1

tIc-f-k¿°m¿

hnZym-̀ ym-k-h-Ip∏v

Xbm-dm-°n-bXv

kwÿm\ hnZym-̀ ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw

2015

So®¿ sSIvÃv

(sF—nIw)

Ãm≥tU¿Uv

lb¿sk-°‚dn

ae-bmfw

XII

2tZio-b-Km\w

P\-K-W-a-\- -A-[n-\m-bI Pbtl

`mc-X -̀ m-Ky-hn-[mXm,

]©m-_-kn‘p KpP-dmØ admTm

{ZmhnU DXv°-e- _w-Km,

hn‘y-ln-am-N-e -b-ap\mKwKm,

D—e Pe-[nX-cwKm,

Xh-ip-̀ -\mta PmtK,

Xh-ip` Bin-j -am-tK,

Kmtl Xh- P-b- KmYm

P\-K-W-aw-K-e-Zm-bI Pbtl

`mc-X- `m-Ky-hn-[mXm

Pb-tl, Pb-tl, Pb-tl,

Pb Pb Pb Pbtl!

{]Xn⁄

C¥y Fs‚ cmPy-am-Wv. F√m C¥y-°mcpw Fs‚ ktlm-Z-co-

ktlmZc-∑m-cm-Wv.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPysØ kvt\ln-°p∂p; kºq¿Whpw sshhn[y-

]q¿W-hp-amb AXns‚ ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ Rm≥ A`n-am\w sIm≈p∂p.

Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°-sfbpw Kpcp-°-∑m-scbpw apXn¿∂-hscbpw

_lp-am-\n-°pw.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw Fs‚ \m´p-Im-cp-sSbpw t£a-Øn\pw

sFiz-cy-Øn-\pw- th≠n {]bXv\n°pw.

Prepared by :State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)

Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695012, Kerala.

Website : www.scertkerala.gov.in e-mail : scertkerala@gmail.comPhone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax : 0471 - 2341869

Typesetting and Layout : SCERT© Department of Education, Government of Kerala.

3

{]nb A[ym-]-I-tc,

]{¥≠mw ¢mknse sF›nIw ae-bmfw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Imhy-]¿hw, cwK-

]¿hw, BJym-\-]¿hw, kn≤m-¥-]¿hw, am[y-a-]¿hw F∂n-ßs\ A©v bqWn-

‰p-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. F√m bqWn-‰nsebpw \n›n-X- ]-T-\-t\-́ -߃ B¿Pn-°m≥

]cym-]vX-am-hp∂ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ \n¿tZ-in-®n-́ p-≠v. Hmtcm bqWn-‰n-s‚bpw

ka-{K-e-£yw km£m-¬°-cn-°pw-hn-[-amWv Ch-bpsS {Iao-I-c-Ww. ]pkvX-I-

Øn-ep≈ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ {]{In-bm-_-‘n-X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ DX-Ip∂

kqN\-Iƒ So®¿ sSIvÃn¬ Hcp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CtXm-sSm∏w ]mTm-]-{K-Y-\hpw

A[n-I-hn-h-c-ßfpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfpap≠v. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse Nn{X-ßfpw

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø\ kμ¿ -̀ß-fn¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

]T-\m-¥-co-£w, ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS {]Ir-Xw, {]mtZ-in-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb kml-

N-cyw, ̀ uXn-I-ku-I-cy-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]h¿Ø-\ß-fn¬

Bh-iy-amb kzmX-{¥yhpw hg-°hpw kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. At∏mgpw

\n›nX]T-\-t\-́ -߃ F√m ]Tn-Xm-°-fnepw FØn-°p-∂Xn\m-hWw Du∂¬.

So®¿πm-\¿ tIhew bm{¥n-I-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bm-h-cp-Xv. {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS IrXy--X-

bv°p-th-≠n-bm-h-W-a-Xv. \nc-¥-chpw ka-{Khpamb aqey-\n¿W-b-Øn\pw {]h¿Ø-

\m-kq-{X-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ ASn-ÿm-\-tc-J-bmbn So®¿πm-\-dns\ t\m°n-°m-W-Ww.

Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-\hpw kq£va-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v hnt[-b-am-th-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-

\mbn cN-\m-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ BIv‰n-hn-‰n-tem-Kn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-t≠m-

sb∂v A[ym-]nI Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. t]m¿ v́t^m-fn-tbm-bn-te°v t]mtI-≠h Ip´n-

I-fpsS {i≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-c-Ww. kzbw-hn-e-bn-cp-ج, ka-kw-L-hn-e-bn-cp-ج,

A[ym-]n-I-bpsS hne-bn-cp-ج F∂nh A\p-tbm-Py-L-́ -ß-fn¬ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-

Sp-Ø-Ww. Ip´n-I-fpsS `n∂-\n-e-hmcw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-thWw hne-bn-cp-ج

{]{Inb Nn -́s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. ¢mkvap-dn-bn¬ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp∂ HmUn-

tbm-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ kpe-̀ -am-Wv. i_vZm-h-X-c-W-km-[y-X-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v

Ch ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw. Zriym-\p-`-h-߃°p {]m[m-\y-ap≈

{]h¿Ø-\-߃°v Ah ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw. Zriym-\p-̀ -h-߃°p

{]m[m-\y-ap≈ {]h¿Ø-\-L-́ -ß-fn¬ aƒ´n-ao-Un-b- Xntb-‰-dn-s‚bpw kvam¿ v́ ¢m-

kn-s‚bpw kuIcyw A[ym-]-I¿ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww.

So®¿ sSIvÃv Ah-km-\-hm-°-√, Bcw-̀ n-°m-\p≈ Du¿P-w am{Xam-Wv. A[ym-]-

I-cpsS hmb-\-bp-sSbpw Nn¥-bp-sSbpw shfn-®-Øn¬ \nc-h[n ]pXp-a-Iƒ ¢mkvap-

dn-bn¬ D≠m-I-s´. ]T-\sØ IqSp-X¬ BI¿j-Ihpw Bkzm-Zy-hp-am-°p-∂-Xn\v

¢mkvap-dn°v ]pd-Øp≈ CS-ß-fpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-at√m. ]{¥-≠mw-¢mkv

sF›nIw ae-bm-f- ]m-T-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ So®¿sS-IvÃnte°v Xm¶-fpsS {i≤-

bpw hni-I-e-\-Nn-¥-bpw £Wn-°p-∂p.

kvt\l-tØmsS,

tUm. Fkv. cho-{μ≥\mb¿

UbdŒ¿

4

So®¿ sSIvÃv \n¿amW inev]imebn¬ ]s¶SpØh¿

sI.hn. B\-μ≥, Kh.F®v.Fkv.-F-kv. ]pXp-∏m-Sn, tImgn-t°mSv

Pb-{io.F.kn, kn.sP.F®v.Fkv.-F-kv., sNΩ-\m-Sv, ImkdtKmUv

{]Imiv Xp≠-Øn¬,]n.]n.-Sn.-Fw.-ssh.F®v.Fkv.-F-kv., tNdq¿, thß-c, ae-∏pdw

{]Zo-]vIp-am¿. F, Pn. hn. F®v. Fkv. Fkv, aS-∏≈n tImgn-t°mSv

aWn-I-WvT-Zm-kv. sI. hn, N´©m¬ tKƒkv F®v. Fkv. Fkv, Imk-d-tKmSv

iymwIp-am¿. Fkv, Kh. tamU¬ dkn-U≥jy¬ kvIqƒ t^m¿ tKƒkv, Imk-d-tKmUv

]n.sI. k`nØv, sI.F≥. F®v. Fkv.-F-kv. Icn-bm-Sv, Xe-t»cn, IÆq¿

hn≥sk‚ v.-kn.-]n, \n¿Ωe F®v.Fkv.-F-kv. Fcp-a-ap-≠, ae-∏pdw

hnZKv[]cntim[\

{]q v̂ doUnwKv

s{]m -̂k¿ cma-N-{μ≥ ]n≈ (dn´. bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw)

tUm. tPm¿Pv HmW°q¿, ap≥ Ub-d-IvS¿, kwÿm\ k¿hhn⁄m\ tImiw C≥Ãn-‰yq v́

s{]m^. Pn. cLp-\m-Y≥]n-≈, Akn. s{]m -̂k¿, Kh. hna≥kv tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw

tUm. hnPb≥ NmtemSv, Pn√ t{]mPIvSv Hm^o-k¿, Fkv. Fkv. F. IÆq¿

tUm. kn. \mcm-b-W-]n≈, dn´.s{]m^k¿, Kh. s{Sbn-\nwKv tImtfPv, Xncp--h-\-¥-]pcw

A°mZanIv tImUnt\‰¿

tUm.kn. `man-\n, dnk¿®v Hm^o-k¿, Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn

5

DÅ-S¡w

1. Imhy-]¿hw

• hn`o-j-W-ln-tXm-]-tZiw

• apØp-a-Wn-Iƒ

• im¥w IcpWw

• ae-bm-f-K-Zy-]-cn-Wmaw

2. cwK-]¿hw

• a[p-cn°pw Hm¿Ω-Iƒ

• Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ

• Ducp-̀ wKw

• X\Xp\mS-I-thZn

3. BJym-\-]¿hw

• Imew amdp∂p

• ImSv hnfn-°p∂p

• {]Y-a-km-bm”w

• ]©-h¿Æ-°nfn

4. kn≤m-¥-]¿hw

• [z\n [z\n

• hn`mX hn`qXn

• thUvkvh¿Øv ˛ tImfvdnUvPv kwhmZw

5. am[y-a-]¿hw

• ]c-kyhpw D]-t`m-K-Xz-cbpw

• sh_vssk‰v

So®¿ sSIvÃv

6

tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn 2013

s]mXpkao-]\w

BapJw

\thm∞m\ ]mc-º-c-yhpw kuP\yhpw km¿h{XnIhpamb s]mXphnZym`ymkhpw

hgn tIcfw Hcp ssh⁄m\nI kaqlambn amdn. KpWta∑bp≈ hnZym`ymkw

Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\v ]mTy]≤Xn ]cnjvIcWßfneqsS {InbmflIamb

CSs]SepIfneqsS \ap°v km[n®n´p≠v. CØcw CSs]SepIƒ tIcfØnse

hnZym`ymkcwKsØ tZim¥c{]k‡nbp≈Xm°n.

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ kaq-l-Ønse F√m hn`m-K-ß-

fnepws]´ Ip´n-Isf hnZym-e-b-ß-fn-se-Øn°m≥ \ap°v Ign-™n-´p-≠v. km¿Δ-

{XnI kuP\y hnZym`ymk-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb ]cn-{i-a-߃ F√m Xe-ß-fnepw \S-

∂n-́ p-≠v. Kh¨sa‚p-I-fpsS CS-s]S¬, anj-\-dn-am-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\w, kmaq-lnI]-

cn-jv°-cW {]ÿm-\-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øns‚ ]ptcm-

K-Xn-°p-Im-c-W-am-bn-́ p-≠v. kzmX-{¥y-{]m-]vXn°p tijw \ne-hn¬ h∂ tUm. cm[m-

Ir-jvW≥ IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´p apX¬ 2005 se tZiob ]mTy-]-≤Xn N´°qSv hsc-

bp≈ tZiob ]T-\-dn-t∏m¿´p-Ifpw kao-]-\-ßfpw tIc-f-Ønse ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-

jv°-c-W-{ia-ßsf kzm[o-\n-®n-´p-≠v.

tUm. e£vaW-kzman apX-en-bm¿ A[y-£-\mb sk°-≠dn hnZym-`ymk IΩn-

j≥ sk°-≠dn taJ-e-bpsS {]m[m-\y-w khn-kvX-cw {]Xn]m-Zn-®p. tUm. Un.F-

kv. tImØmcn A[y-£-\mb IΩoj≥ ka¿∏n® "hnZym-`ym-khpw tZiob hnI-

k-\hpw' F∂ dnt∏m¿´v {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Xew sXm´v D∂X hnZym-`ym-k-

Xewhsc-bp≈ L´ßƒ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am°n. Cu IΩo-j-\mWv 10+2+3 F∂

]mt‰¨ BZy-ambn apt∂m-´p-sh-®-Xv. 1986 se tZiob hnZym-`ymk \bw CXv

AwKo-I-cn-®p. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv tIc-f-Øn¬ lb¿ sk°-≠-dn- hnZym-

`ymkw \ne-hn¬ h∂-Xv. A[ym]I tI{μoIr-X-amb coXnbn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvX-

ambn hnZym¿∞n tI{μoIrXhpw {]h¿Ø\m[njvTXhp-amb ]mTy]≤Xn

]cnjvIcWØn\v XpS°-an´Xv 1990 Ifn-em-Wv.

2005 se tZiob ]mTy-]-≤Xn N´-°qSv (National Curriculum Framework

2005) C¥y≥ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn¬ \nc-h[n ]cn-h¿Ø-\߃°p \mμn-Ip-dn-®p.

XpS¿∂v NCF 2005 s‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnhn-[-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ F≥.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn

]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃ Xøm-dm°n. tIc-f-Øn¬ KCF 2007 cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw ]mTy-

So®¿ sSIvÃv

7

]-≤Xn ]cnjv-°-cWw sslkvIqƒ X-ew -hsc \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2009 se

hnZym`ym-km-h-Im-i-\n-bahpw lb¿sk°-≠dnbpambn _‘-s∏´ s{]m^. -]n.-H.-

sP. e∫ IΩn-‰n- dnt∏m¿´pw ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-]-cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-\mbn Kh¨sa‚ v \ntbm-

Kn® tUm. ]n.sI. A_vZpƒ Akokv IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´pw ]mTy-]≤Xn ]cn-jvI-

cWw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

tIc-f-Ønse hnZym-`ymk Ncn-{X-Ønse khn-ti-j-L-´-am-bn-cp∂p lb¿ sk°-

≠-dn-bpsS kam-cw`w. {]oUn{Kn tImgvkv D∂X hnZym-`ym-k hIp-∏n¬ \n∂p

th¿s]-Sp-Øn- s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k hIp∏ns‚ `mKam°nb-tXmsS lb¿ sk°-

≠dn hnZym-`ymkw hym]-I-ambn.

tIc-f-Øn¬ 1990 ¬ lb¿ sk°-≠dn Ubd-IvS-td‰v cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw 31 k¿°m¿

sslkvIqfp-Iƒ A]vt{KUv sNbvXv lb¿sk-°-≠dn tImgvkv Bcw`n°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Imen-°‰v k¿h-I-em-imebpsS {]o˛-Un{Kn kne-_kv A\p-k-cn®p≈

`mjm-]m-T-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw F≥.-kn.-C.-B¿.-Sn. bpsS k_vPIvSv ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw

D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv tIc-f-Øn¬ lb¿ sk°-≠dn ]T\w Bcw`n®-Xv.

1990 Ifn¬ A[yb\Ønepw A[ym]\Ønepw ka-{K-amb am‰w hcp-Øn-s°m≠v

]pXnb ]mTy-]-≤Xn ss{]adn Xe-Øn¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂p. {]h¿Ø-\m-[n-jvTn-

Xhpw {]{In-bm-_-‘n-Xhpw hnZym¿∞n-tI-{μo-Ir-X-hp-amb Cu Bi-b-Øn-\\p-

kr-X-ambn \nc-¥-c-aq-ey-\n¿W-b- co-Xnbpw t{KUnwKv k{º-Zm-bhpw \S-∏n-em-°n.

XpS¿∂v lb¿ sk°‚-dn-bnepw Cu coXn \ne-hn¬h∂p. F∂m¬ ka-{K-amb

]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cWw lb¿ sk°‚-dn-bn¬ \S-∏n-em-bn-cp∂n-√. Fkv.-kn.-

C.-B¿.-Sn. bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Nne hnj-b-߃°v ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw apgp-h≥

hnj-b-߃°pw tkmgvkv_p°pIfpw FPyq-ta-‰p-w ]pd-Øn-d°n.

2007 ¬ \S-∏n-em-°nb GI-Pm-e-I-kw-hn-[m\w lb¿ sk°-≠dn {]th-i\w Imcy-

£-aam°n. C -̨K-th-W≥kns‚ ̀ mK-ambn ]co£m \SØn∏v, sSIvÃv-_p°v C≥U‚ v,

kvtImf¿jn∏pIƒ, Hm¨sse≥ {Sm≥kv^¿ XpSßnb ]cn]mSnbneqsS lb¿

sk°-≠dn kwhn[m\w kpXmcy-ambn.

sshhn-[y-am¿∂Xpw \qX\hpamb hnj-b-߃ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-kcw

tIc-f-Ønse lb¿ sk°-≠dn hnZym-`ymkw \¬Ip-∂p. tZiob ]mTy-]-≤Xn

N -́°qSv 2005 apt∂m´p hbv°p∂Xnt\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ hnjbsshhn-[y-߃ \¬Ip-

∂-XmWv tIc-f-]mTy-]-≤Xn F∂Xv A`n-am-\m¿l-am-Wv. H∂mw `mj-bmbn

Cw•ojpw c≠mw `mj-bmbn 12 sF—nI `mj-Ifn¬ H∂pw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈

Ah-kcw ]Tn-Xm-hn\v e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. imkv{X-Øn¬ 10 Dw tImta-gvkn¬ 4 Dw

am\-hnI hnj-b-ß-fn¬ 32 Dw Dƒs∏sS 46 tImºn-t\-j-\p-Iƒ \ne-hn-ep-≠v.

Iem]T-\-Øn\v {]tXy-IhnZym-ebw {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p-≠v.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

8

lb¿ sk°≠dn taJ-e-bn¬ KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZym-`ymkw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\v

ka{K A[ym-]I ]cn-h¿Ø-t\m-∑pJ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ k¿°m¿ \S-∏n-em-°nhcp-

∂p-≠v. ]T-\- t_m-[\ {]{In-b-bn¬ \ne-hn¬ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ {]iv\-߃ N¿®

sNøp-∂-Xn\pw ]T-\{]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw hnj-bm-[n-jvTnX

A[ym-]I Iq´m-bva-Iƒ klm-bn-°p-∂p.

]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ {]k‡n

A\p-kyqXw am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-hp∂ taJ-e-bmWv Adn-hn-t‚-Xv. Adn-hns‚ afi-

e-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ am‰-ßsf Dƒs°m≠pw {]k-‡-amb Awi-ßsf kzmwio-

I-cn®pw am{Xta Imen-I-ambn hn]p-e-s∏-Sp∂ ]mTy-]-≤Xn°v apt∂-dm-\m-hq. Cu

am‰-amWv tIc-f-Ønse kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xnsb a‰v C¥y≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬

\n∂v hyXy-kvX-am-°p-∂-Xv.

lb¿ sk°‚-dn-bn¬ {]h¿Ø-\m-[n-

jvTnX ]T-\-coXn \ne-hn¬ hs∂-

¶nepw ka- {K -amb ]mTy -] -≤Xn

]cnjvIcWw \S-∂n-´n-√. B\p-Im-en-

I-kw-`-hhn-Im-k-ß-tfmSv kwh-Zn-°p-

∂Xpw lb¿ sk°≠dn ]Tn-Xm-°-

fpsS {]IrXw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xp-amb

]mTy -] -≤Xn ]cn -jvI -cW-amWv

Ct∏mƒ \S-∂p-hcp-∂-Xv. D∂-X-hn-Z-ym-

`-ymk taJ-e-bn-te-°p≈ Nhn-´p-]Sn

F∂ \ne-bn¬ lb¿sk-°-≠dn

cwKsØ cmPym-¥c \ne-hm-c-Øn¬

FØn-°-emWv e£yw. cmPym-¥c \ne-hmcw F∂Xv GsX-¶nepw Hcp cmPy-

Øns‚ hnZym-`ymk \ne-hm-c-a√. lb¿ sk°-≠dn ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°p∂

]Tn-Xm-hn\v temIØv Fhn-sS-bm-sW-¶nepw PohnXw apt∂m v́ \bn-°m-\p≈ tijn

\¬I-em-W-Xv. Poh-k‘m-c-W-Øn\pw AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-\p-ap≈ tijn ssIh-cn-

°m≥ B¿Pn-t°≠ Adn-hp-I-fp-sSbpw A\p-`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw BsI-Øp-I-bm-W-Xv.

BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ Ah-Xcn-∏n-°-s∏´ anI® ]T\ t_m[\ amXr-I-I-fmWv \ΩpsS

]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v e`y-am-t°-≠-Xv. AXn--\p≈ {ia-sa∂ \ne--bn-emWv ka-{K-amb

]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cWw \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xv. ]mTy-]-≤Xn Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn \ho-

I-cn-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v ]mTy-]--≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v

Kh-s◊‚ v\ntbm-Kn® hnZKv[ kanXn \n¿t±-in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. IqSmsX hnZym-

`ymk Ah-Imi\nb-a-Ønse ]mTy-]-≤Xn, hne-bn-cp-ج F∂n-h-bp-ambn _‘-

s∏´ \nb-a-߃ ]mT-y-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-c-WØn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-

Wv.

A©v h¿j-Øn -e -[n -I -ambn \ne -\n¬°p∂ ]mTy-]≤-Xnbpw kne-_kpw]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw ASn-b-¥-c-ambn Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.-Sn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ]cn-jvI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

s{]m^. ]n.H.sP e∫ IΩn‰n

Hcp ssh⁄m-\nIkaqlw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ime-L-´-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn-Isft\cn-Sm≥ ]mTy-]-≤Xn ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn]p\ wL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠Xpw \ho-I-cn-t°-≠Xpw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

tUm. ]n. sI. A_vZp¬ AkokvIΩn‰n

So®¿ sSIvÃv

9

hnZym-`ymk Ah-Imi\nbaw ̨ 2009skIvj≥ ̨ 29 (A[ymbw 5)

]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw hne-bn-cp-ج \S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw

(1) {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw hne-bn-cp-ج

\S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw kap-Nn-X-k¿°m-cn-\m¬ hn⁄m-]\w hgn \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-

Sp∂ Hcp A°m-Z-anI A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-Øm¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv.

(2) A°m-Z-anI A[n-Im-c-ÿm\w 1˛mw D]-h-Ip∏v {]Im-c-ap≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw

hne-bn-cp-ج \S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºmƒ Xmsg ]d-bp-∂h ]cn-

K-Wn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv :-˛

(a) `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ {]Xn-jvTm-]n-X-amb aqey-ß-tfm-Sp≈ A\p-tbm-PyX.

(b) Ip´n-bpsS k¿htXm-ap-J-amb hf¿®.

(c) Ip´n-bpsS Adnhpw Ignhpw sshZ-Kv[yhpw {ItaW h¿[n-∏n-°¬.

(e) imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb Ign-hp-I-fpsS kºq¿W hnIk\w.

(f) Ip´n°v kulr-Z-]-c-am-bXpw Ip´nsb tI{μo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-amb Hcp coXn-

bn¬ {]h¿Ø-\hpw I≠p]n-Sn-Øhpw ]cy-th-£-Whpw aptJ-\-bp≈

]T\w.

(g) t_m[-\-am-[yaw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-´p-≈n-S-tØmfw Ip´n-bpsS amXr-`m-j-bn-

embncnt°-≠-Xm-sW-∂-Xv.

(h) `bw, am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dp-°-ap-≠m-°p∂ kml-N-cyw, DXvIWvT F∂n-h-

bn¬\n∂v Ip´nsb hnap-‡-am-°epw kzX-{¥-ambn A`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xn\v Ip´nsb klm-bn-°-epw.

(i) Adnhv {Kln-°p-∂-Xn-\pw AXv {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\pap≈ Ip´n-bpsS Ign-hn-

s‚ ka-{Khpw \nc-¥-c-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-ج.

ta¬∏-d™ LS-I-߃ Dd∏phcp-Øp∂ Xc-Øn¬ ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cn-jvI-cn-t°-

≠Xp≠v. Cu- ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]cnjvIc-WsØ ho£n-t°-

≠-Xv.

tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn- (2013) ˛ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

$ hnZym¿Yn tI{μoIrXamb Cu ]mTy-]-≤Xn {]{Inbm_‘nXhpw

{]h¿Øt\m∑pJhpw aqeym-[njvTnXhpamWv.

$ _u≤nIXeØnepw {]{Inbm-XeØnepw kmaq-lnI˛sshIm-cn-I-X-e-

Ønepw ]TnXmhv FØnt®-tc≠ ]T\t\´ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂p.

$ aqey-ß-fnepw at\m-`m-h-ß-fnepw ]Tn-Xmhv B¿Pn-t°≠ tijn-Iƒ°v

Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

10

$ ⁄m\-\n¿ΩnXn F∂ XmØznI-amb ASnØdbn¬-\n∂psIm≠p≈

]mTy]≤Xn.

$ hn\n-ab{]{In-b-bn¬ sshhn-[y-am¿∂Xpw bp‡-hp-amb ]T-\-X-{¥-߃ kzoI-

cn-°m\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p-ap≈ kzmX{¥yw A[ym-]-I¿°v \¬Ip-∂p.

$ ]T-\-t\-´w, D≈-S°kz`m-hw, ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS hyXykvX \ne-hmcw F∂nh

Xncn-®-dn™v hnhn[ ]T\˛t_m[\ coXn-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ hg-

°w. Is≠-ج ]T\w, Bi-b-k-ºm-Z\coXn (Concept attainmentmodel), BK-a-\-Nn¥mcoXn (Inductive method), Nn¥-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-

°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-Iƒ hf¿Ø¬ (Metacognition), kl-I-c-W-]-T\w (Co-operative learning), kl-h¿ØnX-]-T-\w (Collaborative learning), {]Xn-

^-e-\-Nn¥ hf¿Ø¬ (Reflective learning), hy‡n-]-c-ambpw kwL-]-c-

ambpw Ah-k-c-߃ \¬I¬ apX-em-bh ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.

$ kuP-\yhpw km¿h-{Xn-I-hp-amb hnZym-`ym-kw Dd-∏m-°p-∂Xpt]mse F√m

Ip´n-I-fp-sSbpw ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏v hcp-Øp-∂p.

$ {]o˛ss{]adn apX¬ lb¿ sk-°-≠dn hsc ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠p-≈- ka-{K-

ambn ]mTy-]-≤-Xn.

$ hnhchn\nab kmt¶XnIhnZy (sF.kn.Sn.) Hcp {]tXyI ]mTyhnjbw

F∂Xnep]cn ]mTyhnjbßfpsS hn\nabw ^e{]Zam°p∂Xn\p≈ Hcp

D]m[nbmbn D]tbmKn°p∂p.

$ {]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-b¿ln-°p∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°v hyXy-kvXhpw \qX-\-hp-amb

]T-\-X-{¥-߃ Bhn-jvI-cn°p∂-Xn-s\m∏w A\p-tbm-P-y-amb hne-bn-cp-ج

{]h¿Ø-\-߃ cq]-s∏-SpØp∂p.

$ ]T-\-t\-´-ß-fn-¬ Du∂nb ka-{Khpw \nc¥c-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-ج (CCE)

Dd∏phcp-Øp∂p.

$ BtcmKy˛ImbnIhnZym`ymkw, IemhnZym`ymkw, {]hr-Øn-]cn-Nbw F∂nh

]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.

$ lb¿sk-°-≠-dn-X-e-Øn¬ Imem-\p-kr-X-amb ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃ Xbm-dm-

°p∂p.

$ hnZym-`ym-k Ah-Imi-\nb-a-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Ah-Im-im-[n-jvTnXhnZym-

`ym-k-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

$ A[-ym-]-Is\ Hcp kl-c-£m-I¿Øm-hns‚ (Mentor) Xe-Øn-te°v Db¿Øn

Ip´n°v kvIqfn-epw ¢mkvap-dn-bnepw th≠p∂ Icp-Xepw XWepw A\p-`-hn-

°m≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p∂p.

$ A[ym-]-I¿ ]men-t°≠ [m¿anI\nb-a-kw-ln-Xbv°v (Code of ProfessionalEthics for School Teachers) Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

11

$ ]pXnb Ime-L-́ -Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°m≥ klm-b-I-am-hp∂

]T\ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°p-∂p.

$ am\p-jnIaqey-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Xe-ap-dsb krjvSn-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-am-b-

Xv.

$ Ah-k-c-Xp-ey-Xbpw ka-Xzhpw (Equity and Equality) Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xv.

]T-\sØ kzm-`m-hn-I-am-°n, ]Tn-Xm-°-fp-sS _u-≤n-Ihpw am-\-kn-I--hpw {]-h¿-Ø-

\-]-c-hpambp≈ k-a-{K hn-Im-kw e-£-y-am°p∂ a-kv-Xn-jv-I˛lr-Z-b˛l-kv-Xka-

\-zn-X-am-b ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn (Curriculum for the harmony of Head, Heart andHand).

]mTy]-≤Xn k-ao-]\w

hnZym-`ymk a\-»m-kv{X-Ønsebpw XXz-Nn-¥-bnsebpw ]pXp-Nn-¥-Iƒ kzmwio-

I-cn-®mWv \ΩpsS ]mTy-]-≤Xn hnI-kn-∏n-®-Xv. F≥.kn.F^v 2005 apt∂m-´ph®

⁄m\-\n¿anXn hmZamWv tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn 2013\pw ASn-ÿm-\-ambn

\ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. ⁄m\\n¿anXnhmZ-Øn¬ ]T\w Adn-hns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-am-Wv.

⁄mt\-{μn-b-ßfneqsS Np‰p-]m-Sn¬\n∂p ]Tn-°m-\p≈ ss\k¿Kn-I-amb Ign-

hp-I-tfmsS-bmWv Ip´n P\n-°p-∂-Xv. temIsØ ]pXnb coXn-bn¬ t\m°n-°m-

Wm\pw a\- n-em-°m\pw CS-]-g-Im-\pw hne-bn-cp-Øm-\p-ap≈ km[y-X-I-fmWv hnZym-

e-b-Ønse Hu]-Nm-cnI]T\w hgn Ip´n°v e`n-°p∂Xv. ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-ab-k-

ao-]-\-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-bn-cn-°Ww?

$ {]h¿Ø--\m-[n-jvTnXw

$ {]{In-bm-_-‘nXw

$ ]T\w Dd-∏m-°p-∂Xv.

$ ]T-\-t\-´-߃ ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]cym-]vX-am-b-Xv.

$ ]cn-ÿn-Xn- kulr-Z-]-c-am-bXv.

$ hnIm-k-ta-JeIsf ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂Xv.

$ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {]Ir-X-Øn\p tbmPn-®Xv.

$ ]T-\-tØm-sSm∏w hne-bn-cp-Øepw HØp-tN¿∂p t]mIp-∂-Xv.

⁄m\\n¿anXnhmZ-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb ]T-\-co-Xn-bmWv ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS B[m-

cw. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ B¿PnXamb Adn-hn-s\bpw Bi-b-]-cn-k-c-sØbpw ]cn-K-Wn-

®p-sIm≠v ^e-{]-Z-amb ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Hcp-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS kzm`m-hn-I-ambn

Adnhv \n¿an-s®-Sp-°m≥ km[n°pw F∂-XmWv Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn-s‚ {]tXy-I-X.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

12

]T\m-\p-̀ -h-߃

hyXykvX PohnXkml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \n∂v h-cp∂ ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS B¿PnXamb

Adn-hv, Ign-hv, Xm¬∏cyw F∂nh hyXy-kvX-am-W-t√m. Cu sshhn-[ysØ Dƒs°m-

≠v, hy‡n-hy-Xym-kßsfbpw _lp-apJ_p≤n-sbbpw ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v ]T-

\m-\p-`-h-߃ Hcp-°pI F∂-XmWv {][m\w.

]T-\m-¥-co£w

]Tn-Xm-hns‚ Xmev]-cy-hpw hnIm-khpw ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v sshhn-[y-ap≈ ]T-\-

{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w ¢mkvapdn {Iao-I-cn-°Ww. ]T-

\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ hnZym¿Yn-tI-{μo-IrXam-h-Ww. AXn\p klm-b-I-am-Ipw-hn[ap≈

]T-\m-¥-co-£-amWv k÷-am-t°-≠Xv. ]T-\-]-cn-k-c-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-́ p≈ hnI-k-\hpw

hf¿®bpw IW-°n-se-SpØv hnZym¿Yn tI{μo-Ir-X-ambpw {]h¿Ø\m-[n-jvT-X-hp-

ambn \n∂p-sIm≠v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]T-\-X-{¥-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

kzmX{¥yw A[ym-]-I-\n¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv.

]T-\-{]-{Inb

$ Hmtcm ]Tn-Xmhpw Ah-cpsS ap≥ A\p-`-h-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv

⁄m\\n¿amWw (Knowledge construction) \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

$ hy‡n-X-e-Ønepw A¿Y-]q¿W-amb kmaq-lnI -C-S-s]-S-eq-I-fn-eq-sSbpw

⁄m\\n¿am-Ww \S-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ hyXykvX ]T-\-ssi-en-Iƒ (Learning styles), ]T-\-th-Kw (Learningpace) F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v C{μn-bm-\p-`-h-ß (Multi sensory ex-periences) fneqsS ]T\w ^e-{]-Z-am-Ip∂p.

$ kl-h¿ØnX ]T-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw kl-I-c-Wm-fl-Ihpamb A¥-co-£-

ØneqsSbpw ]T\w IqSp-X¬ ^e-{]-Z-am-Ip-∂p.

$ ]T-\-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ (Learning material) Xm¬∏-cy-P\Ihpw A¿Y-]q¿W-hp-

am-°Ww.

$ ]T-\m-\p-`-h-߃ Nm{In-I-ambn (Spiralling) Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xphgn ]T\w

IqSp-X¬ ̂ e-{]-Z-am-Ip∂p.

$ ]T\{]h¿Ø-\-߃°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb hg°w (Flexibility), A\p-cq-]o-

I-cW (Adaptations) km[yX F∂nh Dd-∏m-°p∂XneqsS hyXykvX

]T\mhiyap≈-h-scbpw A`n-cp-Nn-bp≈-h-scbpw ]cn-K-Wn-°mw.

$ ]T\-t\´w (Learning outcome) Dd-∏m-°m-\m-Ip∂ ]T-\-m\p-̀ -h-߃ Hmtcm

]Tn-Xm-hn\pw e`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ ]T-\hpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-ambn \S-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

$ D≈-S°w (Content), ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]T-\m-h-iy-߃ F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn-®p-

So®¿ sSIvÃv

13

sIm≠v -tbm-Py-amb A[y-b\ ]T-\co-Xn-Ifpw X{¥-ßfpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-

Øp-tºmƒ F√m-h¿°pw ]T-\-t\´w (Learning outcome) ssIh-cn-°m≥

km[n-°pw.

$ Hmtcm ]Tn-Xm-hn-s‚bpw ka-{K-hn-I-k\w e£yw h®m-bn-cn-°Ww ]T-\-{]-

{Inb \n›-bn-t°-≠-Xv.

