~leV
Alltumnト!eetingof the Atomic Ener只Y ~ociety of Japan in Kobe (Oct. 8-
10， ] 988) •
T
3. Haseg江W3，K.，ト!izumoto，M.， Yamanouchi， Y.， Chiba， S.， Sugimoto， M.，
I日♂shirσ，ト!.， Kitaza¥v3， H.， Uchiyama， T.
トle;ISllrementsof Gamma-ray Production Cross Sections at En=1l.5 NeV
l'sing 1u(I1n，n)llC reaction
八nnll:J1 ~le('ting of the tomic Energy Society of Japan in Ohsaka (Apr.
5-7， 1989).
T
4. HoshiY;l， T.， T‘akamura， S. and Aruga， T.
Effects of Ile Ion Irradiation on Superconductivity of
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Fi1ms
Spring ~leetin広 of the Japan Society of App1ied Physics in Chiba (Apr.
1-4， 1989).
V
5. ldeno， K.， Tomita， Y.， Sugiyama， Y.， Ikezo巴， H.， Hanashima， S. and
Nagame， Y.
Detection of 8Be nuc1ei from the Reactions 32S + 64Ni and 28Si + 68Zn
Autumn Meeting of tl1e Physica1 Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 6， 1988).
T
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J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
Iimura, H., Ichikawa, S., Oshima, M., Sekine, T., Shinohara, N., Miyachi, M., Osa, A., Shibata, M., Yamamoto, H. and Kawade, K. Decays of 125La and 127La Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 3-6, 1988). T
Ikezoe, H., Shikazono, N., Tomita, Y., Sugiyama, Y., Ideno, K., Nngame, Y., Ohtsuki, T., Nakahara, H., Sueki, K. and Kobayashi, T. Charged particle Emission from Fission Process Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Ehime (Oct. 3-6, 1988). T
Ishii, T., Ishii, M., Saito, Y., Nakajima, M. and Ogawa, M. Nuclear Structure of 1 0 6 S n Autumn Meeting of the Phiysical Society of Japan in Mastuyama (Oct. 3-6, 1988). T
Tshii, Y., Noda, K. and Watanabe, H. Volume Change of Lithium Oxide by Lithium Ion Irradiation 2nd Sym. Fabrication and Properties of Lithium Creamics, American Ceramic Society in Indianapolis (Apr. 23-27, 1989). T
Iwamoto, A. and Takigawa, N. Anomaly of the Subbarrier Fusion Cross Section in '^Ce+^^Ge Scattering Fifth Int. Conf. on Clustering Aspects in Nuclear and Subnuclear Systems, Kyoto (July 25-29, 1988).
Iwamoto, A. and Takigawa, N. Effect of the Nuclear Structure on Subbarrier Fusion Reaction Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyaroa (Oct. 3-6, 1988).
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]AERI-M 89-119
6. Iimura， H.， Ichikawa， S.， Oshima， H.， Sekine， T.， Shinohara， N.，
Miyachi， M.， Osa， A.， Shibata， M.， Yamamoto， H. and Kawade， K.
D巴caysof 125La and 127La
Autumn Heeting of the Physica1 Society of Japan in Hatsuyama (Oct.
3-6， 1988).
T
7. Ikezoe， H.， Shikazono， N.， Tomita， Y.， Sugiyama， Y.， Ideno， K.，
Nagame， Y.， Ohtsuki， T.， Nakahara， H.， Sueki， K. and Kobayashi， T.
Charged partic1e Emission from Fission Process
Autumn H巴etingof the Physica1 Society of Japan in Ehi日le (Oct. 3-6，
1988) •
T
8. 15hii， T.， Ishii， H.， Saito， Y.， Nakajima， H. and Og且wa，H.
Nuc1巴arStructure of l06Sn
Autumn Heeting of the Phiysical Society of Japan in Hastuyama (Oct.
3-6，1988).
T
9. T 5 h i i， Y.， N od 3， K. 司nd¥.Jatanabe， H.
Volume Changp of Lithium Oxide by Lithium Ion Irradiation
2nu Sym. Llbrication and Properties of Lithium Creamics， American
Ceramic 只ocietyin Tndianapo1is (Apr. 23-27， 1989).
T
10. lwamoto， A. and Takigawa， N.
Anomaly of the Subbarrier Fusion Cross Section in 74Ge+74Ge Sじattering
Fifth Int. Conf. on C1ustering Aspects in Nuc1ear and Subnuc1ear
System日 Kyoto (July 25-29， 1988).
11. Iwamoto， A. and Takigawa， N.
Effect of the Nuclear Structure on Subbarrier Fusion Reaction
Autumn Heeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct.
3-6， 1988).
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J A E R 1 - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
12. Iwamoto, A. Nuclear Fission as a Multi-Dimensional Quantum Decay Problem Topical Meeting on Non-Linear Dynamics of the Nuclear Collective Motion, Kyoto (Dec. 5-7, 1988).
13. Iwamoto, A. Subbarrier Fusion Reaction: Shell Effect at the Barrier and Penetration in Multi-Dimensional Space Int. Conf. on Nuclear Reaction Mechanism, Calcutta (Jan. 3-9, 1989)
14. Iwase, A., Iwata, T., Sasaki, S., and Nihira, T. PKA Dependence of Damage Production and Damage Structure in FCC Metals Irradiated with Fnergetic Ions Spring Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Koriyama (Apr. 3, 1988). V T
15. Iwnse, A., Iwata, T., Nihira, T., and Sasaki, S. Radiation Annealing in Nickel and Copper by 100 MeV Iodine Ions. Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Hiroshima (Oct. A, 1988). V T
16. lwase, A., Masaki, N., Iwata, T. and Nihira, T. Ion Irradiation Effect on Oxide superconductors. Spring Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Hiratsuka (Mar. 29, 1989). T
17. Kawarasaki, Y. Japanese Activities on Storage Ring and RF Linac FEL Development The 10-th International FEL Conference in Jerusalem, Israel (Aug. 29-Sept. 2, 1988).
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JAER1-iv! 89-119
12. Iwarnoto， A.
Nuclear Fission as a Multi四 DirnensionalQuanturn Decay Problem
Topical Meeting on Non-Linear Dynarnics of the Nuclear Collective
Motion， Kyoto (Dec. 5-7， 1988).
13. hvarnoto， A.
Subb江rrierFusion Reaction: Shell Eff巴ctat the Barrier and Penetra-
tion in Multi-Dirnensional Space
Int. Conf. on Nuclear Reaction Mechanisrn， Calcutta (Jan. 3-9， 1989)
14. lwasc， lI.， 1117日t♂， T.， Sasaki， S.， and Nihira， T.
