jenny wahl carleton college economics department
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Breakout Session 1: Colonists and Native Americans Land and beaver for war and disease: A fair trade?. Jenny Wahl Carleton College Economics Department. The Beaver “Game” (5 person group) part 1. Current beaver population: 10,000 Annual rate of population increase if no predators: 10% - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Breakout Session 1: Colonists and Native
Americans
Land and beaver for war and disease:
A fair trade?
Jenny WahlCarleton College Economics
Department
2
The Beaver “Game” (5 person group) part 1
Current beaver population: 10,000Annual rate of population increase if no predators:
10%
Possible per-family annual beaver consumption:15: scrape by20: adequate clothing, food, and medicine25: luxurious clothing, extra food and medicineany amount over 25 would rot
Each tribal representative in group speaks for 10 families
3
The Beaver “Game” (2 person group)part 1
Current beaver population: 10,000Annual rate of population increase if no predators:
10%
Possible per-family annual beaver consumption:15: scrape by20: adequate clothing, food, and medicine25: luxurious clothing, extra food and medicineany amount over 25 would rot
Each tribal representative in group speaks for 25 families
4
The Beaver “Game” (5 person group)part 2
Current beaver population: 10,000Annual rate of population increase if no predators:
10%
Possible per-family annual beaver consumption:15: scrape by20: adequate clothing, food, and medicine25: luxurious clothing, extra food and medicineany amount over 25 would rot
Each tribal representative in group speaks for 10 families
White man will buy up to 50 pelts from each tribe for 5 shillings/pelt
5
The Beaver “Game” (2 person group)part 2
Current beaver population: 10,000Annual rate of population increase if no predators:
10%
Possible per-family annual beaver consumption:15: scrape by20: adequate clothing, food, and medicine25: luxurious clothing, extra food and medicineany amount over 25 would rot
Each tribal representative in group speaks for 25 families
White man will buy up to 125 pelts from each tribe for 5 shillings/pelt
6
1050 1100 1125 1150 1200 1250 (1/5 cheat) (2/5 cheat) (1/2 cheat) (3/5 cheat) (4/5 cheat) (all cheat)
10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000
9950 9900 9875 9850 9800 9750 9895 9790 9738 9685 9580 9475 9835 9669 9586 9504 9338 9173 9768 9536 9420 9304 9072 8840 9695 9389 9237 9084 8779 8474 9614 9228 9036 8843 8457 8071 9526 9051 8814 8577 8103 7628 9428 8856 8571 8285 7713 7141 9321 8642 8303 7963 7284 6605 9203 8406 8008 7609 6813 6016 9073 8147 7684 7220 6294 5367 8931 7862 7327 6792 5723 4654 8774 7548 6935 6322 5095 3869 8601 7203 6503 5804 4405 3006 8411 6823 6028 5234 3646 2057 8203 6405 5506 4608 2810 1013 7973 5946 4932 3918 1891 -136 7720 5440 4300 3160 880 17 periods 7442 4884 3605 2326 -232 7136 4273 2841 1409 19 periods 6800 3600 2000 400 6430 2860 1075 -710 6023 2046 57 22 periods 5575 1150 -1062 5083 165 24 periods 4541 -918 3945 26 periods 3290 2568 1775 903 -57
32 periods
7
Fur Prices and Estimated Beaver Prices (Ft. Albany):
1700-1763
55
65
75
85
95
105
115
125
1700
1703
1706
1709
1712
1715
1718
1721
1724
1727
1730
1733
1736
1739
1742
1745
1748
1751
1754
1757
1760
1763
year
pri
ce in
dex
, rel
ativ
e q
uan
tity
price
population
sustainable population
8
The Importance of King Philip’s War
• Strength in numbers is critical -- subsequent rise in colonial birth rates
• A common enemy forges a common (non-British) identity
• Decimation of indigenous people helps clear the path for Western expansion
9
Subsequent Wars Involving Native Americans
• King William’s War (1689-97), War of the Grand Alliance. Treaty of Ryswick (1697).
