japanese music (without video)

7/30/2019 Japanese Music (Without Video)

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Japanese music

邦楽



JAPANESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT

Shamisen Koto

Shakuhachi Biwa Kozutsumi



Shakuhachi ( 尺尺 )



o Shakuhachi – (i shaku ha sun)means 1.8 feet, the length of the classical flute.

o At 8th century –

Egypt => India&China => Japan

o At 13th century – becomesFuke sect of Buddhism.

o Initially, usually used bykomuso ("Priests of Emptinessand Nothingness")



Kozutsumi ( 尺尺 )



o Existed during 7th century,originally from China/India

o Kozutsumi (Shoulder HandDrum)

o Shoulder type of tsuzumi(Hour-glass shaped handdrum)

o Found in the music of Nohand Kabuki theatres



Biwa ( 尺尺 )



History:

o Came to Japan in the 7th

Century

o Evolved from the instrument

pipa (derive from similar

instrument from Western

Asia)



Types of Biwa:

o Classic biwao Middle and Edo biwa

o Modern biwa



Classic Biwa

Gagaku-biwa

o A large and heavy biwa with four string

and four frets used exclusively for

gagaku.

Gogen-biwa

o Can be seen in paintings of court orchestras and was used in

the context of gagaku

o Removed with the reforms and standardizations made to the

court orchestra during the late 10th Century

o Also disappear in the Chinese court orchestras.



Classic Biwa

Moso-biwa

o A biwa with four stings

o Used to play buddhist mantra and songs.

o Similar in shape to the chikuzen-biwa, but

with a much more narrow body.



Middle and Edo biwa

Heike-biwa

o With four strings and five frets.

o Used to play Heike Monogatari.

o Its plectrum is slightly larger than gagaku-biwa

but smaller than chikuzen-biwa.

Satsuma-biwa

o With four strings and four frets.

o Popular during the Edo Period in Satsuma

Province (Kagoshima)

o The frets are raised 4 centimeter from the neck

allowing notes to be bent several steps higher



Modern BiwaChikuzen-biwa

o

With four or five strings and four or five frets.o Popular in the Meiji Period.

o Five string version mostly used by contemporary

performers.

o Its plectrum is much smaller than Satsuma biwa.

Nishiki-biwao With five strings and five frets

o Its plectrum is the same as Satsuma

biwa



Koto ( 尺 )



History :

o The ancestor of the koto was the

Chinese zheng.

o Introduced to Japan in the 7th

and 8th century.

o The first version had five strings

then increased to 7 strings.

o In the early Nara Period, it is

increased to 12 strings then to

13 strings



Shamisen ( 尺尺尺 )



o Shamisen or known as

Samisen or Sangen

o Is a three-stringed

musical instrument

played with a plectrumcalled bachi.



Raw material for theinstruments



Raw material for Shakuhachi

o Madaké Bamboo or

o Torachiku Bamboo



Raw material for Biwa

o Rosewood or mulberry

o Chestnut

o Boxwood or sandalwood

o

Strings made of silk



Raw material for Koto

o Paulownia wood

o String made of silk

o Plectrum made of ivorycalled as “koto-Zume”

o Bridge called “kotoji” madeof wood and animal bonessuch as whalebone

o In recent years, “kotoji”

become plastic “kotoji”which is made from ivory.



Raw material for Shamisen

o Most prized wood forshamisen is koki is a veryhard imported kind of rosewood.

o Dog or cat skino Bridge or “koma” made

from ivory, water buffalohorn, whalebone, bamboo

and ebony.o String is made from silk.



Raw material for Kozutsumi

o body of the instrument is madeof cherry and is 25 to 27 cm.long.

o cup shaped parts have anexternal diameter of 10 cm.

and an interior diameter of 8cm.

o skins are horse skin and are 20cm. in diameter.

o external edge is black andthere are six holes.

o two skins are tied to the bodywith a long linen cord called the"tate shirabe," which is 4.5 m.long .



INSTRUMENTS ANDITS EVENT



INSTRUMENTS AND ITS EVENT

Shakuhachi and Shamisen is use in bunraku (puppet show)




Biwa is use in narrative story telling




Kozutsumi is use in kabuki – Japanese DanceDrama - perform in Japanese Theatre




Koto is usually perform in solo performance.Sometimes performed together with shamisen

and shakuhachi



VIDEOPRESENTATI

ON

Shakuhachi+ Koto

Shamisen



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