PKA Dependence of Darnage Production and Darnage Structure in FCC Metals
Irr日di‘atedwith Energetic Ions
Sprin日 ~leetin又 of the Physical Society of Japan in くoriyarna (Apr. 3，
1988).
¥，' T
15. 1¥1九日e，A.， l¥vatel， T.， Nihira， T.， 3nd Sasaki， S.
R:luLltion Annealing in Nickel and Copper by 100 ~leV Iodine lons.
八lltllrnnトleetingof th巴 Physical Society of Jap日n in Hiroshima COct. 4，
19RR) .
V T
16. 1I":18e， 1¥.，トlaS:lki，N.， IW:1ta， T. ，1nd Nihira， T.
Ion Jrradiation Effect on Oxide superconductors.
Springトleetingof the Physic日1Socicty o[ Japan in Hiratsuka (Mar. 29，
] 989) •
T
17. Ka¥"ar凡saki，Y.
J凡paneseActivities on Storage Ring and RF Linac FEL Developrnent
The 10-th Internationι1 FEL Conference in Jerusalern， Tsrael (Aug. 29-
Sept. 2， 1988).
201
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
18. Kawarasaki, Y., Ohkubo, M., Shikazono, N., Mashiko, K., Sugimoto, M., Sawamura, M., Yoshikawa, H. and Takabe, M. Linac for a Free Electron Laser Oscillator The 10-th International FEL Conference in Jerusalem, Israel (Aug. 29-Sept. 2, 1988).
19. Kawarasaki, Y. Overview of the Accelerators for Free Electron Laser Oscillators and the Design Considerartion on the JAERI Superconducting Linac International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics in Materials in Tokyo (Oct. 3-5, 1988).
20. Kawatsura, K., Yamazaki, Y., Komaki, K,, Kanai, Y., Sataka, M., Naramoto, H., Nakai, Y., Kuroki, K., Fujimoto, F., Kambara, T., Awaya, Y., and Stolterfoht, N. Zero-Degree Electron Spectroscopy in Energetic Ion-Atom Collisions (I) Annual Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Hiratsuka (Mar. 28-31, 1989). T
21. Kawatsura, K. , Sataka, M. , Naramoto, H., Nakai, Y., Yamazaki, Y., Komaki, K., Kuroki, K., Kanai, Y., Kambara, T., Awaya, Y. and Stolterfoht, N. Angular Moment\im Distribution of Autoionizing Rydberg States Produced by 64 MeV S Ions in Collisions with C Foils 13th Int. Conf. on Atomic Collisions in Solids in Aarhur, (Aug. 7-11, 1989). T
22. Kindo, T. and Iwamoto, A. Dynamical Fission Path as Multidimensional Quantum Decay Problem Fifth Int. Conf. on Clustering Aspects in Nuclear and Subnuclear Systems, Kyoto (July 25-29, 1988).
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JAER[-!¥1 89-119
18. Kawarasaki， Y.， Ohkubo， H.， Shikazono， N.， Hashiko， K.， Sugimoto， H.，
Sawamura， H.， Yoshikaw丘， H. and Takabe， H.
Linac for a Free E1ectron Laser Osci11at0:
The 10-th 1nternationa1 FEL Conferenc巴 inJerusa1em， Israe1 (Aug・29-
Sept. 2， 1988).
19. Knwarnsaki， Y.
Overvi巴w of th~ Acce1erators for Free E1ectron L江serOsci11ators and
thc Design Considerartion on the JAER1 Superconductin巴 Linac
Internation日1Symposi，，"， on Applied E1ectromagnetics in ~lateria1s in
Tokyo (Oct. 3-5， 1988).
20. Kawatsurn， K.， Yamazaki， Y.， Komaki， K.， Kanai， Y.， Sataka， H.，
r¥aramoto， H.， Nσkai， Y.， Kuroki， K.， Fujimoto， F.， Kambara， T.，
Awaya， Y.， and St01terfoht， K.
Zero-Degree E1ectron Spectroscopy in Energetic Ion-Ato~ Co11isions (1)
Annu江 1 ト~eting of the Physica1 Soci己tyof Japan in Hirntsuka (Har. 28-
31，1989).
T
21. K‘lI~nt 日 U r: l ， 1<.， S司taka，ト1.，Naramoto， H.， Nakai， Y.， Yamazaki， Y.，
Komnki， K.， 1くuroki，K.， Kanai， Y.， Kambara， T.， AHaya， Y. and
StolterfolJt， N.
，¥ngul:Jrト¥ompnt¥lmDistribution of Autoionizing Rydberg States Produced by
64 HcV S lons in Co11isions with C Foi1s
13th Int. Conf. on Atomic Co11isions in So1ids in Aarhus (Aug・7-11，
1989).
T
22. Kindo， T. 江nd l¥Vamoto， A.
Dynamical Fission Path as Hultidimensiona1 Quantum Decay Prob1巴m
Fifth Int. Conf. on Clustering Aspects in Nuc1ear and Subnuclear
Systems， Kyoto (July 25-29， 1988).
ー 202-
J A E R I - M 89-119
23. Kindo, T. and Iwamoto, A. Nuclear Fission as a Multi-Dimensional Quantum Decay Problem Autumn Meeting of Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 3-6, 1988).
24. Kusakari, H., Oshima, M., Sugawarn, M., Ono, Y., Inamura, T., Hashizume, A., Minehara, E., Ichikawa, S. and Iimura, H. Multiple Coulomb Excitation of Er and Nd nuclei Spring Meeting of Physical Society of Japan in Hiratsuka (Mar. 28-31, 1989). T
25. Maeta, H., Larson, B.C., Sjoreen, T.P., Oen, O.S and J.D. Lewis, J.D. Interstitial and Vacancy Loops in Ion-Irradiated Copper Autumn Meeting 88 of MRS Boston, USA (Nov. 1988).
26. Minehara, E., Nagai, R. and Takeuchi, M. Possible Application of High Tc Superconductors to Accelerator Components The 13th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan, Tsukuba (Sept. 7-9).
27. Minehara, E., Nagai, R. and Takeuchi, M. High Tc Superconducting Magnetic Shield for Nb Superconducting Cavity Resonator Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 3-6, 1988).
28. Mineharn, E., Nagai, R. and Takeuchi, M. Fabrication and RF Properties for High Tc Superconducting Waveguide, Coaxial Cable, and Cavity Resonator made of YBa2Cu30y-6 Spring Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Hiratsuka (Mar. 28-31, 1987).