]T\-t\-´-߃

tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn 2013 s‚ `mK-ambn B¿.-Sn.-C. hyh-ÿ-{]-Imcw ]T-\-

t\-´-߃ F∂ Bibw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. t_m[-\w, ]T-\w, aqey-\n¿Wbw

F∂nh IrXy-ambpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambpw Bkq-{XWw sNøm≥ ]T-\-t\-´-ßsf

kw_-‘n-°p∂ Adnhv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. ]mTy-]-≤Xn cq]o-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ kvIqƒ

hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ hnhn[ L´-ß-fn¬ Ip´n ssIh-cn-t°≠ e£y-ß-fmbn \mw

IW-°m-°p-∂-h-bmWv ]T-\t\-´-߃. Hcp {]tXyI hnj-b-ta-J-e-bn¬ hnZym¿Yn

t\tS≠ ⁄m\w, Ign-hv, A`n-cp-Nn, at\m-`m-hw, Xmev]cyw F∂n-hsb Bkv]-

Z-am-°n-bp≈ kq£va-amb {]kvXm-h-\-I-fmWv ]T-\-t\-´-߃. Ch-bn¬ NneXv

{lkz-Im-e-b-f-hn¬ Xs∂ B¿Pn-°p-∂Xpw a‰p NneXv Zo¿L-Imew sIm≠v B¿Pn-

°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cn-°pw. Cßs\ Ip´n-bn-ep-≠m-th≠ am‰-ßsf ap≥Iq´n \n›-bn-

°m≥ \ap°p km[n-°pw. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ hnhn[ L´-ß-fn¬ ]Tn-

Xmhv B¿Pn-t°≠ Adn-hp-Ifpw [mc-W-Ifpw tijn-I-fp-amWv ]T-\-t\-´-߃.

bqWn‰vXe ]T-\-t\-´-ß-fn-eq-sS h¿jm-¥y-Ønepw kvIqƒ L´-Øns‚ Ah-km-

\Ønepw ssIh-cn-°p∂ ]T\-t\-´-ß-fmbn Ch hnI-kn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

\nco-£-W-km-[yhpw Af-°m-hp-∂-Xp-amb {]I-S-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv

]T-\-t\-́ -߃ {]kvXm-hn-t°-≠-Xv. Hmtcm bqWn-‰n\pw ¢mkn\pw L -́Øn\psamSp-

hn¬ Ip´n t\tS≠ Adn-hv, tijn-Iƒ, aqey-߃, at\m-`m-h-߃ Ch t\Sn-bn-

´pt≠m F∂p hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ ]T-\-t\-́ -ß-fpsS hni-I-e-\-Øn-eqsS Ign-bpw. AXm-

bXv ]T-\-t\-´-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n IrXy-ambpw hy‡-ambpw hne-bn--cp-ج -

{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Bkq-{XWw sNøm≥ Ign-bpw.

]T-\-t\-´-ß-fpsS {]kvXm-h\ efn-Xhpw hy‡-hpw, IrXyhpw bp‡n-k-l-hp-am-

bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. A[ym-]-I¿°pw, ]Tn-Xm-hn\pw c£n-Xm-°ƒ°pw Bi-b-°p-g-

∏-ap-≠m-°mØhn[-am-bn-cn-°Ww ]T-\-t\-´-ßfpsS Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn. ]Tn-Xm-hn\v

F¥p-sN-øm≥ Ignbpw F∂ {]kvXm-h-\-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ Ip´n-bpsS ho£-W-Øn-eq-

sS-bmWv Ch {]kvXmhn°p∂-Xv. Cu {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ hnZym¿Yn tI{μo-Ir-X-am-

sW-∂¿Yw.

]T-\-t\-́ -߃ D≈-S-°w, {]{In-b-Iƒ, tijn-Iƒ, aqey-߃, at\m-̀ m-h-߃ F∂n-

h- Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-h-bm-h-Ww. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {]I-S-\-]-c-amb Ign-hp-I-sf∂ \ne-

bn¬ CXv A[ym-]-I-cpsS kmaqly DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw {]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw Dd∏m-°p-

∂p. Ip´n-bpsS ]T-\-\n-esb kw_-‘n®v c£n-Xm-°ƒ°v Xmev]-cyhpw Adnhpw

D≠m-°-Ww. ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]cn-lm-c-t_m-[-\hpw \nc-

So®¿ sSIvÃv

14

¥-c-aq-ey-\n¿W-b-{]-{In-b-bpsS `mK-ambn \S-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Npcp-°-Øn¬ ]T-\-

t\-́ -ßsf ¢mkvdqw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambpw hne-bn-cp-ج kao-]-\-hp-ambpw _‘n-

∏n-°-Ww. ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS ^e-{]-Z-amb hn\n-a-b-Øn-eqsS F√m ]Tn-Xm°-fp-

sSbpw ]T-\-t\´w Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ km[n-°-Ww. KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZym-̀ ym-k-Øn\v

CX-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

hnhchn\n-ab kmt¶-XnIhnZy

Adnhns‚ \n¿am-W-Ønepw hnX-c-W-Ønepw hnh-c-hn-\n-a-b-km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybv°v

apJy-]¶v hln-°m-\p-≠v. hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw hni-I-e-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw

sshhn-[y-amb Ah-X-c-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp-amWv CXv km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xv. lb¿sk-°≥U-

dn-bnse GsXmcp hnj-bhpw hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xn\v hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-Xn-I-

hnZy (ICT) bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXn-eqsS ]Tn-

Xm-°ƒ°v sF.kn.-Sn. tijn-Iƒ t\Sp∂p F∂v Dd-∏m-°m\pw km[n-°pw.

Bh-iy-I-X

]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚bpw D≈-S° hn\n-a-b-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°m≥

sF.kn.-Sn. °v km[n-°pw. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Gs‰-SpØv ^e-{]-Z-am-b- co-Xn-

bn¬ \S∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw {]k-‡hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn\pw

D∂-X-\n-e-hm-c-Øn-ep≈ Ah-X-c-W-Øn\pw KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ Dev∏-∂-߃ Xbm-

dm-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v sF.kn.-Sn. bneqsS km[n-°pw. bYm¿YyØn-ep-

∂n-bp-≈Xpw k¶o¿W-hp-amb {]mtbm-Kn-I-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ ]e-t∏mgpw A{]m-

tbm-Kn-I-am-Ip∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ sh¿®z¬ em_ns‚ {]tbm-P\w \¬Im-\m-

Ipw. Aßs\ ¢mkvap-dn-Iƒ kvam¿´v apdn-Iƒ F∂-Xn-ep-]cn emt_m-d-´-dn-I-fmbn

Db-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. Hmtcm hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]K-¤-cp-ambn kwh-Zn-°m\pw

AXmXv hnj-b-Øns‚ A\-¥-km-[y-X-Iƒ a\- n-em-°m\pw hoUntbm

tIm¨^d≥-knMv, tkmjy¬ aoUnb F∂n kwhn-[m-\-߃ ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v {]tbm-

P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hpw. IqSmsX PohnXkml-N-cy-Ønse hnhn[ Bh-iy-߃

(Hm¨sse≥ At]-£-Iƒ, ]co-£-Iƒ, A`n-ap-J-߃, hnhn[ tkh-\-߃ XpS-

ßnbh) t\Sp∂-Xn\pw sF.kn.-‰n. klm-b-I-c-am-hpw.

A\p-tbm-PyX

Zriy-˛-{ihy am[y-a-߃ ^e-{]-Z-amb ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-am-Wv. Ip´n-bpsS k¿K-ti-

jntbbpw _p≤n-bpsS _lp-X-e-ß-tfbpw D±o-]n-∏n-°m≥ sF.kn.-Sn. °v Ign-bpw.

Pn⁄m-kbpw DtZz-Khpw hgn ]T-\-hn-j-b-Øn¬ Xmev]cyw \ne-\n¿Øm-\m-hpw.

C{μo-b-]-cn-anXn A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h¿°v Cu km[yX Gsd {]tbm-P\w sNøpw.

i_vZwsIm≠pw ImgvN-sIm≠pw Imcy-߃ IqSp-X¬ A\p-̀ -th-Zy-am-°m≥ sF.kn.-

‰n. {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Spw. hyXykvX ]T-\m-\p-`-h-߃ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v CXv Fsd klm-

b-I-am-Wv.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

15

km[y-X-Iƒ

$ UnPn-‰n¬ cq]-Ønepw Ne-\m-fl-I-hp-amb ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃.

$ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v Bh-iy-amb A[n-I-hn-h-c-ßfpw {]k-t‚-j-\p-Ifpw

A\n-ta-j-\p-I-fpw.

$ Hmtcm hnj-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v temI-Øns‚ GXv `mKØpw e`y-am-hp∂

G‰hpw ]pXn-bXpw {]k-‡-hp-amb hnh-c-ß-fpsS e`y-X.

$ Hm¨sse≥ sSÃp-Ifpw kzbw-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-en\pw sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-en\pw Bh-

iy-amb kwhn-[m-\-߃

$ tNmZy-t]-∏¿ amXr-I-Ifpw DØc kqN-I-ß-fpw.

$ hnIvtSgvkv t]mse-bp≈ sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\-ep-I-fpsS ̂ e-{]-Z-amb D]-tbmKw.

$ Pohn-X-ss\-]p-Wn-Ifpw aqey-ßfpw at\m-̀ m-h-ßfpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw

am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dp°w Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ C‚-dm-IvSohv ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ.

$ \nb-{¥n-Xhpw \nb-a-hn-t[-b-hp-amb WiFi Imº-kp-Iƒ.

ka-{K-amb Hcp hnZym-`ymk t]m¿´¬ k÷-am-°n-s°m≠pw kvIqfp-I-fpsS ASn-

ÿm\ kuIcyw hnI-kn-∏n-®p-sIm≠pw A[ym-]-Isc im‡o-I-cn-®p-sIm≠pw hnh-

c-km-t¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS {]tbm-P\w AXns‚ Db¿∂ Xe-Øn-se-Øn-t°-≠Xv

Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Bh-iy-am-Wv.

hnizm-kyX

kma-{Kn-I-fpsS hnizm-kyX Dd∏v hcp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Kh¨sa‚ v Un∏m¿´v-sa‚ v

ssk‰p-Iƒ, hnZym-`ymk sh_vssk‰p-Iƒ, t]m¿´-ep-Iƒ, tªmKp-Iƒ, tkmjy¬

s\‰v h¿°p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hnh-cß-fpsS B[n-Im-cn-IX Dd-∏m°n

D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.

¢mkvdqw hn\n-a-b-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kma-{Kn-I-fpsS {]mtbm-Kn-IX Dd∏v hcp-

tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. CØcw kma-{Kn-Iƒ, Ah {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-tbm-Py-amb

tkm v̂‰vshb-dp-Iƒ F∂nh Ffp-∏-Øn¬ e`y-am-Ip-∂Xpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ Ign-

bp-∂Xpw sF.Sn \nb-a-߃ ]men-°p∂Xpam-bn-cn-°-Ww. sF.kn.Sn bpsS km[y-

X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ Ip´n-bpsS {]mbw, am\-kn-I-\ne, sX‰mb am¿K-

Øn-te°v t]mIp-hm-\p≈ {]h-WX F∂nh IW-°n-se-Sp-°-Ww.

Iem-]-T\w

kaq-l-Po-hn-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ apt∂m-´p≈ {]bm-W-Øn\v

Bkzm-Z\o-b--amb A\p-`-h-߃ Hcp-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mKam-bn-´mWv Ie-Iƒ cq]-s∏-

´p-h-∂-Xv.

Pohn-X-L-´-ß-fn¬ Ic-K-X-am-Ip∂ A\p-`-h-߃ a\pjya\- n¬ sshIm-cn-I-X-

bpsS Hmf-ß-fp-≠m-°p-Ibpw CXn¬\n∂pw Bkzm-Zy-I-c-amb A\p-`q-Xn-hn-ti-j-

So®¿ sSIvÃv

16

߃ DS-se-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. BZn--Im-ew apX¬ cq]-s∏-´p-h∂ Iem-cq-]-ß-

sf-√m-Xs∂ Zriy-˛-{i-hy-]-chpw a\p-jy-a-\- ns\ CØ-c-Øn¬ \ho-I-cn®v Pohn-

X-Øn¬ ]pØ≥ Du¿Pw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂-h-bp-am-sW∂pw \ap-°p-Im-Wmw. CXv

Ie-bpsS {]tXyI i‡n-hn-ti-j-am-Wv. ""Literature, Music and the arts allare necessary for the development and following of a student to form anintegrated total personality'' F∂Xv IeIsf-∏-‰n-bp≈ SmtKm-dns‚ ImgvN-∏m-

Sm-Wv. kaq-l-]p-tcm-K-Xn-°pth≠n h¿Øn® alm-flm-°-sf-√m-hcpw CØ-c-Øn¬

Ie-I-sf-∏‰n kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.

$ k¿Km-flI-X, \nco-£-W-]m-S-hw, A\p-I-c-W-hm-k-\, I¬∏-\m-ti-jn, hyXn-

cn-‡-_p≤n F∂nh Ip´n- I-fn¬ hf¿Øm≥ Iem-]-T\w AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-

amWv.

$ F√m-ØcØn-epap≈ _p≤n-h-f¿®bv°v A`n-t{]-cW \¬Ip∂ ]T-\m-h-k-

c-߃ CXn-eqsS Ip´n-Iƒ°v e`n-°pIbpw sNøpw.

]Tn-Xmhv B¿Pn® k¿K-ti-jn-Isf hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I, Ie-tbbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw

kw_-‘n®v hnim-e-amb ho£Ww cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂n-h-bmWv lb¿sk-°‚dn

Xe-Øn¬ Iem-]-T-\-Øn-eqsS e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xv. H∏w Iem-km-lnXy taJ-e-I-fn¬

D∂X ]T-\-Øn\pw Kth-j-W-Øn-\p-ap≈ A`n-cpNn hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

\nco-£-W-]m-S-hw, Bkzm-Z-\-ti-jn, A\p-I-cW hmk\ XpS-ßn-bh ]Tn-Xm-°-

fn¬ hf¿Øm≥ Iem-]-T\w A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. thdn´ Nn¥-Iƒ, thdn® {]Xo-I-I-

c-W-tijn F∂nh cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw kmaq-lnI CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Dd-∏m-°m\pw

]T\w IqSp-X¬ ̂ e-{]-Z-am-°m\pw Iem-]-T\w klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p. Ip´n-Isf I¿a-

\n-c-Xcpw AXyp-’m-ln-I-fp-am-°n Du¿P-kz-eX icn-bmb Zni-bn-te°v hgn-Xn-

cn®p hnSm≥ Iem-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ klm-bn-°p-∂p.

Btcm-Ky˛ImbnI hnZ-ym-`-ymkw

2001--- se Uªyp.F-®v.H. dnt∏m¿´v A\p-k-cn®v C¥-y-bnse bphm-°-fn¬ `qcn-`m-

Khpw PohnXssieo tcmK-߃°n-c-bm-b-h-cm-Wv. tIc-f-k¿°m-dns‚ IW-°-\p-

k-cn®v, 2008˛09 A[-y-b\ h¿j-Øn¬ 16,28943 hnZ-ym¿∞n-I-fn¬ \S-Ønb Imbn-

I-£-aXm ]cn-tim-[-\-bn¬ 20% Øn¬ Xmsg am{X-amWv icn-bmb tbmK-yX D≈-

hcmbn Is≠-Øn-b-Xv. Cu c≠p hkvXp-X-Ifpw A\m-tcm-K-y-I-c-amb kmaq-lm-h-

ÿ-sb-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-Ihpw Bflo-

b-hp-amb kpÿn-Xn-bpsS kmI-e-y-sØ-bmWv Btcm-Kyw F∂- ]Zw A¿∞-am-°p-

∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ BtcmKyw hy‡nbpsS \ne-\n¬]n\v A\n-hm-c-y-am-

Wv. icn--bmb coXn-bnep≈ B-tcm-Ky˛ImbnIhnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øns‚ \n¿h-l-W-Øn-

eqsS CØcw {]Xn-k-‘n-Isf adn-I-S-°m≥ km[n-°pw. ImbnIanI-hp-Iƒ {]I-

Sn-∏n-°p∂ Ip´n-Isf imkv{Xob ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-eqsS {]Xn-̀ -I-fm°n am‰p∂ {]{Inb

hfsc Ipd®v Ip´n-Iƒ°v am{Xw \¬tI≠ {]h¿Ø-\-am-Wv. F∂m¬ s]mXpkaq-

l-Ønse apgp-h≥ hy-‡n-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\v Bhi-y-amb tIhe

So®¿ sSIvÃv

17

Btcm-K-y-Im-bnI £aX Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-\mbn Btcm-K-y-˛Im-bnI hnZ-ym-

`ymkw ss{]adn Xew apX¬ imkv{Xo-bhpw ka-{K-hp-ambn \¬I-Ww. AXn\v

tZiob ]mT-y-]-≤Xn N´-°qSv ˛ 2005 B-tcm-K-y˛ ImbnI hnZ-ym-`-ym-ksØ kw_-

‘n®v apt∂m v́ h® Bhiym-[n-jvTnX kao-]\w, DZv{K-YnX kao-]\w F∂n-hbv°v

khn-tij{i≤bpw {]m-[m-\yhpw \evtI-≠-Xm-Wv.

D≈-S° taJ-e-bpsS Adn-hn-t\m-sSm∏w {]I-S-\-an-Ihpw imco-cn-I-£-a-Xbpw hne-

bn-cp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠m-Wv. tIcf kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤Xn 2013 hn`mh\w sNøp-∂Xpw

ss{]a-dn-bn¬ Bcw-`n®v Btcm-Ky-Im-bnI hnZym-`ymkw lb¿sk-°≥Udn Xe-

Øn¬ FØp-tºm-gmWv ]q¿W-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Btcm-Ky-˛-Im-bnI hnZym-`ymk cwKØv

anIhv ]pe¿Øp∂ ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v cmPym-¥c km[y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-

\m-hpw-hn[w ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Bkq-{XWw sNø-Ww. CXp-hsc B¿÷n®

Imbn-I-£-a-Xbpw ]cn-io-e-\-an-Ihpw D≈-S-°-kw-_-‘n-bmb Adnhpw imco-cnI

hf¿®-tbmSv Nph-Sp-h-bv°p-∂p. imco-cn-I-amb am‰-߃ imkv{Xob-ambn a\- n-

em-°p-∂-Xn\v Btcm-Ky-Im-bnI hnZym-`ymkw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p.

BtcmKy˛ImbnI hnZym-̀ ym-k-Øns‚ {][m\ Dt±-iy-߃

$ Poh≥ c£m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambn CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈

imkv{Xo-b-amb {]mtbm-KnI tijn ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v.

$ elcn D]-t`m-K-Øns‚ A\-¥c ^e-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v.

$ ssewKn-Im-tcm-Ky-sØ-∏‰n icn-bmb Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\v.

$ AXve‰n-Ivkn¬ t\Snb ss\]p-Wn-I-fn¬ sshZKv[yw t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw

imkv{Xob hni-I-e\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw.

$ taP¿ sKbn-an¬ sshZKv[yw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v.

$ Bfl-c£X{¥Øn¬ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp-∂-Xn\v.

$ hymbma apd-I-fn-eqsS izk\ hyh-ÿ-bnepw lrZ-b-˛-[-a\n hyh-ÿ-bnepw

kw`-hn-°p∂ hyXn-bm-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v [mcW t\Sp-∂-Xn\v.

$ B{I-a-tWm-’p-I-X (Aggression), kwXp-enX B{I-a-tWm-’p-IX (Bal-anced or controlled aggression) F∂nh a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v.

$ kpc-£n-Xhpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb hymbma apd-Iƒ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v.

$ ImbnIaqey-ß-sf-°p-dn®v [mcW t\Sp-∂-Xn\v.

{]hrØn]T\w

I≠-dn-hv, tI´-dn-hv, sNbvX-dnhv F∂n-h-I-fpsS ka-\z-b-amWv Ip´n-bn¬ Adn-hns‚

\n¿amWw km[y-am-°p-∂-Xv. A\p-`-hm-[n-jvTn-Xhpw At\z-j-Wm-fl-I-hp-amb ]T-

\-co-Xn-bmWv C∂v \ne-hn-ep-≈-Xv. sshIm-cnI˛ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-I-fpsS ka\-

z-bhpw hnIm-khpw km[y-am-°p∂-Xn\v {]hr-Øn-]-cn-Nb hnZym-`ymkw A\n-hm-

cy-am-Wv.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

18

]Tn-Xmhv kvIqfn-\p-≈nepw ]pdØpw kPo-h-ambn CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw kz¥w Nn¥m-

tijn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn At\z-jn-°p-Ibpw A]-{K-Yn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kml-

Ncyw kwPm-X-am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ ]Tn-Xm-hn\v Bfl-hn-izm-khpw

{]hrØn ]cn-N-bhpw kzbw ]cym-]vX-Xbpw t\SnsbSp-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ hn[-Øn¬

{]h¿Ø-\m-[n-jvTnX ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw AXv hn\n-abw sNøp-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ ]T\

{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \S-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

lb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]mTy-hn-j-b-ß-fp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p-

sIm-≠p≈ {]hrØn]T-\-am-bn-cn°pw IqSp-X¬ A`n-Im-ayw.

{]hrØn]T\-Øns‚ kp{]-[m\ e£y߃

$ am\-h-tijn hnI-k\w

$ tZio-b-]p-tcm-KXn

$ sXmgn¬ k∂-≤X

$ D¬∏m-Z-\-cw-KsØ kzm{i-bXzw

$ k¥p-en-X-hy-‡nXz hnI-k\w

$ aqey-ßfpw at\m-`m-h-ßfpw hf¿Ø¬

F∂n-ßs\ Cu e£y-߃ kw{K-ln®v ]d-bmw.

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ hnZym-`ymkw (Inclusive Education)

¢mkvapdn-bn¬ F√m Ip´n-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂, Bscbpw ]pd-¥-≈mØ Hcp

]T-\m-¥-co£w kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. \ΩpsS hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ {][m-\-ambpw c≠p

hn`m-K-°m¿°v IqSp-X¬ ]cn-K-W-\bpw klm-bhpw {i≤bpw \¬In \oXn-]q¿h-

amb KpW-ta∑m hnZym-`ymkw (Equitable Quality Education) Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-

≠-Xp≠v.

Bsc-√m-amWv khn-ti-j-{i-≤bpw ]T-\-k-lm-bhpw ]cn-c-£bpw Bh-iy-ap-≈-

h¿?

(F) kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ ]pd¥≈s∏´-h-cpsS

Ip´nIƒ.

$ -ISpØ Zmcn{Zyw t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿, BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ, s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ, ]´n-I-PmXn

]´n-I-h¿K-Øn¬ s]´-h¿, A\y-tZ-iØp\n∂v IpSn-tb-dn-b-h¿, ÿnc-ambn

Xma-k-ku-Icyw C√mØ hn`m-K-°m¿, ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ hnth-N\w A\p-`-

hn-°p-∂-h¿ F∂n-ßs\ H´\-h[n t]¿ C°q-´Øn¬ s]Sp-∂p.

]cn-an-Xn-I-sfbpw hyXy-kvXX-I-sfbpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw _lp-

am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww CØcw Ip´n-I-tfm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS kao-

]\w. hnZym-e-b-Ønse Iq´mb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS CØ-c-°m-cpsS {]bm-k-

߃ \ap°v ]cn-l-cn-°m-\m-Ipw.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

19

(_n) imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂ -Ip-´n-Iƒ.

imco-cn-I-hpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿°pw ]T-\-{]-bmkw

A\p-̀ -h-s∏-Sp∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw {]tXyI ]T-\m-h-iy-ßfp≠v (Special EducationalNeeds). tIƒhn-°p-d-hv, ImgvNm ]cn-an-Xn, _p≤n-]-c-amb ]cn-an-Xn, Ne\]c-amb

]cn-an-Xn, ]T-\-ssh-I-eyw, Hm´n-kw, skdn-{_¬ ]mƒkn, _lp-ap-J-ssh-I-ey-߃,

sshIm-cnI Ak-¥p-enXmhÿbnep≈ Ip´n-Iƒ, {i≤m-]-c-amb ]cn-anXn D≈-

h¿ F∂n-hsc√mw CXn¬s∏Sp-∂p.

Ch¿°p-th≠n ]mTy-]--≤-XnbpsS hn\n-a-bØn¬ \mw Fs¥-√mw A\p-h¿Øn-

t°-≠-Xp≠v?

$ ]T-\m-h-iy-߃, A`n-cpNn F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn®v ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Bkq-

{X-Ww.

$ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fnØw e`y-am-Ip∂ coXn-bn¬ ]mTm-kq-{X-W-

Øn¬ A\p-cq-]o-I-cWw.

$ hyXykvX ]T-\-th-K-w, ]T-\-ssien F∂nh ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v _lp C{μn-

bm-[n-jvTnX kao-]\w (Multisensory Approach) \S-∏n-em-°¬.

$ ]cn-lm-c-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ (Remedial Practices), t]mj-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

(Enrichment Practices) F∂nh Hmtcm Ip´n°pw Bh-iym-[n-jvTn-X-ambn

Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp \S-∏n-em-°-¬.

$ hnhn[ hne-bn-cp-ج km[y-X-Iƒ Ab-thmsS (Flexibility) {]mh¿Øn-I-

am-°¬.

$ dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw a‰p hnZ-Kv[-cp-sSbpw klmbw Dd-∏m-°¬.

$ Ip´n-bpsS ]T-\w, ]cn-c-£- F∂o Imcy-ß-fn¬ c£n-Xm-°-fpsS \nc-¥-c-]n-

¥pW Dd∏m°¬.

Cu c≠p taJ-e-bnse Ip´n-I-sf- Iq-SmsX khn-tij {i≤bpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw

th≠-h-cmWv h¿[n® A`n-cp-Nnbpw Ignhpap≈ Ip´n-Iƒ (Gifted Children).

Cßs\ F√m hn`mKw Ip´n-I-sfbpw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w kvIqƒ

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw `uXn-I-km-l-N-cy-ß-sfbpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn {Iao-I-cn-t°-

≠-Xp-≠v.

aqe-y-߃, at\m-`m-h-߃, {]Xn-_-≤X F∂nh hf¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-X-Ip∂ taJ-e-

Iƒ

]Tn-Xm-hn¬ am\-hnIaqe-y-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw `c-W-L-S\maqe-y-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Ah-

t_m[w krjvSn-°pI, kmaq-lnIPohnXw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ at\m-`mhw krjvSn-

°pI, kmaq-lnI{]Xn-_-≤X hf¿ØpI XpS-ßnbh ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS {]Ya

]cn-K-W\m hnj-b-ß-fm-Wv. Ch hf¿Øm≥ \n¿tZ-in-°-s∏´ Bi-b-ta-J-eIfpsS

hni-Zmwi߃ \¬Ip∂p

So®¿ sSIvÃv

20

P\m-[n-]-Xyt_m[w

hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fpsS D≈-S°w Xnc-s™Sp-°p-tºmƒ P\m-[n-]-X-ysØ kw_-

‘n-°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Bkq-{X-W-

Ønepw hn\n-ab{]{In-b-bnepw P\m-[n-]-Xykao-]-\-ap-≠m-h-Ww. P\m-[n-]-Xy]c-

amb ¢mkv, kvIqƒ (P\m-[n-]XythZn-Iƒ) F∂n-h-bn-eqsS P\m-[n-]-Xy]c-amb

PohnXkao-]\w cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpIsb∂Xv ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS e£y-amWv.

`cWLS\maqe-y-߃

\ΩpsS `c-W-L-S\ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ aqe-y-ßfpw e£-y-ßfpw ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-

bn¬ {]Xn-^-en-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. `c-W-L-S-\maqey߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ hnZ-ym¿Yn-

Isf {]m]vX-cm-°p∂ D≈-S-°hpw hn\n-a-b{]{In-bbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ {i≤n-

°-Ww.

atX-X-c- at\m-`mhw

atX-X-c at\m-`mhw hf¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ hnj-b-ta-J-e-Iƒ D≈-S-°-Øn¬ tN¿°p-

Ibpw AXn-\p-X-Ip∂ hn\n-a-b-coXn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøWw.

kln-jvWpX

hntbm-Pn-°p-∂-h-sc-t∏mepw kln-jvWp-XtbmsS ImWpI F∂ -X-Øzw ]mT-y-]-

≤Xn e£y-am-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

{Inbm-flI ˛ k¿Km-flI Nn¥

hnZ-ym¿Yn-I-fn¬ k¿Km-flIhpw {Inbm-fl-I-hp-amb Nn¥bpw At\-z-j-Whpw

hf¿tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS D≈-S-°-ta-J-e-I-fnepw ]T\X{¥-ß-fnepw

k¿Km-fl-I-amb At\z-j-W-߃°p≈ km[-yXbp≠m-hWw; _lp-apJ_p≤n-

bpsS (Multiple Intelligence) Xe-߃ ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

kwkvIr-Xn-tbmSpw ss]Xr-I-tØm-Sp-ap≈ BZ-chv

\ΩpsS kmwkvIm-cnI ss]XrI-tØmSpw Ncn-{X-tØmSpw BZ-c-]q¿h-amb at\m-

`mhw kr„n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv ]mT-y-]-≤Xn hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ e£y-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv.

ka-Xzw F∂ Bibw

hnhn[ Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw ]T\-{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw XpeyX, ka-`m-h\ F∂nh

Dd∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

t\Xr-]m-Shw

]pXnb kl-{km-_vZ-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sm\pw km[-y-X-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-

s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-ap-X-Ip∂ t\Xm-°sf krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn-\p- ]-c-ym-]vX-amb ]T\X{¥-

߃ hnI-kn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ¢mkvdqw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ F√m ]Tn-Xm-°fpsSbpw

]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw t\Xr-ti-jn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kml-N-c-y-

߃ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

21

Pohn-X-ss\-]pWo hnZ-ym-`-ymkw (Life Skill Education)ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ hy-‡n-Iƒ°-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ {]iv\-ßfpw {]Xn-_-‘-

ßfpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb A\p-Iq-e-hpw A\p-Kp-W-hp-

amb s]cp-am-‰-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ Ign-hp-I-fmWv PohnXss\]p-Wn-Iƒ. kzbw

Adn-b¬ (Self awareness), kl-̀ m-hw (Empathy), Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ti-jn (Com-munication skill), hy‡y¥-c-_-‘w (Inter personal relationship), k¿Km-

fl-I-Nn-¥ (Creative thinkings), hna¿i-\m-flI-Nn-¥ (Critical thinking), Xocp-

am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°¬ (Decision making), {]iv\-]-cn-l-c-Ww (Problem solving),

hnIm-c-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-°¬ (Coping with emotions), am\-knI kΩ¿±-ßsf

AXn-Po-hn°¬ (Coping with stress) F∂n-h-bmWv {][m\ Pohn-X-ss\-]p-Wn-

Iƒ. Ip´n-I-fpsS kml-Ncy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn Cu taJ-e-I-fnse LS-I-

߃ ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Pohn-XsØ Bflhni-zm-k-tØm-

sS- kao]n°m\pw apt∂-dm\pw CØcw ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ ]Tn-Xm-hns\ klm-bn-

°p∂p.

]uc-[¿aw

cmjv{S-Øn\v P\-ß-tfm-sS-∂-t]mse ]uc≥am¿°v cmjv{S-tØmSpw Nne [¿a-

ßfpw I¿Ø-h-y-ßfpw \n¿h-ln-°m-\p-≠v. cmjv{S-hn-I-k\w a\p-j-y-tijnhnI-k-

\-ambn ImWp∂ C∂sØ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ]uc-t_m-[-ap≈ P\-Xsb krjvSn-

°pI F∂-Xm-Wt√m hnZym`ymk-Øns‚ {][m\ [¿aw. Hcp kz-X{¥

kaqlkrjvSn-tbm-sSm∏w A®-S-°t_m-[hpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzt_m[-hp-ap≈ Hcp

kaq-l-Øns‚ krjvSn-°mbn ]uc≥amsc Xbm-dm-t°-≠Xv hnZ-ym-`-ymk hy-h-ÿ-

bpsS e£y-am-Wv.

apXn¿∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ BZcw

apXn¿∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ BZcw kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ BWn-°-√m-Wv. F√m

kwkvIm-c-ßfpw apXn¿∂-h¿°v A¿l-amb ]cn-K-W-\bpw BZ-chpw \¬Im-dp-

≠v. Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS k©nX tiJ-c-amWv {]mb-am-b-h-cpsS {][m\ khn-

ti-j-X. A\p-̀ -h-ß-fpsS aqi-bn¬ Dcp-h-s∏´ Adn-hp-Iƒ ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbv°v ssIam-

dp-∂-Xn-eqsS kmwkvIm-cnI PohnXw XpS¿®-bp-≈Xpw ss]Xr-IsØ ]cn-K-Wn-

°p-∂-Xp-am-hpw. tIc-fob ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ apXn¿∂-h-tcm-Sp≈ ]cn-K-W\ Ah-K-

W-\-bpsS Xe-Øn-te°v hgn-am-dn-t∏m-Ip-∂p-thm-sb∂ `bmi¶ {]_-e-am-Wv.

kvt\lm¿{Zhpw kl-̀ m-h-tØm-sS-bp-ap≈ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn-eqsS apXn¿∂-h-tcm-Sp≈

BZcw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ ]Tn-Xm-°sf t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ LS-I-߃ D≈-S-°-hn-\n-a-b-

Øns‚ `mK-am-th-≠-Xp-≠v.

a\p-j-ym-h-Im-i-߃

a\p-j-y-sc∂ \ne-bn¬ A¥-t msS Pohn-°m-\p≈ hy-‡n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-

fmWv a\pjym-h-Im-i-߃. sFIy-cmjv{Sk -̀bpsS a\p-j-ym-h-Imi {]Jym-]-\-Øn-

So®¿ sSIvÃv

22

eqsS km¿h-{Xn-I Aw-Ko-Imcw e`n® a\p-j-ym-h-Im-i-߃°v ]mT-y-]-≤Xn cq]o-I-

c-W-Ønepw hn\n-ab{]{In-b-bnepw {]m[m-\yw \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃

Ip´n-I-fpsS F√m-hn[ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \ΩpsS

IS-a-bmbn amdp-∂p.

]mcn-ÿn-XnI Ah-t_m[w

{]Ir-Xn-sbbpw {]IrXnhn`h kwc-£-W-sØbpw kw_-‘n-°p∂ ASn-ÿm\

ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ss{]adn ¢mkp-Iƒ apX¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. hy-‡n-ip-Nn-Xzwt]mse

{][m-\-amWv ]cn-k-c-ip-Nn-X-z-sa∂pw ipNn-X-z-t_m[w ]uc-[¿aØns‚ ASn-ÿm\

LS-I-ßfnsem∂msW∂pw hnZ-ym¿Yn-Isf t_m[-y-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. {]Ir-Xnbpw

{]Ir-Xn-hn-̀ -h-ßfpw a\p-j-ys‚ Bh-i-y-߃°p am{X-ap≈Xs√∂pw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS

k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ am‰w Zqchym-]-I-amb {]X-ym-Lm-X-߃°p Imc-W-am-

hp-sa-∂p-ap≈ at\m-̀ mhw hnZ-ym¿Yn-I-fn¬ hf¿Ø-Ww. {]IrXnhn -̀h-kw-c-£-Whpw

]cn-kcipNn-X-zhpw Hcp aqeyhy-h-ÿbpw at\m-`m-hhpam°nam‰p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-

߃ Gs‰-SpØp \S-∏m-°-Ww.

Pe-km-£-cX

Pe-e-`y-X-tbbpw Pe-kw-c-£-W-tØbpw AXv amen-\y-ap-‡-am-bn-cn-t°≠ Bh-

iy-I-tXbpw a\- n-em°n Pew Aaq-ey-amWv F∂ Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-t°-≠-

Xp≠v. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ Pe-hn-\n-tbm-K-Øn¬ Icp-tX≠ kq£va-X-I-tfbpw

Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ Ah-kcw ]mTy-]-≤Xn \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

kam-[m\hnZ-ym-`-ymkw

hy-‡n-X-e-Ønepw a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Spw ]cn-X-ÿn-Xn-I-tfmSpw kam-[m-\-]-c-ambpw

kulm¿Z-]-c-ambpw CS-s]-Sm-\p≈ Ignhpw aqe-y-ßfpw at\m-`m-h-ßfpw hf¿Øp-

I-bmWv kam-[m\hnZym-`-ym-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w. kwL¿j-ßfpw kwL¿j-

߃°v hgn-sX-fn-°p∂ kml-N-cy-ßfpw Hgn-hm-°p-Ibpw im¥n-bp-sSbpw kulr-

Z-Øns‚bpw kam-[m-\-Øns‚bpw km[y-X-Iƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bnse hnhn[ hnj-

b-ta-J-e-I-fn-eqsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xv kam-[m-\-hn-Z-ym-`-ym-k-Øn\v

A\n-hm-c-y-amWv.

