kivi jan leen
TRANSCRIPT
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KIVI, 13 mei 2011, Den Haag
Jan Leen KloostermanDelft University of Technology
Fukushima 2011
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
• Safety of Nuclear Power Plants• Earthquake and Tsunami• Accident initiators and progression
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Nuclear fission
Fissioning of 1 gram uranium yields as much energy asburning 2500 liters petrolor 3000 kilograms coal
radioactive
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Distribution of energy
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Fission product distribution
80 100 120 140 16010-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
M as s num ber A
Yie
ld (%
)
LW R
U-235P u-239P u-241 I-131
Cs-137Sr-90
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Nuclear fuel
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Fuel assembly
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Reactor safety
• Reactivity control• Fuel cooling (in and outside reactor pressure vessel)• Safe confinement of radioactivity
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U-235
Moderator
U-235U-238
Moderator feedback
Doppler feedback
1) Stable system
2) Loss of coolant stops fission chain reaction3) Loss of moderation stops fission chain reaction
Pu-239
Feedback coefficients
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Also after shut down of the reactor, the fuel needsto be cooled for a long time!
Dec
aypo
wer
/ M
Wth
Dec
ayen
ergy
/ M
Wd
Time / day
Decay heat production
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Decay heat production
Dec
aypo
wer
/ M
Wth
Verv
alen
ergi
e /
MW
d
Time / day
300 kg/MWth
water@SBP
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Fuel rod
Primary system (steel)
Containments(2x concrete+steel)
Containments nuclear power plant
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Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants
Unit Type ContainmentPower (MWe)
Core#
Fuel type
1 BWR3 Mark I 460 400 UO2
2
BWR4 Mark I 784
548 UO2
3 548516 LEU32 MOX
4 - UO2
5 548 UO2
6 BWR5 Mark II 1100 764 UO2
Source: NRG
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Ground AccelerationValues
Source: JAIF
Measured accelerations did not exceed design base values significantly
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Fukushima Daiichi nuclear site
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Fukushima Daiichi nuclear site
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Aerial view Fukushima Daiichi
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Fukushima Daiichi after Tsunami
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Plant design
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Plant design
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Plant design
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 26
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Plant design
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Plant design – service floor
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Plant design – service floor
Lifting the containment closure head
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 30
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Plant design – reactor vessel head
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 32
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 34
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
14 m
15:41
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 36
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 38
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 40
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 42
KIVI, 13 mei 2011, Den Haag
Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 44
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 46
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 48
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 50
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Fukushima Daiichi accident
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Fukushima Daiichi Spent fuel pools
Source: VGB Powertech 52
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Spent fuel pools
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva
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Spent fuel pools
Source: Matthias Braun, Areva 54
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Spent fuel pools
Source: Tepco, March 22, 2011
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Spent fuel pools
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Fukushima Daiichi Unit 4
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Fukushima Daiichi accidentFlooded trenches
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Fukushima Daiichi accidentFlooded trenches
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INES scale