• Queen Anne’s War (1702-13), War of the Spanish Succession. Treaty of Utrecht (1713).
• King George’s War (1744-48), War of Jenkins’ Ear/Austrian Succession. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748).
• French and Indian War (1754-63), Seven Years’ War. Treaty of Paris (1763).
• American Revolution (1775-83). Treaty of Paris (1783/4).
10
Infectious Disease Epidemics Other Than Smallpox, 1531-1778
Period Epidemic People affected
1531-1533 Measles New Spain, probably beyond the colony, northward including Pueblos and beyond
1545-1548 Bubonic Plague New Spain to Pueblos and perhaps beyond
1559 Influenza Southeastern peoples
1576 Bubonic Plague New Spain
1586 Typhus Tidewater Carolina tribes ; extending to southern New England tribes
1592-1593 Measles Sinaloa
1601-1602 Diphtheria Central New Spain to Sinaloa
1602 Measles Sinaloa
1611 Typhus Sinaloa
1612-1619 Bubonic Plague New Spain to Florida and New England
1633-1634 Measles New England, New France, and Great Lakes groups;
1647 Influenza New England tribes
1658-1659 Measles Canadian tribes; Florida peoples to Mexico City-with diphtheria
1659 Diphtheria New England and Canadian tribes
1675 Influenza Iroquois and New England tribes
1692-1693 Measles Illinois peoples; Oneidas
1696-1698 Influenza Possible component with smallpox epidemic among Gulf Coast and southeastern peoples
1713-1715 Measles New England tribes to Illinois
1720 Typhus "Marseilles Fever"among Naskapi
1727-1728 Measles Mexico City to California tribes; Florida peoples; possibly New England groups
1742 Typhus Lower California tribes; possibly Choctaw
1746 Influenza Possible component with smallpox epidemic among northeastern tribes
1759-1760 Measles Possibly southeastern peoples
1761 Influenza All Native Americans in North America
1767 Bubonic Plague Louisiana peoples
1776-1778 Measles Possibly in Plains, Hudson Bay, and Texas tribes
11
Smallpox Epidemics, 1520-1783Period People or place affected
1520-1524 From Chile across present-day United States
1592-1593 Central Mexico to Sinaloa; southern New England; eastern Great Lakes
1602 Sinaloa and northward
1639 French and British northeastern North America
1646-1648 New Spain to Nuevo Leon tribes and western Sierra Madre to Florida
1649-1650 Northeastern tribes; Montagnais-Neskapi to Quebec, Huron, and Iroquois; Florida
1655 Florida chiefdoms
1662-1663 Iroquois, Delaware; Canadian tribes; Central Mexico
1665-1667 Florida chiefdoms to Virginia tribes
1669-1670 French and British northeastern North America
1674-1675 Coahuiltecan tribes of Texas; northeastern New Spain
1677-1679 French and British northeastern North America
1687-1691 Northeastern tribes on British and French frontiers; Texas tribes
1696-1699 Southeastern and Gulf Coast chiefdoms
1701-1703 Northeastern tribes to Illinois
1706 Coahuiltecan tribes of Texas and northeastern New Spain
1755-1760 From Canada, New England, and Great Lakes to Virginia, Carolinas, and Texas
1762-1766 From Central Mexico through Texas and the Southeast to Northwest Coast
1779-1783 From Central Mexico across all of North America
12
Various Population EstimatesIndigenous tribes (very rough)
• Atlantic/Gulf region (1600-50): 220,000 – 2 million?• Plains region (1600s): 100,000?
• East of Mississippi (1750) – 200,000?
• Plains/Rockies/California/Alaska (mid-1800s): 500,000?
• Atlantic/Gulf (1907): 86,770• Plains/Rockies/California/Alaska (1907): 181,000
Whites• 1610: 350• 1650: 49,000• 1780: 2,210,000
Total• 1790: 3,929,000• 1850: 23,261,000• 1907: 87,008,000
13
Interlocking Causes of Native Population Decline
War Disease
14