\nbakm£-cX

\nb-a-ßsf kw_-‘n-°p∂ Adnhpw Aht-_m-[hpw Hcp P\m-[n-]-XycmP-y-Ønse

]uc-∑m¿°v A\n-hm-c-y-am-Wv. \nbakm£-cX Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb ]mT-

`m-K-߃ hnj-b-_-‘n-X-ambn Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv Im-e-L´Øns‚ Bh-i-y-am-Wv.

\nb-a-k-lm-b-th-Zn, \nba¢∫p-Iƒ, \nb-a- ¢n-\n-°p-Iƒ, \nb-a-t_m-[-h-¬°-cWw

F∂n-ßs\ hy-X-y-kvX -{]h¿Ø\]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

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ssk_¿ km£-cX

hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Z-y-bpsS Zpcp-]-tbm-K-ßfpw {Inan-\¬ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

Zn\w{]Xn-sb-t∂mWw h¿[n°p-∂p-≠v. Ip´n-Isf CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

AI‰n\n¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ t_m[-h¬°-cWw ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ `mK-ambn Dƒs∏-

Sp-Ø-Ww. C‚¿s\‰v, tkmjy¬ s\‰vh¿°nMv ssk‰p-Iƒ, C˛sabn¬ XpS-ßnb-

h-bpsSsbms° D]-tbm-KsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ hy-‡hpw IrX-y-hp-amb [mc-Wbpw

Adnhpw ]I¿∂p \¬I-Ww. ssk_¿ Ip‰-Ir-X-y-߃°p≈ in£sb kw_-

‘n®pw C‚¿s\‰v D]-tbm-K-Ønse [m¿Ωn-I-Xsb°pdn®pw t_m[-h¬°-cn-°p-

∂-Xn\v ]mT-y-]-≤Xn Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-Ww.

am[-ya Ah-t_m[w

am[y-a-ß-fm¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kaq-l-amWv \Ωp-tS-Xv. Zri-y-am-[-y-a-ßsf Hgn-®p-

\n¿Øn-bp≈ PohnXw kz]v\w ImWm≥t]mepw km[y-a-√m-Ø-hn[w am[y-a-߃

\nXy-Po-hn-XØns‚ `mK-ambn Ign-™p. Zriy-am-[y-a-߃ ]Tn-Xm-°sf hn]p-e-

ambn kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p-≠v. hna¿im-\m-flI am[-y-a- Ah-t_m[Øn\v klm-bn-

°p∂ hnhn[ LS-I-߃ ]mTy-]-≤Xn D≈-S°taJ-e-I-fn¬ Bh-i-y-am-Wv.

kpÿn-c -hn-I-k\ ImgvN-∏mSv

`qan a\p-j-y\p am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-X-s√-∂p-≈- ]m-cnÿnXnIm-h-t_m[w ]mTy-

]-≤Xn ]I¿∂p \¬tI-≠-Xp≠v. ]mcn-ÿnXnIamb sh√p-hn-fn-Isf kw_-‘n-

®pw ]cn-ÿnXnØI¿®-bv°p Imc-W-am-hp∂ a\p-j-ys‚ CS-s]-S-ep-Isf kw_-

‘n®pw ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb Kpcp-X-c-amb A]-I-S-ß-fn¬\n∂v Fßs\ c£-s∏-Sp-

Øpsa∂Xn-s\-°p-dn-®pap≈ Xncn-®-dnhv C°m-eØv {][m-\-am-Wv. ]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw

hnI-k-\hpw Fßs\ tbmPn-∏n-®p-t]mImw F∂ At\-z-j-Whpw kpÿn-c-hn-I-

k-\sØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw At\-z-j-W-ßfpw ]mT-y-]-≤Xn

Db¿Øn∏nSn-t°-≠XmWv. ka-{K-amb ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-Im-h-t_m[w krjvSn-°p-I-sb-

∂Xv ]mT-y-]-≤Xn e£-y-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv.

IuamchnZ-ym-`-ymkw

inip-a-\-xim-kv{X-⁄-cpsSbpw Btcm-Ky{]h¿Ø-I-cp-sSbpw tUmIvS¿am-cp-sSbpw

A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw kwbp‡ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fn-eqsS Iuam-c-hn-Z-ym-`-ym-k-Øn-\mh-i-y-

amb D≈S°taJ-e-Iƒ hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ km[-yX

]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ]Tn-Xm-°-fpsS Btcm-Kyw, ip-Nn-Xzw F∂nh kw_-‘-

amb kwi-b-ß-sfbpw Ah-y-‡-X-I-sfbpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠Xv

A\n-hm-cy-amW

D]-t`m-K-kw-kvImcw

D]-t`mKkwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Zqjy-̂ eßsf kw_-‘n-°p∂ hkvXp-X-Iƒ ss{]adn

¢mkp-Iƒ apX¬ ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. D]-t`m-‡mhv F∂

\ne-bn-ep≈ \ΩpsS Ah-Im-i-ßfpw D]-t`m-IvXr\nb-a-ßfpw hnj-b-_-‘n-X-

So®¿ sSIvÃv

24

ambn IS-∂p-h-c-Ww.

el-cn-hn-cp≤ at\m-`mhw

aZ-yw, ab-°p-a-cp-∂p-Iƒ, ]pI-bn-e, a‰p elcn]Zm¿Y-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS D]-tbmKw

]pXp-X-e-ap-dbpsS Btcm-Ky-w XI¿°p-∂p-sh∂ Xncn-®-dnhv \ap-°p-≠m-hWw. ̀ mhn-

X-e-ap-dsb Ch-bpsS Zqjn-X-h-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂p kwc-£n-t°≠-XmWv. CXn-\mbn

elcn D]-tbm-K-Øns‚ imco-cnI ˛ am\-knImLmX-ßfpw A]-I-S-ßfpw hy-‡-

am-°p∂ Nn{X-߃, eLp-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ, Zriy-߃ F∂nh D≈-S-°-ta-J-e-bpsS

]cn-K-W-\bn¬ htc-≠-Xm-Wv. elcnhncp≤ at\m-`mhw krjvSn-°p-I-bm-hWw

Ch-bpsSsb√mw ASn-ÿm\e£-yw.

enwK-\oXn

]mT-y-]-≤Xn enwKka-X-zhpw enwK\oXnbpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xm-h-Ww. B¨-˛-s]¨

hnth-N\w ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ IS-∂p-h-cm≥ ]mSn-√. ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ßfnse Nn{X-

ß-fn¬t∏mepw enwK\oXn-bpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fp-≠m-th-≠-Xp-≠v. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-

\-߃ Gs‰-SpØp \S-∏m-°p-tºmƒ enwK-\oXn Dd-∏m-t°-≠Xv A[ym-]-I-cpsS

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv.

anX-h-y-b-ioew

ss{]a-dn-Xew apX¬ Xs∂ anX-h-y-b-io-e-Øns‚ _me-]m-T-߃ Ip´n-I-fn¬ k∂n-

th-in-∏n-°-Ww. anX-hybioe-Øns‚ {]k-‡nbpw {]m[m-\-yhpw hy-‡-am-°mw.

anX-h-y-b-ioew {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°m-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°m-

hp∂XmWv.

tdmUv kpc£

tdmUn¬ ]men-t°≠ \nb-a-߃, tdmU-]-I-S-߃ Hgn-hm-°m-\p≈ {]mtbm-KnI

\n¿tZ-i-߃, {]h¿Ø-\-߃ F∂n-h-sb√mw tdmUv kpc-£-bpsS LS-I-ß-

fmWv. tdmUv F∂Xv Hcp s]mXpCS-am-sW∂pw \ap-°p-≈-Xp-t]mse a‰p-≈-

h¿°pw tdmUv D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ kzmX-{¥-y-ap-s≠-∂p-ap≈ ]uc-t_m[w ]I¿∂p

\¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. tdmUv kpc-£-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-́ p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw {]m[m-

\yw \¬IWw.

]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS kzm-`m-hn-I-amb hn\n-a-b-Øn¬ Cu taJ-e-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-

°n-bp≈ ]T-\m-\p-`-h-߃ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fpsS D≈-S°]c-

amb Bi-b-߃ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmgpw ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø\-߃ {Iao-I-cn-°p-tºmgpw

aXn-bmb ]cn-K-W\ e`n-t°-≠-Xp≠v. ]T-\˛-t_m-[\ {]{In-b-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-

t]m-Ip-tºmƒ CØcw Bi-b-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´ Adnhv, ss\]p-Wn, at\m-

`mhw F∂n-hbv°v Du∂¬ thWw. Cu e£y-߃ t\Sm≥ km[n-®n-´pt≠m

F∂v \nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-ج {]{In-bbn-eqsS ]cn-tim-[n-°m\pw IgnbWw. hnhn[

¢∫v {]h¿Ø-\-߃, SPC, NCC, Scout & Guides, JRC, hnZymcwKw

Iem-km-lnXythZn XpS-ßnb kwhn-[m-\-߃ aqe-y-߃, at\m-`m-h-߃, {]Xn-

So®¿ sSIvÃv

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_-≤X F∂nh hf¿Øm-\p≈ thZn-Ifm-IWw.

Ah-Imim[njvTnX hnZym-`ymkw (Right based Education)Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ \n¿Wbn-°p-Ibpw temI-hym-]-I-ambn \S-∏m-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂-Xn\v bp\kvtIm ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. CtX XpS¿∂v hnhn[

cmPy-ß-fn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Imikwc-£-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Ht´sd \nb-a-

\n¿am-W-߃ \S-∂n-´p-≠v. C¥y-bn¬ tZiobhnZym-`ymkmh-Imi\nbaw ˛ 2009

\S-∏m-°n-bXv Hcp kp{]-[m\ \mgn-I-°-√mbn IW-°m-°mw. Ip´n-I-fpsS F√m-

hn[ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw apXn¿∂-h-cmb \ΩpsS

IS-a-bmbn amdp-∂p. hnZym-`ymk Ah-Im-i-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ Ah {][m-

\-ambpw aq∂p taJ-e-I-fn-embn-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hpw.

$ ]¶m-fnØw (Participation)$ e`yX (Provision)$ kwc-£Ww (Protection)X\n°v e`y-amb Ah-Im-ißsf°p-dn®v Ip´n- Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn°pw?

]¶m-fnØw

$ Ip´n-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m Xocp-am-\-ß-fnepw Fs‚ A`n-{]mbw Bcm-

bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Xocp-am-\-ß-fn¬ Fs‚ Xm¬∏-cy-Øn\v apJy-]-cn-K-W\ e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ Ign-hp-Ifpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn™v \¬Ip∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬

]¶mfnbmIm≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m\pw ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°m\pw Ign-bp∂

hg-°-ap≈ ]T-\-{]-{In-b-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Im-≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ A`n-{]m-b-߃°v am\y-amb ÿm\w e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ F\n°pw Iq´p-Im¿°pw ¢mkn¬ \S-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kPo-h-amb

]¶m-fnØw e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ Fs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ F\n-°-h-kcw e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

e`yX

$ aXn-bmb hnZym-`ym-k-tbm-Ky-X-bp-≈hcpw Adn-hp-Iƒ Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]pXp-

°p-∂h-cp-amb A[ym-]-I-cpsS tkh\w F\n°v e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p≈ apgp-h≥ ka-bhpw ]T-\m-\p-`-h-߃ e`n-°p∂p-≠v.

$ imco-cn-I˛am\-knI hf¿®sb ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p∂Xn\v tbmPn® ¢mkvdqw

A¥-co£w F\n-°v e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°m-h-iy-amb ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-߃ bYm-k-abw Hcp-°n-

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Ø-cm≥ Fs‚ A[ym-]-I¿°v Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Iem-̨ -Im-bnI ]cn-t]m-j-W-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb D]-I-c-W-ßfpw Ah-k-c-ßfpw

F\n°v In´p∂p-≠v.

$ `mhn-bn¬ sXmgn¬ t\Sp-∂-Xn-\m-h-i-y-amb am¿K \n¿t±-i-߃°pw, e`-y-am-

Ip-∂-Xv.

kwc-£Ww

$ hnZym-e-b-Øntem ]pdtØm bmsXm-cp-hn[ hnth-N-\hpw Rm≥ A\p-`-hn-

°p-∂n-√.

$ Fs∂ Hcp Xc-Ønepw Bcpw Ah-K-Wn-°p∂n-√.

$ imco-cn-I-am-tbm am\-kn-I-amtbm Bbn Bcpw Fs∂ ]oUn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.

$ \n¿`-b-ambn A[ym-]-I-tcmSv CS-s]-Sm≥ F\n°v Ign-bp-∂p-≠v.

$ Ip´n-bm-sW-¶nepw F\n°v kzIm-cy-X-bp-≠v F∂v F√m-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-

∂p-≠v.

$ hnZym-e-b-Ønepw ho´nepw Rm≥ G‰hpw kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn°pw F∂v F\n°v

Dd-∏p≠v.

$ am\-knIhpw imco-cnIhpambn Rm\-\p-̀ -hn-°p∂ {]bmk-ß-fn¬ ssIØmßv

\¬In Fs∂ im‡o-I-cn-°m-\p≈ kuI-cyw hnZ-ym-ebw {]Zm\w sNøp-

∂p≠v.

Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ CsXm-s°-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv Dd∏phcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v

X\n°v Fs¥ms° sNøm≥ km[n®n´p-≠v? C\nbpw Xm≥ Fs¥ms° sNtø-

≠-Xp≠v F∂v Hmtcm A[ym-]-I\pw A[ym-]n-Ibpw Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

kl-c-£m-I¿XrXzw (sa‚-dnMv)

tZio-b-hn-Z-ym-`-ym-km-h-Im-i-\n-baw A[ym-]-Is\/A[-ym-]n-Isb kl-c-£n-Xmhv

(mentor) Bbn IW-°m-°p-∂p. ka-{K- kvIqƒ hnI-k-\-]-cn-t{]-£-y-Øn¬ kl-

c-£-I¿Xz-Øn\v -h-enb {]kIvXnbpw {]m[m-\-yhp-ap-≠v.

hnZ-ym-̀ -ymk{]{In-b-bnse apJ-y-L-S-I-amb A[ym-]-I-̨ -hn-Zym¿∞n _‘-Øn¬ ImX-

emb am‰w D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. hn⁄m-\w- hn-X-cWw sNøp∂ Bfm-b√; Ip´n-Iƒ°v

hn⁄m\w t\Sm-\p≈ hnhn-[-ß-fmb Ah-k-c-߃ GtIm-]n-∏n°p-∂ hy‡n-

bm-bmWv A[ym-]nI {]h¿Øn-t°-≠Xv.

bYm¿Y-Øn¬ as‰mcp hoSp-X-s∂-bmWv hnZ-ym-ebw. A[ym-]-IcmIs´, ho´p-Imcpw.

]Tn-Xm°ƒ°v ho´n¬\n∂v e`n-t°≠ kvt\lw, ]cn-K-W\, kpc-£n-X-X-z-t_m-

[w, AwKo-Imcw F∂nh Gdnbpw Ipd™pamWv e`n-°p-∂Xv F∂ Xncn-®-dn-hv-

Hmtcm A[-ym-]-I\pw A[-ym-]-nIbv°pw D≠m-h-Ww. CXv Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Hmtcm

Ip´n°pw th≠ coXn-bn¬ Ch sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNøm≥ Ign-bp-tºm-gmWv Ah-

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cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzw ]q¿W-am-Ip-∂-Xv. At∏m-gmWv kvIqƒ hoSm-Ip-∂-Xv.

kvt\lw, ]cn-K-W-\, kpc-£n-X-X-z-t_m-[w, AwKo-Imcw XpS-ßnbh \¬In Hcp

kl-c-£n-Xm-hmbpw ]T-\-t\-´-߃ ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ klm-bn-bmbpw amdp-

tºm-gmWv ]pXnb Ime-L-´-Øns‚ A[-ym-]nI/A[-ym-]-I-\mbn amdp∂-Xv.

kl-c-£m-I¿Xr-Xz-Øn-eqsS hgn-Im-́ ¬, D]-tZ-iw, ]n¥pW, sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-\p≈

Ah-kcw XpS-ßn-bh Ip´n-Iƒ°v e`n°p-∂p. A\p-`-h-ÿ-\mb ap≥Kman F∂

\ne-bnem-°m≥ kl-c-£m-I¿Ømhv CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-tØ-≠-Xv. t_m[-\-Øn\v

Bh-iy-amb klm-b-ßfpw Iu¨kenßp-sa√mw CXns‚ `mK-am-Wv. ]Tn-Xm-

hn¬ Hfn-™pInS°p∂ Ign-hp-Iƒ ]pd-Øp-sIm≠phcm≥ Hcp \√ sa‚¿°v Ign-

bpw.

sa‚-dnßneqsS;

$ A[ym-]-I\pw hnZym¿Yn°pw anI® hnZym-`ymk A\p-`-h-߃ e`n-°p-∂p.

$ A[ym-]-I-s‚bpw hnZym¿Yn-bp-sSbpw Adn-hns‚ taJe hnI-kn-°p-∂p.

$ hnZym¿Yn-bpw kvIqfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ hnZym¿Yn-bpsS ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw hy‡n-Xzhn-Im-khpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂p.

$ Iq´mb Nn¥bpw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°epw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw km[y-am-Ip-∂p.

$ c£n-Xm-°fpw kvIqfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w i‡-am-hp-I-bpw Ip´n-bpsS ]T-

\-\n-esb kw_-‘n®v [mc-W-bp-≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ Ie˛BtcmKy˛Imbn-I˛{]hr-Øn-]-T\ taJ-e-I-fnse Ip´n-I-fpsS ]¶m-fn-

Øhpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Ip´n-bpsS ]T-\-Xm¬∏-c-y-sØbpw hy-‡n-X-z-hn-I-mk-sØbpw Xz-cn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

Xn-\p≈ ]cn-lm-c-t_m-[-\-{]-{In-b-sbbpw \nc-¥c aqe-y-\n¿W-b-{]-{In-bsbbpw

klm-bn-°p∂ {]{In-b-bmbn sa‚dnMv hnI-kn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. sa‚dnMv A\p-`-h-

ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´- Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ k©n-Xtc-J-bn¬ tN¿°Ww.

kvIqfnse apgp-h≥ A[-ym-]-Icpw kl-c-£n-Xm-hmbn {]h¿Øn-°-Ww. F√m ]Tn-

Xm-°ƒ°pw kl-c-£m-I¿Xz-Øns‚ A\p-̀ -h-߃ e`y-am-°-Ww. ¢mknse F√m

Ip´n-I-sfbpw sNdnb {Kq∏p-I-fmbn IW-°m-°p-Ibpw Hmtcm {Kq∏ns‚bpw ]ptcm-

KXn Dd-∏m-°m≥ Hmtcm A[ym-]-I\pw Npa-Xe \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

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A[ym-]-I¿ sXmgn¬]-c-ambn ]men-t°≠ [m¿anI \nb-a-kw-lnX

(Code of Professional Ethics for School Teachers)1. hnZym¿Yn-I-tfm-Sp≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-߃

1.1 F√m hnZym¿Yn-I-tfmSpw kvt\l-hm-’-ey-ß-tfmsS s]cp-am-dp∂p.

$ F√m hnZym¿Yn-I-tfmSpw ka-`m-h-\-tbmsS s]cp-am-dpI.

$ ]T-\-Øn¬ ]n∂m°w \n¬°p∂ hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\

\¬IpI.

$ hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ Bfl-hn-izm-kw, Xm¬∏-cyw, {]Xymi F∂nh P\n-∏n-°p∂

Xc-Øn-em-hWw s]cp-am-‰w.

1.2 PmXn, aXw, h¿Kw, h¿Ww, kmº-ØnI\ne-, ̀ mj, enwKw, P∑-ÿew F∂o

]cn-K-W-\-I-fn-√msX, \oXn, ]£-]m-X-cm-lnXyw F∂o aqey-ßsf _lp-am-

\n-°p∂p.

$ A[ym-]-I¿°v P\m-[n-]XyXØz-ß-fn-epw kln-jvWp-X-bnepw kmaq-

lnI\oXn-bn-ep-ap≈ hnizmkw hnZym¿Yn-I-fn-te°pw ]I-cp∂-p.

$ A[ym-]IcpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb hnizm-k-߃, ̀ c-W-L-S\mXØz-߃°v FXn-

cm-bn-cp∂m¬ AXv kvIqƒ kwhn-[m-\sØ Kpcp-X-c-ambn _m[n°pw.

1.3 hnZym¿Yn-bpsS imco-cn-I-hpw _u≤n-I-hpw sshImcn-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]chpw

kmaq-ln-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb hnIm-k-Øn\v A¥-co-£-sam-cp-°p∂-p.

$ imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb tijn-Iƒ AXns‚ ]q¿WXbn-te°p hnI-

kn-°p∂ Ime-amWv kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Im-ew.

$ _u≤nI afi-e-Øn-\p-am{Xw hnImkw \¬I-em-h-cpXv hnZym-`ymkw.

$ k¿h-tXm-ap-J-amb hy‡n-Xz-hn-Im-k-am-bn-cn-°Ww hnZym-`ymke£yw.

1.4 kvIqƒ Pohn-XØ-ns‚ F√m Xe-Ønepw hnZym¿Yn-bpsS hy‡nXzw am\n-°-

s∏Sp∂p.

$ a\p-jy≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Hcp hnZym¿Yn-°p≈ P\m-[n-]Xy Ah-Im-i-ßfpw

A¥ pw ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ A[ym-]IcpsS ̀ mKØp\n∂p≈ {]Xn-Iq-e-amb A`n-{]mb{]I-S-\w hnZym¿Yn-

bpsS Bflm-̀ n-am-\sØ apdn-s∏Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]T-\sØ _m[n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

$ kvIqfns‚ F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ßfnepw F√m Ip´n-I-fp-sSbpw kPo-h-amb ]¶m-

fnØw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww.

$ sFIy-cm-jv{S-k` AwKo-I-cn-®Xpw C¥y-IqSn H∏ph®-Xp-amb Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-

Imi{]Jym]-\hpw Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Imikwc-£W IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´pw

A[ym-]-I¿ a\- n-em°n {]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

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$ kvIqfp-I-fn¬ A®-S°w ]men-°p∂--Xn-\p-th≠n cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \nb-am-hen

Ip´n-I-fpsS a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb Ah-Im-i-߃ \ntj-[n-°p--∂Xm-h-cp-Xv.

1.5 Ip´n-IfpsS B¥cn-I-ti-jn-Ifpw {]Xn-`bpw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m-\p≈ Bkq-

{Xn-Xhpw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v cq]w \¬I-Ww.

$ tIh-e-amb A°m-Z-anIt\´-߃°v D]-cn-bmbn Hmtcm Ip´n-bp-sSbpw

tijnbpw {]Xn-`bpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-I F∂Xv A[ym-]IcpsS {][m-\- ISa-

bmWvv.

$ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS F√m-hn[ Ign-hp-Ifpw hnI-kn-°m-\m-h-iy-amb {]h¿Ø-\-

߃ D≠mIWw.

1.6 `c-W-L-S\ hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ aqey-ßfpw at\m-`m-h-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂

hn[-Øn-em-hWw ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-abw.

$ P\m-[n-]-Xyw, aX-\n-c-t]-£-X, ka-Xzw, \oXn, kzmX-{¥yw F∂o `c-W-L-

S\m aqey-߃ ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ {][m\s∏´ B¥-cn-I-[mc-bm-

h-Ww.

$ `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ ]uc-∑m-cpsS IS-a-Isf°pdn®v ]d-bp∂ B¿´n-°nƒ 51 F

a\- nem°p-Ibpw AXnse F apX¬ sI hsc-bp≈ Jfi-߃ Dƒs°m≠v

{]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww.

1.7 hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS Bh-iy-߃ A\pk-cn®v A[ym-]n-I-bpsS/ A[ym-]-Is‚

A[ym-]-\-coXn ]cnjvIcn°p∂p.

$ \nc-¥chne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ip´n-bpsS {]Ir-Xw, B¿PnXamb

Adn-hv, A`n-cp-Nn, ]T-\-coXn XpS-ßn-bh ]cn-K-Wn®v t_m-[-\-X-{¥-ß-fn¬

Bh-iy-amb ]cn-jvI-cWw \n-c-¥cw \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v.

1.8 Ip´n-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ Ah-cpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb hnh-c-ß-fpsS cl-ky-kz-`mhw

kq£n-°p-Ibpw B hnh-c-߃ \nb-a-]-c-ambn ssIam-dm-hp∂h-¿°p-am{Xw

ssIam-dp-Ibpw sNøp∂-p.

$ Hcp Iu¨k-e¿ IqSn-bmb A[ym-]n-I/A[ym-]-I\v Ip´n-bpsS hy‡n-]-c-

amb hnh-c-ß-sf√mw Adnbmw.

$ Cu hnh-c-߃ Ip´n-bpsS \∑-bv°p-th≠n hnth-I-]q¿hw am{Xta D]-tbm-

K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mSp≈q.

1.9 Ip´n-Isf ̀ b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I, D¬°WvTmIpe-cm-°p-I, imco-cn-I-ambn in£n-°pI,

am\-kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-ambn ]oUn-∏n-°pI F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂v Hgn™p

\n¬°p∂-p.

$ Ip´nsb ssewKnI]oU-\-ß-fpƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]oU-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Ah-K-

W-\-bn¬\n∂pw Nqj-W-Øn¬-\n∂pw kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw

A[ym-]I¿°p≠v.

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$ in£ sa®-s∏´ ]T-\-Øn-te°p \bn°pw F∂ sX‰n≤mcW Xncp-Ø-s∏-

tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ CØcw Imcy-ß-fn¬ Ip´n°p e`n-°p∂ \nb-a-]-cn-c-£sb°pdn®pw A[ym-

]-I¿ Adn-™n-cn-°-Ww.

1.10 GXp hnt[-\-bpap≈ ssewKnI-Nqj-W-Øn¬\n∂pw Ip´nsb kwc-£n-°p∂p.

$ ssewKnINqj-Ww imco-cn-I--amb BLm-X-߃ am{X-a√, hf-sc-°mew Xßn-

\n¬°p∂ am\-kn-Im-Lm-XhpwIqSn Ip´n°p≠m-°p∂p.

$ _lp-am-\-s∏´ C¥y≥ kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xnbpw F≥.-kn.]n. Bdpw tPmen ÿe-

ß-fnepw kvIqfp-I-fnepw \S-°p∂ ssewKnINqj-W-Øn-s\-Xnsc \¬In-bn-

´p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-߃ A[ym]-I¿ ]men-t°-≠-XmWv.

2. c£n-Xm-°-tfmSpw kaq-l-tØm-Sp-ap≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-߃

2.1 amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfmSpw c£-I¿Øm-°-tfmSpw hn\-b-]q¿h-ap≈ _‘w ÿm]n-

°p∂p.

$ Ip´nsb IqSp-X¬ Adn-bp--∂Xn\v Ah-cpsS c£I¿Øm-°-fp-ambpw kplr-

Øp-°-fp-ambpw A[ym-]-I¿ \√ _‘w ]pe¿tØ-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

$ A[ym-]Icpw c£-I¿Øm-°-fp-am-bp≈ kvt\l-]q¿W-amb _‘w Ip´nsb

A[ym-]Icp-ambn IqSp-X¬ ASp-∏n°pw.

$ `qcn-]£w c£n-Xm-°fpw Xß-fpsS Ip´n-I-fpsS kvIqfn-\-I-Øpw -]p-d-Øp-

ap≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-I-cn¬\n∂v Adn-bm≥ Xm¬∏cy-ap-

≈-h-cmWv.

$ hf¿®-bpsS L´-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°p kw`-hn-°p∂ ]ng-hp-IƒIqSn t\´-ß-

tfm-sSm∏w c£n-Xm-°-fp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv°p--∂Xv henb Zpc-¥-߃ Hgn-hm-

°p∂--Xn\v klm-b-IamIpw.

2.2 Ip´n-I-fpsS A¥- ns\ l\n-°p∂ GXp {]hr-Øn-bn¬\n∂pw hn´p-\n¬°pI.

$ a‰p≈ hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS ap∂n¬h®v Bflm-̀ n-am-\sØ CSn-®p-XmgvØn kwkm-

cn-°p∂Xv Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

$ AXp-t]mseØs∂ c£n-Xm-°-fpsS A`n-am-\-sØbpw tNmZyw sNøcpXv.

$ GsX-¶nepw Hcp hn`mKw Ip´n-I-fpsS am{Xw ]›m-Ø-esØ (Pm-Xn, aXw,

kmº-Øn-Iw, ....) ]pIgvØn∏d-bp-∂Xv a‰p≈ Ip´n-I-fn¬ hntZzjw P\n-∏n°pw.

2.3 Ip´n-Iƒ°n-Sbn¬ C¥y-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnIss]Xr-I-sØ-°p-dn®v A`n-am-\-

t_m[w hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p∂p.

$ At\Iw kwkvIm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw `mj-I-fp-sSbpw aX-ß-fp-sSbpw hnizm-k-ß-

fp-sSbpw \mSmWv C¥y. CXv Hmtcm ¢mkv apdn-bnepw {]Xn-^-en°pw.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

31

$ F∂m¬ C¥y-bn¬ Cu \m\m-Xz-Ønepw GIXzw cq]w-sIm-≠n-´p-≠v.

$ ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ kln-jvWp-Xbpw F√m kwkvIm-c-ß-sfbpw _lp-am-\n°m-

\p≈ a\ pw thWw.

$ Cu XØzw ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn-eq-sS- hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ t_m[-]q¿h-amb

{iaw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

2.4 hnhn[ P\-hn-̀ m-K-߃ XΩn-ep≈ hntZz-jhpw i{Xp-Xbpw hf¿Øp∂ XcØn-

ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Hgn-hm-°Ww.

$ F√m aX-ß-tfmSpw hnizm-k-ß-tfmSpw `mj-I-tfmSpw Xpey-_-lp-am\w

hf¿Øp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv ¢mkn¬ \S-t°-≠-Xv.

$ tZio-tbm-Zv{K-Y-\-Øns‚ ASn-Ød BZyw C¥y-°m-c≥, ]ns∂ am{Xw Hcp

hn`m-K-Ønse AwKw F∂ [mcWbmWv.

$ GsX-¶nepw Hcp hn`m-K-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-W-Øn-\mbn kvIqƒ / ¢mkv D]-tbm-

K-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv.

$ ImenI-amb kmaqlnI -˛ cmjv{Sob Imcy-߃ N¿®-sN-øp-tºmgpw A[ym-]-

I≥/A[ym-]nI GsX-¶nepw Hcp ]£Øp \n∂v kwkm-cn-°-cp-Xv.

3. A[ym-]\w F∂ sXmgn-ent\mSpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-tcm-Sp-ap≈ DØ-c-hmZn-

Xz-߃.

3.1 sXmgn¬sshZKv[yw hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂X-n\v \nc-¥-cw ]cn-{i-an-°p∂-p.

$ Hcp hnZym¿Ynsb \nc-¥c]Tn-Xmhm-°m≥ {ian-°p∂ A[ym-]-I\pw Aßs\

BtI-≠-Xp-≠v,

$ \nc-¥cw hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hn⁄m\taJ-e-I-sf-°p-dn®pw A[ym-

]\coXn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ Adnhv tiJ-cn-°m\pw {]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øm\pw

Ign-b-Ww.

$ GsX√mw Xe-ß-fn-¬\n∂v X\n°v ]pXnb Adn-hp-Iƒ e`n°pw F∂v At\z-

jn-°pIsb∂Xv A[ym-]-Is‚ IS-a-bm-Wv.

3.2 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ XΩnepw a‰p-≈-h¿ XΩn-ep-ap-≈ t_m[-]q¿h-amb Bi-b-

hn-\n-a-b-Øn-eqsS ]pXn-sbm-cp kwcw`w krjvSn-°p∂-p.

$ A°m-Z-an-I-amb DW-¿hv P\n-∏n-°p∂--Xpw F√m A[ym-]-I¿°pw Xß-fp-tS-

Xmb kw`m-h\ \¬Im≥ Ignbp-∂Xp-amb Hcp ss\Xn-IX kvIqfn¬ krjvSn-

t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ Cß-s\-sbm-cp-W¿hv D≠m-°p∂--Xn\v Bkq-{Xn-Xhpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb kl-

I-cWw F√m A[ym-]-I-cn¬\n∂pw D≠m-h-Ww.

$ kvIqfnse {]iv\߃ ]cn-l-cn-°p--∂Xn¬ F√m A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw {Inbm-

fl-I-amb \n¿tZi-ßfpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw D≠m-I-Ww.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

32

$ A[ym-]Isc am{Xa√, kvIqƒ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Xm¬∏-cy-ap≈ F√m hn`m-K-

sØbpw CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m≥ A[ym-]-I\v Ign-b-

Ww.

3.3 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-tcmSv A¥-t m-sSbpw _lp-am-\-tØm-sSbpw s]cp-am-dp-∂p.

$ kvIqfnse F√m A[ym-]-I-tcmSpw Ah-cpsS hnZym-̀ ymktbmKy-Xtbm Ah¿

GXp hn`m-K-Ønse Ip´n-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-sht∂m ]cnKWn-°msX A¥-

t m-sSbpw _lp-am-\-tØm-sSbpw s]cp-am-d-Ww.

3.4 A[ym-]-I¿ kzIm-cySyqj≥ FSp-°p-Itbm a‰p kzIm-cy hnZym-̀ ymk{]h¿Ø-

\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Itbm sNøp∂-n-√.

$ A[ym-]-I≥ kzImcySyqj≥ FSp-°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS kvIqƒ {]h¿-Ø-\-ßsf

{]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p∂p.

$ kz¥w {]h¿Ø-\-ta-Je anI-®-Xm-°m-\p≈ kabw Ah¿°v \jvS-am-Ip∂-

p.

$ kz¥w hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v kzIm-cySyqj≥ \¬Ip-tºmƒ AXv kvIqfnse

ss\XnIXØz-߃°pXs∂ hnLm-XamI-Ø° s]cp-am-‰-߃°p Imc-W-

am-bn-Øo-cpw.

3.5 Xs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw Xocp-am-\-ß-sfbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-sa∂v Adn-bm-hp-

-∂Xn-\m¬ GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn-ep≈ kΩm-\-ßtfm a‰p klm-b-ßtfm

kzoI-cn-°p∂n√.

$ GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ B\p-Iq-ey-߃ {]Xo-£n-®p-sIm≠v \¬I-s∏-Sp∂

hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ kΩm-\-߃ A[ym-]-I¿ hnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬\nt∂m c£-I¿Øm-

°-fn¬\nt∂m kzoI-cn-°-cp-Xv.

3.6 kl{]h¿Ø-I¿s°-Xn-scbpw D∂-Xm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒs°-Xn-scbpw A\m-h-iy-

amb Btcm-]-W-߃ D-∂bn-°p-∂n-√.

$ ]c-kv]cw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hn`m-KobkwL-߃ A[ym-]-I¿°n-S-bn¬ A`n-

Im-ay-a-√.

$ kl-{]-h¿Ø-I¿s°-Xn-cmbn sXfn-hp-I-fn-√mØ Btcm-]-W-߃ D∂-bn-°-

cpXv.