29. Minehara, E., Obana, H., Nagai, R. and Takeuchi, M. Fabrication of High Tc Superconductor utilizing Oxygen Gas Plasma Spray Painting with Aqueous Spraying Materials Spring Meeting of the Japan Society of Applied Physics and Related Societies in Chiba (Apr. 1-4, 1989).
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JAERI-M 89-119
23. Kindo， T. and lwamoto， A.
Nuc1ear Fission as 3 Multi-Dimensiona1 Quantum Decay Prob1em
Autumn Meeting of Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 3-6，
1988).
24. Kusakari， H.， Oshima， M.， Sugawara， M.， Ono， Y.， Inamura， T.，
Hashizume， A.， Min巴hara，E.， Ichikawa， S. and limura， H.
Multip1e Cou1omb Excitation of Er and Nd nuc1ei
Sprin日 Meetingof Physica1 Scciety o[ Japan in Hiratsuka (Mar. 28-31，
1989).
T
25. ~1n eta ， H.， Laτson， B.C.， Sjoreen， T.P.， Oen， O.S and J.D. Lewis， J.D.
1nterstiti江1and Vacancy Loops in lon-Irradiated Copper
Autunmト!eetln日 88of ~ffiS Boston， US八 (Nov. 1988).
26. Minehara， E.， Nagai， R. and Takeuchi， M.
Possible Application of Hlgh Tc Superconductors to Accelerator
Components
The 13th Linear Accelerator Meetlng in Jap旦n，Tsukuba (Sept. 7-9).
27. ト!inehara，E.， N.1g.1i， R. and τ司keuchi，M.
High Tc Superconductlng MバgneticShie1d for Nb Superconductin巴
Cavity R0sonator
，¥utumn ~kcting of the Physica1 Society of Japan in Matsuyama
(Oct. 3-6， 1988).
28. Mlnehara， E.， Nagai， R. and Takeuchi， M.
Fabrication and RF Properties for High Tc Superconducting
Waveguide， Coaxia1 Cab1e， and Cavity Resonator made of YBa2Cu3u7-8
Spring Meeting of the Physica1 Society of Japan in Hiratsuka
(Mar. 28-31， 1987).
29. Minehara， E.， Obana， H.， Nagai， R. and Takeuchi， M.
Fabrication of High Tc Superconductor uti1izing Oxygen Gas P1asma
Spray Painting with Aqueous Spraying Materia1s
Spring Meeting of the Japan Society of App1i巴dPhysics and Re1ated
Societies in Chiba (Apr. 1四 4，1989).
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JAER I-M 89-119
30. Ming-Jing, D. Takahashi, N., Yokoyama, A., Baba, H., Baba, S., Hata, K. and Nagame, Y. 12C-Induced Fission of 2 3 3 U , 2 3 5 U and 2^V
The 32th Sym. on Radiochemistry in Tokai (Oct. 3-5, 1988). T
31. Mitamura, T., Kawatsura, K., Koterazawa, K., Iwasaki, H., Nakai, Y. and Terasawa, M. Ton Beam Analysis of Single Crystal Austenitic Stainless Steel 7th Symposium on Ton Beam Technology, Hosei univ. at llosei University in Koganei (Dec. 9-10, 1988). V
32. Mizumoto, M. On the Concept of an Energy Selective Neutron Source for Materials Irradiation Studies IFM1F Work Shop for the International Energy Agency in San Diego (Feb. 10-13, 1989).
33. Nagai, R., Shimoizumi, M., Takeuchi, M. and Minehara, E. Fabrication of High Tc Superconductor utilizing Oxygen Gas Plasma Spray Painting Method Autumn Meeting of the .Japan Society oi Applied Physics and Related Societies in Toyama (Oct. 4-7, 1988).
34. Magamc, Y., Ikezoe, H., Baba, S., Hata, K., Sekine, H., Ichikawa, S., Ideno, K., Yokoynma, A., Hatsukawa, Y. and Ohtsuki, T. Large Fragment Emission from the Highly Excited Compound Nucleus lO-'Ag The 32th Symposium on Radiochemistry in Tokai (Oct. 3-5, 1988). T
35. Naramoto, H. and Kazumata, Y. Ion Beam Analysis of Solid Materials Int. Sym. on Advanced Nuclear Energy Research "Near-Future Chemistry in Nuclear Energy Field" in Ooarai (Feb. 1989). T V
- 204 -
J A E R 1 -1¥[ 89-1 1 9
30. Ning-Jin!-!司 D. T呂kahashi，N.， Yokoyama， A.， Baba， H.， Baba， S.，
Hata， K. and Nagame， Y.
12C-Induced Fission of 233U， 235U呂nd238U
The 32th Sym. on Radiochemistry in Tokai (Oct. 3-5， 1988).
T
31. Nitamura， T.， Kaw凡tsura，K.， Koterazawa， K.， Iwasaki， H.， Nakai， Y.
and Terasawユ， H.
lon Beam Analysis of Single Crystal Austenitic Stainless Steel
7th Symposium on lon Beam Technology， Hosei univ. at llosei University
in Koganei (Dcc. 9-10， 1988).
V
32. Hizumoto ，~.
。n thc Concept of 日nEnergy Selective Neutron Source for Materials
Irr刀o1:Jtioll Studicf'
lFトIIFWork Shop for the International Ener日vAgency in San Diego
(Feb. 10-13， 1989).
33. :--;.1只3i，R.， Shimoizumi， M.， Takeuchi， M. and Minehara， E.
Fahrication of High Tc Superconductor utilizing Oxygen Gas Plasma
SprιIy た1In t ing ~[e thod
八utumn ~feeting (Jf the .Japan Soci ety of Applied Physics and Related
Societies 1n Toy凡m;1 (Oct. 4-7， 1988).
34. t¥九日江me，Y.， [kezoe， H.， Bab司， S.， Hata， K.， Sekine， H.， Ichikawa， S.，
Ideno， K.， Yokoyama， A.， Hatsukawa， Y. and Ohtsuki， T.
L九rgeFragmcnt Emission from the Highly Excited Compound Nucleu8 105Ag
The 32th Symposium on Radiochemistry in Tokai (Oct. 3-5， 1988).
T
35. N;守ramoto，H. and Kazumata， Y.
lon Beam An凡lysisof Solid Materials
In t. Sym.οn Advanced Nuclear Ene.rgy Research "Near-Future Chemistry
in Nuclear Energy Field" in Ooarai (Feb. 1989).
