16 korea -- three kingdoms forward

7/31/2019 16 Korea -- Three Kingdoms Forward

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/16-korea-three-kingdoms-forward 1/27

Korea

Three Kingdoms Forward

16



Pre-history

Ancient Chosun

The mythological unified Korean nation ruled

by Tangun from 2333 BC

Han tribes 300 BC+

Palais (your text) covers several earlykingdoms. We won’t



Three Kingdoms About 50 BCE –

668 CE Koguryo: Northern Korea

37 BC – 668 AD

Baekche: SouthwesternKorea 18 BC – 663 AD

Silla (Pronounced Sheila)Southeastern Korea 57

AD – 668 AD (Victory)

Kaya (minor and short lived, usually ignored)



Three Kingdoms

Koguryo: North, was the largest andstrongest

Included much of Manchuria

Battled and resistedChina several times



Three Kingdoms:

Baekche -- Southwest First to adopt

Buddhism

Sent scholars,craftsmen and monksto Japan

First destroyed by Silla-Tang alliance



Three Kingdoms:

Silla -- Southeast Later developer

Builds alliance with

Tang China tooverthrow bothBaekche and Koguryoby 668 CE

Unites Korea intoUnified Silla Dynasty



Unified Silla Dynasty

668 CE – 918 CE Silla dynasty unifies

Korean Peninsula

Northern kingdom of Parhae is also Koreanspeaking but usually

placed into Manchurianhistory



Parhae Kingdom Ondol Heat

The world’s first “centralized” heatingsystem

Developed 600-700 CE



Unified SillaSadae Principle

Sadae = “Serve the great”

Silla allied with Tang China to solve its problemwith Koguryo

First works with Tang to destroy Baekche andunify southern Peninsula

Next works with Tang to destroy Koguryo andunify more of Peninsula

Silla Korea recognizes its weakness

Alliance with China provides protector



Unified Silla

Sadae Principle Tributary status with China provides

Guidance

Protection Access to Chinese economy

Peace

Help with domestic disturbances if necessary

How does a small nation survive? Sadae

Watch for this repeating theme…



Unified Silla

Hwarang

Elite military academy

Teaches art, poetry, history, horsemanship,and weaponry



Unified Silla

Religion and State in Silla

Unified Silla adopts Buddhism as official state

religion Builds massive “Buddhist Nation Temple”

Pulkuksa



Pulkuksa



Sokaram



Unified Silla

Kyongju as Capital: Art, Architecture

Burial practices



Royal Tombs



Unified Silla

Chomsongdae Observatory



Buddhist temple ceiling



Guard atBuddhist

Temple Gate

Eaves from KoreanBuddhist Temple



Unified SillaHereditary Government “True Bone” lineages

Strict intermarriageamong nobles

Yangban class leadershipSilla period court music

Confucian forms of ministries

Structure looks Confucian

No Meritocracy – Exams don’t mean anything



Unified Silla

Strict Primogenitureinheritance

Competition among Siblings

Shakespearian style intrigue and tragedy among

royal families Patricide, Fratricide, etc. You name it…

Royal politics was a blood sport



Unified Silla

Closing Scenes Factionalism and corruption weaken Silla Dynasty

Restoration movements in both Baekche and Koguryo Both gain independence

Later Baekche emerges but a splits internally betweenfather and son

Alliance between part of later Baekche and Later Koguryo 935 CE: Koguryo overthrows Silla to unify Korea again

Takes on the new dynastic name: Koryo -- hence Korea

16 korea -- three kingdoms forward

Documents