$ GsX-¶nepw Hcp kl-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚/kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-bpsS ̀ mK-Øp-\n∂v Kpcp-

X-c-amb sX‰v ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv ko\n-b¿ A[ym-]-I-cpsS {i≤-

bn¬s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

3.7 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-sStbm hnZym¿Yn-I-fp-sStbm c£n-Xm-°-fp-sStbm

ap∂n¬h®v Hcp kl-{]-h¿Ø-Is\ A[n-t£-]n®v kwkm-cn-°p∂-n-√.

$ A[ym-]-Isc-°p-dn®v hyXy-kvX-ßfmb A`n-{]m-b-߃ D≠mImw. F∂m¬

So®¿ sSIvÃv

33

AXv {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ coXn am\y-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

$ kl-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚ A[ym-]\coXnsb A]-l-kn-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ kwkm-

cn-°-cpXv.

3.8 kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS A[ym-]-\-\n-e-]m-Sp-Isf am\n-°p-∂p.

$ A[ym-]-\-Øn¬ anIhp ]pe¿Øp--∂h-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf «mLn-°p-Ibpw

AØcw anIhv B¿Pn-°m≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. F∂m¬ AXv XnI®pw

A‘-amb A\p-I-c-W-am-I-cp-Xv.

3.9 kl-{]-h¿ØI-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ kzImcyhnh-c-߃ cl-ky-ambn kq£n-

°pIbpw \nb-a-]-c-ambn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ am{Xw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw

sNøp∂p.

$ GsX-¶nepw Bh-iy-Øn-\mbn tiJ-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂, kl-{]-h¿Ø-Isc-°p-dn-

®p≈ hy‡n]c-amb hnh-c-߃ clkykz`m-h-ap-≈-Xm-sW-¶n¬ Ah \nb-

a-]-c-amb Imcy-߃°p am{Xta shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mSp≈q.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

34

A[ym-]nI/ A[ym-]-Is‚ H∏v

So®¿ πm\¿

ssZ\w-Zn\ ]mTm-kq{XW tcJ-bmWv So®¿ πm\¿. ]T-\-t\-´-ßsf e£y-am°n

]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønepw So®¿ sSIvÃnepw \¬In-bn-´p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Xs‚

¢mknse Ip´n-Iƒ°v tbmPn® coXn-bn¬ hg-°-tØmsS, am‰-߃ hcp-Ønbpw

Iq´n-t®¿Øpw {]{Inbm t]Pv hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I-bmWp th≠-Xv.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-tfm-sSm∏w hne-bn-cp-Øepw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ Bkq-

{X-W-amWv {]{In-bm-t]-Pn¬ Fgp-tX-≠-Xv. \nc-¥-c-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsS e`n-°p∂

hnh-c-ß-ƒ hne-bn-cp-ج t]Pnep≠mbn-cn-°-Ww.

IrXyhpw A¿Y-]q¿W-hp-amb Bi-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb ]T-\

-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-hWw So®¿ πm\¿. Cßs\ Hmtcm BgvN-bnepw

\S-∏n-em-°nb ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsS cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏´ hnh-

c-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n So®¿ {]Xn-^-e-\-°p-dn∏v (Reflection Note) Xbm-dm-

°p-Ibpw SRG/Subject Council en¬ N¿®sN-øp-Ibpw thWw. Cu Ipdn-∏ns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-hWw XpS¿∂p≈ Bkq-{X-W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xv.

So®¿ πm\dns‚ t^m¿am‰v CtXm-sSm∏w tN¿°p-∂p.

So®¿ πm\¿

bqWn‰ns‚ t]cv :

XobXn :

{]Xo-£n-°p∂ kabw :

]T-\-t\-´-߃ :

Bi-b-߃ :

tijn-Iƒ :

`mjmhkvXp-X-Iƒ (`mj-bv°p -am-{Xw) :

hy-h-lmccq]-߃ (`mj-bv°p- am-{Xw) :

aqe-y-߃, at\m-`m-h-߃ :

]T\kma-{Kn-Iƒ :

{]Xo-£nX D¬∏-∂-߃ :

{]{Inbm t]Pv hne-bn-cp-ج t]Pv

{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw (hne-bn-cp-ج hnh-c-ß-fmWv

AS-ßnb {]{Inb ChnsS Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv.)

So®¿ sSIvÃv

35

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{]Xn-̂ -e-\m-flINn¥ (Reflections)Fs‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ, Xncn-®-dn-hp-Iƒ

(]T\{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-ج {]{In-b-bn-eqsS e`n® hnh-c-ß-fpsS

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬)

$

$

$

XpS¿{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ]cn-lmc{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ˛ kqN\

$

$

$

t{KUnwKv coXn

lb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-Øn¬ ssh⁄m-\nI hnj-b-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-\mbn

t{KUnwKv coXn-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. CXn-\mbn 9 t]mbn‚ v A_vskm-eyq´v

t{KUnwKv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]´nI CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

kvtIm¿ iX-am\w t{KUv

90 - 100 A+80 - 89 A70 - 79 B+60 - 69 B50 - 59 C+40 - 49 C30 - 39 D+20 - 29 D

Below 20 E]Tn-Xmhv D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn\p tbmKyX t\S-W-sa-¶n¬ lb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-Ønse

Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw CE + TE (s]mXp-]-co-£) ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ an\naw D+t{KUv (30˛39 iX-am-\w) F¶nepw t\Sn-bn-cn-°-Ww. CtXm-sSm∏w s]mXp-]-co£

(TE) bv°v {]tXy-I-ambn an\naw D+ t\Sp-Ibpw thWw.

C{]-Imcw ssh⁄m-\nI Xe-Øn-sebpw kmaq-ln-I˛-ssh-Im-cnI Xe-Øn-sebpw

]Tn-Xm-hns‚ anI-hp-Iƒ hne-bn-cpØn ]T-\-t\-´-߃ Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-

Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu hne-bn-cp-ج \nc-¥-c-ambpw ka-

{K-X-tbm-sSbpw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Iq´mb {ia-߃ AXy-¥m-t]-

£n-X-am-Wv. Ah km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ¢Ã¿Xe IqSn-t®-cep-I-fn-eqsS hne-bn-

cp-ج IqSp-X¬ kºp-jvS-am-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-\p≈ t^m¿am-‰p-Iƒ A\p-_-‘-ambn \¬Ip-∂p.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

36

hne-bn-cp-ج H‰-t\m-´-Øn¬...

hne-bn-cp-ج

kao-]\w : ]T-\-t\-́ -߃°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂ kao-]\w

\nc-¥-chpw ka-{K-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-ج (CCE)

ssh⁄m-\n-I-ta-Je kmaq-lnI˛sshIm-cnI taJe

1 Bibhn\n-abtijn(Communication skills)

2 hy‡y-¥c ss\]pWn(Interpersonal skills)

3 kl-`mhw (Empathy)4 hnIm-c-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-

s∏-S¬(Coping with emotions)

5 am\-knIkΩ¿Z-ß-fp-ambns]mcp-Ø-s∏-S¬(Coping with Stress)

6 {]iv\-]-cn-l-cW tijn(Problem solving skills)

7 Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°¬(Decision making)

8 hna¿i-\m-flINn¥ (Criticalthinking)

9 k¿Km-flItijn(Creative thinking skills)

10 kzbm-h-t_m[w(Self-awareness)

\nc-¥c hne-bn-cp-ج tSw hne-bn-cp-ج

$ ]T\{]{In-bhne-bn-cp-ج

$ t]m¿´vt^m-fntbmhne-bn-cp-ج

$ bqWn-‰vXehne-bn-cp-ج

$ Bi-b-߃,{]{In-b-Iƒ,]T-\-t\-´-߃apX-em-b-hbv°vDu∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

Xnbdn {]mIvSn-°¬

So®¿ sSIvÃv

37

CE, TE F∂nh Hmtcm tSanepw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ hnj-b-_-‘nX t{ImUo-I-

cW t^m¿am‰vtSw : 1/2/3

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\º¿ hnZym¿Yn-bpsS t]cv CE C\-߃

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Annexure 1

So®¿ sSIvÃv

38

So®¿ sSIvÃv

39

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-tbm-]m[n F∂-Xn-\-∏pdw `mj Hcp P\-X-bpsS kzXz-t_m-[-Øn-

s‚bpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xn-^-e\w IqSnbm-Wv. kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øns‚

CS-s]S¬ Xe-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw temI-Øns‚ KXn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ Adn-bm\pw

a\p--jys\ {]m]vX-\m-°p-∂-Xv ̀ mj-bm-Wv. kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ hnIm-k-£-a-Xbv°pw

\ho-I-c-W-Øn\pw `mj i‡-amb D]m-[n-bm-Wv. am{X-a√m `mj, sXmgn-e-h-k-c-

ßfpw krjvSn-°p-∂p-≠v. Chsb√mw ̂ e-{]-Z-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈

`mjm-]-c-amb ss\]p-Wnbpw Xncn-®dnhpw lb¿sk-°-≠dn Xe-Øn¬ B¿Pn-

t°≠XmWv.

P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ AXn-Po-h-\-Øn\v A\p-Kp-W-amw-hn[w `mjsb iIvXn-s∏-Sp-

tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. hy‡n-Ifpw hy‡n-Ifpw XΩnepw hy‡n-Ifpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-

epap≈ kwL¿j-Øns‚ {][m-\-Im-cWw icn-bmb Bib hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ A`m-

h-am-Wv. hy‡n-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw kzX-{¥-amb Bhn-jvIm-c-Øn\pw k¿-

Km-flI {]I-S-\-߃°pw `mj Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-Ww. kz¥-amb Hcp Pohn-X-ho-

£Ww cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ CXm-h-iy-am-Wv. `mj kzbw Hcp ⁄m\-ta-J-ebpw CXc

⁄m\-ta-J-e-I-fp-sSbpw kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw hn\n-ab am[y-a-hp-am-Wv. Pohn-X-

Øns‚ {]mY-an-Im-h-iy-\n¿h-lWw sXm´v kuμ-cym-kzm-Z-\-Øn-s‚bpw Bhn-jv-

Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw Xe-߃ hsc `mj-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\-I-fm-Wv.

B[p-\nI ̀ mjm-im-kv{Xhpw a\x imkv{Xhpw _lp-̀ m-jm--]-T-\-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw

hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. bp‡n-Nn-¥, _u≤nIhnIm-kw, kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_-≤-X, Pohn-

X-aq-ey-߃ F∂nh hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ `mjm-]-T-\-Øns‚ ]¶v \n¿Wm-b-I-am-Wv.

{Xn`m-jm-\-bw G‰hpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn \S-∏m°nb C¥y≥ kwÿm\w tIc-f-am-

Wv. amXr-`m-j, Cw•o-jv, lnμn F∂n-hbv°p ]pdsa Ad-_n, kwkvIr-Xw, DdpZp

XpS-ßnb `mj-Iƒ ss{]a-dn-Xew apX¬ ]Tn-°m≥ tIc-f-Øn¬ Ah-k-c-ap-≠v.

F∂m¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ _lp-kz-c-amb kmaq-lnI ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ s]mXp-hmb

Hcp `mjm-]-T\ kao-]\w cq]o-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]e k¶o¿W-X-Ifpw \mw t\cn-tS-

≠n-h-cp-∂p-≠v. amXr-`mj ae-bm-f-sa∂p ]d-bp-tºmgpw tIc-fo-b-cn¬ Hcp \yq\-]-

£-sa-¶nepw CX-c-̀ mj-Iƒ amXr-̀ m-j-bm-bp-≈-h-cm-Wv. F√m Ip´n-Iƒ°pw c≠mw

`mj F∂ \ne-bn¬ Cw•ojv ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-ap≠v. H∂mw ¢mkp-sXm´v amXr-

`m-j-tbm-sSm∏w Ad-_n ̀ mj ]Tn-°p∂ Ip´n-I-fp≠v. A©mw ¢mkp apX¬ lnμn

\n¿_-‘nX ̀ mj-bm-Wv. X¬∏-c-cmb hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Cu L´w sXm´v kwkvIr-

Xw, Ad-_n, D¿Zp F∂o `mj-I-fn-te-sX-¶n-ep-sam∂v ]Tn-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-c-hp-

sam-cp-°n-bn-́ p-≠v. Ad-_n, kwkvIrXw F∂o ̀ mj-Iƒ amXr-̀ m-j-bv°p-]-Icw ]Tn-

amXr`mjm-]-T\ kao-]\w

So®¿ sSIvÃv

40

∏n-°p∂ Hmdn-b-‚¬ kvIqfp-I-fn¬ ae-bm-f-]-T\w \n¿_-‘n-X-am-°m-\p≈

\S-]-Sn-Iƒ ASp-Ø-Im-eØv kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

amXr-`m-jm-hn-Zym¿Yn-Ifpw CX-c-`m-jm-hn-Zym¿Yn-Ifpw Htc \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ \n∂√

`mjm-]-T\w Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv. amXr-`m-jm-hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ `mj-bp-am-bmWv ¢mkp-ap-

dn-bn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. kmaq-ln-I-Np-‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬\n∂v ̀ mjm-kam¿P\w \S-Øn-b-h-cm-

W-h¿. ¢mkp-ap-dn-bn-se-Øp∂ Ah-cpsS ASpØ e£yw hmb-\bpw FgpØpw

]Tn-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. CX-c-̀ m-jm-hn-Zym¿Yn-Iƒ°m-hs´ B ̀ mj A]-cn-Nn-XamWv.

`mjm-]-T\w: Nne sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ

hnZym¿Yn-I-fnse ss\k¿Kn-I-amb Ign-hp-I-fpsS hnIm-k-Øn\pw kzX-{¥-hmb--

\bv°pw t{]cn-∏n-°p∂hn[w `mjm-]T\w Icp-Øp-‰-Xm-°m≥ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn°v Ign-

™n-´p≠v. F∂m¬ ̀ mjm-]T\w ]e sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂p-. ̀ mjm-

k-a-{KXm Z¿i\-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb `mjm-]m-Ty-]-≤Xn ssk≤m-¥nI Xe-Øn¬

\ho-\amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ apt∂m´phs®-¶nepw {]mtbm-KnI Xe-Øn¬ th≠{X

^ew sNbvXn-´n-√. hn\n-abw sNøp-∂n-S-ØmWv {][m-\-ambpw hogvN-bp-≠m-bXv.

$ `mj-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-tijn hnI-k-\-Øn¬ tNm¿® h∂n-´p-≠.v

$ A¿Y ]q¿W-amb ̀ mjm-\n¿an-Xn-bn-te°p \bn-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ ]T\w apt∂-

dp-∂n-√.

$ F√m ]Tn-Xm-°-sfbpw hmb-\-bp-sSbpw Fgp-Øn-s‚bpw taJ-e-I-fn¬ \n›nX

\ne-hm-c-Øn¬ FØn-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√.

$ `mjm-{]-tbm-K-ß-fnse sshI-ey-߃ hym]-I-amb Bt£-]-Øn\p hgn

sXfn®p

$ \S-]-Sn-{I-a-ß-fpsS hnc-k-amb Bh¿Ø\w `mjm-]-T\w bm{¥n-Ihpw aSp-∏p-

≈-Xpam°n am‰p∂p

$ hyh-lm-c-߃°p \¬Ip∂ AanX-{]m-[m\yw `mjm-]-T-\-{]-{In-b-bn¬

Ahiyw Dd∏p hcp-tØ≠ ]e ASn-ÿm\ tijn-Iƒ°pw Adn-hn\pw

{]m[m\yw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn.

$ A£cw Dd-bv°m-ØXpw ̀ mjm-kuμ-cyhpw hymI-c-W-ip-≤nbpw timjn-®Xpw

hna¿i-\-hn-t[-b-am-bn-´p-≠v. Htc hyh-lm-c-cq-]-߃ F√m ¢mkp-I-fnepw Hcp

t]mse Bh¿Øn°-s∏-́ Xpw hna¿i\ hnt[-b-am-bn-́ p-≠v. ]Ømw-¢mkv ]T\w

]q¿Øn-bm-bn´pw [mcmfw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v amXr-`m-j-t]mepw sX‰msX Fgp-

Xm\pw hmbn-°m\pw Adn-bmØXv s]mXp-k-aqlØns‚ DXvIWvT h¿[n-∏n-

®n-́ p-≠v.

Cu {]iv\ßsf adn--I-S-°m≥ `mjm-]T-\-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ Icp-X-ep-Iƒ Bh-iy-ap-

So®¿ sSIvÃv

41

7. hyXykvX Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw AXn-eqsS hyXykvX

kmwkvIm-c߃ Dƒs°m-≈m\pw hnim-e-amb am\-hn-I-Xm-t_m[w hnI-kn-

∏n-°m\pw `mjm-]-T-\-Øn-eqsS Ign-b-Ww.

8. ]mcn-ÿn-XnI-t_m-[w, P\m-[n-]Xy-t_m-[w, enwK-\o-Xn, {]m¥-h-¬°-cn-°-

s∏-Sp∂ kaq-l-hn-`m-K-ß-tfm-Sp≈ A\p-`mhw XpS-ßnb aqey-߃ ]cn-t]m-

jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-hWw.

9. bp‡n-Nn-¥, hna¿i-\-Nn¥ XpS-ßnbh hf¿Øm-\p-X-Ip-∂-Xm-hWw.

10. `mjm-]-T-\-ssh-I-ey-߃ D≈ Ip´n-Iƒ°v XpS¿∂p≈ hf¿®bpw hnIm-

khpw ]q¿Wam-Ip-sa∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ ]mI-Øn-ep≈ am\-Io-Ir-X-amb

BwKy-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

11. hyXy-kvX-tijnIƒ (Differently abled) D≈ ]Tn-Xm-°fpsS `mjm-hn-I-

k\Øn\p klm-b-I-am-Ip∂ Xc-Øn¬ {]tXyIw cq]-I-¬∏\ sNbvX

kma-{Kn-Iƒ \¬Ip∂Xm-I-Ww.

12. Krl-`m-jm-km-[y-X-Iƒ ]cn-KWn-°Ww

e£y-߃

1. hyXykvX kmlnXy imJ-I-fnse aqe-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬\n∂p≈ `mK-ßfpw

auenI cN-\-Ifpw _u≤nI Xe-Øn¬ hna¿i-\m-flI hnNn-¥-\-Øn\p hnt[-

b-am°n Bkzm-Z-\-ti-jnbpw \ncq-]W _p≤nbpw t]mjn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

2. temtIm-Øc \ne-hm -c -Øn -ep≈ kmln-Xy -c -N -\ -I-fnse kuμ-cy -

imkv{Xmht_m[w a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\v.

3. `mjm-im-kv{X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ [mc-W-Iƒ Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw \qX-\-{]-h-

W-X-I-fn¬ kmam-\y-[mcW cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw.

4. temI-¢m-kn-°p-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw \ncq-]W _p≤ym ]T-\-˛-Kth-j-W-

߃ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\pap≈ tijn t\Sp-∂-Xn-\pw

5. kmln-Xy-c-N-\-bpsS hyXykvX L´-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-amb cN-\m-X{¥-߃

kzmb-Ø-am-°p∂-Xn\pw DNn-X-k-μ¿`-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ Ignhv t\Sp-

∂-Xn-\pw.

6. kmlnXy Z¿i-\-ß-fnepw XØz-ß-fnepw kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-Nbw t\Sp-∂-

Xn\v.

7. B[n-Im-cnI {KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw C‚¿s\-‰n¬\n∂pw hnh-c-˛-hn-`-h-k-am-l-

c-W-Øn\pw kz¥w Bhn-jvIm-c-߃ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\pap≈ ̀ mjm-tijn B¿Pn-

°p-∂-Xn-\v.

8. Zriy-̨ -{imhy ap{ZWam-[y-a-߃, Ne-®n-{Xw, Sqdn-kw-̨ -B-Xn-tYb tkh\ taJ-

e-Iƒ, {KŸ-c-N-\, hnh¿Ø-\w, ]c-ky-Ie, Iem-{]h¿Ø-\-߃, a‰p hmWn-

Py-hn-\n-ab taJ-e-I-ƒ F∂n-h-bv°v Bh-iy-amb `mjm-{]m-hnWyw B¿Pn-

°p-∂-Xn-\v.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

42

≠v. Bi-bm-[n-jvTnXcoXn \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂ `mjm-ti-jn-Ifpw Adn-hp-

Ifpw Dd-∏p-h-cpØp∂ Xc-Øn¬ ]T\w {Iao-I-cn-°-Ww. Hmtcm L´-Ønepw CXv

Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw thWw. {]mY-anI L -́Ønse hmb-\-bn-sebpw Fgp-Øn-sebpw

{]iv\-߃ temI-hym-]-I-ambn A°m-Z-anI kaqlw N¿® sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

∂p-≠v. `mjm-k-a-{K-Xm-Z¿i\w ]n¥p-S-cp∂ C-Xc cmPy-ß-fnepw ]Zw, A£cw,

hmIy-L-S-\ F∂nh Dd∏p hcp-Øp∂ X{¥-߃ ^e-{]-Z-ambn \S-∏n-em°nhcp-

∂-Xmbn ImWmw. ̀ mj-bnse ASn-ÿm\ tijn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬

bm{¥n-I-amb Bh¿Ø-\-߃ A`n-Im-ay-a-√. ASn-ÿm-\-ti-jn-I-fn-ep≈

sshIeyw Ip´n-I-fpsS Bfl-hn-izmkw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ]T-\-Øn¬ hnap-JX

krjvSn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu sh√p-hn-fn-Isf A`n-kw-t_m-[\w sNøp∂ ]mTy-

]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ hnhn[ tijn-Iƒ Hmtcm L´-Ønepw Ip´nIƒ t\Sp-∂p-sh∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-

Ww.

$ Hgp-t°msS ]d-bm\pw tI´p-{K-ln-°m\pw hmbn®p a\- n-em-°m\pw Bh-iy-

amb A\p-`-h-߃ Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØWw.

$ Hmtcm L´-Ønepw Ah-iyw-th≠ `mjm-L-S-\-Ifpw ]Z-k-ºØpw A¿ln-

°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬ IWw.

$ Db¿∂ Nn¥, hni-I-e-\-ti-jn, {Inbm-flI Nn¥, Bhn-jvI-c-W-tijn XpS-

ßnbh Hmtcm L´-Ønepw Dd∏p hcp-Ø-Ww.

$ `mj-bn-eqsS {]Xn-̂ -en-°p∂ kwkvImcw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°Ww

$ Hmtcm L´-Øn\pw DNn-X-amb hyXykvX kmlnXy amXr-I-Ifpw `mjmhyh-

lmc amXr-I-Ifpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw Bkz-Zn-°m\pw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-

®-dn™v cN-\-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm\pw Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww.

`mjm-]-T\w : s]mXp-hmb e£y-߃

1. tIhew Bi-b-hn-\n-a-tbm-]m[n F∂-Xn-\-∏pdw kmwkvIm-cnI hn\n-a-tbm-

]m[n, Nn¥-bpsS am[yaw F∂o \neIfn¬ `mj-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ]cn-K-

Wn-°p-∂-Xm-h-Ww.

2. tZi-Øns‚ kwkvIm-cw, ]mc-ºcyw F∂nh Dƒs°m-≈m\pw hni-I-e\w

sNøm-\p-ap≈ at\m-`mhw hf¿Øm-\p-X-Ip-∂Xm-h-Ww.

3. am\I -`mj ]cn-io-en--°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w tZi-t`-Z-߃ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ah-

kcw \¬Ip-∂-Xm-hWw

4. kzXz-t_m[w hf¿Øm≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂-Xm-hWw

5. `mjm-ssh-hn-[y-ßsf am\n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Ah-bpsS hc-ºp-Iƒ adn-I-S∂v

`mjm-k-aq-l-߃ ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-Sm-\p≈ kmlNcy-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xm-h-

Ww.

6. k¿Km-fl-I-X-bp-sSbpw sshIm-cnI -̀ m-h-ß-fp-tSbpw Bhn-jvIm-tcm-]m[n F∂

\ne-bn¬IqSn `mjsb ]cn-K-Wn-°-Ww.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

43

amXr-`m-jm-]-T\w

khn-ti-j-km-l-Ncyw

tIc-f-Ønse F√m hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw ae-bmfw ]Tn-t°≠-Xp-≠v. AXn-\m¬ ae-bm-

f -

]m-T-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ k¶¬∏w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ {][m-\-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn-°-

s∏-tS-≠Xv c≠v hkvXp-X-IfmWv.

1. hnZym¿Yn-bpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ hyh-lm-c-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb ASn-ÿm\ ss\]p-

Wn-Iƒ B¿Pn-°pI.

2. X\-Xp-tZ-i-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI `mh-߃ kzmwio-I-cn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-sam-

cp-°p-I.

`mjm¿P-\-Øns‚ BZy-L-´-Øn¬ Ip´n-bn¬ {]_-e-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp∂ ̀ mj-bmWv

amXr-`mj. Ip´n-bpsS hnNm-c-hnIm-c-ßfpw {]Xn-I-c-W-ßfpw {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°m≥

Ign-bp∂ DNn-X-amb am[y-a-amWv CXv. AXn-\m¬ kvIqƒ hnZym-̀ ymkØn¬ amXr-

`m-j-bpsS ÿm\w hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ hnhn-[-L-´-ß-

fn¬ amXr-`m-jbv°v hyXykvX [¿a߃ A\p-jvTn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. ⁄m\-\n¿an-

Xn°p amXr-`m-j-bmWv G‰hpw tbmPn-®Xv.

ss{]a-dn-L -́Ønse ̀ mjm-]-T\w Ip´nbpsS A\p-̀ -h-ß-fn-eq-∂n-s°m-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn®pw Ahsb `mh-\m-]q¿Wambn hymJym-\n®pw Ip´n

`mj D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]cn-Nn-X-amb hyh-lmc kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm-\p-≈

Ah-k-c-am-Wv `mjm-]T-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn ChnsS Hcp-°p-∂Xv. `mj-tbm-Sp≈

aa-Xbpw kvt\lhpw h¿[n-∏n-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ ]T-\m-¥-co£w Xs∂-bmWv {]mY-

anIL´w apX¬ Hcp-t°-≠-Xv.

A©p- ap-X¬ ]Øp-hsc ¢mkp-I-fn¬ {Xn`m-jm-]-≤XnbmWv s]mXpsh \n¿tZ-

in-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xv. F∂m¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ \mep-`m-j-

Iƒ ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p-≠v. amXr-`m-j, Cw•o-jv, lnμn F∂n-hbv°p

]pdta Ad-_nIv, kwkvIr-Xw, D¿Zp F∂n-h-bn¬ H∂pw ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-k-c-ap-≠v.

CXc `mj-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂-h¿°v amXr-`m-j-bn¬ {]mhoWyw t\Sm-\p≈ Ah-k-c-

߃ Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

lb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-Øn¬ `mj-Iƒ°p IqSp-X¬ Hm]vj-W¬ tImºn-t\-j-\p-

Iƒ cq]-I¬∏-\-sN-tø-≠-XmWv. Ie, kwkvIm-cw, kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy, hmWn-Py-

imkv{Xw F∂n-h-bp-ambn _‘n-∏n®v hnhn[`mj-Iƒ ]Tn-°m≥ ChnsS Ah-

kcw \¬Imw. sXmgn¬cwKØp anIhp ]pe¿Øm≥ Ign-bp∂ hn[-Øn¬ ]T-

\-{Iaw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXXp taJ-e-I-fn¬ t\cn´v CS-s]-´p-sIm≠v

`mj-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ At\z-jn-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n°pwhn[-amWv CXp {Iao-I-cn-t°-

≠-Xv. ̀ mjm-im-kv{X-Øns‚ km[yX-Iƒ, hnti-jn®v {]mtbm-KnI ̀ mjm-imkv{Xw-

So®¿ sSIvÃv

44

CX-c-`m-j-I-fpsS ]T\w khn-ti-j-amb Nne {]iv\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂p-

≠v. amXr-`m-jm-hn-Zym¿Yn-bp-tS-Xp-t]mse hnim-e-amb Hcp `mjm-]-cn-kcw CX-c-

`mjm hnZym¿∞n°p e`n-°p-∂n-√. CXc `mjm-hn-Zym¿Yn-bpsS `mjm]cn-kcw

Ahs‚ ¢mkp-ap-dn-am{X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ kzm`m-hn-I-amb `mjm-\p-`-h-

߃ e`n-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-k-c-߃ A]-cym-]vX-am-Wv. ]cn-anX-amb `mjm-]-cn-k-

cØp\n∂p e`n-°p∂ A\p-`-h-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ ̀ mjm-]-T\w Ipsd-°qSn Bbmkw

\nd-™Xpw aμ-K-Xn-bn-ep-≈-Xp-am-hpw.

CX-c-̀ m-j-I-fpsS ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃ IqSp-X¬ ̀ mjm-\p-̀ -h-߃°v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-

∂-Xm-h-Ww. sshhn-[y-am¿∂ `mjm-am-Xr-I-Ifpw kmln-Xy-cq-]-ßfpw ]mT-]p-kvX-

I-Øn-ep-≠m-h-Ww. Ip´n-Iƒ°p e`n-°p∂ ]T-\-\m-\p-`-h-߃ IrXy-X-bm¿∂Xpw

anI-hm¿∂-Xp-am-hWw. hyh-lm-c-cq]Øns‚ hyXykvXam-Xr-I-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw

]cn-io-en-°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-߃ [mcm-f-ap-≠m-h-Ww. Ip´n-Iƒ°v `mj

tIƒ°m\pw Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØmsS kwkm-cn-°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-߃ Hcp-°-

Ww. `mj-bpsS LS-\m-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw Be-¶m-cnI ssien-Ifpw ]cn-

N-b-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. anI® `mjm-\p-`-h-߃ Hcp-°m≥ sF.kn.Sn km[y-X-Iƒ

{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

hnZym-̀ ym-k-Øns‚ e£y-ß-fnsem∂mb sXmgn¬ kºm-Z\w CXc-̀ m-j-Iƒ kzmb-

Ø-am-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS IqSp-X¬ Icp-Øm¿Pn-°p-∂p. am[y-aw, Ne®n-{Xw, Sqdn-kw,

]c-ky-I-e, {KŸ-c-N-\, hnh¿Ø\w, ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv, a‰p hmWnPy taJ-e-

Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ \m\m-Xp-d-I-fnse sXmgn¬ km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

coXn-bn-em-bn-cn-°Ww CX-c-`mjm ]T\kao]-\w.

So®¿ sSIvÃv

45

Imhy-]¿hw

1.1. k¿Km-flI cN-\-I-fn¬ h∂ {Iam-\p-K-X-amb hnImkw hnth-Nn-®-dn™v

AXns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hy-X-ykvX Imhy-cq-]-߃ hne-bn-cpØn Ipdn-

∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

1.2. Zri-y-{im-hyIeIfpƒs∏´ -km-ln-X-y-am-Xr-I-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏SpIbpw Ah

Bkz-Zn-®v sNm¬°mgvN-Iƒ hy-‡n-K-X-ambpw kwL-ambpw Bhn-jvI-cn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

1.3. ]mT-̀ m-K-ß-fnse XØz-Nn-¥m-]-c-amb Awi-߃ Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-∂p.

1.4. h¿Ø-am-\-∏p-kvX-I-Øns‚ ̀ mjmkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™v eLp-Ip-

dn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

1.5. {]mNo\ KZ-y-c-N\mamXr-I-Iƒ, 18˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥yw hsc-bp≈ ae-

bmf KZ-y-Øns‚ ]-cn-Wma Ncn{Xw F∂nh Dƒs°m≠v Ipdn∏p-Iƒ Xbm-

dm-°p--∂p.

cwK-]¿hw

2.1. \mSIcN-\minev]-imeIƒ kwL-Sn-∏n°p∂p. eLp-\m-S-I-߃ cNn-

°p∂p. Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

2.2. \mS-I-Øns‚ {]ta-bw, cN-\, A`n-\-bw, Km\w, kwhn-[m\w F∂o taJ-

e-I-fpsS {]m[m\yw Xncn-®-dn™v eLp-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-

∏n-°p-∂p.

2.3. ap≥Iq´n Xbm-dm-°nb tNmZym-h-en-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {]i-kvX -\m-

S -I-IrØp°fp-ambn A`n -apJ kw`m-jWw \S-Øn dnt∏m¿´v

Xbmdm°p∂p.

2.4. "Ip´n-I-fpsS \mS-I-thZnbpsS {]k‡n' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ skan-\m¿

kwL-Sn-∏n®v {]_-‘-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

2.5. ]m›mXy ̨ ]uckvXy \mSIkt¶-X-ßfpw k¶-ev]-ßfpw ASn-ÿm-\-

am°n Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

2.6. X\-Xp-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bpsS D¤hw \ΩpsS cwK-I-em-]m-c-º-cy-Øn¬ \n∂m-

sW∂v Xncn-®-dn™v cN-\-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂p.

]T\t\´ßƒ

So®¿ sSIvÃv

46

BJym-\-]¿hw

3.1. Cμp-te-J, Iqa≥sIm-√n, hr≤-k-Z\w F∂o t\mh¬ ̀ mK-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-

-̂en-°p∂ Ime-L-́ -Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ A]-{K-Yn®v- kwhmZØn¬

]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p.

3.2. A\p-{]-tbm-K-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™v DNn-X-amb kμ¿`-ß-

fn¬ {]tbm-Kn--°p-∂p.

3.3. hmIy-ß-fnse [z\ym-fl-IX Xncn-®-dn™v A]-{K-Y\°pdn∏v Xbm-dm-

°p∂p.

3.4. Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Xs‚ IYm-]m-{XsØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xns‚

hnhn[ L -́߃ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

3.5. t\mh-ep-Iƒ Xmc-X-ayw sNbvXv teJ-\-߃ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

kn≤m-¥-]¿hw

4.1. ]m›mXy]uc-kvXy-kn-≤m-¥-߃ hni-I-e-\w-sNbvXv Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-

dm-°p∂p.

4.2. thUvkvh¿Øv, tImf-dnUvPv XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS Imhy-Z¿i\߃ ASn-ÿm-

\-am°n D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

4.3. [z\n kn≤m¥w Dƒs°m≠v ]T-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p.

4.4. hn`mX-hn-`qXn F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ {]`m-XsØ [z\ym-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-∂Xp Is≠Øn {]_‘w Xbm-dm-°p∂p.

am[y-a-]¿hw

5.1. kmln-Xy cN-\-bn¬ ssk_¿ CS-Øn-\p≈ km[-yX hni-I-e\w sNbvXv

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

5.2. ssk_¿ kmln-Xyw, tªmKv kmlnXyw Ch-sb-°p-dn®v kwhm-Z-߃

kwL-Sn-∏n®v dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

5.3. hn]-Wn-bpsS X{¥-Øn-\p-]cnbmbn kmaq-ly DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpsS Hm¿-

as∏-Sp-Øepw ]c-k-y-ß-fn-ep-≠v F∂p Xncn-®-dn-™v eLp-te-J-Iƒ Xbm-

dm-°p-∂p.

