KoreaKoreaThree Kingdoms ForwardThree Kingdoms Forward

1616

Pre-historyPre-history

Ancient ChosunAncient Chosun The mythological unified Korean nation The mythological unified Korean nation

ruled by Tangun from 2333 BCruled by Tangun from 2333 BC Han tribes 300 BC+Han tribes 300 BC+

Palais (your text) covers several Palais (your text) covers several early kingdoms. We won’tearly kingdoms. We won’t

Three KingdomsThree Kingdoms About 50 BCE – About 50 BCE –

668 CE668 CE KoguryoKoguryo: Northern : Northern

Korea 37 BC – 668 ADKorea 37 BC – 668 AD BaekcheBaekche: Southwestern : Southwestern

Korea 18 BC – 663 AD Korea 18 BC – 663 AD SillaSilla (Pronounced (Pronounced

Sheila) Southeastern Sheila) Southeastern Korea 57 AD – 668 AD Korea 57 AD – 668 AD (Victory)(Victory)

Kaya (minor and short lived, usually ignored)Kaya (minor and short lived, usually ignored)

Three KingdomsThree Kingdoms Koguryo: Koguryo:

North,North, was the was the largest and largest and strongeststrongest Included much of Included much of

ManchuriaManchuria Battled and Battled and

resisted China resisted China several timesseveral times

Three Kingdoms: Three Kingdoms: Baekche -- SouthwestBaekche -- Southwest

First to adopt First to adopt BuddhismBuddhism

Sent scholars, Sent scholars, craftsmen and craftsmen and monks to Japanmonks to Japan

First destroyed by First destroyed by Silla-Tang allianceSilla-Tang alliance

Three Kingdoms:Three Kingdoms:Silla -- SoutheastSilla -- Southeast

Later developerLater developer Builds alliance with Builds alliance with

Tang China to Tang China to overthrow both overthrow both Baekche and Baekche and Koguryo by 668 CEKoguryo by 668 CE

Unites Korea into Unites Korea into Unified Silla Unified Silla DynastyDynasty

Three Kingdoms division Three Kingdoms division replayed?replayed?

Current division Current division lines similar to lines similar to 3-Kingdoms3-Kingdoms

South Korea South Korea also divided also divided into East/West into East/West regions for regions for domestic domestic politicspolitics

Coincidence or Coincidence or resurgence???resurgence???Three Kingdoms

MapContemporary Korean Map

Unified Silla DynastyUnified Silla Dynasty668 CE – 918 CE668 CE – 918 CE

Silla dynasty unifies Silla dynasty unifies Korean PeninsulaKorean Peninsula

Northern kingdom of Northern kingdom of Parhae is also Parhae is also Korean speaking but Korean speaking but usually placed into usually placed into Manchurian historyManchurian history

Parhae Parhae KingdomKingdom

OndolOndol Heat Heat

The world’s first The world’s first “centralized” heating “centralized” heating systemsystem

Developed 600-700 CEDeveloped 600-700 CE

Unified SillaUnified SillaSadaeSadae Principle Principle

SadaeSadae = “Serve the great” = “Serve the great” Silla allied with Tang China to solve its Silla allied with Tang China to solve its

problem with Koguryoproblem with Koguryo First works with Tang to destroy First works with Tang to destroy

Baekche and unify southern PeninsulaBaekche and unify southern Peninsula Next works with Tang to destroy Next works with Tang to destroy

Koguryo and unify more of PeninsulaKoguryo and unify more of Peninsula Silla Korea recognizes its weaknessSilla Korea recognizes its weakness Alliance with China provides protectorAlliance with China provides protector

Unified SillaUnified SillaSadaeSadae Principle Principle Tributary status with China providesTributary status with China provides

GuidanceGuidance ProtectionProtection Access to Chinese economyAccess to Chinese economy PeacePeace Help with domestic disturbances if necessaryHelp with domestic disturbances if necessary

How does a small nation survive? How does a small nation survive? SadaeSadae Watch for this repeating theme…Watch for this repeating theme…

Unified SillaUnified Silla

HwarangHwarang

Elite military academyElite military academy Teaches art, poetry, history, Teaches art, poetry, history,

horsemanship, and weaponryhorsemanship, and weaponry

Unified SillaUnified Silla

Religion and State in SillaReligion and State in Silla Unified Silla adopts Buddhism as official Unified Silla adopts Buddhism as official

state religionstate religion Builds massive “Buddhist Nation Builds massive “Buddhist Nation

Temple”Temple” PulkuksaPulkuksa

PulkuksaPulkuksa

SokaramSokaram

Unified SillaUnified Silla

Kyongju as Capital: Art, ArchitectureKyongju as Capital: Art, Architecture Burial practicesBurial practices

Royal TombsRoyal Tombs

Unified SillaUnified SillaChomsongdae ObservatoryChomsongdae Observatory

Buddhist temple ceilingBuddhist temple ceiling

Guard at Guard at Buddhist Buddhist

Temple GateTemple Gate

Eaves from Korean Buddhist

Temple

Unified Silla Period Unified Silla Period Buddhist ArtBuddhist Art

Unified SillaUnified SillaHereditary GovernmentHereditary Government ““True Bone” lineagesTrue Bone” lineages Strict intermarriage Strict intermarriage

among noblesamong nobles YangbanYangban class leadership class leadership

Silla period court musicSilla period court music Confucian forms of ministriesConfucian forms of ministries

Structure looks ConfucianStructure looks Confucian No Meritocracy – Exams don’t mean anythingNo Meritocracy – Exams don’t mean anything

Unified SillaUnified SillaClosing ScenesClosing Scenes

Factionalism and corruption weaken Silla DynastyFactionalism and corruption weaken Silla Dynasty

Restoration movements in both Baekche and KoguryoRestoration movements in both Baekche and Koguryo Both gain independenceBoth gain independence Later Baekche emerges but a splits internally between Later Baekche emerges but a splits internally between

father and sonfather and son Alliance between part of later Baekche and Later Koguryo Alliance between part of later Baekche and Later Koguryo 935 CE: Koguryo overthrows Silla to unify Korea again935 CE: Koguryo overthrows Silla to unify Korea again Takes on the new dynastic name: Koryo -- hence KoreaTakes on the new dynastic name: Koryo -- hence Korea