T V
-204--
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36. Noda, K., Ishii, Y., Matsui, H., Ohno, H., Watanabe, H. A Study of Tritium Behavior in Lithium Oxide by Ion Conductivity Measurements 1st Int. Sym. Fusion Nuclear Technology in Tokyo (Apr. 10-19, 1988). T
37. Noda, K., Ishii, Y., Ohno, H., Watanage, H. and Matsui, H. Irradiation Effects on Ion Conductivity of Lithium Oxide 2nd Sym. Fabrication and Properties of Lithium Ceramics, American Ceramic Society in Indianapolis (Apr. 23-27, 1989).
38. Oshima, M., Ichikawa, S., limura, H., Minehara, K., Kusakari, H., Inamura, T., Hashizume, A. and Sugawara, M. The Ground-State Rotational Bands of 1 5 7Gd and 1 7 3 Y b Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 3-6, 1988). T
39. Oshima, M. Signature Dependence of Electromagnetic Transition Probabilities in Odd-A Nuclei INS Sym. on Rotation and Vibration of Atomic Nuclei Tokyo, (Dec. 8-9, 1988) T
40. Ohtsuki, T., Hatsukawa, Y., Sueki, K., Naknhara, H., Shinohara, N. and Nagame, Y. Mass Division of Proton-Induced Fission in Actinides Spring Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Kohriyama (Apr. 1-3, 1988). T
-205-
]AERI-1vI89-119
36. Noda， K.， Ishii， Y.， Matsui， H.， Ohno， H.， Watanabe， H.
^ Study of Tritium Behavior in Lithium Oxide by 10n Conductivity 1'k司surements
1st lnt， Sym. Fusion Nuclear Technology in Tokyo (Apr. 10-19， 1988).
T
37. Noda， K.， lshii， Y.， Ohno， H.， \~atanage ， H. anc1 Hatsui， H.
lrτadiation Effects on 10n Conductivity of Lithium Oxide
2nd Sym. F九bricationand Properties of Lithium Ceramics， Am巴rican
Ceramic Society in lndi司napolis (Apr. 23-27， 1989).
3R. Osllimιl， M.， Ichikawa， S.， lirnura， H.， Mineharδ， E.， Kusakari， H.，
lnarnura， T.， Hashizurne， A. anc1 Sugawar司， M.
The Ground-State Rotational Bands of 157Gd and 173Yb
Autumn Heeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Hatsuyama (Oct. 3-6，
1988).
T
39. Oshima， M.
日i只n‘ltureDependence of Electrornagnetic Transition Probabilities in
Odc1-A Nuclei
lNS Sym. on Rotation and Vibration of ii.tomi仁 Nuc1eiTokyo， (Dec. 8-9， 、‘，，，no
Qu
nヲ1
1
T
a
40. rnltsuki， T.， Hatsukawa， Y.， Sueki， K.， Nakahara， H.， Shlnohara， N. and
Na日ame，Y.
門司5S Division of Proton-Induced Fission ln Actinides
Spring Heeting of the Physical Society of Japan ln Kohriyama (Apr. 1-3，
1988).
T
-205-
41. Ohtsuki, T., Sueki, K., Hatsukawa, Y., Nakahara, H., Shinohara, N. and Nagame Y. Low-Energy Nuclear Fission of Actinide Elements Fifth Int. Conf. on Clustering Aspects in Nuclear and Subnuclear Systems in Kyoto (Jul. 25-29, 1988). T
42. Sawamura, M. Beam Dynamics of JAERI FEL Linac 7th Meeting of Light Source Development, Institute for Molecular Science, (Feb. 14, 1989).
43. Shinohara, N7., Ichikawa, S., Iimura, H. and Tsukada, K. Separation and Measurement of Short-Lived Nuclides with SISAK The 32nd Symposium on Radiochemistry in Tokai (Oct. 3-5, 1988). T
44. Shinohara, N., Alstad, J., Baba, S., Fujiwara, I., Ichikawa, S., Iimura, H., Otsuki, T., Tsukada, K. and Umezawa, H. A Study of Short-lived Ruthenium Isotopes Produced in the Spontaneous Fission of 2 5 2 C f using SISAK Int. Sym. on Advanced Nucl. Ener. Res. "Near-Future Chem. in Nucl. F.netr. Field" in Oarai (Feb, 15-16, 1989). T
45. Sugimoto, M, Design of the Electrode Shape of the Injection gun for the JAERI Free Electron Laser Proc. of tne 13th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan, in Tsukuba (Sept. 7-9, 1989),
46. Sugita, M. and Otsuka, T. The spdf Boson Model and Phase Transition from Y3 Deformed to Y3 Vibrational Spring Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Kooriyama (Apr. 1, 1988).
-206-
41. Ohtsuki， T.， Sueki， K.， Hatsukawa， Y.， Nakahara， H.， 5hinohara， N. and
Nagame Y.
Low-Energy Nuclear Fission of Actinide E1ements
Fifth Int. Conf. on Clustering Aspects in Nuc1ear and 5ubnuc1ear
5ystems in Kyoto (Ju1. 25-29， 1988).
T
42. S江wamur日，ト1.
Beam Dynamics of JAERI FEL Linac
7th Meeting of Light 50urce Developm巴nt，Institute for Molecular
Scicnce， (Fcb. 14， 1989).
43. Shinoh日ra，N.， Ichikawa， 5.， Iimura， H. and Tsukada， K.
Separation and Measurement of 5hort-Lived
Nuclides with 5I5AK
The 32nd 5戸nposiumon Radiochemistry in Tokai (Oct. 3-5， 1988).
T
44. Shinohara， N.， Alstad， J.， Baba， 5.， Fujiwara， I.， Ichikawa， 5.，
Iimura， H.， Otsuki， T.， Tsukada， K. and Umezawa， H.
^ Study of Short-liv巴dRuthenium Isotopes Produced in the 5pontaneous
Fis~ion of 252Cf using SISAK
lnt. Sym. on Advanced Nuc1. Ener. Res. "Near-Futur巴 Chem. in Nuc1.
Ener. Field" in Oarai (Feb， 15-16， 1989).
T
45. Su只imoto，H.
D巴si只nof the Electrode Shape of the Injection gun for the JAERI Free
Electron Laser
Proc. of tne 13th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan， in Tsukuba (Sept. 7-9， 1989).
46. Sugita， M. and Otsuka， T.
The spdf Boson Mode1 and Phase Transition from Y3 Deformed to Y3
Vibrational Spring Meeting of the Physical 50ciety of Japan in
Kooriyama (Apr. 1， 1988).
-206-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
47. Sugita, M., Otsuka, T. and Gelberg, A. Devydov-Filippov Limit of the IBM Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 6, 1988).
48. Sugita, M. Deformation and Shape-Coexistence in a Mass Range around A=80 Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 6, 1988).