47

Imhy-]¿hw

1Imhy-]¿hw

BapJw

ae-bmf `mj-bp-sSbpw kmln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw XpS°w ]pcm-X-\-amb {ZmhnU

kwkvIr-Xn-bn-em-Wv. ]t≠bv°p ]t≠ ]ecpw ]d-™p ]d-™p am{Xw \ne-

\n-∂n-cp-∂, {]N-cn-®n-cp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬\n∂p amdn Hme-I-fn¬ Fgp-ØmWn

D]-tbm-Kn®v FgpXn kq£n-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS hmsamgns°m∏w hc-samgn

F∂ km[y-X-bpw ̀ mj-bn¬ D≠m-bn-. Bib hn\n-ab am[ya-amb ̀ mj, AXXp

ImesØ kmwkvIm-cn-I-Ø-\n-a-bpsS kw -̀cWn IqSn-bm-Wv. {Zmhn-U ]mc-º-cy-

Øns‚ ]pXp-h-gn-bmbn ]m´p {]ÿm\w cq]w- sIm-≠p. AtX-k-abwXs∂,

aWn-{]-hmf {]ÿm-\hpw \ne-\n-∂p. Fgp-Øp-Imc≥ Xm≥ Pohn-°p∂ Ime-

Øn\pw kaq-l-Øn\pw H∏w B tZi-Øns‚ kwkvIm-c-hpw Xs‚ cN-\-bn¬

at\m-l-c-ambn CW°n tN¿°p-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ `mjm-Im-hy-]m-c-

º-cy-Øns‚ ]T\w kwkvIm-c-]-T\wIqSn-bm-hp-∂p.

ae-bm-f-Ønse BZy-Ime cN-\-I-fmb cma-N-cn-Xhpw IÆ-»-cm-am-b-Whpw Ip´n

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Cu A¿Y-Øn-em-Wv. ]m´ns‚ e£Ww ]q¿W-ambpw tbmPn-

°p∂ cma-N-cnXw 164 ]S-eßfpw 1814 ]m´pIfp-ap≈ Hcp henb Km\-ImhyamWv.

cmam-b-W-Ønse bp≤-Im-fi-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zyw. B Ime-L-´-Ønse sN¥-

angv Dt]-£n®v -km-[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ `mj-bn-emWv cma-N-cn-X-Im-c≥ ]m´v

Xo¿ØXv. F∂m¬ ]m´p-]m-c-º-cyhpw aWn-{]-hmf `mjm-co-Xn-bpw ka-RvPk-

-ambn ktΩ-fn-°p∂ cN-\m coXn-bmWv \nc-Ww Ihn-Iƒ (IÆ-»∑m¿) kzoI-

cn-®p-t]m-∂-Xv. am[-h-∏-Wn-°¿, i¶-c-∏-Wn-°¿, cma-∏-Wn-°¿ F∂o aq∂p

t]cmWv \ncWw Ihn-Iƒ AYhm IÆ-»-∑m¿ F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. am[-h-

∏Wn-°-cpsS "`mjm-`-K-hZvKoX' i¶-c-∏-Wn-°-cpsS "`mcXame' cma-∏-Wn-°-

cpsS "cmam-bWw' F∂nh Cu {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv.

cma-N-cn-X-Im-c\pw IÆ-»-∑mcpw Dgp-Xn´ aÆn-emWv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ cN-\-Iƒ

]nd-°p-∂-Xv. kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI D∂-a\w e£yw-h®v a¿Ωwt\m°n

`‡n-bpsS [¿Ωw hnfw_cw sNøp-I-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥. Xm≥ Pohn-°p∂

ImesØ kaq-lØns‚ D≈p-W¿Øn sacp°nsb-Sp-°p∂ Ic-hn-cp-Xv Fgp-

Ø-—≥ IrXn-I-fn¬ ImWmw. kmwkvIm-cnI Po¿W-X-bn-em-≠p-In-S∂ Hcp

P\-k-aq-lsØ A¿Y-h-Ømb Pohn-X-Øns‚ -km-[y-X-Iƒ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-

I-bmbncp∂p `mjm]n-Xmhv.

48

So®¿ sSIvÃv

A[ym-fl-cm-am-b-Ww Infn∏m´nse "bp≤-Imfi'Ønep≈ hn`o-jW lntXm-

]-tZ-i-amWv BZysØ ]mT-̀ m-Kw. aqey-t_m-[w, XØz-Nn-¥, [m¿an-I-X,

kmtlm-Zcyw XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-hp-∂p≠v Chn-sS.

19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ a[y-tØmsS ae-bm-f-Øn¬ {]Nmcw kn≤n® ap‡-I- {]ÿm-

\sØ ]cnNb-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]mT-amWv "apØp-a-Wn-Iƒ'. ]q¿W-amb Hcm-i-bsØ

Na-XvImc `wKn-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ t«mI-sØ-bmWv "ap‡Iw' F∂p- hn-

fn-®p-t]mcp-∂-Xv.

""ap‡w t«mI-G-ssIh

Na-XvIm-c-£a: kXmw''

hrØ-Øn¬ cNn-°p∂ CØcw ap‡-I-߃ GsX-¶nepw Hcp `mh-Øn-s‚tbm

Bi-b-Øn-s‚tbm kml-N-cy-Øn-s‚tbm k¿§m-flI Bhn-jvIm-c-am-bn-cn-°pw.

Nnt¥-cn´ hm°p-Iƒ NnXw t]mse tN¿Øp cNn® ap‡I߃ Bg-Øn¬

]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-t°-≠h Xs∂. kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-hpam-bp≈ kº¿°w

Cu {]ÿm-\-Øn¬ \ngen®p ImWp-∂p≠v.

sImSp-ß-√q¿ If-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p ap‡-I-ß-fpsS Acßv. Ih-\-Iu-ap-Zn, at\m-ca

F∂o B\p-Im-en-I-ß-ƒ ap‡-I-ß-fpsS hk-¥-Imew ae-bm-fn°p kΩm\n®p.

A°m-eØv Ihn-I-fpsS Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpw kwhm-Z-ßfpsa√mw t«mI-a-b-am-

bn-cp∂p. ka-kym-]q-c-W-߃, Ombm-t«m-I-߃, awK-fm-iw-km-]-Zy-߃ XpS-

ßn-b-h-sb√mw Cu {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ hf¿®bv°p am‰pIq´n.

sImSp-ß-√q¿ Ifcn

19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-h¿j-ß-fn¬ sImSp-ß-√q¿ tImhn-

eIw tI{μo-I-cn®v A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-ambn cq]w-sIm≠ `mjm-I-hn-I-

fpsS Iq´m-bva-bmWv "sImSp-ß-√q¿ Ifcn'. sIm®p-Æn-Ø-ºp-cm\pw

Ip™n°p-́ ≥X-ºp-cm\pw a‰pw kmcYyw hln-®n-cp∂ Cu kmlnXy

kZ- n¬ A°m-esØ \m´p-cm-Py-ß-fnse an° Ihn-Ifpw ]¶m-fn-

I-fm-bn. Ihn-Xm-c-N\ hnt\m-Z-ambn I≠n-cp∂ C°q-́ ¿ H‰ t«mI-

ß-fpsS \n¿an-Xn-bn¬ {]Xn-̀ -bpsS {] -̀ sNm-cn-™p.

irwKm-cw, `‡n, cmP-{]-iw-k, hymP-kvXpXn {]Ir-Xn-h¿W-\, _mlym-Im-c-

h¿W\ (Ombm-t«m-I-߃), hnc-l-hn-h-cWw, ]cn-lm-kw, PohnXhna¿i-\w,

`£-W-h¿W\, F∂n-ßs\ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ hnj-b-ß-fm¬ kº-∂-amWv

ae-bm-f-Ønse ap‡-I -{]-ÿm-\w. ap‡-I-ß-sf hnj-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ ^en-X-c-k-{]-[m\w, hywKy-{]-[m-\w, A¿Ym-e-¶m-c-{]-[m-\w, i_vZm-e-

49

Imhy-]¿hw

¶m-c-{]-[m\w F∂n-ßs\ Xcw Xncn-®n-́ p-≠v. tNe-∏-dºv \ºq-Xn-cn, ]qt¥m´w

\ºq-Xn-cn, sh◊Wn A—≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, sh◊Wn al≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, sImSp-ß-

√q¿ sIm®p-Æn-Ø-ºp-cm≥, sImSp-ß-√q¿ Ip™n-°p´≥ Xºp-cm≥, Hd-h-¶c

\oe-I-WvT≥ \ºq-Xncn XpSßn \nc-h[nt]¿ Cu cwKØp Ignhp sXfn-bn-®-

h-cm-Wv. "apØp-a-Wn-Iƒ' F∂ ]mT-̀ m-Kw Cu {]ÿm-\-sØ ]-cn-N-b-s∏Sm≥

klm-bn-°p∂p.

thdn´ Nn¥-sIm≠pw Fgp-Øns‚ Kmw`ocyw -sIm≠pw A\p-hm-N-I-lr-Zbw

Iog-S-°nb almIhn-bmWv Ipam-c-\m-im≥. "Rm≥' F∂ ]cn-an-X-amb t_m[-

Øn¬ \n∂v {]]©-tØmfw hnim-e-amb t_m[-Ønte°p a\p-jys\

Db¿Øp∂ B[ym-flnI Z¿i\-߃ {io \mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn¬ \n∂pw {Kln®

Bims‚ BZy-Ime cN-\-Iƒ A[n-Ihpw B hgn-°p-≈-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv

D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn-\mbn I¬°-Ø-bn¬ Xma-kn-°m-\n-S-h-∂-t∏m-gmWv ]m›m-Xy-

km-ln-Xy-hp-am-bp≈ kº¿°w At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-hp-∂Xv. Bims‚ "hoW-

]qthm'SpIqSn Im¬∏-\nI {]ÿm\w AXns‚ ]q¿Wtim`-tbmsS ae-bmf

Imhy-tem-I-Øpw {]Im-i-am-\-am-bn. hne-Ip-d™ lmkym-hn-jvIm-c-ß-sfbpw

alm-Im-hym-\p-I-c-ß-sfbpw H∏w irwKm-cm-`mk-sØbpw Bim≥ ]Sn°p

]pdØp\n¿Øn. ]Icw kvt\l-Øns‚ DZmØtaJe-I-fn-te°v ae-bmf Ihn-

X-bpsS `mh-a-fi-esØ ssI]n-Sn-®p-b¿Øn. ]m›mXy Im¬∏-\n-I-X-sbbpw

`mc-Xo-b-kw-kvIr-Xn-sbbpw DuSpw-]m-hp-am°n s\bvsX-Sp-Ø-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p

Bim≥ IrXn-Iƒ. "amwk\n_-≤-a-√mØ' {]W-b-Øns‚ A\-iz-c-Km-b-I\mb

Bims‚ _p≤-Z¿i-\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ Cg-b-Sp∏w IcpWbn¬ am{X-a√ Nfim-e-

`n-£pIn XpS-ßnb IrXn-I-fnepw \nd-™p-Im-Wmw. B[p-\nI Ihn-{X-b-Øn¬

Hcmfmb Bim-s\-bpw Bims‚ IrXn-I-sfbpw kmam-\y-ambn ]Tn-°pI F∂

Dt±-iytØm-sS-bmWv "im¥w IcpWw' F∂ ]mT-`mKw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

cn°p∂Xv.

]Zy-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Xs∂ Bg-Ønep≈ ]-T\w A¿ln-°p-∂-XmWv ae-bm-f-Øns‚

KZy-]m-c-º-cyw. HºXmw iXIw apX¬ Xs∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ Xm{a-im-k-\-ßfpw

inem-en-Jn-X-ßfpw cNn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSp≠mb "{KŸ-h-cn-Iƒ' F∂p

hnfn°p∂ enJn-X-߃ {it≤-b-am-Wv. Ch-sb√mw ae-bm-f-Øns‚ XpS°w

Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-hp∂ {]mNo-\-cq-]-߃ Xs∂. `mjbnse KZy-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-

{XsØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm-\p≈ Ah-k-c-amWv Cu bqWn-‰nse Ah-km-\-]m-T-amb

"ae-bmf KZy-]-cn-Wmaw' hgn km[y-am-hp-∂-Xv. ae-bm-f-Ønse KZy-]Zy kmln-

Xy-ß-fpsS XpS-°hpw hf¿®bpw kq£va-ambn a\- n-em-°m\pw A]-{K-Yn-

°m\pw Cu bqWn-‰n-eqsS Igntb-≠-XmWv.

50

So®¿ sSIvÃv

{]thiIw

tIc-f-Øn-s‚tbm ae-bm-f-̀ m-j-bp-sStbm aln-a-Iƒ hm-gvØp∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ Ip´n-

Iƒ Is≠-Øs´. ap≥]-cn-N-b-ap-≈tXm ap≥ ¢m p-I-fn¬ ]Tn-®tXm Bb

Ihn-X-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ømw. Ah sNm√m≥ Ah-kcw \evImw. XpS¿∂v

{]th-i-I-Ønse IhnX hmbn-°m≥ \n¿t±-in-°mw

tIc-f-Øns‚ aln-asb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Fs¥√mw Imcy-߃ Cu Ihn-

X-bn¬ \n∂p Is≠Ømw?

$ ]c-ip-cm-a-\n¿Ωn-X-amWv tIcfw F∂ sFXn-ly-sØ-°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿iw

D≠v.

$ tIcf kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ C∂-se-I-fn-te°v Cu IhnX shfn®w hoip-

∂p.

$ tIc-f-Øns‚ `q{]-Ir-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v Ihn-X-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

ae-bmf `mj-sbbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw Ipdn®v Fs¥√mw ]cm-a¿i-ß-

fmWv Cu Ihn-X-bn-ep-≈-Xv?

$ {ZmhnUtKm{X `mj-bmWv F∂ kqN-\-bp≠v

$ {Zmhn-U-Øn-s‚bpw kwkvIr-X-Øn-s‚bpw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ae-bm-f-̀ m-j-

bn-ep-≠v.

$ ae-bmfw F∂ tZi-hm-Nn-bn¬ \n∂mWv `mjbv°pw B t]cv e`n-®-sX∂v

Ihn-X-bn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p.

tIc-f-Øn-s‚bpw ae-bm-f-̀ m-j-bp-sSbpw Ncn-{Xhpw al-Xzhpw Htc-t]mse Cu

Ihn-X-bn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. Xan-gn¬ \n∂v cq]-s∏ v́ kwkvIr-X-Øn‚bpw

CXc {Zmhn-U-`m-j-I-fp-sSbpw kzm[o-\-Øns‚ ^e-am-bmWv ae-bm-f-`mj

hf¿∂Xv. amXr-̀ m-jm-̀ n-am\w Xpfp-ºp∂ ae-bm-f-Im-hy-̀ m-K-߃ Is≠Øn Ip´n-

Iƒ Xs∂ Xmfw \¬In Nn -́s∏-Sp-Ø-s´. kvIqfnse kmwkvIm-cnI ]cn-]m-Sn-

I-fn¬ Ah-X-c-W-Km\ambn CXnse hcn-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

51

Imhy-]¿hw

hn`o-j-W-ln-tXm-]-tZiw

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

]m´p{]-ÿm-\hpw kam-¥-c-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ aWn-{]-hmf {]ÿm-\hpw \nd-

™m-Snb Ime-L-́ -Øn-s‚bpw Ae-¶m-c-k-ar-≤hpw CuW-{]-[m-\-hp-amb KmYm-

{]-ÿm-\-Øn-s‚bpw XpS¿®-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imhy-tem-Iw. "`‡n'sb∂

Huj-[-tk-h-bn-eqsS Xs‚ Ime-L-́ -Ønse hy‡n-a-\- ns‚bpw kaq-l-a-\-

am[-h-amkw R߃s°∂pw

hmk-¥-{io-b-\p-Zn-\-an-hnsS

taml\ JK-K-W-Iq-P-\-cm-PnX

taml-Z-hm-Sn-I-sb-∂psS cmPyw

PmXn-a-Xm-‘y-a-Xm-¥-sa-Xn¿°pw

t_m[-hn-`m-hn-X-sa-∂psS cmPyw

(Pb Pb)

]msem-fn-XqIpw ]q¥p-In¬ Nm¿Øpw

teme-Iƒ hnekpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬,

Iev]I Xcp-\n--I-c-߃ \nc°pw

Iev]n-X-̀ qhmw ae-bm-f-Øn¬

Xp©-ipIo If-IWvT-\n-\mZw

X©pw amaI ae-bm-f-Øn¬

ama-I-tamlw amaI tKlw

ama-I-\mIw amaI hnebw!

Pb Pb tIma-f-tI-c-f-[-cWo

Pb Pb ama-I-]q-Pn-X-P-\\o!

(cNn-®Xv 1938)

Pb Pb tImaf tIcf [cWo

Pb Pb amaI ]qPn-X-P-\\o

Pb Pb ]mh-\-̀ m-c-X-l-cnWo

Pb Pb [¿a-k-a-\z-b-c-aWo

Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb P\\o

P\\o amaI tIc-f-[-cWo

t{]a-Z-amIpw {]a-Z-h\w Xm≥

iymaf kpμ-c-sa-∂psS cmPyw!

ae-b-P-kp-c-`n-e-am-cp-X-t\¬°pw

ae-bmfw lm! ama-I-cmPyw!

acn-N-a-t\m-lc eXn-Im-t«-jnX

Xcp-\n-c-Xnßpw ama-I-cmPyw;

If If-tam-Xn-bn-W-ßn-h-cp-s∂mcp

ken-e-k-ar≤w ama-I-cmPyw!

Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb Pb P\\o

P\\o amaI tIc-f-[-cWo

(tIcf k¿°m¿ kmwkvIm-cnI hIp-∏ns‚ HutZym-KnI Km\-ambn 2014 ¬

AwKoIcn®Xv)

tIc-f-Km-\w, sIm√-h¿jw 1101 am≠v Xr»n-h-t]-cq-cn¬ \n∂pw {]kn-≤o-I-cn® "kzX-

{¥-tI-cfw' H∂mw ]pkvX-I-Ønse `P `P amXr aln-Xe Nc-W-sa∂p tIc-f-Km-

\sØ ]mtS am‰n 1113 ¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse P\-Iob {]t£m-`-Wm-cw-`-tØmsS

cNn®Xpw AXn-\p-tijw Nne am‰-߃ hcp-Øn-bn-́ p-≈-Xp-am-Wv.

tIc-f-Km\w

52

So®¿ sSIvÃv

 ns‚bpw Bflob BtcmKyw h¿≤n-∏n-°m\p≈ t_m[-]q¿h-amb {iaw Fgp-

Ø-—≥ IrXn-I-fn¬ ImWmw. ]cn-an-Xn-Isf km[y-X-I-fm-°m-\p≈ Z¿i-\-ß-

fpsS kar≤n Fgp-Ø-—≥ IrXn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. ]Xn-\mdmw \q‰m-

≠n¬ ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse Xncq-cn-\-SpØv Xp©≥ ]d-ºn-emWv Cu Ihn-bpsS

P\-\w. A[ymfl-cm-am-b-Ww Infn-∏m´v, {io alm-`m-c-Xw Infn-∏m´v, lcn-\m-a-

Io¿Ø\w F∂n-h-bmWv {][m-\-Ir-Xn-Iƒ.

A[ym-fl-cm-am-bWw Infn-∏m-´nse bp≤-Im-fiw F∂ `mKsØ hn`o-j-W-

lntXm-]-tZ-i-amWv ]mT-`m-Kw. {iocm-a-t\mSp bp≤w sNøm-s\m-cpßn AXn-

\p≈ X{¥-߃ sa\-bp-∂-Xn-\mbn cmh-W≥ hnhn-[-X-e-ß-fn¬ N¿®-Iƒ

\SØp-∂p. A°q-́ -Øn¬ ktlm-Z-c-\mb hn`o-jW\pw sIm´m-c-Øn-se-Øp∂p.

Cu tPyjvTm-\p-P-∑m-cpsS kwhm-Z-Øn-eqsS \ap°p e`n-°p-∂Xp \nXy-Pohn-X-

K-‘n-bmb {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-bpsS ]mT-ß-fm-Wv. \tΩmSv CjvSw \Sn®p IqsS

\nev°p∂hcmcpw IjvS-Imew hcp-tºmƒ IqsS D≠m-hn√ F∂pw \ΩpsS

sX‰mb Xocp-am\w \ap°pXs∂ A]-ISw hcp-Øn-hbv°pw F∂pw _‘p-°-

fm-b-h¿t]mepw \sΩ Dt]-£n®p {]_-e-\mb Bfns\ ]n¥p-Wbv°pw F∂pw

hn`o-j-W≥ Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. {iocm-as‚ Atº‰v ktlm-Z-c\v B]Øp hcp-

∂-Xn-ep≈ k¶Sw sIm≠mWv Xm\n-sX√mw ]d-bp-∂Xv F∂pw AXp-

sIm≠pXs∂ F{Xbpw thKw koXm-tZ-hnsb {iocm-a\p Xncn-®p-\-¬Ip-∂-

XmWv DNn-X-sa∂pw A¿∞-i-¶--bn-√mØhn[w hn`o-j-W≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

F√mw \in®tijw, C\n koXm-tZ-hnsb sImSp-°mw F∂p Nn¥n-®n v́ Hcp

Imcy-hp-an-√. G‰p-ap-́ p-∂-Xn\p apºp ]e-h´w Btem-Nn-°-Ww. inh≥ apX-emb

tZh-∑m¿t]mepw {iocm-as\ tkhn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. {iocm-a-t\mSp bp≤w

sNbvXm¬ ]ns∂ B{i-b-ambn a‰mcpw D≠m-Ip-Ibpw C√. A-Xn-\m¬ Pm\-

Insb Xncn-t®¬∏n®v kpJ-ambn hmgp-I-bmWv DNnXw F∂pw hn`o-j-W≥ ]d-

bp-∂p. Cu D]tZ-i-߃ tI´ cmh-W≥ £p`n-X-\m-hp-∂p. an{X-̀ mhw \Sn-°p∂

CØ-c-°m-cmWv bYm¿∞ i{Xp-°ƒ F∂pw Ahsc h[n-°pItb \n¿hm-l-

ap≈q F∂pam-bn-cp∂p cmhWs‚ {]Xn-I-c-Ww. AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn hn`oj-

W≥ ]d-bp-∂Xp acWw Bk-∂-am-bn-cn-°p∂ hy‡n°v Hcp Huj[hpw ^en-

°n√ F∂m-Wv.

h¿Ø-am-\-Ime PohnX ]cn-k-c-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn Cu `mKw N¿®-sN-

øp-∂Xv IqSp-X¬ KpWw sNøpw. cmh-W\pw hn`o-j-W\pw {]mXn-\n-[y-kz-̀ m-

h-ap≈ c≠p IYm-]m-{X-߃ BW-t√m. hm°psIm≠pw {]hrØn-sIm≠pw

hyXy-kvX-cm-b-h¿. c≠p-t]cpw {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂Xp c≠p hyXykvX

ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-sf-bmWpXm\pw. kq£vam-]-{K-Y\-Øn¬ aqey-t_m[w, XØz-Nn¥,

[m¿an-I-X, kv{Xo-tbm-Sp≈ kao-]\w, bp≤-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ Nn¥ XpSßnb

53

Imhy-]¿hw

hyXykvX taJ-e-I-fn¬ Ip´nIsf FØn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-XmWv Cu ]mT-̀ m-Kw.

{]uVamb CXn-lm-k-ßsf Bhn-jvIcn-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ Hcp `mj-bmbn ae-bm-

fsØ hm¿sØ-Sp°m≥ Fgp-Ø-—\p km[n-®p. kwkvIr-X-]-Z-ßfpw `mjm-]-

Z-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse {]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ kn≤n Cu Ihn°p kz¥w. XØzNn¥m-

{][m-\-amb hcn-IƒsIm≠v kar-≤-amWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ IrXn-Iƒ. hn`o-j-W-

lntXm-]-tZihpw hy-X-y-kvX-a-√.

]T\{]h¿Ø\߃

hn`ojWs‚ hm°pIƒ tI´ cmhWs‚ {]XnIcWw F¥mbncp∂p.-- ?

IhnX Ip´nIƒ kwLßfmbn sNm√s´. hy-‡n-K-X-amb Ah-X-c-W-

ßfpw BImw. Cu IhnXbnse {][m\ IYm]m{X߃ Bsc√mamWv?

Ah¿ Fs¥√mamWv ]dbp∂Xv? F∂nßs\bp≈ tNmZy߃ So®¿

tNmZn°s´. Hmtcm kwL-Øn¬\n∂pw Hmtcm Ip´n°p ]d-bm-

\p≈ Ah-k-chpw \¬tI-≠-XmWv

$ bp≤Øn\p apºp≈ N¿®bmWv ChnsS \S°p∂Xv.

$ {iocma\pw cmhW\pamWv IYm]m{X߃.

$ koXsb Xncn®p sImSp°m≥ hn`ojW≥ ]dbp∂p.

$ cmhW≥ {Iqcambn {]XnIcn°p∂p.

F∂nßs\bp≈ {]XnIcW߃ D≠mImw

CXn¬ cmhWs‚ A`n{]mb߃ Fs¥-√m-am-sW∂v Hcn°¬IqSn hmbn®v

Ipdn∏mbn FgpXn AhXcn∏n°s´. AhXcWØn¬ hcmhp∂ NneXv

$ kulrZw \Sn®p IqsS \S°p∂hcmWv bYm¿Y i{Xp°ƒ.

$ koXsb sImSp°Ww F∂p ]dbp∂Xpt]mep≈ ImcyßfmWvv

]dbp∂sX¶n¬ h[n°pItb c£bp≈q.

{]XnIcWßfn¬\n∂p In´nb Bib߃ t{ImUoIcn®v Ip´nIƒ°vv

cmhWs‚ A`n{]mbw Ipdn∏mbn FgpXmw.

{iocm-a-t\mSp Ie-ln-®m¬ ]ns∂ Bcpw ic-W-an-s√∂p ]d-™-sX-¥p-

sIm≠v?

Ip´n-Iƒ Ihn-Xm-̀ mKw sNm√n-t\m-°-s´.

]Z-y-̀ m-KsØ cmhW hn`o-j-W-∑m-cpsS kw`m-jWw KZ-y-cq-]-Øn-em°n Ah-

X-cn-∏n--°-s´.

hn`o-j-W\p cma-s\mmSpw cmh-W-s\m-Sp-ap≈ at\m-̀ m-h-Ønse hy-X-ym-k-sa¥v?

54

So®¿ sSIvÃv

Ip´n-Iƒ H∂p IqSn hmbn-®-tijw Ah-cpsS \nco-£-W߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p.

$ cma-s\m-Sp≈ `‡-ym-Z-c-߃

$ cma≥ AP-ø-\m-sW∂ hni-zmkw

$ cma≥ km[m-cW a\p-j-y-\√ F∂ hni-zmkw

$ cmh-W-s\m-Sp≈ ktlm-Zc kvt\lw

$ cmh-W\p [¿a-Nn-¥-bp-≠m-°-W-sa∂ B{Klw

$ cmh-Ws‚ A[¿a-hr-Øn-I-tfm-Sp≈ \oc-kw.

$ cmh-W≥ A[¿a`mK-Øm-b-Xn -\m¬ [¿aØns‚ `mK-Øp≈

{iocmas‚ ]£sØ F√m-hcpw \n¬°p F∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sv.

N¿®-bv°p-tijw cmh-W\p kw`-hn-°m-\n-cn-°p∂ B]-Øn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈

hn`oj-Ws‚ Bi-¶-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

arX-yp-h-i-K-X-\mb ]pcp-j\v

kn≤u-j-[-ß-fp-taev°-bn-t√-Xp-ta.

$ ""Xm¥m≥ \nc-¥cw sNøp∂Xn≥ I¿Ω-߃

Xm¥m-\-\p-`-hn-®o-Sp-sIt∂h-cq''.

$ "Aßm-Sn-∏øv Be-bn¬ \n¬°'

$ "]pI-™- sIm≈n ]pdØv'

$ "Im° Ipfn-®m¬ sIm°m-Iptam'

CØcw XØ-z-Nn-¥m-]-c-amb hcn-I-fp-sSbpw ]g-s©m-√p-I-fpsSbpw {]tbmK

kmwK-Xyw Ip´n-IƒXs∂ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´.

kam-\-ß-fmb ]g-s©m-√p-Ifpw Ah-bpsS A¿Y km[-y-X-Ifpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°m≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ah-kcw sImSp-°p-∂p.

]d-™Xn¬ Ihns™mc¿Yw Cu ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ°pt≠m? Dt±-in-°p∂

Imcyw as‰m∂p ]d™p shfnhm°p-I-bt√ sNøp-∂-Xv. Aßs\bmsW-

¶n¬ Cu hcn-Iƒ°v F¥p hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬Imw? Imh-y-̀ m-KØv ac-Wm-k-

∂s\bpw acp-∂n-s\bpw ]‰n-bmtWm Ihn Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv? Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-{]mb-

߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

$ cmh-Ws‚ at\m-`m-h-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hn`o-j-Ws‚ hna¿i-\-amWv Cu

`mKw.

$ cmh-W≥ B]-tØm-S-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂p F∂pw AXp-sIm-≠p Xs∂ D]-tZ-

i-߃ ^en-°n√ F∂p-amWv hn`o-j-W≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

55

Imhy-]¿hw

$ cmh-W≥ Bk-∂-a-c-W-\m-sW∂pw D]-tZ-i-߃°p hg-ßm-Ø-h-\m-sW-

∂p-ap≈ hna¿i\w A\p-P-\mb hn`o-jW\p≠v.

$ Cu hcn-Iƒ°p temI-X-Ø-z-Øns‚ kz-̀ m-h-ap-≠v.

$ A{]-kvXp-X-{]-iwk F∂ Ae-¶m-c-amWv ChnsS {]tbm-Kn-®n-́ p-≈-Xv.

$ Cu ]mT`mKsØ XØz-Nn¥m {][m-\-ß-fmb `mK-߃

]cntim[n°pI.

$ CjvSw ]d-bp∂ _‘p-°-fm-cpta

IjvS-Im-e-Øn-¶-en-s√∂p \n¿Wbw

$ apºn-te-bp-≈n¬ hnNm-cn-®p-sIm-≈Ww

hº-t\m-tS‰m¬ hcpw ^e-ta-h\pw.

$ i{Xp-°ƒ i{Xp-°-fm-Ip-∂-tX-h\pw

arXyp hcp-Øp-a-h-sc∂p \n¿W-bw.

$ arX-yp-h-i-K-X-\mb ]pcp-j\p

kn≤u-j-[-ß-fp-ta-¬v°-bn-t√-Xpta

Is≠Ønbh Hcp XhWIqSn hniZoIcn®v FgpØ—≥ IrXnIfnse

XØzNn¥m{][m\-amb a‰p hcn-Iƒ So®¿ AhXcn∏n°s´. CXpt]mep≈h

Is≠Øm\pw Bhiys∏Smw.

Ahÿm\ß-fn¬ sN∂p NmSn-bm¬ ZqjWap≠mw ˛ Ip©≥\ºym¿

apºn-te-bp-≈n¬hnNm-cn-®p-sIm-≈Ww

hº-t\m-tS‰m¬ hcpw ^e-ta-h\pw. ˛ FgpØ—≥

$ Cu hcnIfnse Bib߃ XmcXayw sNbvXp Ipdn∏v Xbmdm°pI.

Ip´nIƒ Cu ImhyiIe߃ hmbn®v. kwLØn¬ N¿®sNøs´. kwLambn

\n∂v Hcmƒ Ah t{ImUoIcn®v AhXcn∏n°s´.

Bi-b-kq-N\

$ Ip©≥ \ºymcpsS IrXnIfnteXmWo `mKw

$ XØzNn¥Iƒ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xn¬ \ºymcpw {i≤n®ncp∂p.

$ kmlNcy߃ A\pkcn®p s]cpamdnbm¬ A_≤߃

kw`hn°pIbn√ F∂p \ºym¿ ]d-bp-∂p.

$ Xt∂°mƒ henbht\mSv G‰pap´p∂Xn\p apºv ]eh´w BtemNn°Ww.

BtemN\bn√msX {]h¿Øn®m¬ AXns‚ ^ew A\p`hnt°≠n hcpw

F∂v FgpØ—≥.

Ch kmam\yamb Htc BibØns‚ c≠v AhXcWamsW∂p Is≠-Øm≥

Ip´nsb klm-bn-°-Ww.

56

So®¿ sSIvÃv

cm£-k-cmP Pbn° Pbn-° \o

{]mk-\n-_-≤-amb Hcp `mKw So®¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n°p-∂p.

DZm:

"F{X P∑w ae-Øn¬ Ign-™Xpw

F{X P∑w Pe-Øn¬ Ign-™Xpw

F{X P∑w aÆn¬ Ign-™Xpw

F{X P∑w ac-ß-fmbv \n∂Xpw

F{X P∑w acn®p \S-∂Xpw

F{X P∑w arK-߃ ]ip-°-fmbv

a¿Ø-y-P-∑-Øn¬ ap≥s] Ign®p \mw.

Cu Imh-y-`mKw sNm√m≥ Ip´n-I-tfmSv Bh-i-y-s∏-Sp∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ sNm√n-b-

tijw A¿Yw hy-‡amIpw hn[w So®¿°pw Be-]n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu Imhy-

`m-KØp i_vZ-kpJw ]I-cp∂ F¥p cN-\m-khn-ti-jXbmWv {i≤-bn¬s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv?

$ hcn-I-fn¬ Htc i_vZw Bh¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂p

$ i_vZm-h¿Ø\w tIƒhn°p kpJhpw IuXp-Ihpw Xcp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ Cu i_vZm-h¿Ø\w Xmf-t_m[w \¬Ip-∂p.

$ IhnX BI¿jI-am-Ip-∂p.

CØcw ]e- a-́ n-ep≈ i_vZm-h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-bmWv {]mkw F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv.

i_vZw sIm≠p Ihn-Xbv°p `wKn h¿[n-∏n-°p∂ {]mk-ßsf i_vZm-e-¶m-c-

ß-sf∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°mw. Cßs\ i_vZm-e-¶m-c-ß-fp≈ Imh-y-̀ m-K-߃ \nß-

fpsS Hm¿abn-ep-t≠m? Ip´n-Iƒ Hm¿a-bn-ep≈ Ihn-Xm-̀ m-K-߃ sNm√-s´.

{][m-\-s∏´ {]mk-hn-̀ m-K-߃ GsXm-s°-bm-Wv? t\csØ ]cn-N-b-s∏´ Imhy-

`m-K-ß-fn¬ i_vZm-h¿Ø-\-߃ GsXms° cq]-Øn-emWv A\p-̀ -h-s∏-́ -Xv?

$ BZ-ym-£-c-{]mkw

$ Zzn-Xo-bm-£-c-{]mkw

$ A¥-ym-£-c-{]mkw

$ A\p-{]mkw

Hmtcm hy-h-ÿ-bp-sSbpw kz-̀ mhw N¿® sNøp-∂p.

$ ASp-Ø-Sp-Ø- h-cn-I-fnse BZ-ym-£cw Bh¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xn-s\ BZ-ym-

£-c-{]m-k-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂p.

$ ASp -Ø-SpØ hcn -I-fnse c≠m-asØ A£cw Bh¿Øn-®m¬

Zzn-Xo-bm£c-{]m-kw.

57

Imhy-]¿hw

$ ASp-Ø-SpØ hcn-I-fnse A¥-ym-£-c-߃ Bh¿Øn-®m¬ A¥-ym-£c

{]mkw.

$ hcn-I-fn¬ CS-bv°n-sS-h-y-RvP-\m-£cw Bh¿Øn-®m¬ A\p-{]mkw

(]q°p-∂n-Xmap√ ]q°p-∂n-e-™n, ]q°p∂p tX∑mhv ]q°p-∂-tim-Iw)

ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse {][m\ {]mk-h-y-h-ÿ-Iƒ F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ Hcp

{]_‘w Ip´n-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°-s´.

cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂v FgpØ—\n¬ FØptºmƒ aebmf `mjbv°v

Fs¥√mw ]cnWmaw kw`hn°p∂p F∂v hniIe\w sNøpI.

IhnXbpsS {]mcw`Øn¬Xs∂ cmaNcnXw, IÆ»cmambWw Ch-sb-∏‰n

kmam\y]cnNbw Ip´nIƒ°v D≠mbncn-°p-at√m. AXns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬

cmaNcnXØnsebpw IÆ»cmambWØnsebpw `mK߃ Ah-X-cn∏n°s´.

