kuliah anatomi kardiovaskular fk usk 2012 - pdf

7/28/2019 Kuliah Anatomi Kardiovaskular FK USK 2012 - PDF

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Anatomy Cardiovascular

System

Yopie Afriandi Habibie, Dr, SpBTKV

Bedah Toraks Kardio Vaskular

FK Unsyiah RSU Dr. Zainoel Abidin

Banda Aceh, 2012


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The cardiovascular system

Structure and organization of blood vessels

Structure of the heart

The cardiac cycle

Conducting system of the heart

GOALS :


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Functions of the Heart

Generating blood pressure

Routing blood Heart separates pulmonary and systemic circulations

Ensuring one-way blood flow

Heart valves ensure one-way flow

Regulating blood supply Changes in contraction rate and force match blood

delivery to changing metabolic needs


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What is theCardiovascular System ..?

Heart Arteries Arterioles Veins Venules Capillaries

The heart is a double pump


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The double pump


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3 Kinds of Circulation:

Pulmonary circulation

Coronary circulation

Systemic circulation


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Pulmonary Circulation

Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs,

and back to the heart again


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Systemic Circulation

Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughoutthe body , except for the heart and lungs


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Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.,Human Anatomy

Fetal CirculationNo circulation to lungs

Foramen ovale Ductus arteriosum

Circulation must go to placentaUmbilical aa., vv.


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The CV system has 3 types of blood vessels:

Arteries (arterioles) carry blood away from the heart

Capillaries where nutrient and gas exchange occured

Veins ( venules) carry blood toward the heart.

The Blood Vessels


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The Blood Vessels


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Arteries and arterioles take blood away from the heart.

The largest artery is theAORTA.

The middle layer of an artery wall consists of smooth

muscle that can constrict to regulate blood flow and BP

Arterioles can constrict or dilate, changing BP.

The Arteries


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Venulesdrain blood from capillaries then join to form

veins that take blood to the heart.

Much less smooth muscle & connective tissue.

Valvesprevent the back flow of blood when closed. Carry about 70% of the bodys blood & act as a reservoir

during hemorrhage.

The Veins


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Anatomy of a capillary bed


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The heart is a cone-shaped, muscular organ located

between the lungs behind the sternum.

The heart muscle forms the myocardium, with tightlyinter connect cells of cardiac muscle tissue.

The pericardium is the outer membranous sac withlubricating fluid.

Stucture of The Heart


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Heart Anatomy


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Pericardial Layers of the Heart


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Heart Wall

Three layers of tissue :

Epicardium This serous membrane of smoothouter surface of heart

MyocardiumMiddle layer composed of cardiacmuscle cell and responsibility for heart contracting

Endocardium Smooth inner surface of heartchambers


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Heart Wall


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4 chambers two upper, thin-walled atria, and two lower,thick-walled ventricles. The septum is a wall dividing the rightand left sides.

Heart Chamber :

Auricles LAA & RAA

Major veins

Superior and Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary veins

Major arteries

Aorta and Pulmonary trunk


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External Heart : Anterior View


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Heart Valves

Atrioventricular

Tricuspid Bicuspid or mitral

Semilunar

Aortic

Pulmonary

Prevent blood fromflowing back


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Coronary Circulation

Coronary circulationis the functional bloodsupply to the heart muscle itself

Collateral routesensure blood delivery to heart

even if major vessels are occluded


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Coronary Circulation: Arterial Supply


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Coronary Circulation: Venous Supply


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Coronary artery circulation


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The Cardiac Cycle


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Blood Flow

Through Heart


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Each heart beat is called a cardiac cycle

When the heart beats, the two atria contract together,

then the two ventricles contract; then the whole heartrelaxes.

Systole is the contraction of heart chambers; diastole istheir relaxation.

The heart sounds, lub-dup, are due to the closing of theatrioventricular valves, followed by the closing of thesemilunar valves.

The Heart beat


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Heart Sounds

First heart sound or

lubb

AV valves and surrounding fluid vibrations as valves

close at beginning of ventricular systole

Second heart sound ordupp Results from closure of aortic and pulmonary

semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole,lasts longer

Third heart sound (occasional)

Caused by turbulent blood flow into ventricles anddetected near end of first one-third of diastole


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Location of Heart Valves


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Conducting System of Heart


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Conducting System of Heart


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The SA (sinoatrial) node, orpacemaker, initiates theheart beat and causes the atria to contract on average

every 0.85 seconds.

TheAV (atrioventricular) node conveys the stimulusand initiates contraction of the ventricles.

The signal for the ventricles to contract travels fromthe AV node through the atrioventricular bundle to thesmallerPurkinje fibers.

Intrinsic Control of Heart beat


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Terima Kasih

kuliah anatomi kardiovaskular fk usk 2012 - pdf

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