49. Sugiyama, Y., Tomita, Y., Ikezoe, H., Ideno, K., Fujita, H., Sugimltsu, T., Kato, N. and Kubono, S. Effect of Transfer Reactions Observed in Elastic Scattering of 28si+58,64Ni n e a r the Coulomb Barrier Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 1988). T
50. Takeuchi, S., Ishii, T., Ikezoe, H., Ohkubo, M. and Ishii, M. Development of the JAERI Tandem Superconducting Booster Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 1988). T
51. Tsukada, K., Sueki, K., Kobayashi, T., Otsuki, T., Nakahara, H., Shinohara, N., Ichikawa, S., Kobayashi, Y. and Hoshi, M. Development of On-line Rapid Chemical Separation System (II) The 32nd Symposium on Radiochemistry in Tokai (Oct. 3-5, 1988). T
52. Yamanouchi, Y., Sugimoto, M., Chiba, S., Mizumoto, M., Watanabe, Y. and Hasegawa, K. Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 28.15 MeV Neutrons from **-C.
Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 1988). T
-207-
]AERI-M 89-119
47. Sugita， M.， Otsuka， T. and Ge1berg， A.
Devydov-Fi1ippov Limit of the IBM
Autumn Meeting of the Physica1 Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 6，
1988).
48. Sugita， M.
Deformation and Shape-Coexistence in a Mass Range around A=80
Autumn Meetinεof the Physica1 Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct. 6，
1988).
49. 5ugiyama， Y.， Tomita， Y.， 1kezoe， H.， 1deno， K.， Fujita， H.，
Sugimitsu， T.， Kato， N. and Kubono， S.
Effect of Transfer Reactions Observed in E1astic Scattering of
28Si+58，64Ni near the Cou1omb Barrier
Autumn Meeting of the Physica1 Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct.
1988).
T
50. Takeuchi， 5.， 1shii， T.， 1kezoe， H.， Ohkubo， M. and 1shii， H.
Deve10pment of the JAER1 Tandem Superconducting Booster
Autumn Meeting of the Physica1 Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct.
1988).
T
51. Tsukada， K.， 5ueki， K.， Kobayashi， T.， Otsuki， T.， Nakahara， H.，
5hinohara， N.， Ichikawa， S.， Kobayashi， Y. and Hoshi， M.
Deve10pment of On-1ine Rapid Chemica1 Separation System (11)
The 32nd Symposium on Radiochemistry in Tokai (Oct. 3-5， 1988).
T
52. Yamanouchi， Y.， Sugimoto， M.， Chiba， S.， Mizumoto， M.， Watanabe， Y.
and Hasegawa， K.
E1astic and 1ne1astic Scattering of 28.15 MeV Neutrons from 12C.
Autumn Meeting of the Physica1 Society of Japan in Matsuyama (Oct.
1988).
T
-207-
JAERI-M 89-119
Yamanouchi, Y., Sugimoto, M., Chiba, S., Mizumoto, M., Watanabe, Y. and Hasegawa, K. Neutron Scattering Cross Sections and Partial Kerma Factor on *-*C
Annual Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan in Osaka (Apr. 4-6, 1989). T
Yoshikawa, H., Sawamura, M., and Sugimoto, M. Design Study of JAERI-FEL OQD-89-18. Conference of Photo-quantum Device, IEEJ (1989).
-208-
JAERI-M 89-119
53. Yamanouchi， Y.， Sugimoto， M.， Chiba， S.， Hizumoto， M.， Watanabe， Y.
and Hasegawa， K.
Neutron Scattering Cross Sections and Partial Kerma Factor on 12C
Annual Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan in Osaka (Apr.
4-6， 1989).
T
54. Yoshikawa， H.， Sm..ramura， M.， and Sugimoto， M.
Design Study of JAERI-FEL
OQD-89-18. Conference of Photo-quantum Device， IEEJ (1989).
-208-
I
\t
I
J A E R I-M 8 9 - 1 1 9
PERSONNEL AND COMMITTEES
(April 1 9 8 8 - M a r c h 1989)
- 2 0 9 — C210) —
]AER I-M 89骨 119
咽 PERSONNEL AND COMMI TTEES
(Apri I J ~J 1:ì 8 --March J YI:i!:i)
-209 -(210)ー
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
Department of Physics
(1) Personnel
Naomoto Shikazono Director Yoichi Suto Administrative
Manager
Accelerators Division Scientific Staff
Technical Staff (Tandem, V.D.G)
Technical Staff (Linac)
Chiaki Kobayashi Shiro Kikuchi Suehiro Takeuchi Eisuke Minehara Susumu Hanashima Isao Ohuchi Yutaka Sato Tadashi loshida Susumu Kanda Katsuzo Horie Satoshi Tajima Yoshihiro Tsukihashi Shinichi Abe Shuhei Kanazawa Takashi Katuo
Agematsu Mashiko
lukio Nobusaka Tokio Shoji Nobuhiro Ishizaki Hidekazu Tayama
Nuclear Physics Laboratory Scientific Staff Mitsuhiko Ishii
* Head ** Leader, Technical Staff
211-
jAERI-M 89-119
( 1 ) Personnel
Department of Physics
Naomo七o Shikazono Direc七or
Yoichi Su七o Administrative
Manager
Accelera七orsDivision
* Scientific S七aff Chiaki Kobayashi
Shiro Kikuchi
Suehir。 Takeuchi
Eisuke Minehara
Susumu Hanashima
Technical S七aff Isao Ohuchi
(Tandem， V.D.G) Yu七aka Sato
Tadashi Yoshida
Susumu Kanda
Ka七suzo Horie
Sa七oshi Tajima
Yoshihiro Tsukihashi
Shinichi Abe
Sh吐1ei Kanazawa
Takashi Agema七su*舎を
Technical Staff Ka七uo Mashiko
(Linac) Yukio Nobusaka
Tokio Shoji
Nobuhiro Ishizaki
Hidekazu Tayama
Nuclear Physics Labora七ory
* Scien七ificS七aff Mi七suhiko Ishii
発 Head
保持 Leader， Technical S七aff
-211-
JAER I-M 89-1 19
Nuclear Physics Laboratory (continued) Scientific Staff Yoshiaki Tomita
Yasuharu Sugiyama Akira Iwamoto Kazumi Ideno Hiroshi Ikezoe Masumi Ohshima Tetsuro Ishii Michiaki Sugita
.inac Laboratory Scientific Staff Yuuki Kawarasaki
Makio Ohkubo Motoharu Mizumoto Yoshimaro Yamanouchi Masayoshi Sugimoto Satoshi Chiba
Solid State Physics Laboratory I Scientific Staff Yukio Kazumata
Hiroshi Naramoto Hiroshi Tomimitsu
Solid State Physics Laboratory II Scientific Staff Tadao Iwata
Saburo Takamura Hiroshi Maeta Mitsuo Watanabe Teruo Kato Akihiro Iwase Terufumi Yokota
* Head
•212-
jAERI-M 89・ 119
Nuclear Physics Laboratory (continued)
Scien七ificS七aff Yoshiaki Tomita
Yasuharu Sugiyama.