\mep {Kq∏nIfnembn Ip´nIsf Xncn®v Hmtcm {Kq∏n\pw ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬

\¬In-bn-́ p≈ c≠p Imhy`mK߃ \¬IpI. c≠p {Kq∏pIƒ°v Htc `mKw

In´nbn´p≠mIpat√m. ]mT`mKsØ Bibw kzmw -io -I-cn -® -Xns‚

ASnÿm\Øn¬ Cu Imhy`mKw hmbn°m\mhiys∏Smw. ITn\]ZßfpsS

A¿Y߃ ]pkvXIØnep≈Xp {i≤n°m≥ Hm¿an∏n°pIbpamhmw. Cu c≠p

IhnXIfpsS {]tXyIXIƒ, {]Xn]mZyw N¿®bn¬ hcmhp∂ Nne

A`n{]mb߃

$ c≠p IhnXIƒ°pw Xangv `mjsbmSp kmZriyw D≠v.

$ C∂p `mjbn¬ {]tbmKØnen√mØ ]Z߃ ImWp∂p≠v.

$ cmaNcnXØnse `mjbn¬\n∂p hyXymkap≈ `mj IÆ»∑mcn¬

ImWmw.

$ Xncn-¥v, hcn-¥v, XpS-ßnb A\p-\m-kn-Im-Xn-{]-kcw h∂n-́ n-√mØ i_vZ-

߃.

$ {iocmaicta‰ cmhWt\mSv Xs∂°qSn arXyptemIØnte°p

sIm≠pt]mIm≥ "atfimZcn' Bhiys∏Sp∂XmWv cmaNcnX`mKØnse

{]Xn]mZyw.

\nßfpsS a{¥nam¿ Xs∂bmWv bYm¿Y i{Xp°ƒ F∂pw Ah¿ ]dbp∂Xp

tI´p {]hrØn XpS¿∂m¬ \miw Dd∏msW∂pw hn`ojW≥ cmhWt\mSp

]dbp∂XmWv c≠mw`mKsØ {]Xn-]m-Z-yw.

DØc߃ t{ImUoIcn®Xn\ptijw ]mT`mKsØbpw CXnsebpw `mjIƒ

XmcXayw sNbvXp {Kq∏pN¿®hgn Ipdn∏mbn AhXcn∏n°s´. hcm\nSbp≈

Bib߃.

$ aebmf`mjbpsS ]cnh¿Ø\L´Øns‚ kqN\IfmWv

cmaNcnX`mKØnep≈Xv. Xan-gn\v {]mapJyap≠v

58

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ IÆ»∑m¿ Xangn¬\n∂pw `mj-bpsS tamN\Øn\v B°w Iq´n.

$ Fgp-Ø-—-\n-se-Øp-tºmƒ X¬`hßfpsSbpw X¬k-a-ß-fpsSbpw

HuNnXy ]q¿hamb {]tbm-K-kpJw

$ {]uVamb `mj

$ A\p\mknImXn{]kcw - ---̨ h∂ cq]-߃

A`n{]mb߃ hniIe\w sNbvXp Ip´nIƒ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°s´ Ahbn¬

NneXp ¢mkn¬ AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬Imw.

apØp-a-Wn-Iƒ

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

\mep-h-cn-I-fn¬ Ihn-X- N-a-bv°p∂ cN-\m-Nm-Xpcn "ap‡I' {]ÿm-\-Øns‚

IcpØpw khn-ti-j-Xbpambn-cp∂p. 19˛mw \q‰m-≠mWv ae-bmf ap‡-I-ß-fpsS

]q°mew. Hcp t«mI-Øn¬ Bibw ]q¿Øn-bm-hp∂p F∂Xpw kwkvIr-X-hr-

Ø-Øn¬ Nn -́s∏-SpØn F∂Xpw Bkzm-Z-Isc Gsd BI¿jn® LS-I-ß-fm-

bn-cp-∂p.

{]kn-≤-amb c≠p ap‡-I-߃ BWv ]mT-̀ m-K-ambn sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. cma-

]p-c-Øp- hm-cy-cpsS ap‡-I-amWv BZy-tØ-Xv. Xs‚ ho´nse IjvSm-hÿ kqNn-

∏n-®p-sIm≠v Ihn, am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ω alm-cm-Pm-hn\p ka¿∏n® ]Zy-am-Wn-Xv.

Xs‚ hoSv `mK-h-Xw-t]m-se-bmsW∂mWv Ihn ]d-bp-∂-Xv. `mK-hXw ]pcm-

W-{K-Ÿ-am-Wv. hoSpw ]pcm-W(-]p-cm-X-\w)-am-Wv. B ]pcmW {]kn-≤-amb "`mK-

hXw' hmbn-°p-∂-h¿°p `uXn-I-amb PohnXIma\ C√m-Xmbn "hnc‡n' F∂

Ahÿ ssIh-cn°mw. F∂m¬ Xs‚ hoSp ImWp-∂-h¿°p shdp-∏mWv D≠m-

Ip-I. c≠pw Hcp-t]mse Ihn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. `mK-hXw A¿Y-k-º-∂-amWv

AXm-bXv Bi-b-k-ar-≤-am-Wv. hoSm-Is´ Xosc Zcn-{Z-hpw. [z\ym-fl-I-amb

CØcw {]tbm-K-ß-fpsS Bg-Øn-ep≈ hni-I-e-\w-IqSn ChnsS km[yam-hp-

∂p-≠v. "A¿Yw' F∂ hm°ns‚ t«jm-e-¶m-c-{]-tbm-Khpw Gsd {]m[m-\y-

a¿ln-°p-∂p.

B -́°-Y-I-fpsS Xºp-cm-\mb tIm´bØp Xºp-cm≥ ap‡-I-{]-ÿm-\-Øn\pw

Xt‚-Xmb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬Inb Ihn-bm-Wv. At±-l-Øns‚ ap‡-I-amWv

c≠m-a-Xmbn ]Tn-°m-\p-≈-Xv. BIm-i-Ønse kpμ-c-amb ImgvN-Iƒ ImWp-∂-

Xn-\p-th≠n Xpbn-ep-W-cm≥ Ihn Xr®w-_cw t£{X-Ønse tZh-t\mSv A`y¿Yn-

°p-∂-XmWv Cu ap‡-I-Ønse {]ta-bw. Gsd at\m-l-c-amb Hcp {]`m-X-

59

Imhy-]¿hw

h¿W-\-Iq-Sn-bm-Wn-Xv. aq∂p ZriyNn{X-ß-fn-eqsSbpw Hcp {imhym-\p-`-h-Øn-

eqsSbpw s]men-a-bp≈ ]pe-cn-bpsS ImgvN Ihn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. kqtcym-

Z-b-k-a-bØv DZ-b-Kncn Nph-∂pXpSpØp \n∂p, Xma-c-sam-´p-Iƒ ]p©ncn-

XqIm\pw XpSßn. cmhp apgp-h≥ kqcys\°mWmsX hnclZpxJw A\p-̀ -hn°p-

I-bm-Wt√m Xma-c-sam-́ p-Iƒ. N{μ≥ kmh-[m-\-Øn¬ ad-bp-∂p. iwJ\mZhpw

tIƒ°p-∂p-≠v. Cu at\m-l-c-Zr-iy-Øn\p km£n-bm-hm-\mWv Ihn tZh-t\mSp

]d-bp-∂-Xv. efn-X-amb hm°p-IƒsIm≠p thdn-́ - `m-h-\m-hn-em-k-ß-fn-eqsS \S-

Øp∂ Bflm-hn-jvImcw Xs∂-bm-Wn-Xv. A°m-esØ A£-c-t«mI kZ- p-

I-fnse \nc-¥-c-km-∂n-[y-am-bn-cp∂p CØcw ap‡-I-߃.

]T\{]h¿Ø\߃

Ihn Xs‚ hoSns\ `mKhXtØmSv D]an®Xnse HuNnXyw hnhcn°pI.

]mT`mKØnep≈ BZysØ ap‡Iw Ip´nIƒ hmbn°s´. H‰bv°pw

Iq´ambpw hmbn°m≥ Ahkcw sImSp°mw. AXnse Bibw

AhXcn∏n°m≥ Bhiys∏Smw.

$ ]pcmW {]kn≤amb `mKhXhpw IhnbpsS hoSpw BWv ChnsS hnjbw.

$ hoSns\ `mKhXtØmSp kmZriys∏SpØnbncn°p∂p

$ `mKhXw A¿Y (Bib) kº∂amWv.

$ Xs‚ hoSmIs´ A¿Y (kºØv) clnXhpamWv.

$ `mKhXw hmbn®p]Tn°p∂h¿°p `uXnItamlßfn¬ \n∂p

hnc‡nbp≠mIp∂p.

$ Xs‚ hoSv ImWpsºmgpw AXns‚ AhÿI≠p hnc-‡n-bmWv (shdp∏v)

D≠mIpI.

Bib߃ t{ImUoIcn°m≥ So®¿ DNnXambn CSs]SWw.

sNw_tcit\mSp IhnbpsS {]m¿Y\ F¥mWv? {]`m-X-Ønse

{imhym\p`-h-ambn Ihn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX-¥mWv?

]mT`mKsØ c≠masØ ap‡Iw Ip´nIƒ `wKnbmbn hmbn°s´

t«mIØns‚ Bibw FgpXm≥ Hmtcm Ip´nsbmSpw Bhiys∏Smw. Ahbn¬

NneXp ¢mkn¬ AhXcn∏n°m≥ Ahkcw \¬IpI. AhXcn∏n®pIgn™m¬

DNnXamb ]qcn∏n°epIƒ So®¿°v \SØmhp∂XmWv. hcm\nSbp≈

Bib߃.

$ CsXmcp {]`mX h¿W\bmWv.

$ aq∂p ZriyNn{Xßfpw Hcp {imhyNn{Xhpw ImWmw.

60

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ BImiØnse ImgvNIƒ ImWp∂Xn\pth≠n Xr®w_csØ tZhs\mSp

Ihn Bhiys∏Sp∂p.

Ip´n°vtamlw apXn¿∂-h-\m-Ip-hm≥

Ip´n-bm-bvØo-cm≥ apXn¿∂-h¿°pw

Xm\m-bn-Ø-s∂-bn-cn-°p-hm-\m¿°p-sam˛

cm{Klw ImWp-∂n√ PKØn¬

Ip™pÆn

`mjbnse apØpaWnIfmWv ap‡I߃. ap‡Ißsf°pdn®p≈ Cu

hntijWw apIfn¬ sImSpØ hcnIfpw ]mT`mKhpw ASnÿm\am°n

]cntim[n®p Ipdn∏v Xbmdm°pI.

tNmZyØnse IhnXm`mKw Ip´nIƒ sNm√s´. Hmtcm s_©nsebpw Ip´nIƒ

Cu IhnX sNm√s´. Cu IhnXbnse Bibw Is≠Øm≥ BZyw Ip´nItfmSv

Bhiys∏Smw. NneXp Ip´nIƒ AhXcn∏n°s´. hcm\nSbp≈ Nne

Bib߃

$ Ip´n°v thKw hepXmhWw F∂mWv Nn¥

$ hepXmb Hcmƒ°v Ip´nsbt∏mse BIm\mWv tamlw

$ Ip´n-bm-hptºmƒ Ip´n-bm-bn´pw hep-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ B Ah-ÿ-bnepw

Pohn°m≥ Cu temIØv B¿°pw tamlw C√.

$

Cu BibtØmsSm∏w Ip™pÆnbpsS ckIcamb Nne IhnXIƒ IqSn

Ip´nIsfmSp sNm√m≥ Bhiys∏Smw. sNm√ns°mSp°mw. Cu IhnXbpw

ap‡IßfpsS amXrI ]n¥pScp∂pt≠m? Aßs\sb¶n¬ ap‡IßfpsS

s]mXp kz`mh߃ Fs¥√mamWv?

$ HcmibØns‚ `wKnbmb BhnjvImcw \mephcnbneqsS km[n°p∂p.

$ GIm-{K-amb `mhw

$ sNdp-Xns‚ kuμcyw

apØpaWnIƒ s]mXpth sNdpXpw tim`bp≈Xpw BI¿jIhpw BWt√m,

AXpt]mseØs∂ ap‡Ißfpw. Cu Bibw Ip´nIƒ {i≤n°s´. H∏w

ap‡IßfpsS XpS¿® ]n¬°m-eØpw ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬ ImWmsa∂p

Ip´nIƒ Xncn-®-dnbs´. Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ap‡Iw ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-

∏n-°mw.

$ IØn-s∏m--´n-s∏m-cn™s∏mcn-I-\¬ NnXdpw

61

Imhy-]¿hw

]´-S-Øo-bn-etºm!

\rØw XØn-Ø-I¿s°, ∏S -I-en- I-bdn

t{]m{K-lmkw apgs°

sR´n-sØm-´n¬°-I-Øn-ße-ap-dbnSpan

t∏Sn-am-dmØ ]mhw

Ip´n-°-Ωn-™-tb-Im≥ hcn-I- Z-b-Npc˛

s∂≥s]cp-¶m-fn-btΩ! - (am\-km-¥cw ˛ _me-N{μ≥

Np≈n-°mS v)

CXnse {]ta-bhpw Ah-X-c-W-co-Xnbpw N¿®-sN-øpI

]mT-]p -kvX-I-Ønse c≠v, \mev ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Htc

]T\{]h¿Ø\-ambn ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

DZ-bsØ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ GsXms° hkvXp-Xm-h¿W-\-I-fmWv Ihn D]tbm-

Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv? Ah-bn¬ ImgvNm-\p-̀ -h-ßfpw {imh-ym-\p-̀ -h-ßfpw hnZ-ym¿∞n-

Iƒ th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°s´.

{]`m-X-Ønse ImgvNm\p-̀ -h-߃ GsX-√m-am-Imw.

$ DZ-b]¿hXw Nph-∂p.

$ kqc-y-_nw_w hnf-ßp-∂p.

$ Xma-c-sam-́ p-Iƒ hnS¿∂p ]p©ncn ]c-°p-∂p.

$ N{μ≥ ]Xnsb AkvX-an-°p-∂p. ambp-∂p.

{imhy-m-\p-`-h-߃ GsX√mw

$ apg-ßn-t°ƒ°p∂ iwJ-\mZw

Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

GsX-¶nepw Hcp ImgvN-bneqsStbm i_vZ-Øn-eq-sStbm {]`m-Xm-\p-̀ hw h¿Wn-

°p-I-bmtWm Ihn sNøp-∂Xv? Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-{]mbw ]d-b-s´.

kqc-y≥, N{μ≥, Xmac, DZb]¿h-Xw, iwJ-\mZw F∂n-h-bmWv {]`m-XsØ

h¿Wn-°m≥ Ihn Iq´p-]n-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]t£ Hmtcm-∂n-s\bpw hnkvX-cn®p

h¿Æn®p t]mhp-I-b√ sNøp-∂-Xv. Ch-sbms° Iq´n-bn-Wßn BIm-i-Ønepw

`qan-bnepw {]`mXw krjvSn-°p∂ kuμ-c-ym-Xn-tcIw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv

Cu t«mI-Øn-eqsS Ihn. H‰t«mI-Øn-eqsS ]e A\p-̀ -h-ßsf HuNn-Xy]q¿Δw

tbmPn-∏n®p kpμ-chpw ]q¿W-hp-amb Hcp h¿W\ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv ChnsS

sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv

62

So®¿ sSIvÃv

im¥w IcpWw

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

Im¬∏\nI Imhy-k-c-Wnbpw Jfi-Imhy {]ÿm-\hpw ae-bm-fn°p kΩm-

\n® Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ IcpW-bnse Ah-km-\-̀ m-K-amWv Cu ]mTw. Ic-N-c-W-

ß-f‰v amwk-]n-fi-ambn InS-°p∂ hmk-h-Z-Ø-bpsS Acn-In-te°v D]-Kp-]vX≥

hcp-∂-XmWv kμ¿`w. B k-a-bØv bap-\m-\-Zn-bn¬ Cfw-Im-‰-Sn®p Xnc-Iƒ

CfIn. Ac-bm-ens‚ sImºp Nen®p, H∏w B acØn¬\n∂p tZh∑m-cpsS

kw`m-j-Whpw tIƒ°m≥ XpS-ßn. hmk-h-Z-Øsb tam£-am¿§-Øn-te°p

sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ h∂ tZh≥am-cpsS k√m-]-am-bn-cn-°-Ww B a¿acw F∂p

Ihn D¬t{]-£n-°p-∂Xv {]tXyIw {it≤-b-am-Wv. DS-s\-Øs∂ kqcys‚ c≠p

\o≠ civan-Iƒ `qan-bn-te°p XmWp-h-∂p. B Inc-W-߃ AXn-a-t\m-l-c-hpw

kz¿Wabhp-amb Hcp tImWn D≠m-°n. hmk-h-Z-Ø-bpsS B ka-bsØ

a\ v Bhn-jvI-cn-°pIbmWv Ihn Cu c≠v D¬t{]-£-Ifn-eqsS F∂p ]d-

bmw. IuXp-I-sØmSpw AZv̀ p-X-sØmSpw ]p©n-cnsbmSpw IqSn Ah-fXp t\m°n.

Ah-fpsS apJw {]k-∂-ambn; Gsd im¥-am-bn. apI-fn-ep≈ temIw (D]-cn-

tem-Iw) ImWm-\p≈ B{Klw sIms≠-∂-t]mse Ah-fpsS ]IpXn AS™

IÆp-Iƒ Xmt\ tatem´p s]mßn. "D¬t{]£' F∂ Ae-¶m-c-Øns‚ ka¿Y-

amb D]-tbmKw Chn-sSbpw IrXy-ambn ImWmw.

F√m Aip≤ hkvXp-°-sfbpw ip≤o-I-cn-°m-≥ Ign-hp-≈-Xp-sIm-≠mWv A·n

]mh-I-\mbXv. Aß-s\-bp≈ A√tbm At·, \o hnP-bn-°p-∂p. \in-®p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu P¥p-temIw C∂-s√-¶n¬ \msf \ns∂ tXSn-h-cpw. GXns\

Zln-∏n-°Ww F∂pw GXns\ Zln-∏n-°≠ F∂pw (]mI-hn-⁄m-\w) \n\-°-

dn-bmw. IØn-s√∂v Adn-bm-hp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v \\™ ]™nsb \o sXmSn-√.

F∂m¬ NqSp-sIm≠p hc-≠p-W-ßnb hmg-ssØ-sbtbm, hmg-t∏m-fsbtbm

I¿∏q-c-°-´sbt∏mse \o Zln-∏n-°p-∂p. ChnsS hmk-h-Z-Ø-bpsS tam£-

e_v[n-bmWv {]kvXpXw. ]d-tb≠Xp ]d-bmsXXs∂ ]d-tb-≠-Xns‚

kmwKXyw hmb-\-°m-c-\nep-≠m-°p∂ A{]-kvXpXm-{]iwkme¶mcØns‚

{]tbm-Khpw ChnsS `wKn-bmbn \n¿h-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

tam£w (\n¿hm-Ww) t\Snb Xs‚ kzman-\nsb t\m°n hmk-h-Z-Ø-bpsS

tXmgn Dds° Ic-bp-∂p. AXp-hsc [ym\-\n-a-·-\m-bn-cp∂ D]-Kp-]vX≥ kam-

[n-bn¬ \n∂p-W¿∂p tXmgnsb Biz-kn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw Ah-cn-cp-

hcpw IqSn ]e ÿe-Ømbn InS-∂n-cp∂ hmk-h-Z-Ø-bpsS Ah-b-h-߃ F√mw

FSpØv bap\m \Zo-Xo-c-Øn-\-cn-In¬ Hcn-SØp NnX-Iq´n AXn¬ Zln-∏n-°p∂p.

63

Imhy-]¿hw

Ic™p Ic™v Ah-i-bmb tXmgnsb D]-Kp-]vX≥ ]eXpw ]d™v Biz-kn-

∏n-®p. Xpd∂ IÆp-I-tfmsS D]-Kp-]vX≥ hmk-h-Z-Ø-bpsS NnX-bnse `kva-°q-

ºmcw t\m°n \n∂p. hmk-h-Z-Øsb aYp-c-bnse apJy-Im-a-\o-bIw F∂mWv

hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. B _p≤-̀ n-£p-hns‚ IÆn¬\n∂v Hcp Xp≈n IÆp-\o¿

s\√n-°- t]mse B `kva-°q-ºm-c-Øn¬ AS¿∂p hoWp. Cu {]]©w ZpxJa-

b-am-sW∂ kXyw (ZpxJk-Xyw) Adn-bm-hp∂ At±lw k¶Sw sIm≠p Ic™-

X-√. AXp-t]mse Hcp Imcyw sNbvXm¬ ]e¿°pw D≠m-Im-hp∂ Bfl-kw-

Xr-]vXn-bn¬ \n∂v D≠mb B\-μ-°-Æp-\ocpw A√ AXv. ImcWw Hcp

lrZbmephpw kl-Po-hn-bpsS ac-W-Øn¬ kt¥m-jn-°-bn-√-t√m. hmk-h-Z-

Øbv°p tam£w \¬Im≥ h∂Xns‚ e£yw k -̂e-am-b-Xn-ep≈ AZv̀ p-X-

Øn¬\n∂v D≠m-b-Xp-a√ B IÆp-\o¿. AKm-[-amb Icp-W-bp-sS Pem-i-b-

Øn-\-Sn-bn¬ ]mIwh∂ {]Im-i-am-\-amb apØpaWn-bmWv B IÆp-\o¿. cq]-

Im-e-¶mcw ChnsS Ip´n-Isf Hm¿an-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xm≥ \n¿h-ln® al-

Ømb Cu Imcy-sØ-°p-dn®v ISp-Ip-a-Wn-tbmfw Alw-̀ mhw C√msX D]-Kp]vX≥

Xm≥ h∂ hgn-sb-Xs∂ aS-ßn-t∏m-bn. t]mIp-∂ -h-gn-bn¬ Nn¥m-a-Kv\-\m-bn-

´mWv ImW-s∏-́ -Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ hfsc kmh-[m-\-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p At±-

l-Øns‚ bm{X-bpw. Nn¥ F¥p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂pw F¥m-bn-cp∂p Nn¥n-

®n-cp-∂Xv F∂pw hmb-\-°m-c\v Duln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Fs¥mcp th-K-Øn-

emWv kqcy-\n¬\n∂p IS-s]m´n ]d-s∂-Ønb IXn-cp-t]mse D]-Kp-]vX≥

h∂Xv. aS-ßn-t∏m-btXm Nn¥-bn¬ apgp-In- hfsc kmh-[m-\-Øn-epw.

"IcpW' Fgp-Xm≥ alm-I-hnsb t{]cn-∏n® B¥-cn-I-amb hnIm-c-sa-s¥∂p

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv Ah-km-\sØ \mep- h-cn-Iƒ. A√tbm alm-\p-̀ m-h-

\mb D]-Kp]vXm, Atßbv°p \a-kvIm-cw. Aßv Hcp km[m-cW _p≤-̀ n-£p-

hns\t∏mse \n¿hm-W-Øn¬ apgp-ImsX temI-tk-h-\-Øn\p ho≠pw

h∂mepw. A\m-Y-cpw ic-W-an-√m-Øhcpw k¶-S-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-amb Pohn-I-fn¬

"IcpW' ImWn-°p∂ Aß-sb-t∏m-ep≈ Gsd ]p{X-∑msc Cu `qao-tZ-hn°v

C∂v Bh-iy-ambn h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. P\kmam-\y-Øns‚ Db¿®-bv°mbn Xs‚

X] v D]tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ønb D]Kp-]vX-s\-t∏m-se, temI-tk-h-\-Øn\p alØzw

I¬∏n-°p∂ [mcmfw D]-Kp-]vX-∑msc `qan-°p Bh-iy-ap≠v. am\-h-tk-h-bmWv

bYm¿Y Cuiz-c-tkh F∂ Z¿i\w Xs∂-bmWv Icp-W-bn-se Cu Bi-b-

Øn-eq-sSbpw Bim≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂sX∂p \n wibw ]d-bmw. \tXm∂X

AYhm h©n-∏m´p hrØ-Øn¬ Fgp-Xnb Hcp ImhyamWnXv.

Aa-c-k-√m]w ˛ tZh-∑m-cpsS kw`m-jWw

`m\p-In-cWw ˛ kqcy-In-cWw

I\-I\nt{iWn ˛ kz¿Æ-a-b-amb tImWn

64

So®¿ sSIvÃv

Aa-e-hn-kvabw ˛ \n¿a-e-amb AZv̀ pXw

Du¿[z-tem-I-Zn-Zr£ ˛ apI-fnse temIw ImWm-\p≈ B{Klw

]mh-I≥ ˛ F√m-‰n-s\bpw ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-h≥ (A·n)

]mI--hn-⁄m\w ˛ GXn-s\-bmWv ip≤o-I-cn-t°-≠Xv F∂-Xn-s\-°p-

dn-®p≈ Adnhv

\iy PohtemIw ˛ \in®psIm≠ncn°p∂ PohnIfpsS Cu temIw

XqeIWw ˛ ]™nbpsS IjWw

_mecw` ˛ ssXhmg/ hmgssØ

I¿∏qcJfiw ˛ I¿∏qc°´

A¥ am[n ˛ a\ am[n

D]Nbn® ˛ tiJcn®

`kvaIZw_w ˛ `kva°qºmcw

shÆodv ˛ Nmº¬

BaeIo^ew ˛ s\√n°

DXvISw ˛ h¿[n®Xv

Xn‡w ˛ Ibv∏p≈Xv

DXv{IaWw ˛ Du¿[ztemIKXn, acWw

tamZn°m ˛ kt¥mjn°n√

ap‡m^ew ˛ apØpaWn

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

D]-Kp-]vXs‚ hc-hns\ A·n-bp-ambn _‘n-∏n-®-Xns‚ kmwKXyw

Is≠Øn hni-Zo-I-c-W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.

]mh-I \o Pbn-°p∂p F∂pXpS-ßp∂ ̀ mKw Hcp Xh-W-IqSn So®¿°v sNm√mw.

B `mKw ho≠pw Ip´n-I-tfmSv sNm√m≥ Bh-iy-s∏Smw. e`n® Bi-b-߃

Ip´n-Iƒ Ipdn°-s´.

$ A·n F√m-‰n-s\bpw ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ \in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ P¥p-temIw C∂-s√-¶n¬ \msf A·nsb tXSn-

sb-Øpw.

$ GXns\ Zln-∏n-°Ww F∂p IrXy-amb [mcW A·n-°p-≠v.

$ IØn-s√∂v Adn-bm-hp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v \\™ ]™nsb A·n sXmSm-dn√.

$ NqSp-sIm≠p hc-≠p-W-ßnb hmg-t∏m-fsb/ssXhmgsb A·n Zln∏n°pw.

65

Imhy-]¿hw

D]-Kp-]vXs‚ hc-hn-s\-bm-Wt√m A·n-bp-ambn _‘n-∏n-®n-́ p-≈-Xv. AXv F¥n-

\m-bn-cn-°pw? So®¿ tNmZn-°-s´. Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-bp∂ DØ-c-߃ as‰mcp Ip´n

t_m¿Un¬ Ipdn-°-s´.

$ A·n-bpsS [¿aw ip≤o-I-cn-°pI F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.

$ ]mI-hn-⁄m\w kn≤-amb A·n ChnsS D]-Kp-]vX≥ Xs∂.

$ hmk-h-Z-Ø°v \n¿hmWw \¬Im-\m-bp≈ D]-Kp-]vXs‚ hchv ChnsS

\nd-™p-Im-Wmw.

$ X]- psIm≠p X]n-°p∂ Bfm-Wv Cu _p≤-̀ n-£p.

$ ]mI-hn-⁄m\w A·n-°p-≈-Xp-t]mse, Bsc GXp ka-b-ØmWv

ImtW≠Xv. Ft∏m-gmWv tam£w \¬tI-≠-Xv F∂ ⁄m\w D]-Kp-]vX-

\p-ap-≠v.

Bi-b-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ D]-Kp-]v-Xs‚ hc-hns\ A·n-bp-ambn _‘n-∏n-®-

Xns‚ kmwKXyw Ip´n-Iƒ Ipdn-∏mbn Fgp-X-s´.

A¥-co£h¿Æ-\-bn-eqsS D]-Kp-]vXs‚ `mhw Ihn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-

∂-sX-ß-s\-sb∂∂p hnh-cn-°p-I.

D]-Kp-]vXs‚ hc-h-dn-bn-°p∂ BZy-̀ mKw hy‡nKX-ambn ho≠pw hmbn-°m≥

Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. hmbn-®-t∏mƒ In´nb Bi-b-߃ -Ipdn-°-s´. Ah AtX

s_©nse a‰p Ip´n-I-fp-ambv N¿® sNøm-\p≈ Ah-kcw IqSn \¬Ip-I. N¿®-

Iƒ°v tijw Hmtcm s_©nse Hmtcm Ip´n-hoXw Bi-b-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°s´ hcm≥ km[y-X-bp≈ Bi-b-߃.

$ bap\m\Zn-bn¬ Cfw Im‰-Sn®p Xnc-Iƒ Ae-X-√p-∂p.

$ Ac-bm-ens‚ sImºn-f-Ip-∂p.

$ B a-c-Øn¬\n∂v tZh-∑m-cpsS kw`m-jWw tIƒ°mw.

""{]nb-samgn h\tZh-tcm-XnSpw t]m¬

kzb-aY s]mßn It]m-X-lqX-tLmjw

{]nb-\psS IY-t]m¬ {]hr-≤-cmKw

Ipbn-ep-Iƒ ]mSn IqlqIplq\n\mZw

Afn-]-S-en-Iƒ aqfn c{‘-taepw

apf-Iƒ acp-Øn-ep-e™p sas√-bqXn

Xfn¿ \nc arZp-Xm-f-ta-In-tbhw

If-I-f-am-bXn taml\w h\-Øn¬''

************************************

66

So®¿ sSIvÃv

""{]Wb\n`r-X-NnØaß-\-ßm˛

XnW-Isf t\m°n arK-ß-sfms° \n∂p;

KW-sam-Sp-]-X-K-߃ ]mXn-]mSn˛

£W-a-dn-bm-sX-bn-cp∂p imJn-tXmdpw.

NSp-e-e-X-I-fm-Sn-SmsX Nm™m

hnS-]n-Iƒta-e-\p-aq¿—bm¿∂p\n∂p

AS-hn-b-[nIau\-am¿∂p tafw

QSpXn \nd-p-Ønb cwK-̀ q-an-t]mse''.

(Ipam-c-\m-im≥ ˛ eoe)

`¿Ør-a-c-Wm-\-¥cw aZ\s\ At\z-jn®p Im´n¬ tXmgn-tbm-sSm-∏w eoe-

Ae-bp-tºm-gp≈ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS `mhw Cu hcn-I-fn¬ ImWmw.

Cu Imhy-̀ m-K-߃ Ip´n-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-°p-a-t√m.

Bi-b-߃ t{ImUo-I-cn®p Ipdn-∏mbn Fgp-Xm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNømw.

D]-Kp-]vX\pw hmk-h-Z-Øbpw \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-∑m-sc∂ \ne-bn¬

Htc hnXm-\-Øn¬ \nev°p∂ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fmtWm?

c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw Pohn-Xw, kmaqly ]Z-hn, am\-kn-Im-hÿ Ch ]cn-

K-Wn®v Hcp IYm-]m{X hni-I-e\w \S-Ø-s´.

$ c≠p-t]cpw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX¿

$ \mb-I≥ tbmKn, \mbnI hmcmw-K\

$ Hcmƒ `uXn-Im-k-‡n-I-fn¬ apßn \nev°p-∂-bmƒ, at‰-bmƒ taml-

hn-c‡n h∂-bmƒ

]mT-̀ m-KØv Cu c≠p IYm-]m-{X-ß-fp-ta-tXXp am\-kn-I-\n-e-I-fn-em-Wv.

hmk-h-Z-Ø-bpsS \ne ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´.

$ hmk-h-ZØ No¥n-sb-dn-b-s∏´ Nn{X-i-e-̀ sØt∏mse Zb-\o-b-\n-e-

bn¬.

$ `uXnI t\ -́ß-fpsS \nc-Y-IX Ct∏m-f-hƒ°v t_m[y-am-hp-∂p-≠v.

$ acWw ImØp-In-S-°p∂ Ahƒ ZpxJnX-b-√. ac-Wm-\-¥cw ip≤o-I-cn-

°-s∏´ as‰mcp Pohn-X-ap-s≠∂v Ahƒ Icp-Xp-∂p.

$ Aae hnkva-b-kvtac hZ-\, im¥ im¥-ambv F∂o hnti-j-W-߃

Ah-fpsS a\-kn-s\ {]Xn-̂ -en-∏n-°p-∂p.

D]-Kp-]vXs‚ khn-ti-j-amb am\-knI KXnbpw hy‡n-Xzhpw hni-I-e\w

67

Imhy-]¿hw

sNøs´

$ Pohn-X-Øn\pw ac-W-Øn\pa∏pdw \nev°p∂ I¿a-_-‘-ß-sf-°p-dn®v

D]-Kp-]vX-\-dn-bmw.

$ hmk-h-Z-Øsb Ah-fpsS Pohn-X-]-›m-Ø-e-sØm-sSm∏w Xs∂ Adn-

bm\pw Dƒs°m-≈m\pw tbmKn°p Ign-bp-∂p.

$ {]nb-s∏´ Hcm-fpsS ac-W-Øn-ep≈ thZ-\-bn¬ \n∂p-≠m-hp∂

km[m-c-W-amb IÆo-c√ tbmKn-bp-sS-Xv.

$ Xs‚ A\p-̀ m-h-]q¿W-amb CS-s]-S¬ sIm≠m-Wt√m hmk-h-ZØ

ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-́ -sX∂ IrXm¿∞-X-bp-a-√.

$ \nd™ Icp-W-bpsS IÆnse apØmWv B A{ip-I-Ww.

hni-I-e\ N¿®-bv°p-tijw c≠p IYm-]m-{X-ß-sfbpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv

Icp-W-bnse \mbnIm \mb-I-∑m-cpsS `mh khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v Hcp

Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.

""]XnXImcp-Wn-I-cmw `hm-Zr-i-kp-X-∑msc

£nXn-tZ-hn-°n∂p thW-a-[nIw t]sc''

[mcmfw D]Kp]vX∑msc `qan°p thWw F∂ Bims‚ \nco-£Ww "Kpcp-

k-∂n-[n-bn¬' F∂ Ihn-X-bnse Bi-b-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I.

]mT-̀ mKw Bkz-Zn®p Ign-™-t√m. C\n "Kpcp-k-∂n-[n-bn¬' hmbn-°m≥ Ip´n-

I-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. Ip´n-Iƒ hmbn®p Ign-™m¬ {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hns‚

Imew, {]h¿Ø-\-ta-J-e, kw`m-h-\-Iƒ F∂nh kmam-\y-ambn kqNn-∏n-°-

Ww. XpS¿∂v B Imhy-̀ mKw Ip´n-Iƒ Hcn-°¬ IqSn hmbn-°-s´. IhnX kwth-

Z\w sNøp-∂Xv Fs¥ms° Imcy-ß-fmWv. Ah-bn¬ NneXv Cß-s\-bm-hmw.

$ kmaq-ln-I, kmº-Øn-I, kmwkvIm-cn-I, cmjv{Sob Imc-W-ß-fm¬ Np´p-

s]m-≈p∂ tIc-f-]-›m-Ø-ew.

$ sNº-g-¥n-bnse sIm®p-Iq-c-bn¬ P\-\w.

$ PmXn-t -̀Zhpw aX-ssh-chpw Hgn-hm-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏´ Kpcp.

$ Hcp-a-bpsS s]cp-a ]mSnb Kpcp-tZ-h≥.

