japan modernizes hwh unit 8 chapter 13.1. japan before western imperialism shogunate ◦ feudal...
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Japan ModernizesHWH UNIT 8CHAPTER 13.1
Japan Before Western ImperialismShogunate
◦Feudal society Emperor at the top (largely symbolic) Shoguns (military dictators) ruled Daimyo: landholding warrior class Samurai: Fought for the Daimyo
Feudalism in Europe and Japan
EuropeKingLordVassalsKnightsPeasants
JapanEmperorShogunDaimyoSamuraiPeasants
The Tokugawa Shogunate (1603-1868)Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)
◦The First Tokugawa shogunCapital in Edo (now Tokyo)
◦Rigid feudal hierarchyConservative: emphasized farming and
traditional culture over trade and modernization
Attitude toward the West: Sakoku◦“Closed Country”◦All Westerners expelled (except a few Dutch
traders)◦ Jesuit missionaries caused Xenophobia
The Arrival of the West and the Collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate
Commodore Matthew Perry, 1853◦Sailed to Japan and
demanded trade◦Treaty of Kanagawa:
Opened Japan to the US Soon Europeans
gained access Extraterritoriality Spheres of Influence
The Arrival of the West and the Collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate
1867: The Shogunate is overthrown◦“Revere the Emperor, Expel the
Barbarians” Anti-Tokugawa slogan 1868: The emperor is “restored”
The Meiji RestorationEmperor Meiji“Rich Nation, Strong
Military”“Japanese Spirit, Western
Technology”Abolished the old feudal
systemIndustrialized and
modernized◦ Iwakura Mission:
government officials travel to the West
“The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.” -Japanese Official after visiting China, 1862
Meiji ReformsModern MilitaryModern NavyWesternized educationWritten Constitution (1889)Intensified emperor worshipAbolition of feudal systemModern banking
Industrialization in Meiji JapanGovernment-sponsored
capitalismZaibatsu: rich industrial families
◦Government helped establish business, family kept the profit
Japan Becomes Imperialist1876: Japan forces Korea to trade1894: Sino-Japanese War
◦China and Japan go to war over Korea
◦Treaty of Shimonoseki Japan gains land and influence in China
1905: Russo-Japanese War1910: Japan annexes Korea