[email protected] lahore, december 2013 transport connectivity for landlocked countries as a...
TRANSCRIPT
[email protected] Lahore, December 2013
Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development
2 brief comments upfront1) Bali2) UNCTAD’s Review of Maritime
Transport 2013 just released: – How long to implement Bali? – Which 4 countries register more than
50% of the world fleet? – How many tons of seaborne trade? – Who are the South Asian leaders in
shipping connectivity?– Which 2 countries build more than 2/3 of all
ships? – … see: http://unctad.org/rmt
• Transport
Connectivity
• for Landlocked
Countries
• as a tool of
development
More trade-> More transport
supply-> More
competition-> lower freights-> More trade
More income to finance trade facilitation
-> Better trade facilitation-> More Trade-> More income to finance
trade facilitation
Better services-> More trade-> More income to
finance infrastructure-> Better services
• Transport
Connectivity
• for Landlocked
Countries
• as a tool of
development
Sources for maps: http://www.ischool.drexel.edu/gissa/transport.html, http://www.mscgva.ch, Transport for London
Transport analysis:• Past: Port-to-port• Today: Door-to-door• Future: Network
Transport networks
Introducing containerizationleads to more trade
Bernhofen et al, 2013 The Economist 18 May 2013
Higher Container Shipping Connectivity leads to lower trade costs
(Arvis et al, 2013)
Better connectivity leads to lower freight rates
y = 1814.9e-0.0671x
R2 = 0.4348
0
500
1'000
1'500
2'000
2'500
3'000
3'500
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Number of Carriers providing direct services
Frei
ght r
ate
(Wilmsmeier and Hoffmann, 2008)
… more so than distance
y = 0.6206x + 1019.9
R2 = 0.2058
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500
Distance
Frei
ght r
ate
(Wilmsmeier and Hoffmann, 2008)
Liner Shipping Connectivity
Trends
http://stats.unctad.org/LSCI
• Transport
Connectivity
• for Landlocked
Countries
• as a tool of
development
Trade and Transport Facilitation is needed not to so much to cover “distance”, but to overcome border crossings.
The number of RTAs with trade facilitation provisions has grown six-fold in the last decade. Among new RTAs, more than 80% include Customs and other trade facilitation measures.
Interest of transit countries
• Transit traffic requires provision of services. Opportunities for investment in warehouses, vehicles and ports.
• Transit generates induced economic activities: restaurants & hotels, repairs & workshops, trade of petroleum products
• Economies of scale and improved connectivity reduce costs of the transit country’s own trade
Bali TF agreement: on transit
• Article 11 Freedom of Transit• Article 1 (publication)
Article 2 (consultations)Article 6 (penalty prov.) Article 7.7 (AEO)Article 8 (border agency cooperation)Article 10 (formalities)Also cover transit!
Special chapter in UNCTAD’s 2013Review of Maritime Transport
Assurance of uninterrupted transit: Consignments between trusted transit operator traders through trusted transit operator logistics providers should not be interrupted by any agency for any reason except in the case of clear evidence of a threat or violation. Assurance of uninterrupted transit should be adopted as a basic feature of all trusted transit operator programmes.
• Transport
Connectivity
• for Landlocked
Countries
• as a tool of
development
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade, • save time and frustrations, • improve governance, • empower women entrepreneurs, • strengthen regional integration, • modernize public administrations, • foster IT capacities, and• increase revenue collection.
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade • save time and frustrations
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade• save time and frustrations, • improve governance
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade• save time and frustrations• improve governance• empower women entrepreneurs
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade• save time and frustrations• improve governance• empower women entrepreneurs• strengthen regional integration
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade • save time and frustrations• improve governance• empower women entrepreneurs• strengthen regional integration• modernize public administrations
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade • save time and frustrations • improve governance • empower women entrepreneurs • strengthen regional integration • modernize public administrations • foster IT capacities
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade • save time and frustrations • improve governance • empower women entrepreneurs • strengthen regional integration • modernize public administrations • foster IT capacities• Improve security
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade, • save time and frustrations, • improve governance,
• empower women entrepreneurs, • strengthen regional integration, • modernize public administrations, • foster IT capacities, and• increase revenue collection.
Beyond trade policies… TTF is good for development
Trade and Transport Facilitation reforms help to …• formalize trade, • save time and frustrations, • improve governance, • empower women entrepreneurs, • strengthen regional integration, • modernize public administrations, • foster IT capacities, • Improve security, and• increase revenue collection.
The introduction of ICTs by Customs encourages SMEs to also connect to the internet
Developing ICTs
Developing Transit
A framework for bank guarantees for transit trade helps improve the financial system
Developing trust Increased transparency is good for
good governance in general
Developing Single Windows
A single window experience for trade may help to introduce single windows elsewhere
Implementation is more difficult for LDCs
More trade-> More transport
supply-> More
competition-> lower freights-> More trade
More income to finance trade facilitation
-> Better trade facilitation-> More Trade-> More income to finance
trade facilitation
Better services-> More trade-> More income to
finance infrastructure-> Better services
• Transport Connectivity
• for Landlocked Countries
• as a tool of development
Lower Trade Costs-> More trade-> Economies of scale-> Lower Trade Costs
… for both: landlocked and transit countries
[email protected] Lahore, December 2013
Transport Connectivity for Landlocked Countries as a tool of development
Thank you