$ B Kpcp-hns‚ Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS IqsS ]q¿W-ambn k©-cn°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-

Xn-ep≈ Ihn-bpsS Ip‰-t_m-[w.

$ sFiz-cy-k-ar-≤n-bn¬ kXyw ad-∂-h¿ CXm Aß-bpsS apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-

°p-∂p.

68

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ Kpcp-hns‚ kq‡-ß-fn¬ \nd-s™m-gp-Ip∂ Z¿i-\-ß-fpw ktμ-i-ßfpw

tIc-fo-b¿ as‰-¥n-s\-°mfpw A[n-I-ambn a\- n-em-t°-≠h Xs∂-bmWv.

Cu Bi-b-߃ Hmtcm-∂mbn N¿®-sNbXp Ip´n-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´. N¿®-

bpsS Ah-km\w Bi-b-߃ t{ImUo-I-cn-°m≥ So®¿ klm-bn-°p-a-t√m. Cu

{]h¿Ø\w Ign-™m¬ ]mT-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-̀ m-KsØ hcn-I-fp-ambn Xmc-

Xayw sNøm≥ Ip´n-I-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Smw.

$ Icp-WbneqsS hmk-h-Z-Øsb \n¿hm-W-{]m-]vX-bm-°nb D]-Kp-]vX\pw

Kpcp-tZ-h\pw Htc- h-gn-°mWv k©-cn-®-Xv.

$ D]-Kp-]vX≥ hy‡n-°mWv tam£w \¬-In-b-sX-¶n¬ Kpcp Hcp kaq-l-

Øn-\msI DW¿hpw D≥ta-jhpw Db¿®bpw \¬In.

$ D]-Kp-]vX\pw Kpcp-tZ-h-\pw- ssI-ap-X-em-bp-≠mbn-cp∂ Imcp-Wy-amWv

\ap°n∂m-hiyw

Cu Bi-b-߃ Xmc-X-ayw sNbvXv Ipdn-∏m-°s´

hcn-I-f-S-ßp∂ Icp-W-bnse Imhy-̀ mKw hmbn-°s´

""All ! k¶-S-tam¿Øm¬ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-sØ-°mƒ

aln-bn¬ Zb-\o-b-ambv as‰-t¥m-∂p-≈p!

]pjvS-i‡nhln-°p-an∏-fp-¶p-]m{Xw hnc-em¬

ap´n-bm¬ aXn, Xhn-Sp-s]m-Sn-bm-at√m!

AXp-a√ hn]-Øp-I-f-dn-bp-∂n-√tlm a¿Øy≥

{]Xn-t_m-[-hm-\m-sW∂ ]cn-tam-l-Øm¬

Du‰am-tbm-cp-c-K-Øn≥ Npcp-fn-s\-bp-d-°-Øm¬

Im‰p-X-e-b-W-bmtb IcpXq t`mj≥''

a\pjy Pohn-X-Øns‚ Zb-\o-b-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Ihn-bpsS XØz-t_m-

[m-fl-Iamb Nn¥-sb-°p-dn®pw hni-Z-amb N¿® \S-Øs´.

$ temI-tØ-‰hpw Zb-\o-bX \nd™ {]Xn-̀ mkw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-as{X

$ Hcp ]fp-¶p--]m{Xw t]mse-bm-Ip∂p a¿Xy-Po-hnXw. AgIpw ÿnc-X-bp-

ap≈sX∂p tXm∂pw. sNdn-sbmcp Xt´m apt´m sIm≠m¬ Hcp

\nanjw-sIm≠v Xhn-Sp-s]m-Sn-bm-Ipw.

$ hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ hn]-Øp-I-sf-°p-dn®p a\p-jy-s\m-∂p-a-dn-bp-t∂-bn-√.

$ Dd-°-{`m-¥n¬ ITn-\-hn-j-ap≈ ]mºns\ Xe-bnWbm°p-∂-Xp-t]m-

69

Imhy-]¿hw

sebmWv a\p-jy-cpsS KXn-t_m-[-an-√mØ Pohn-Xw. F√mw Hcp

\nanjw-sIm≠v hn]-co-X-ambn amdn-a-dn-bmw.

hmk-h-Z-Ø-bpsS Pohn-X-]-cn-Wmaw Cu hcn-I-fpsS Bi-b-]-›m-Ø-e-

Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNø-s´.

$ Hcp ImeØv kuμ-cy-Øn-s‚bpw sFiz-cy-Øn-s‚bpw s\dp-I-bn¬;

At\Iw Bcm-[-Icpw

$ HSp-hn¬ cmP-in£tb‰v Ic-N-c-W-ßf‰v `oI-c-amb A¥yw; Hcp tXmgn-

b-√msX Iq´n-\m-cp-an-√. ivaim-\-Øn¬ A¥ywImØp≈ InS-∏v.

$ Pohn-X-Øns‚ \iz-c-Xbpw \n -lm-b-Xbpw Icp-W-bn-eqsS Ihn hnfw-

_cw sNøm≥ {ian-°p-∂p.

F¥mWv CXn-\-∏pdw Pohn-XsØ {]Im-i-s∏-S-Øp-∂-Xv.

$ kvt\lw, IcpW a\p-jy-_-‘-ß-fnse lrZyX F∂o aqey-ß-fn-ep≈

Bims‚ hnizmkw N¿®bv°p hnt[-b-am-°-s´. XpS¿∂v Bims‚

Pohn-X-Z¿i-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v {]_‘w Xbm-dm-°-s´.

ae-bm-f-K-Zy ]cn-Wmaw

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

ae-bm-f-Øn-s‚ KZy-]m-c-º-cy-Øn\v HºXmw iX-I-tØmfw ]g°w D≠v F∂p

ImWmw. ]m´pw aWn-{]-hm-fhpw Acßp XI¿Øm-Snb ImeØpXs∂

KZykmln-Xyhpw kPo-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xmfn-tbm-e-I-fnepw sNºp-X-In-Sp-I-fnepw

ine-I-fnepw Hs°-bmbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-h-bn¬ an°Xpw aebmf KZy-Øns‚

]q¿h-cq]-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p F∂p ImWmw. {]mNo-\-K-Zy-Øn¬ XpSßn `mj-bpsS

hf¿®m-L -́߃ Hmtcm-∂mbn efn-X-amb ̀ mj-bn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv F≥.

IrjvW-]n≈ "ae-bm-f-K-Zy-]-cn-Wmaw' F∂ teJ-\-Øn-eq-sS.

KZy-km-lnXyØn¬ G‰hpw ]g-°-ap≈Xmbn IW-°m°s∏-Sp∂ IrXn-bmWv

`mjm IuSn-eo-bw. IuSn-eys‚ A¿Y-im-kv{X-Øn\p ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Fgp-Xnb

hymJym-\-amWv {]kvXpX IrXn. A∂sØ hyh-lm-c-̀ m-j-bn¬ ]cn-h¿Ø\w

hcp∂ Ime-L´ØnemWv Cu {KŸ-Øns‚ cN\ \S-°p-∂-Xv. hymI-c-W-]-c-

amb XnI™ Ahy-hÿ A°m-esØ `mj-bv°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠p

Xs∂ Cu hyh-ÿ-bn-√mbva "IuSn-eob'Øns‚ `mjm-{]-tbm-K-Øn¬ ImWmw.-

70

So®¿ sSIvÃv

IqØpw IqSn-bm-́ hpw Ac-ßp-W¿Øn-b- Im-eØp cq]w-sIm≠ KZyk{º-Zm-b-

Øns‚ ]I¿∂m-́ -ß-fmWv "B´{]Im-c'hpw "{Ia-Zo-]nI'bpw. `mj-bpsS KZy-

cq]-Øns‚ hnIm-k-Øn\v Cu Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS ]¶p sNdp-X-√. P\kmam-\y-

Øn\p ckn-°p∂ CØcw Iem-cq]߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb

e£W-{K-\v-Y-ßfpw D≠m-th-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp∂p. B Nn¥-bpsS

^eamWv ta¬∏-d™ c≠p ]pkvX-I-ßfpw.

{]mNo-\-X-sIm≠pw kmln-Xy-Kp-Ww-sIm≠pw {]m[m\ya¿ln-°p∂ Hcp KZy-

Ir-Xn-bmWv "ZqX-hm-Iyw'. alm-̀ m-cXw DtZym-K-]¿h-Ønse `K-h±q-XmWv Cu

IrXn-bnse {]Xn-]m-Zyw. aqe-Ir-Xn-bn¬ ImWmØ ]e Zo¿L-hn-h-c-W-ßfpw

Cu IrXn-bn¬ ImWmw. Cu Ime-L´w KZy-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ hf¿®-bpsS

Ime-am-sW∂p ]d-tb≠-Xn-√-t√m.

a[y-Ime ae-bm-f-K-Zy-Øns‚ {]mXn-\n[yw hln-°p∂ Hcp IrXn-bmWv

"{_“mfi-]p-cm-Ww'. kwkvIr-X-Ønse CtX t]cn-ep≈ {KŸØnse Hcp

`mK-Øns‚ hnh¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. kwkvIr-X-Øn-sebpw {Zmhn-U-Øn-sebpw F√m

h¿W-ßfpw {_“m-fi-]p-cm-W-Øn¬ ImWmw. tIc-f-]m-Wn\n ]d-bp∂ Bdp

\b-߃ GXm≠p {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xmbpw {i≤-bn¬s∏Spw. Cu {KŸ-Øn-

eqsS k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ. I¿Øm-hv, I¿aw, {Inb F∂ Nn´bpw CXn¬ ]men®ncn-

°p-∂-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw.

]m´pw aWn-{]-hm-fhpw IqSmsX kam-¥-c-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ H∂mWv \ºym-

¥-an-gv. hn -̀‡y¥ kwkvIr-X-]-Z-߃ C√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠p ̀ mj-sbt∂ tXm∂p

F∂p eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ CXnse ̀ mj-sb-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. \ºym-¥-angnse

`mj kzm`m-hn-I-amb Hcp an{i`mj-bmbn A\p-̀ -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]Z-ß-fpsS IqSn-

t®c-en¬ kzm`m-hnI an{i-Ww km[y-am-Ip-∂p≠v. 14˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ a[y-L´w

apX¬ 17˛mw \q‰m≠phsc-bp≈ `mjm-kw-{I-aWImesØ KZy-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬

\ºym-¥-an-gns‚ hnhn-[-cq-]-ß-fmWv ImWp-∂-sX∂p F≥. IrjvW-]n≈ kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

{InkvXp-aX {]Nmc-W-Øn-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ anj-W-dnam¿ aX-{]-Nmc-W-

Øn-\mbn hnhn[ `mj-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p.

t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS Imew apX¬ ]m›m-Xy-an-j-Wdn kº¿°wsIm≠v ae-

bmfØn¬ cq]w-sIm≠ {]tXy-I-amb Hcp `mjm-ssi-en-bmWv "anj-Wdn ae-

bmfw'

{^m≥knkv tdmkv, _©-an≥ s_bven, ¢a‚ v ]nbm-Zn-kv, sl¿a≥ Kp≠¿ v́,

tPmk v̂ ]o‰v XpS-ßn-b-h¿ tIc-f-Ønse `mjm-t -̀Z-߃ ]Tn-s®-Sp-°pI F∂

{ia-I-c-amb ZuXyw Gs‰-Sp-Øp. Kp≠¿´ns‚ `mjm-ssien {]mNo\ ae-bm-f-

71

Imhy-]¿hw

Ir-Xn-I-fp-am-bp-≠mb \nc-¥c kwk¿K-Øn¬\n∂mWp cq]w sIm≠Xv. CXns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv At±lw \nL≠p Xbm-dm-°n-bXpw. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ BZy-

ambn A®-Sn-°-s∏´ ¢a‚ v ]mXncn cNn® "kwt£-]-th-Zm¿Yw' {]tXyIw ]d-

tb-≠Xp Xs∂. CXv A®-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn tdman¬ t]mbn AhnsS h®v ae-

bm-f-en-]n- sIm-Øn-bp≠m-°nbXn\p tij-amWv A®Sn \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Aß-

s\-bmWv kwt£] thZm¿Yw hmb-\-°m-cn¬ FØp-∂-Xv. {InkvXp-a-X-X-Øz-

߃ ]q¿W-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ Cu {KŸw ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Øn\p F∂pw

Hcp apX¬°q-́ m-Wv. ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ bm{Xm-hn-h-cW {KŸ-amb ]mtd-

am-°¬ tXmam-°-Ø-\m-cpsS "h¿Ø-am-\-]p-kvX-I'-sØbpwIqSn ]cm-a¿in-®n-

´mWv teJ\w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv. ae-bmf KZy-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ XpS°w

apX-ep≈ Cu k©mcw Gsd BI¿jIw Xs∂.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

Ipdn-s∏-gp-XpI

Hmtcm-∂n-s\bpw Ipdn-®p≈ eLp hnh-cWw So®¿ \¬I-s´.

\ºym-¥-angv

$ ]m´n\pw aWn-{]-hm-f-Øn\pw kam-¥-c-ambn \ne--\n∂ `mjm-co-Xn.

$ IqØn\pw IYm-I-Y-\-Øn\pw D]-tbm-Kn® `mjm-co-Xn.

$ hn -̀‡y¥ kwkvIr-X-]-Z-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂n-√.

$ km[m-cW P\-߃°p IqSpX¬ kzoIm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

$ kzm`m-hnI an{i-W-̀ mj

$

$

ZqX-hmIyw

$ kwkvIr-X --\m-S-I-Øns‚ KZy-hn-h¿Ø\ {KŸw.

$ hf-sc-b-[nIw \of-ap≈ hmN-I-ßfmWv ImWp-∂-Xv.

$ kwkvIr-X-]-Z-߃ [mcmfw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-́ p-≠v.

$ ]Xn-\memw \q‰m-≠n¬ cNn® IrXn-bm-Wn-Xv.

72

So®¿ sSIvÃv

h¿Ø-am-\-]p-kvXIw

$ ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ bm{Xm-hn-h-cW {KŸ-am-Wn-Xv.

$ tXmam°-Ø-\mcpw butk∏v sa{Xm\pw IqSn \S-Ønb bm{X-bpsS

hnhcWw.

$ tdman-te-°p≈ bm{X-bmWnXnse {]Xn-]mZyw

$ 1778 emWv Cu bm{X.

$

Cu Bi-b-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Hmtcm-∂n-s\-°p-dn®pw eLp-Ip-dn-∏p-≠m-

°m\pw Ahsb°pdn®v IqSp-X¬ hmbn-°m\pw Bh-iy-s∏-Smw.

$ {KŸ-h-cn-Iƒ F∂m-se¥v?

]mT-̀ m-KØv {KŸ-h-cn-I-sf-°p-dn®p ]d-bp∂ `mKw Is≠Øn hmbn-°m≥ Ip´n-

I-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. Bi-b-߃ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ip´n-Iƒ Fgp-Xn Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°-s´. Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬ hcm≥ km[y-X-bpff Nne Bi-b-߃.

$ henb Xd-hm-Sp-Iƒ, t£{X-߃, tImhn-e-I-߃ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse

kw`hßfpw a‰p hnh-c-ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ k{º-Zmbw D≠v.

$ CØcw hnh-c-߃ FgpXn kq£n-°p-∂-Xns\ {KŸ-h-cn-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-

°p-∂p.

$ sIm®n, sImSp-ß-√q¿ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse {KŸ-h-cn-Iƒ Gsd {it≤-b-ß-

fm-Wv.

$ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw {io]-fl-\m-̀ -kzm-an-t£-{X-Øn¬ 14˛mw \q‰m-≠p-ap-X-ep≈

{KŸ-h-cn-Iƒ kq£n-®n-́ p-≠v.

Cu Bi-b-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Ip´n-Iƒ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°s´

KZy-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ kwt£-]-th-Zm¿YØns‚ {]m[m\yw

F¥v?

]mT-`m-KØv Cu {KŸsØ ]cm-a¿in°p∂ `mKw Is≠Øn hmbn-°m-\m-

hiy-s∏-Smw. Bi-b-߃ t\m´p-]pkvX-IØn¬ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-®vv ¢mkn¬

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°s´.

$ tIc-f-Øn¬ anj-Wdn {]h¿Ø\Øn-\mbn hntZin-Iƒ FØnb

ImeL´Øn¬ cNn-®-Xv.

$ {InkvXp-aX XØz-߃ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ anj-W-dn-am¿ Xt±-iob-`mj

]Tn®p.

73

Imhy-]¿hw

$ ¢a‚ v ]mXn-cn-bmWv "kwt£-]-th-Zm¿Yw'F∂ {KŸw cNn-®-Xv.

$ {InkvXp-aX XØz-ß-fmWv Cu IrXn-bnse {]Xn-]m-Zyw.

Bi-b-߃ t{ImUo-I-cn-°m\pw IqSp-X¬ Iq´n-t®¿Øv Bi-b߃ kar-≤-am-

°m\pw {ian-°p-at√m. AXn\p tijw Ip´n-Iƒ CXv Ipdn-∏m°s´.

Ip´n-Iƒ aq∂p hmI-y-ßfpw {i≤m-]q¿Δw hmbn-°-s´. A¿∞-]-c-

amb hy-X-ymkw N¿®-sNømw.

$ H∂m-asØ hmIyw Bi-b-]-c-ambn Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw Imc-y-amb Du-∂-en-

√mØ {]kvXm-h-\-bm-Wv.

$ c≠m-asØbpw aq∂m-asØbpw hmI-y-ß-fn¬ Nne Du∂-ep-Iƒ hcp-∂p.

$ c≠m-asØ hmI-y-Øns‚ A¿∞w:

km[m-cW Bi-b-ß-fn¬ Ihn-™h {]Im-in-∏n-°m≥ Cu tcJ-I-fnse

KZy-Øn\p Ign-bn-√ F∂m-Wv.

ChnsS B KZy-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-bmWv kqNn-X-am-hp-∂-Xv.

$ aq∂masØ hmIyw Cu tcJ-I-fnse KZ-y-Øn\v Cu tcJ-I-fnse KZ-y-

Øn\v am{Xta km[m-c-W-amb Bi-b-ßsf {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ ]‰p-I-bp≈q

F∂pw a‰p tcJ-I-fnse KZy-Øn\v AXn\p Ign-bp-I-bn√ F∂pw A¿∞w

hcp-∂p.

CXv Cu tcJ-I-fnse KZ-y-Øns‚ anI-hn-s\-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

$ c≠mw hmIyw Hcp ]cn-an-Xn-sb-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ aq∂m-asØ hmIyw

anI-hn-s\-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

$ A¿YXe-Øn¬ .hcp∂ henb hy-X-ym-k-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip-∂-sX¥v?

hnZ-ym¿Yn-Iƒ aq∂p hmI-y-Øns‚bpw LS\ ]cn-tim--[n-°-s´. "F' F∂ i_vZ-

Øns‚ {]tbm-K-Øn-ep≈ kμ¿` hy-X-ym-k-amWv C{Xbpw henb A¿Y

hyXymk-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

Ah-y-b-ß-fpsS {]tbm-K-Ønse kμ¿` hy-X-ymkw D®m-c-W-Ønse Du∂-

ens‚ G‰-°p-d-®n¬ F∂n-h-sb√mw Hcp hmI-y-Øns‚ A¿Y-Øn¬ henb hy-

Xymkw hcp-Øpw.

hnZ-ym¿Yn-I-fpsS {i≤ Ah¿ apºp ]Tn® A\p-I-ºm-Z-iIw F∂ Ihn-

X-bn-te°p sIm≠p-h-c-Ww. {io\m-cmb-W-Kpcp AXn-eq-∂-bn-°p∂ {][m\

Bi-b-߃ Fs¥√mw?

74

So®¿ sSIvÃv

Hm¿Ω-bn¬\n∂v Bi-b-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

$ A\p-I-º-bmWv G‰hpw al-Ømb am\-knI KpWw

$ A\p-I-º-b-dn-™m¬ F√m-a-dn-™p.

$ A\p-I-º-b-‰-h≥ Ccp-́ n-em-Wv.

$ kIe A⁄-Xbv°pw ImcWw A\-I-º-bn-√m-bva-bm-Wv.

$ A\p-I-º-bn-√mbva a\p-j-ys\ K‘-an-√mØ ]pjv]-Øn\pw acp-̀ q-an-bn¬

\njv̂ -e-am-Ip∂ Pe-Øn\pw Xpe-y-\m-°p-∂p.

Fgp-Ø—s‚ ]mT-̀ m-KsØ Bi-b-ßfpw Kpcp-hns‚ A\p-I-ºm-Z-i-I-Ønse

Bi-b-ßfpw XΩn¬ _‘n-∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv

Fgp-Ø-—≥ hn`o-j-W-ln-tXm-]-tZ-i-Øn¬ \¬Ip∂ Bi-b-߃ Fs¥√mw?

$ hn`o-j-W-ln-tXm-]-tZ-i-Ønse XtØzm]-tZ-i-Øn¬, A⁄X Imc-W-

ap≈ B]-Øp-I-sf-°p-dn®p ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-≠v.

$ cma-t\m-Sp≈ i{XpX Dt]£n-°m≥ hn`o-j-Ws\ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂p.

c≠p Ihn-X-I-fn-sebpw Bi-b-߃ Xmc-X-ayw sNbvXp-sIm≠v Hcp eLp

D]\-ymkw Xbm-dm-°-s´.

D]-\-ym-k-Øn¬ hcm-hp∂ Bi-b-߃

$ i{Xp-Xbpw hntcm-[hpw A⁄m\w sIm≠p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ Ah-bn-√m-Xm-bm¬ ssa{Xn-bp-sSbpw kvt\l-Øns‚bpw shfn-®-Øn-

seØmw.

$ i{Xp-°-sfm-Sp-t]mepw A\p-Iº ImWn-°p-∂-h-\mWv \√ a\p-j-y≥.

$ cmh-W≥ i{XpX ssIsh-Sn™p ssa{Xo-̀ m-h-tØmSpw A\p-I-º-sbm-Spw-

IqSn s]cp-am-dm≥ th≠n-bp-≈-XmWv hn`o-j-W-ln-tXm-]-tZ-iw.

Fgp-Xnb {]_-‘-߃ ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®p N¿® \S-Øp-Ibpw sNømw.

hntZ-i-]m-Xn-cn-am¿ ae-bm-f-̀ mjmKZ-y-Øn\p \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-I-sf-°p-

dn®v ]mT-̀ m-K-Øn-ep≈ kqN-\-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´. Ah-bn¬ kqNn-

∏n-°p∂ IrXn-I-sf-°p-dn®p IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ At\-z-jn-°s´.

\mep Kq∏pI-fm-°n-Øn-cn®v \mep IrXn-I-sf-°p-dn-s®-gp-Xm≥ Ah-kcw \¬Imw.

teJ-\-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°-s´.

$ tlm¿Øqkv ae-_m-dn-°kv (kk-y-im-kv{X-{KŸw)

$ kwt£-]-th-Zm¿Yw (A[ym-flnI {KŸw)

$ h¿Ø-am-\-]p-kvXIw (bm{Xm-hn-h-cW {KŸw)

75

Imhy-]¿hw

$ Kp≠¿ v́ \nL≠p (\nL≠p)

ae-bm-f-̀ m-jbv°pw kmln-X-y-Øn\pw Cu \mep {KŸ-߃ \¬Inb kw`m-h-

\-I-sf-°p-dn®v FgpXnb {]_-‘-߃ {Kq∏n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®p sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

AXn-\p-tijw s]mXp-hn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. XpS¿∂v anj-W-dn-amcpw ae-bm-

fhpw F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp ]Xn∏p Xbm-dm-°s´.

BZ-ysØ c≠p hmI-y-߃ hnZ-ym¿Yn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°-s´.

\ntj-[m¿Yw D≠m-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ i_vZw GXv?

$ C√.

Cu i_vZw IqSmsX ae-bm-f-̀ m-j-bn¬ \ntj-[m¿Yw kqNn-∏n-°m≥ D]-tbm-

Kn-°p∂ a‰p i_vZ-߃ GsX√mw? Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ A√, B F∂nh ae-bm-f-Ønse a‰p \ntj[ hmNn-I-ß-fmb i_vZ-ß-

fm-Wv. Ch-tbm-tcm∂pw GtXXp Xcw i_vZ-ß-tfm-sSm-∏-amWv IqSn-t®-cp-

∂-sX∂p Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´.

\ntj-[m¿Y cq]-amb "B' tNcp∂ DZm-l-c-W-߃ Is≠-Øm≥ Ip´n-I-tfmSv

Bh-i-y-s∏-Smw.

DZm. t]mIm, hcm

]g-b- a-e-bmf Imh-y-̀ m-j-bn¬ \ntj-[-cq-]-Øn¬ "B' tN¿∂ cq]-߃ Is≠-

Øm≥ ]d-bmw.

DZm. "KpWn-I-fq-gn-bn¬ \o≠p-hmgm' aq∂m-asØ hmIyw {i≤m-]q¿hw hmbn®v

LS-\-bnepw A¿Y-Øn-ep-ap≈ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´. "\¬Im-sX-

bn-cp-∂n√' F∂Xns‚ HSp-hn¬ "C√' F∂ \ntj-[-hm-Nn-bmb i_vZw tN¿Øn-

cn-°p-∂p. ChnsS \ntj-[m¿∞-a√ e`n-®Xv. D]-tZiw \¬In F∂p Xs∂-

bmWv A¿Y kqN-\. CØcw {]tbmK khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-

°p-I.

ae-bm-f-Ønse {]mNo-\-X-a-amb IrXn-bmWv cma-N-cn-Xw.

ae-bm-f-Ønse {]mNo-\-X-a-amb IrXn-I-fmWv cma-N-cn-Xhpw IÆ-»-cm-

am-b-Whpw.

Cu c≠p hmI-y-ß-fp-sSbpw A¿Y-km-[-yX ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

$ {]mNo-\-X-a-sa-∂m¬ G‰hpw {]mNo-\-am-bXv F∂ A¿Y-amWv. AsXmt∂

D≠m-hp-I-bp-≈p. AXp-sIm≠v c≠m-asØ hmIyw km[y-a√.

{]nb-X-c-am-samcp kz-]v\-ap-dßn F∂ hcn-bn¬ At\Iw kz-]v\-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw

{]nb-s∏-́ Xv F∂ A¿Yam-Wp-≈-Xv. AhnsS Xmc-X-ayw sNøm≥ H∂n-e-[nIw

D≠v.

$ {]nb-s∏-́ Xv ˛ {]nbw

$ Iptd-°qSn {]nb-ap-≈Xv ˛ {]nb-Xcw

76

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ G‰hpw {]nb-s∏-́ Xv ˛ {]nb-Xaw

kwkvIrX i_vZ߃°mWv an°-hmdpw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ aq∂p cq]-߃ Is≠-

Øm≥ Ign-bp-I.

Xcw, Xaw F∂o {]tbm-K-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ a‰p-Zm-l-c-W-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ

Is≠-Ø-s´.

CXn\p Xpe-y-ambn Cw•o-jn-ep≈ aq∂p cq]-ßfpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm

Wv.

good - better - best]gb KZy-̀ m-jbnse IYm-̀ mKw C∂sØ KZy-̀ m-j-bn-te°v am‰n-sb-gp-

Xmw. X∂n-cn-°p∂ `mKw Ip´n-Iƒ hmbn-°-s´. {]kvXpX KZy-Øns‚

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv?

N¿®-sNømw

$ {]Nm-c-ep-_v[-amb ]Z-ßfpw {]tbm-K-ßfpw.

$ hmb\m kpJ-an-√mØ ssien.

$ \o≠ hmIy-߃.

Ip´n-Iƒ C∂sØ KZy-co-Xn-bn-te°v {]kvXp-X-̀ mKw am‰n-sb-gp-X-s´.

77

cwK]¿hw

2cwK]¿hw

BapJw

Ie-Isf Zriyw, {imhyw F∂p c≠mbn hn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Zriy-I-e-I-fn¬

G‰hpw {]ap-Jhpw {]mNo-\-hp-amWv \mS-Iw. Iq´m-bva-bpsS Ie F∂ \nebv°pw

]e-t∏mgpw kmt¶-XnI⁄m\w IqSmsX Bkzm-Z-Is\ ckn-∏n-°p∂p F∂-Xp-

sIm≠pw G‰hpw P\Io-b-amb Ie IqSn-bmWX.v Ihn-Xz-Øns‚ ]c-tIm-Sn-bn-

emWv \mS-I-c-N\ km[y-am-Ip-∂Xv (\mS-Im¥w Ihn-Xzw) F∂ hmIyw \mSIw

F{X-tØmfw Kuc-h-ta-dn-b-XmWv F∂v Bkzm-Z-Is\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. \mSIw

a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØØs∂-bmWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-Wo- I-e-bpsS

i‡nbpw ssNX-\y-hpw. k¿Δ-X-{¥kzX-{¥-\mbn hnl-cn-®n-cp∂ a\p-jy\p kmaq-

ly-Po-hn-X-{I-a-Øns‚ `mK-ambn Ah-\n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ P∑-kn-≤-amb ka-c-hm-

k-\-Iƒ Aa¿Ø-s∏-́ p. sIm∂pw sh∂pw Ih¿®-sNbvXpw Bhm-ln-s®m-Xp-

°nbpw Pohn-®n-cp∂ a\p-jy≥ kl-P-t{]-c-W-Iƒ \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm ASn-

®-a¿Ø-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNbvX-t∏mƒ B ]q¿hhmk-\-Iƒ A\p-I-cn®v Bfl-

\n¿hrXn t\Sm≥ {ian-®p. CXns‚ ]cn-W-X-̂ -e-amWv \mS-Iw F∂ Iem-krjvSn

\mSI Ie-bpsS thcp-Iƒ tXSp-tºmƒ AXn¿Øn-Iƒ°pw h¿Kh¿W߃°pw

AXo-Xamb a\p-jym-hÿIsf-bmWv AXp {]ta-b-am-°p-∂-sX∂p ImWmw.

"Ah-ÿm-\p-IrXnx \mSyw', "temI-hr-Øm-¥m-\p-IrXnx \mSyw' F∂o \n¿h

N\߃ CXmWp ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jys‚ hnIm-c-ßsf kq£va-X-tbmsS

CS-X-Shn√msX Ah-X-cn-∏n®v t{]£-Is\ Ah-\n¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ -Ih¿s∂-Sp-

°m≥ Ign-bp∂ am{¥n-IX \mS-I-Øn-\p-≠v. _p≤n-bp-sSbpw a\- n-s‚bpw am{X-

a√ IÆn-s‚bpw ImXn-s‚bpw Ie-Iq-Sn-bmWv \mS-Iw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂

\mSIw Htc-k-abw hnIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw Ne-\-Øn-s‚bpw Ie-bp-am-Wv.

AXn_rl-Ømb \mS-I-]m-c-ºcyw ]g°w sIm≠pw kao-]\ sshhn-[yw-

sIm≠pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-hp-∂Xv ̀ mc-X-Øn\pw {Kokn-\p-amWv. {InkvXp-hn\papºv

800 \pw 300 \pw CSbv°v {Kokn-emWv \mSIw cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. Ub-Wo-kkv

tZhs‚ D’-hhp-ambn _‘-s∏ v́ hk-t¥m-’-h-Øn¬ lmky-Nn-{Xo-I-cWw

(mime) tImamfn \mSIw (satiric drama) \¿a\m-SIw (comedy) ZpxJ \mSIw

(tragedy) F∂n-ßs\ \mep-X-c-Øn-ep≈ cq]-I߃ Dcp-Øn-cn -™p.

78

So®¿ sSIvÃv

tkmt^m-¢n-kv, FkvIn-ek,v bqdn-∏n-Uokv XpS-ßn-b-h¿ {Ko°p \mS-I-{]-ÿm-

\-Øn\p ASn-Ø-d-bn-́ p. \mep-X-c-Øn-ep≈ cq]-I-ß-fn¬ Zpc¥ \mS-I-ßsf

am{X-amWv {Kokn¬ {][m-\-ambn \mS-I-ß-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-®-Xv. \mS-I-Øn\p

a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ kzm[o-\n-°m\pw ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°m\pw Ign-bp-sa∂p bh-

\¿ Is≠-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. IYm¿knkn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥-Ifpw kn≤m-¥-ßfpw

CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

Cu Ime-L-́ -Øn¬Øs∂ `mc-X-Ønepw \mS-I-߃ D≠mbn F∂p am{X-a√

AXns‚ kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®p hni-Z-]-T-\-ßfpw cq]w-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. \mSy-imkv{X-

Øn¬ `c-X-ap\n kwkvIr-X-\m-SI {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ F√m LSIßsfbpw

]q¿W-ambn A]-{K-Yn-®n-́ p-≠v. \mS-I-e-£-Ww, \mS-I-Ønse ckw, IYm-]m{-X-

kw-̀ m-j-W-Ønse HuNn-Xyw, \mSy-Kr-l-Øns‚ cq]-I-¬∏-\, \mS-Im-kzm-Z-I\p

th≠ KpW-߃ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-s®-√m-ap-≠mb ka{KN¿® \mS-I-Øn\p

`mcXw \¬Inb {]m[m\yw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. `mc-X-Ønepw {Koknepw \mS-I-

kw-_-‘n-bm-bp-≠mb a\ximkv{X-]-c-amb A]-{K-Y\w B[p-\nI a\ximkv{X-

]-fin-X-sc-t∏mepw AZv̀ p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. `mk≥, Imfn-Zm-k≥, iq{Z-I≥,

i‡n-̀ -{Z≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-cmWv `mc-Xob \mS-I-{]-ÿm-\-Ønse {][m\ BNm-

cy-∑m¿.

ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-Øn\pw i‡-amb ASn-th-cp-I-fp-≠v. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºp-Xs∂

\mS-I-Øns‚ ]q¿hcq-]--߃ Chn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \Sn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv \mSIw

F∂ \n¿hN-\sØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Nn¥n-®m¬ sXøw, Xnd, ]S-b-Wn, IqØv,

IqSn-bm-́ w, IY-I-fn, Xp≈¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw ae-bmf \mS-Im-\p-̀ h-Øns‚

{]mKvcq]-ß-fm-Wv. Nhn´p\mS-Iw, s]mdm-́ p-\m-S-Iw, sh≈-cn-\m-S-I-߃, I∏-°mc

\mS-I-߃ F∂n-hbpw C°q-´-Øn¬s∏Sp-Ømw. A`n-\-bw, Na-bw, thjw,

kwKoXw, Zriy-]-c-X, Ne-\m-fl-IX XpS-ßnb \mS-I-Øns‚ kmt¶-Xn-I-amb

an° Awißfpw Cu tIc-fob Iem-cq-]-ß-fn-ep-≠v. F¶nepw {]ÿm-\-]-c-

ambn \mSI Ncn{Xw Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂Xv 1882 se tIc-f-h¿a hen-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-

cms‚ aWn-{]-hmf imIp-¥-f-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. XpS¿∂v hnh¿Ø\ \mS-I-ß-fpsS

IpsØm-gp-°ns‚ Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-X-cW-aq-ey-tØ°mƒ kmln-Xy-aq-ey-amWv

Ch-bn¬ ap∂n-́ p-\n-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]e-t∏mgpw Chbv°p cwK-{]-tbm-

K-km[pXbp≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

C°m-eØv kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-ß-fpsS amXr-I-bn¬ kzX{¥ \mS-I-ß-fp-ap-≠mbn.

sImSp-ß-√q¿ sIm®p-Æn-Ø-ºp-cms‚ "Ieym-Wo-\m-S-Iw', Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ "hnNn-

{X-hn-Pbw' F∂nh C°q-́ -Øn¬ {it≤-b-ß-fm-Wv. Ch-bpsS XpS¿®-bmWv kwKo-

X-\m-S-I-߃. Cu imJbv°p XpS°w Ipdn-®Xp Xangv \mS-I-kw-L-ß-fm-bn-cp-

79

cwK]¿hw

∂p. AhX-c-W-Øn¬ sI´p-Im-gvN-Iƒ am{X-am-bn-cp∂ Ch-bpsS then-tb‰w

Bkzm-Z-Isc aSp-∏n-®p. Cu L´-Øn-emWv ae-bmf kwKoX \mS-I-߃°p

{]Nmcw h¿[n-®-Xv. sX°≥ tIc-f-Øn¬ kZm-cm-abn-eqsS sI. kn. tIi-h-]n-

≈bpw DØc tIc-f-Øn¬ _me-tKm-]m-e-\n-eqsS alm-Ihn Ip -́aØpw kwKoX

\mSI-im-J-bv°p \-ho-\-̀ m-hp-IXzw \¬In. hnZzm≥ ]n. tIfp-\m-b¿. Sn. kn

A®p-X-ta-t\m≥, Ag-IØv ]fl-\m-̀ -°p-dp∏v XpS-ßn-b-h¿ ae-bmf kwKoX \mS-

I-imJbv°p IcpØp \¬In. Ig-ºn-√mØ `mjmkwKoX \mS-I-ß-fpsS

AXn{]k-c-amWv ap≥jn cma-°p-dp∏ns‚ "N°o-N-¶c' cN-\bv°p Imc-W-am-b-

Xv. N°o-N-¶cw `mjmkwKoX \mS-I-ßsf ]cn-l-kn-°p-sºmgpw Cu \mS-I-

߃°p hen-sbm-cm-kzm-ZI hrμ-ap-≠m-°m\pw P\-ßsf \mS-I-Øn-te°v ASp-

∏n-°m\pw km[n®p F∂p≈Xp {it≤-b-amWv.