Akira 1wamoto
Kazumi 1deno
Hiroshi 1kezoe
Masumi Ohshima
Tetsuro 1shii
Michiaki Sugita
Linac Labora七ory4毛
Scientific Staff 主uuki Kawarasaki
Makio Ohkubo
Motoharu Mizumo七O
Yoshimaro Yamanouchi
Masayoshi Sugimoto
Satoshi Chiba
Solid S七a七ePhysics Labora七ory1
* Scien七ificStaff Yukio Kazumata
Hiroshi Naramo七o
Hiroshi Tomimitsu
Solid S七a七ePhysics Laboratory 11
* Scientific Staff Tadao 1wa七a
Sabur。 Takamura
Hiroshi Mae七a
Mi七suo Wa七anabe
Teruo Ka七o
Akihiro 1wase
Terufumi Yokota
発 Head
-212-
JAER1-M 89-1 19
Solid State Physics Laboratory III Scientific Staff Masanobu Sakamoto
Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory Scientific Staff Yohta Nakai
Kiyoshi Kawatsura Masao Sataka
Synchrotorn Radiation Research Laboratory Scientific Staff Yasuo Suzuki
Hideaki Tokoraizo Taikan Harami Shigemi Sasaki Hiroyuki Konishi Kenich lanagida
Department of Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry Laboratory Scientific Staff Michio Hoshi
Shin-ichi Ichikawa Nobuo Shinohara Hidenori Iimura loshii Kobayashi
Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Scientific Staff Tuji Baba
Toshio Suzuki
Physical Chemistry Laboratory Scientific Staff Mutsuhide Komaki
Jiro Ishikawa
Solid State Chemistry Laboratory Scientific Staff Teikichi Sasaki
Shigemi Furuno Takeshi Soga
213-
J AE R 1-~I 89・ 119
Solid Sta七ePhysics Laboratory 111
Scientific Staff Masanobu Sakamoto
Atomic and Molecular Physics Labora七ory
* Scien七ificS七aff Yoh七a Nakai
K1yoshi
Masao
Kawatsura
Sa七aka
Synchrotorn Radiation Research Labora七ory
* Scientific Staff Yasuo Suzuki
Hideaki Yokomizo
Taikan Harami
Shigemi Sasaki
Hiroyuki Konishi
Kenich Yanagida
Depar七mentof Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry Labora七ory
3cien七ificS七aff Michio * Hoshi
Shin-ichi Ichikawa
Nobuo Shinohara
Hidenori 1imura
主oshii Kobayashi
Analytiσal Chemistry Labora七ory
Scien七ificS七aff Yuji Baba
Toshio Suzuki
Physical Chemis七ryLabora七ory
Scien七ificStaff Mu七suhide Komaki
Jiro Ishikawa
Solid S七a七eChemis七ryLabora七ory
Scientific Staff -ユ、hu
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-213-
JAER I-M 89-119
Kiichi Hojou
Laser Chemistry Laboratory Shin Katsutoshi Furukawa
Scientific Staff Shin-ichi Ohno
* Head
-214-
J A E R 1 -:-'1 89 -1 1 9
Kiichi Hojou
Laser Chemis七ryLaboratory
Scientific S七aff
発 Head
Shin-ichi * Ohno
Katsutoshi Furukawa
-214-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
Department of Radioisotopes Isotope Research and Development Division Scientific Staff Sumiko Baba
Hiromitsu Matsuoka Kentaro Hata Toshiaki Sekine luichiro Nagame Takami Sorita Mlshiroku Izumo
Department of Fuels and Materials Research Radiation Effects and Analysis Laboratory Scientific Staff Akimichi Hishinumua
Takeo Aruga Shozo Hamada Tomotsugu Sawai Kats uinar o Fukai
Material Processing and Qualification Laboratory Scientific Staff Hitoshi Watanabe
Kenji Noda Yoshinobu Ishii
Material Innovation Laboratory Scientific Staff Hideo Ohno
Takanori Nagasaki Toshio Katano
* Head
-215-
JAERI-M 89-119
Departmen七 ofRadioisotopes
Isotope Research and Developmen七 Division
Scientific Staff Sumiko Baba
Hiromi七su Ma七suoka
Kentaro Hata
Toshiaki Sekine
Yuichiro Nagame
Takami Sorita
Mishiroku Izumo
Depar七mentof Fuels and Ma七erialsResearch
Radiation Effects and Analysis Laboratory
Scientific S七aff Akimichi * Hishinumua
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Material Processing and Qualification Laboratory
* Scien七ificS七aff Hi七oshi Wa七anabe
Kenji Noda
Yoshinobu Ishii
Ma七erialInnova七ionLabora七ory
'‘ Scien七ificS七aff Hideo Ohno
Takanori Nagasaki
Yoshio Ka七ano
持 Head
215一
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
Department of Health Physics Technical Staff Shoji it Izawa
Toshihiro Miyamoto Katsunori Sawahata
* Chief Radiation Control Division I I
- 2 1 6 -
JAERI-!V189-119
Depar七mentof Health Physics
Technical S七aff
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Katsunori Sawahata
発 ChiefRadiation Control Division 11
-216-
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
(2) Tandem Steering Committee
(Chairman)
(Secretary) (Secretary)
Kazumi Iwamoto
Yoshihiko Kaneko
Tatuo
Enzo
Eiji
Chiaki Yoichi
Kondo
Naomoto Shikazono
Tachikawa
Masatoshi Tanaka
Shikata
Kobayashi Suto
(Deputy Director General, Tokai Research Establishment) (Director, Department of Reactor Engineering) (Director, Department of Fuels and Materials Research) (Director, Department of Physics) (Director, Department of Chemistry) (Apr.1988-Dec.1988,:Director, Department of Thermonuclear Fusion Research. Jan.1989-:Director General, Naka Fusion Research Establishment.) (Director, Department of Radioisotopes) (Head, Accelerators Division) (Administrative Manager, Department of Physics)
-217-
jAERI-M 89-119
(2) Tandem Steering Committee
(Chairman) Kazumi Iwamoto (Deputy Direc七orGeneral， Tokai Research Establish~en七)
Yoshihiko Kaneko (Director， Depar七mentof Reac七or
Engineering)
Tatuo Kondo (Direc七or，Depar七mentof Fuels and
Materi昌lsResearch)
Naomo七o Shikazono (Direc七or，Depar七men七 of
Physics)
Enzo Tachikawa (Direc七or，Depar七men七 of
Chemis七ry)
Masa七oshi Tanaka (Apr.1988-Dec.1988，:Direc七or，Department of Thermonuclear
Fusion Research.
Jan.1989-:Direc七orGeneral， Naka Fusion Resee.~ 守h Es七ablishment.)
Eiji Shikata (Direc七or，Depar七men七 of
Radioiso七opes)
(Secretary) Chiaki Kobayashi (Head， Accelerators Division) (Secre七ary) Yoichi Su七O (Adminis七ra七iveManager，
Department of Physics)
-217一
J A E R I - M 89-119
(3) Tandem Consultative Committee
(Chairman) Takumi Asaoka
(Vice Chairman) Kazumi Iwamoto
(Vice Chairman) Naomoto Shikazono Hiromichi Kamitsubo
(Secretary)
K5ji
Kohzoh
Sadae
Chiaki Toichi
Nakai
Hiroyasu Ejiri Shiori Ishino Hiroyuki Tawara
Masuda
Shiro Iwata Ichiro Fujiwara
Kenji Sumita Naohiro Hirakawa Kbusuke Yagi
Syunpei Morinobu
Hiromichi Nakahara
Tamaguchi
Kobayasihi Suto
(Director General, Tokai Research Establishment) (Deputy Director General, Tokai Research Establishment) (Director, Department of Physics) (Principal Scientist, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) (Professor, National Laboratory for High Energy Physics) (Professor, Osaka University) (Professor, University of Tokyo) (Associate Professor, Institute of Plasma Physics, Nagoya University) (Professor, University of Tsukuba) (Professor, Kyoto University) (Professor, Otemon Gakuin University) (Professor, Osaka University) (Professor, Tohoku University) (Professor, the University of Tsukuba) (Associate Professor, Rerearch Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University) (Professor, Tokyo Metropolitan University) (Professor, The Perearch Institiule for Iron, Steel and other Metals, Tohoku University) (Head, Accelerators Division) (Administrative Manager, Department of Physics)
218-
JAERI-M 89・ 119
(3) Tandem Consul七a七iveCommi七七ee
(Chairman) Takumi Asaoka
(Vice Chairman) Kazumi Iwamo七o
(Vice Chairman) Naomoto Shikazono
(Secre七ary)
Hiromichi Kamitsubo
Koji Nakai
Hiroyasu Ejiri
Shiori Ishino
Hiroyuki Tawara
Kohzoh
Shiro
Ichir。
Kenji
Naohiro
kもus叫ce
Syunpei
Masuda
Iwata
Fujiwara
Sumita
Hirakawa
Yagi
Morinobu
Hiromichi Nakahara
Sadae
Chiaki
Yoichi
Yamaguchi
Kobayasihi
Su七o
-218一
(Direc七orGeneral， Tokai Research Es七ablishment)
(Depu七yDirec七orGeneral， Tokai Research Establishmen七)
(Direc七or，Depar七men七 ofPhysics)
(Principal Scientist， Ins七itu七eof
Physical and Chemical Research)
(Professor， Na七ionalLaboratory
for High Energy Physics)
(Professor， Osaka Universi七y)(PTofessor， Universi七Yof Tokyo)
(Associa七eProfessor， Ins七itu七eof
Plasma Physics， Nagoya Universi七y)
(Professor， University of Tsukuba)
(Professor， Kyo七oUniversity)
(Professor， 0七emonGakuin
Universi七y)
(Professor， Osaka Universi七y)(Professor， Tohoku Universi七y)(Professor，七heUniversi七Yof
Tsukuba)
(Associa七eProfessor， Rerearch Cen七erfor Nuclear Physics Osaka
Universi七y)
(Professor， Tokyo Me七ropo1i七an
Univerti七y)
(Professor， The Perearch Ins七i七iulefor Iron， S七eeland
o七herMe七als，Tohoku University)
(Head， Accelera七orsDivision)
(Adminis七rativeManager， Depar七men七 ofPhysics)
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
Koichi Umezawa (Director, Department of Radioisotopes)
Tadao Iwata (Head, Solid State Physics Laboratory II)
Yohta Nakai (Head, Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory)
-219-
]AERI-M 89-119
Koichi Umezawa (Direc七or，Department of
Radioisotopes)
Tadao Iwa七a (Head， Solid S七a七ePhysics
Labora七oryII)
Yohta Nakai (Head， Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory)
-219
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
(4) Tandem Program Advisory Committee
(Chairman) Naomoto Shikazono Hirokazu Umezawa
Shoji
Yohta
Tuuki
Shiro
Izawa
Hitoshi Watanabe
Nakai
Kawarasaki
Chiaki Kobayashi
Kikuchi
Tadashi Yoshida
(Director, Department of Physics) (Director, Department of Radioisotopes ) (Chief, Radiation Control Group, Department of Health Physics) (Head, Material Processing and Qualification Laboratory) (Head, Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory , Department of Physics) (Head, Linac laboratory, Deparrment of Physics) (Head, Accelerators Division, Department of Physics) (Accelerators Division, Department of Physics) (Accelerators Division, Department of Physics)
-220
]AERI-M 89-119
(4) 7andem Program Advisory Commi七七ee
(Chairman) Naomoto Shikazono (Direc七or，Departmen七 ofPhysics)
Hirokazu Umezawa (Direc七or，Depar七men七 of
Radioisotopes )
Shoji Izawa (Chief， Radiation Control Group， Depar七回en七 of Heal七hPhysics)
Hi七oshi Wa七anabe (Head， Material Processing and Qua1ifica七ionLabora七ory)
Yoh七a Nakai (Head， Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory ， Depar七mentof Physics)
Yuuki Kawarasaki (Head， Linac laboratory， Deparrmen七 ofPhysics)
Chiaki Kobayashi (Head， Accelerators Division， Department of Physies)
Shiro Kikuchi (Accelerators Division， Deuar七men七 ofPhysics)
Tadashi Yoshida (Accelera七orsDivision， Department of Physics)
← 220
J A E R I- M 3 9 - 1 1 9
W C O - O P E R A T I V E RESEARCHES
— 221 ~ C 2 2 2 ) —
]AER[-YI 89-119
f¥ CO -OPERAT 1 VE RESEARCHES
-221-(222)ー
J A E R I - M 89-119
Title Co-Operation Institution
2.1 High-Resolution Zero-Degree Electron Spectroscopy(I)
2.2 Ion Channeling Spectroscopy of Single Crystal Austenitic Stainless Steel
2.3 Perturbed Angular Correlation Measurement Using Pd-100/Rh-100 Nuclear Probes
College of General Education, The University of Tokyo* Faculty of Engeneering, Himeji Institute of Technology*
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University*
3.1 Ion Conductivity of Lithium Oxide Irradiated with Oxygen and Lithium Ions
3-3 Damage Structure Obtained by Cross-Sectional Observation in He-Ion Irradiated SiC
3.4 Electron Microscopic Observation of Lithium Aluminate Irradiated with Oxygen Ions
3.5 Defect Production by Electron Excitation in FCC Metals Irradiated with High Energy Heavy Ions
3.6 A Study of X-ray Diffraction on Irradiated GaAs Crystals
Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University*
Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd.
Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University*
Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University*
Faculty of Engineering, Tamagawa University*
4.1 Complex Fragment Emission in the Reaction 3 7Cl+ 6 8Zn
4.2 Fission Barrier Study in Actinides
123 4.3 Beta-Decay Studies of La and
127 La with an on-Line Isotope
Separator
Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University* Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Department of Nuclear Engineering, Nagoya University*
223-
]AERI-M 89・119
Title
2.1 High-Resolution Zero-Degree
Electron Spectroscopy(1)
2.2 10n Channeling Spec七roscopyof
Single Crys七alAusteni七ic
Stainless S七ee工
2.3 Per七urbedAngular Corr叫 a七ion
Measuremen七 Using
Pd-100jRh-100 Nuclear Probes
3.1 10n Conduc七ivi七yof Li七hiumOxide
Irradia七edwith Oxygen and
Li七hiumIons
3.3 Damage Struc七ureOb七ainedby
Cross-SecもionalObservation
in He-1on Irradia七edSiC
3.4 Elec七ronMicroscopic Observa七ion
of' Li七hiumAluminate Irradia七ed
wi七hOxygen 10ns
3.5 Defec七 Productionby Elec七ron
Excitation in FCC Me七als
1rradia七edwi七hHigh Energy Heavy
10ns
3.6 A S七udyof X-ray Diffrac色i.onon
Irradia七edGaAs Crystals
4.1 Complex Fragmen七 Emissionin the 37，..， ，68 Reac七ion""Cl+~~Zn
4.2 Fission Barrier S七udyin Actinides
123 4.3 Beta-Decay S七udiesof'-"'La and
127 La wi七han on-Line 1so七ope
Separa七or
-223一
Co-Operation 1ns七i七ution
College of General Education， The Universi七Yof Tokyo発
Facu工七Yof Engeneering， Himeji 1ns七i七u七eof Technology発
1ns七i七u七efor Ma七erialsResearch， Tohoku Universi七y発
Facul七yof Engineering， Nagoya Universi七y発
Hi七achiResearch Labora七ory，Hitachi Ltd.
Facul七yof Engineering， Nagoya Universiちy発
Facul七Yof Engineering， Ibaraki University発
Facul七Yof Engineering， Tamagawa Universi七y骨
Department of Chemistry， Tokyo Me七ropolitanUniversity骨
Facul七Yof Science， Tokyo Me七ropo1i七anUniversi七y
Department of Nuclear
Engineering， Nagoya Universi七y‘
J A E R I - M 8 9 - 1 1 9
A Study of Short-Lived Actinides by Means of on-Line Chemical Separation System
Otemon Gakuin University*
Contribution of Nucleon Transfer to Elastic Scattering of OQ CO C}
Si+ ' Ni Near the Coulomb Barrier Measurements of Pre- Fission He Multiplicity to Investigate the Temperature Dependence of Level Density Parameter Electromagnetic Transition Probabilities in the Natural-Parity Rotational Band of 1 5 7 G d Electromagnetic Transition Probabilities in the Natural-Parity Rotational Band of 173 Yb Lifetimes and G-Factors of Excited
105, 04. 4. . 106_ States in Sn Nuclear Structure of '"In Structure of Actinide Nuclei and the SPDF Boson Model
Department of Physics, Kyushu University*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University
Faculty of Education, Chiba University
Faculty of Education, Chiba University
Tokyo Institute of Technology*
Tokyo Institute of Technology* Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
Scattering of 28.15 MeV Neutrons from 1 2 C
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University*
Camma-Ray Production Cross Sections Research Laboratory for of Al,Si,Fe,Pb and Bi at 10 and Nuclear Reactor, 11.5 MeV Tokyo Institute of Technology*
* Travel Expenses are supplied by JAERI
224-
J AE R 1 -M 89 -11 9
4.4 A Study of .')hor七ーLivedActinides 0七emonGakuin Universi七y発
by Means of on-Line Chemical
Separa七ionSys七em
5.1 Contribution of Nucleon Transfer Departmen七 ofPhysics， もoElas七icSca七七eringof Kyushu Universi七y発
28"， .58，64 Si+-"~'~"Ni Near七heCoulomb Barrier
ラ.2 Measuremen七sof Pre-Fission 4He Depar七men七 ofChemistry， Multiplicity to Investigate七he Faculty of Science， Tempera七ureDependence of Level Tokyo Metropolitan Universi七y
Densi七yParame七er
5.5 Electromagnetic Transi七ion Faculty of Education， Probabili七iesin七he Chiba University
Natural-Parity Rotational Band
of 157Gd
5.6 Electromagne七icTransi七ion Faculty of Education， Probabilities in七heNa七ural-Parity Chiba University
173 Rotational Band of . '-"Yb
5.7 Lifetimes and G-Fac七orsof Excited Tokyo Ins七i七u七eof Technology発
106 Sta七esin '--Sn
5.8 105 Nuclear Struc七ureof '--"In Tokyo Ins七itu七eof Technology発
5.10 S七ructureof Actinide Nuclei Depar七men七 ofPhysics， and七heSPDF Boson Mudel Universi七Yof Tokyo
6.1 Scat七eringof 28.15 MeV Neutrons Depar七men七 ofNuclear 12 from '-C Engineering， Kyushu Universi七y発
6.2 Camma-Ray Production Cross Sec七ions Research Labora七oryfor
of Al，Si，Fe，Pb and Bi a七 10and Nuclear Reactor， 11. 5 MeV Tokyo Ins七i七u七eof Technology者
発 TravelExpense自 aresupplied by JAERI
224-