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-ßfn-se-Øp-sºm-gmWv ae-bmf \mSIw

kmaqly {]iv\-߃ {]tabam°p-∂-Xv. kn. hn bpsS {]l-k-\-ßfpw Cu. hn.

IrjvW-]n-≈-bpsS {]l-k-\-ßfpw Ncn-{X-\m-S-I-ßfpw Cu Nn¥bv°p {]tNm-

Z-\-ta-In. ]m›m-Xy-\m-S-I-kzm-[o-\hpw kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI cwK-Øp-≠mb

DW¿hpw apt∂-‰-ßfpw \mSIw kmaq-lnI ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ Hcm-bp-[-am-

W∂ Nn¥ DW¿Øn. hn. Sn. bpsS ASp-°-f-bn¬ \n∂v Ac-ß-tØ°p \¬Inb

\thm-t∑-jhpw ]pXp-sh-fn-®hpw \mS-IsØ ]pXnb taJ-e-I-fn-te°p \bn-®p.

Fw.]n.`´-Xn-cn-∏mSv, Fw. B¿. _n. F∂n-h¿ kmaq-ly-\m-S-I-߃°v i‡n-

]I¿∂p. F≥. IrjvW-]n-≈-bn-eqsS {]iv\-\m-S-I-ßfpw ]m›mXy \mS-I-Øns‚

]pØ≥ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw ae-bm-fn°p kzmb-Ø-am-bn. ae-bmf \mS-I-km-lnXyw

]cn-h¿Ø\ Zi-bn¬ FØnb Ime-L-́ -am-bn-cp-∂p1940 Iƒ. sI. Zmtam-Z-c-\pw,

kn. sP. tXmakpw, ]pfn-am\ ]c-ta-iz-c≥]n≈bpw, tXm∏n¬ `mkn-bpw,

F≥.F≥. ]n≈-bp-sa√mw \mS-IsØ sshhn-[yam¿∂ Xe-ß-fn-te-s°-Øn-®p.

\mSIw P\-Iob {]ÿm-\-ambpw kmaq-ly-\-ho-I-c-W D]m-[n-bmbpw ]n∂o v́

]e ]e Xpd- p-I-fn-te°p hf¿∂p. Cu hf¿®-bpsS hyXy-kvX-ap-J-ß-fmWv

cwK-]¿hØn-ep-≈-Xv.

Cu bqWn-‰n¬ \mep ]mT-̀ m-K-ß-fmWv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Bkzm-Z-Is\

\mS-I-th-Zn-bn-se-s°-Øn-°p-∂-Xn\pw kmlnXyw P\-Io-b-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw \mSI-

Km-\-߃°p≈ ]¶v AZzXobam-Wv. ae-bm-fØns‚ emfn-Xyhpw am[p-cyhpw

{KmaoW kv]μ-\hpw \nd™p \n∂n-cp∂ B Km\-߃ ae-bmfn C∂pw

s\t©mSp tN¿Øphbv°p-∂p. AØ-c-Øn¬ Krlm-Xp-c-Xz-ap-W¿Øp-∂-XmWv

P\\o P∑-̀ qan F∂ \mS-I-Ønse "a[p-cn°pw Hm¿ΩItf' F∂ H. F≥. hn

bpsS Km\w.

80

So®¿ sSIvÃv

ae-bmf \mS-I-th-Zn°p ]pØ≥ `mhp-IXzw \¬Inb--{]-Xn-`m-[-\-\mWv

Pn.i¶c∏n≈. At±-l-Øns‚ "Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ' F∂ GIm-¶-\m-SIw

apØ»n-°-Y-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ A\ym-]-tZ-i-co-Xn-bn¬, sFIy-Øns‚ al-

Øzhpw {]Xn-tcm-[-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw hnfw_cw sNøp-∂p.

`mc-Xob \mS-I-Ir-Øp-°-fn¬ Imfn-Zm-k-s\m∏w {]Y-a-ÿm-\-a-e-¶-cn-°p∂ alm-

I-hn-bmWv `mk≥. \mS-I-e-£-W-߃ D√w-Ln®v CXn-lm-k-Øn-te--°mƒ {]Im-

i-am-\-ambn Zptcym-[-\s\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv Ducp-̀ w-K-Øn-eqsS At±lw.

\mSIw _mly Ne-\-Øns‚ Ie-bm-sW∂ k¶¬∏w Xncp-Øn-°p-dn®v \n›e-

\mb \mb-Is‚ am\-knI Ne-\-Øn-eqsS Zptcym-[-\s‚ al-Øzhpw Icp-W-

ck-Øns‚ B¿{Z-Xbpw Zpc¥ t_m[hpw At±lw Cu \mS-I-Øn-eqsS ]I¿∂p

\¬Ip-∂p.

\ΩpsS \mS-I-thZn X\-XnSw Is≠-tØ-≠-Xns‚ {]m[m-\yw hni-Z-am-°p-I-bmWv

"X\Xp\mS-I-thZn' F∂ teJ-\w. "X\Xp\mS-I-thZn' F∂ Bib-Øns‚

D]-⁄m-Xm-°-fn¬ {]ap-J-\mb kn. F≥. {ioI-WvT≥ \mb¿ kn. sP. kvamcI

{]`m-j-W-Øn¬ tIc-fob \mS-I-th-Znsb hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw X\Xp \mS-I-th-

Zn-bpsS {]k-‡n-sb-°p-dn®v Imcy-Im-c-W-k-lnXw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. Cu Bi-b-Øn\p h¿Ø-am-\-Im-eØp {]k‡n F¥v F∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-

°p-I-bmWv "\mtSmSn ]mc-º-cyhpw ae-bmf \mS-I-th-Znbpw' F∂ teJ-\-Øn-

eqsS F. sI. \ºym¿.

\mSIw hyXy-kvX-X-I-fpsS kwK-a-̀ q-an-bm-Wv. ChnsS A`n-\-bhpw Na-bhpw

Xmfhpw hmZyhpw ̀ mh-\bpw ka-b-\n-jvTbpw k¿Km-fl-I-Xbpw hne-bn-cp-Øepw

ssItIm¿°p-∂p. `n∂m-̀ n-cp-Nn-bp≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS IqSnt®c-em-Wt√m ¢mkv apdn-

Iƒ. B hyXy-kvX-X-I-fnse k¿K-ti-jn-Iƒ Is≠-Øm\pw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-

°m-\pap≈ Ah-k-c-amWv \mSI]T\w \¬Ip-∂-Xv. "BJym-\-a√ Ah-X-c-W-

amWv \mSIw' F∂ Acn-tÃm-́ n-ens‚ hmIyw {][m-\-am-Wv. \mSI ]T-\-Øn-

eqsS, Ah-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS, hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsS ¢mkv apdn k{In-b-am-°m\pw

kwL-t_m-[hpw kmaq-ly-t_m-[hpw hf¿Øm\pw Ign-b-Ww. CXmWv cwK-

]¿hw e£yw hbv°p-∂-Xv.

81

cwK]¿hw

{]th-iIw

Ip´n-Iƒ°p \mS-I-sØ-°p-dn®pw \mS-Im-h-X-c-W-sØ-°p-dn®pw A\p-̀ -h-ß-fp≠v.

kvIqƒ Item-’h thZn-I-fn¬ Ah-cn¬ ]ecpw \mSIw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-́ p-≠v.

\mSIw Bkz-Zn-®n-́ p-≠v. \mS-I-c-N-\-bn¬ Xm¬∏cy-ap-≈-hcpw ¢mkn-ep-≠m-Ipw.

Ip´n-I-tfmSv \mS-I-sØ-°p-dn®p tNmZn-°mw. Ah¿ \mS-Im-\p-̀ -h-߃ ]¶p-h-

bv°-s´. cN-\, Ah-X-c-Ww, kwhn-[m-\w, Bkzm-Z\w F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-s®√mw

Ah¿ A`n-{]mbw ]d-bpw.

Hcp \mSIw cwKØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂-Xn\v G‰hpw Bh-iy-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒ

Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ \mS-I-Øns‚ kv{In]v‰v

$ IYm-]m-{X-߃

$ kw`m-jWw

$ kwhn-[m\w

$ ]cn-io-e\w

$

A[ym-]-I≥ t{ImUo-I-cn®v Bh-iy-amb hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬I-Ww. F¥mWv

\mSIw? F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww \mSIw? \mSIw hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Fs¥√mw

LS-I-߃ thWw? Ip´n-I-tfmSp tNmZn-°mw. A`n-{]mbw ]d-b-s´.

$ A`n-\-b-amWv \mSIw

$ \√ thZn Bh-iy-amWv

$ kw`m-j-W-߃ \∂m-bn-cn-°Ww

$ \√ Bibw thWw

$

Ipd-®p-IqSn hni-Z-ambn N¿®-sN-ømw. AWn-b-d-bn-ep-≈-hcpw Ac-ß-Øp-≈-hcpw

ImgvN-°mcpw H∂mbn amdp-tºm-gmWv \mSIw hnP-bn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-

Xs∂ \mSIw Iq´m-bva-bpsS Ie-bm-Wv. CXmWv ]n∂n¬ Hcp ad \n¬°m≥

Hcp Xd Fs‚ ap∂n¬ \nßfpw Fs‚ D≈n¬ Hcp \mS-Ihpw F∂

F≥. F≥. ]n≈-bpsS hmIy-Øns‚bpw s]mcpƒ.

82

So®¿ sSIvÃv

a[p-cn°pw Hm¿ΩItf

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

Hcp Ime-L-́ -Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI ap{Z-I-fmWv \ΩpsS ]g-b- \m-SI Km\߃.

`mjm-em-fn-Xyhpw `mh\m ]q¿WX-bp-amWv Ah-bpsS apJ-ap-{Z-Iƒ. {KmaoW

Pohn-X-Øns‚ \njvI-f-¶-Xbpw ss\¿a-eyhpw Ah-bn¬ \nd-™p-Im-Wmw.

h¿Ø-am-\-Im-eØv A\y-am-bn-t∏m-Ip∂ Cu LS-I-߃ HØn-W-ßn-b-Xn-\m-

emWv Ah Imem-Xn-h¿Øn-bmbn Bkz-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CØ-c-Øn¬ Krlm-

Xp-c-Xz-ap-W¿Øp∂ Hcp \mS-I-Km-\-am-Wv "P\\o P∑-̀ qan' F∂ \mSIØn-\p-

th≠n H. F≥. hn. Ipdp∏v cNn® "a[p-cn°pw Hm¿a-Itf' F∂ Km\w.

Hm¿a-Iƒ am[p-cy-am¿∂-h-bm-Wv. {]tXy-In®v _mey-Ime kvac-W-Iƒ. h¿Ø-

am\ ImeØp Pohn-X-hn-lz-e-X-I-fn¬s∏´p-g-ep-∂-hsc kw_--‘n-®n-S-tØmfw

AXv Bizm-k-Øns‚ acp-∏-®-bm-Wv. GXp apXn¿∂-h-\nepw Hcp Ip´n Hfn-™n-

cn-∏p-≠-t√m. apXn¿∂ Hcm-fns‚ _mey-Øns-e°pw Iuam-c-Øn-se°pw AXns‚

C-º-ß-fn-te-°p-ap≈ aS-ßn-t∏m-°mWv "a[p-cn°pw Hm¿ΩItf' F∂ Km\w.

a[p-cn-°p∂ Hm¿a-I-tfmSp ae¿a-©¬ sIm≠ph∂v "Rßsf' B am©p-h-́ n-

te°p sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ \mb-I≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. CS-s\-™n≥ Xmf-

tam-sSbpw s\Sp-ho¿∏n≥ aqf-tem-sS-bpw ae¿a-©¬ tXmfn-te‰n t]mIm-\mWm-

hiys∏-Sp-∂-Xv. a©-te-dn-t]m-IpI F∂Xv ]g-bIm-eØv BVy-Xz-Øns‚

{]XoI-am-bncp-∂p. AXn-te-dn-t]m-Ip-∂-bmƒ Ipeo-\-\pw. At∏mƒ ChnsS sXfn-

bp∂ _mey-Øns‚ Hm¿a-Iƒ Ipeo-\X-bm¿∂-Xm-Wv F∂ [z\n ]√-hn-bn-ep≠v.

am©p-hSpw am©p-h-́ nse Ifn-Ifpw tIc-fob _mey-Øns‚ as‰mcp Krlm-Xp-c-

X-bm-W-t√m. a©¬ tXmfn-te‰n Aam-e-∑m¿ hmbvØm-cn-tbmsS Xmf-Øn¬ Nph-

Sp-h-®mWv t]mIp-∂-Xv. CS-s\-™n≥ Xmfhpw s\Sp-ho¿∏n≥ aqfepw B Nn{Xw

tIƒhn-°m-c-\n¬ P\n-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. CS-s\-™n≥ Xmfhpw s\Sp-ho¿∏n≥ aqfepw

\jvS-_m-ey-Øns‚ s\mºcw F{X-tØmfw Bg-ta-dn-b-Xm-sW∂p ]d-bmsX

]d-bp-∂p.

ae-bm-fn-bpsS \njvI-f¶ _mey-Øns‚ Hm¿a-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fmWv A\p-]-√-hn-

bn-se-Xv. Hcp- Ip-ºnƒ aÆp-sIm≠p hoSp-h-®Xpw Xpº-∏q-sIm≠p tNmdpw -I-dn-

bpap-≠m°n hncp-s∂m-cp-°n-bXpw N°-c-am-º-g-Øn-\mbn sImXn-tbmsS \n∂Xpw

AXn-\mbn Im‰ns\ ImØn-cp-∂Xpw {KmaoW Pohn-X-Øns‚bpw \jvS-_m-ey-

Øn-s‚bpw s\mº-c-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ a[p-c-ap≈ Hm¿Ω-I-fm-Wv. "Ipºnƒ aÆv',

83

cwK]¿hw

"Xpº∏q', "sImXn' XpSßn \Kch¬°cW-Øns‚ ^e-ambn A\y-am-bn-t]m-

Ip∂ \mS≥ ]Z-߃ \¬Ip∂ tIƒhn-®-¥hpw {it≤-b-am-Wv.

Nc-W-Øn-te-s°-Øp-tºmƒ _mey-Øn¬ \n∂p Iuam--c-Øn-te-°p≈ \mb-Is‚

hf¿®bpw Iuamc kz]v\-ß-fpsS \mºn-Sepw ImWmw. ]p≈n-°p-bn-en-s\mØp

Iqhn-\n¬°p∂ Hm¿a-I-fn-te°p Xncn-®p-\-S-°p∂ \mb-I≥ Hcp \p≈v ]qhn-

dpØp ame- tIm¿°p-∂Xpw Hcp hmg-°q-ºn¬\n∂p tX≥Ip-Sn-°p-∂Xpw

cmPmhpw dmWnbpamb hmgm-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xp-amb kz]v\-߃ ]¶p-hbv°p∂p.

\mS-I-Ønse \mb-Is‚ Hm¿Ω-I-fn-eqsS _mey-Øn-se°pw Iuam-c-Øn-se°pw

B ImesØ Ipkr-Xn-I-fn-se°pw \\pØ In\m-hp-I-fn-te°pw Bkzm-Z-Is\

sas√ ssI]n-Sn®p \S-Øp-I-bmWv H. F≥. hn Ipdp∏v.

lrZy-amb kwKo-Xhpw {Kmao-W-amb Xmfhpw ]Z-ßfpw Ah-bpsS {Ia-amb

Nn -́s∏-Sp-Øepw Cu Km\sØ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp Imhyin¬∏am-°p-∂p.

]T\{]h¿Ø\߃

_mey-Øns‚ kvac-W-Iƒ ]¶n-Sp∂ Ihn-X-Itfm ]m´p-Itfm Hm¿Ωn-

s®-Sp-°m≥ Ip´n-I-tfmSp ]dbmw

CØ-c-Øn¬ Hm¿ΩIƒ \nd™p \n¬°p∂ Imhy-̀ m-K-߃ \n߃ ]Tn-®n-

´pt≠m? Ip´n-Iƒ DØcw ]d-b-s´. ]oen-°-Æp-Iƒ (sNdp-t»-cn) t]mep≈ Ihn-

X-Iƒ Ah¿ ]Tn-®n-́ p-≠v.

a[p-cn°pw Hm¿ΩI-tf F∂ Cu Km\-Øn¬ {KmaoW _mey-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω-I-

fmWv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \nß-fpsS _meysØ at\m-l-c-am-°nb

Htcm¿Ω Fgp-Xp-I. Ip´n-Ifn¬ Hm¿ΩbpsS temI-ap-≠m-°-s´. {Kq∏n¬ hmbn®p

sa®-s∏-SpØn ct≠m aqt∂m t]¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

a[p-cn°pw Hm¿ΩIƒ F∂ \mS-I-Km-\-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ Hm¿Ω-I-

fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥-√mw?

$ {KmaoW PohnX Nn{Xw

$ Ip´n-I-fpsS D√mk PohnXw

$ B¿{Zhpw kpμ-c-hp-amb {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kmao]yw

$ hf¿®-bpsSbpw hnIm-k-Øn-s‚bpw kqN\

$ Iuam-c-Ønse Im¬∏\n-IX \¬Ip∂ {]W-b-kv]¿iw

84

So®¿ sSIvÃv

Ip´nIƒ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

Nne-Im-cy-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Duln-°s´

Xma-c-tØm-Wn-bp-ambv AΩm-h≥

Xmtgm-́ p-t]m-cmtam .... Cu Km\w Be-]n-®Xv GXp {]mb-Øn-ep≈

IYm-]m-{X-am-bn-cn°pw?

$ Cu IYm-]m-{X-sØ-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ Fs¥ms° Duln-°m≥ Ignbpw?

Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-{]mbw ]d-bs´

$ AΩm-h≥, Xmac-tØmWn F∂o hm°p-I-fn-eqsS CXnse IYm-]m{Xw Hcp

Ip´n-bm-sW∂v Duln-°mw. " ]mh-߃' F∂v t\cn v́ FSp-Øp-]-d-™n´p≠v.

]mb-k-t®mdv Ah-cpsS kz]v\-amWv sNdnb ho´n¬ Ahsc kzoI-cn-°m≥

]‰m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn -cn°mw "]me-a -c -Ø-W-en¬ ]q¥-W¬∏mb

hncn°m'sa∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu Km\-Øn¬ 'Zmcn{Zyw' F∂ \nXy-{]-k-‡-

amb kmaq-lnI hnj-b-amWv {]Xn-̂ -en-°p-∂-Xv.

Zcn{Z-cpsS thZ-\-Ifpw {]Xym-i-Ifpw efn-X-ambn Bhn-jvIcn-°m≥ Cu

\mS-I-Km-\-Øn\v km[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

$ \mS-I-Km-\-ß-fn¬ Imhym-fl-I-ambh Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´. kmaq-ln-I-]-

cm-a¿ißf-S-ßn-bXv {]Ir-Xn-h¿Æ-\m-]-cw, XØz-Nn-¥m-]-cw, lmkym-flIw

F∂n-ßs\ Xcw-Xn-cn®v Hmtcm Km\hpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´. Ah-bn¬ \n∂v

Ip´n-°n-jvS-ap≈ Hcp Km\-Øn\v Bkzm-Z\w Xbm-dm-°mw.

85

cwK]¿hw

Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

"\ap°p a\p-jy-tcmSv AXp {]Jym-]n®p Ifbmw, F¥m' F∂ Ddp-ºp-I-fpsS

DZvtLm-j-W-tØm-sS-bmWv Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ F∂ \mSIw Ah-km-\n-°p-

∂-Xv. AXn-\p-ti-j-ap-≈Xv \mS-I-Ønse `c-X-hm-Iy-sa∂p ]d-bm-hp∂ Hcp-a-

bpsS Km\-amWv. Nne Imcy-߃ a\p-jy-tcm-Sp-W¿Øn-°m-\p-t±-in-®p-≈-Xm-Wv

Cu \mS-I-sa∂p \mSIIrØv hf-®p-sI-́ n-√msX ]d-™p-h-bv°p-∂p. Hcp kaq-

lsØsbm∂n®v A`n-kw-t_m-[-\-sNbvXp ktμ-i-hn-\n-abw \S-Øm≥ G‰hpw

DNn-X-amb Iem-cq]w \mSIw Xs∂-bm-sW∂ \mSIIrØns‚ t_m[yw Hcp-

Iq´w Ddp-ºp-I-fpsS A-¥y-Øn¬ ASn-h-c-bn´p {]Jym-]n-®n-́ p-≠.v

F¥mWv Cu \mS-I-Øns‚ ktμ-i-sa-∂Xv \mS-I-Øns‚ BJym-\-KXn hni-

I-e\w sNøp-∂-tXm-sSm∏w shfn-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-I-fpsS

BJym\-KXn hnI-kn-°p-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. \mS-I-Øns‚ BZy-

cw-KØp {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Hcp apØ-»nbpw Iptd Ip´n-I-fp-am-Wv. Ddpºp s]mXn-

bpw-t]mse apØ-»nsb Atem-c-k-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v Ip´n-Iƒ IYbv°p Xnc°p-

Iq-́ p-∂p. Ah¿°p th≠Xp henb arK-ß-fpsS tIaØw \nd-™- I-Y-Iƒ.

apØ-»n-bpsS adp-]Sn Cß-s\-bmWv ""B\-°-Y- h-ep-sX∂pw Ddp-ºn≥IY sNdp-

sX∂pw F¥n\p Icp-Xp-∂p. Hcp Ddp-ºn≥ IY Xs∂-bm-Is´''. ChnsS \n∂mWv

Ddp-ºp-I-fpsS cwKm-Jym-\-ambn \mS-I-Øns‚ KXn- Xn-cn-bp-∂-Xv.

apØ-»nbpw Ip´n-I-fp-ap≈ \mS-I-Øns‚ ]q¿hm¶w Nne kqN-\-Iƒ \ap°p

X∂p-t]m-hp-∂p-≠v. Hcp apØ-»n-°-Y-bpsS kz`m-h-amWv BJym-\-]-c-ambn Cu

\mS-I-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ efn-X-amWv BJym-\-co-Xn. c≠p ]‰w

Ddp-ºp-Iƒ, Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ Ipdpºv, ZpjvS-_p-≤n-I-fmb Nne-¥n-sbmSpw

cm£k-s\m-Sp-ap≈ Ddp-ºp-I-fpsS G‰p-ap-́ ¬, BZy-L-́ -Ønse ]cm-Pbw, BXy-

¥nI hnPbw Cßs\ t\¿K-Xn-bn¬Øs∂ IY apt∂-dp-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ°p

ImWm\pw Ifn-°m-\p-ap≈ cq]-tc-J-X-s∂-bmWv Cu \mS-I-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. Ddp-

ºp-Ifpw Nne¥n-bp-sams° IYm-]m-{X-ß-fm-hp-tºmƒ Hcp ]©-X-{¥w-I-Y-bpsS

BJym-\-kz`mhhpw \mS-I-Øn\p ssIh-cp-∂p-≠v.

B\-bv°p-]-Icw Ddp-ºp-I-fm-hs´ IYm-]m-{X-߃ F∂p apØ»n I¬∏n-°p-∂-

Xn¬ Imcyap≠v. \n mc P∑-߃°mWv IqSp-X¬ {][m-\-amb Imcy-߃ ]d-

bm-\p-≠m-hp-I-sb∂ henb kXy-amWv apØ»n shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Ncn-{X-

Øns‚ IqsS k©-cn-®-h¿°v Ffp∏w Xncn-®-dn-bm-hp∂ Hcp kXyat{X-b-Xv.

86

So®¿ sSIvÃv

\n m-c-sc∂p sNm√n Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-sc-°p-dn-®mWv Cu \mS-I-sa∂

kqN\ X∂p-sIm-≠mWv \mSIw ]q¿h-cw-K-Øp-\n∂v H∂mw ko\n-te°p IS-

°p-∂-Xv.

kwL¿j-Øn-s‚bpw kwL-́ -\-Øns‚bpw Ie-bmWv \mS-Iw. Cu \mS-I-Øn¬

kwL¿jkwL-́ -\-ß-fpsS Ab-hn-√mØ hn\ym-k-ap-≠v. tNmW-\p-dp-ºp-Ifpw

I´p-dp-ºp-Ifpw Ie-l-Øn-em-Wv. IdpØ Ddp-ºp-I-sf-°≠p ]Tn-°-cp-sX∂v Hcp

Iq´¿ ]d-bp-tºmƒ C∂p \ap-s°-¶n¬ \msf Ah¿°v F∂mWv adp-]-£-Øns‚

adp-]-Sn. Nne-¥n-bpsS Cc-I-fm-Im≥ hn[n-°-s∏-́ -h-cmWv Ccp-Iq-́ -cpw. Nne-¥n-

bpsS `ojWn s]cp-In-h-cp-sºmgpw Ddp-ºp-Iƒ°n-S-bnse ]S-e-∏n-W°w amdp-

∂n√.

aqh-¥n-bm-Ip-tºmƒ \mep-t]¿ X\n-°n-c-bm-I-W-sa∂ B⁄- \-¬In-bmWv

Nne¥n kam-[n-ÿ\m-Ip-∂-Xv. Imcy-t_m[w h∂ c≠p kwL-ßfpw

"skmcnan∏n'se-Øp-sºm-gmWv kwL¿jm-¥-co-£-Øn\p Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn Hc-

b-hp -h-cp -∂-Xv. ]t£ At∏mgpw Nne-¥n-s°-Xnsc Hcp ka-cm-bp[w

Is≠Øm\p≈ XnSp-°-Øn-em-W-h¿.

Bbp-[m-t\z-jWw Ddp-ºp-I-sf-s°m-s≠-Øn-°p-∂Xp Nne-¥n-sb-°mƒ `oI-c-

\mb cm£ks‚ ap∂n-em-Wv. cm£k\h¿-°p- sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xp NnX-dn-t∏mb

Cu¿°n-ep-I-fm-Wv. Ddp-ºp-Iƒ Ah- tN¿Øv Hcp Nqem-°p-∂p, Nne-¥nsb t\cn-

Sm-\p≈ Bbp-[w. ]t£ At∏mgpw AX-h¿ kzbw I≠-Ønb kz¥w Bbp-

[-a-√, cm£-ks‚ HuZm-cy-am-Wv. Nne-¥nsb Ddp-ºp-Iƒ Nqep-sIm-≠-Sn-®p-sIm-

√p-∂p. hnP-bm-Àm-Z-Øn-\n-S-bn¬Øs∂ Ddp-ºp-Iƒ Hcpa ad∂p ]c-kv]cw

]nWßp-∂p.

kwL¿j-Øns‚ as‰mcp then-tb‰w. cm£-k≥ {]Xy-£-s∏´v Bbp[w

XncnsI hmßp-∂p, Ddp-ºp-I-sf-bm-{I-an-°m-s\m-cp-ßp-∂p. a‰m-bp-[-߃°p Xnc-

bmsX Ddp-ºp-Iƒ kzb-am-bp-[-ß-fm-hp-∂p. Hcp-a-bpsS apt∂-‰-Øn¬ cm£-k-

s\bpw \new-]-cn-im-°p-∂p. Hcp-an®p \n∂mte c£-bp≈q F∂ ktμ-i-amWv

Ddp-ºp-I-fpsS hnP-b-Im-l-fw.

kwL¿j-Øn¬\n∂p kwL¿j-Øn-te-°p≈ \mS-I-h-f¿® {Iam-\p-K-X-am-bmWv

kw -̀hn-°p-∂-Xv. Ddp-ºp-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬, Ddp-ºp-Ifpw Nne-¥nbpw XΩn¬, Ddp-ºp-

Ifpw cm£k\pw XΩn¬ ̨ Cßs\ kwL¿j-Øns‚ am{X s]cp-∏n-®p-sIm≠p

\mSIw hnI-kn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-I-Ym-]m{X-ß-fn-√mØ kc-f-kz-`m-h-ap≈ Hcp

\mSI-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS B¥-c-kw-L¿j-ß-fpsS Ah-

X-c-W-Øn-\-√, {Inbm-{][m\-amb _mly-kw-L-́ -\-߃°mWv Cu \mS-I-Øn¬

{]map-Jyw.

87

cwK]¿hw

Hcp-an-®p-\n-∂m¬ hnPbw t\Sm-sa∂ efn-X-amb Hcp ktμiw Cu \mS-I-Øn-

ep-≠v; Ip´n-Iƒ°pw t_m[y-am-hp∂ Hcp D]-tZiw. AXn-ep-a-∏pdw \n¬°p∂

Nne Ncn-{X-]m-T-ß-fpsS kw{Klw IqSn-bmWv Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ.

a\pjykaql-Øns‚ Ct∂m-f-ap≈ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Npcp-s°-gpØpw Hcp

XncpØpw Cu \mSIw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-≠v. sNdp-a-\p-jy-cpsS sNdp-Øp\n¬∏mWv

]e-t∏mgpw Ncn-{X-K-Xnsb Xncn-®p-hn-Sp-∂-Xv. ]pXnb temI-{I-a-Øn¬ B[n-]-

Xy-Øns‚ ]pXnb i‡n-I-sf-Øp-tºmƒ Cu Ncn-{X-]mTw IqSp-X¬ {]k-‡-

am-hp-∂p.

efn-X-amb Hcp IYmLS-\-bv°IØv kPo-h-ambn \n¬°p∂ Ncn-{X-Z¿i-\-amWv

Cu \mS-IsØ A[nIam\-ap≈ cN-\-bm-°p-∂-Xv. H∂mw ko\n¬ \mw ImWp-

∂Xp ]e ]Wn-I-fn¬ hym]r-X-cmb Ddp-ºp-I-sfbm-Wv. Xf¿∂-h¿ InS-°p-∂p.

Ip´n-Isf apXn¿∂ Ddp-ºp-Iƒ ]nSn®p \S-Øp-∂p. `mc-ap≈ XSn-Iƒ t]dn-h-cpw-

t]mse s\∑-Wn-Iƒ Npa∂p hcp∂ Ddp-ºp-I-fp-ap-≠v. Pohn-°m≥ th≠n s]Sm-

∏mSp s]Sp∂ Cu Ddp-ºp-I-sfbmWv BZyw Nne-¥nbpw ]n∂oSp cm£-k\pw

CcIfm°mt\m ASn-s®m-Xp-°mt\m {ian-°p-∂-Xv. Nne-¥nbpw cm£-k\pw

kam[n-ÿ-sc∂ \mSy-Øn¬ Hcp ]Wnbpw sNømsX Ign-®p-Iq-́ p-∂-h-c-t{X.

HSp-hn¬ Ddp-ºp-Iƒ HØp-tN¿∂v i{Xp-°sf ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-ØpI-bm-Wt√m. kaq-

l-L-S-\-bn¬ F°m-eØpw \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-cp∂ sshI-eysØ hni-I-e\w

sNøm-\p≈ {iaw Cu \mS-I-Øn-ep-≠v. \ncm-ew-_cpw \nkz-cp-amb Hcp hn`mKw,

Ahsc hnL-Sn®p \n¿Øn NqjWw sNøp∂ as‰mcp hn`mKw. Ch¿ XΩn-

ep≈ kwL¿j-Øns‚ Ncn-{XsØ kwt£-]n-°p-∂p-≠v Cu sIm®p-\m-SIw.

Ddp-ºp-I-sfm-cp-an®p tN¿∂v hnPbw t\Sp-∂Xv kaq-l-Ønse sshcp-≤y-߃°v

Hcp XncpØp hcp-Øm-\p≈ km[y-X-bn-te-°mWp hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂-Xv. Ddp-ºp-I-

fpsS IY ]d™p a\p-jy-Po-hnX Ncn{Xw ^en-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Cu

\mS-I-Øn\v A\ym-]-tZ-i-kz-̀ m-h-ap-≠v.

Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ {Inbmw-i-{]-[m-\-amb \mS-I-am-Wv. Ah-X-c-W-th-f-bn¬

cwK-thZn Ne-\m-fl-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. Aam-\pj IYm-]m-{X-߃°p hyXy-kvX-X-

bm¿∂ Na-b-ß-fn-W-ßpw. hmbvØm-cn-Ifpw Ihn-Xm-iI-e--ßfpsa√mw Xmfm-fl-

I-amb Nph-Sp-h-bv∏p-Iƒ°-h-kcw \¬Ipw. Na-bw, Xmfw, cwK-N-e-\-߃ XpS-

ßnb Imcy-ß-fn-se√mw \mtSm-Sn-°-e-IfpsSbpw ¢mkn-°¬ Ie-I-fp-tSbpw DNn-

Xmw-i-߃ Dƒs°m-≈m-\p≈ hg°w Cu \mS-I-Øn-\p-≠v. BJym-\-sØ-°mƒ

\mS-I-Øn¬ {][m-\-am-hp-∂Xv Ah-X-c-W-am-sW-∂Xp {it≤-b-am-Wv.

88

So®¿ sSIvÃv

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø\߃

am\p-jn-I-amb kwL¿j-ß-fmWv \mS-I-Øns‚ Poh≥ ˛ Cu Bibw

H∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏Smw

$ a\p-jy-Po-hnXw Xs∂-bmWv \mS-I-Øn\pw hnjbw

$ kwL¿j-ß-fpsS Ah-X-c-W-an-s√-¶n¬ \mS-I-an√

$ a\p-jy≥ a‰p-≈-h-scmSpw Xs‚ Xs∂ hn[n-sbmSpw {]Ir-Xn-sbmSpw

Xt∂mSp-X-s∂bpw G‰p-ap-́ p-∂-XmWv \mS-I-Øns‚ hnj-bw.

Hmtcm Bi-bhpw DZm-l-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ ]d-bmw. A[ym-]-I¿

Imcy-߃ IqSp-X¬ hy‡-amhpwhn[-ap≈ CS-s]-S¬ \S-Ø-Ww.

a\p-jy-Po-hnXhpw kw-L¿j-ß-fp-amWv \mS-I-Øns‚ hnj-b-sa-¶n¬ Hcp Iq´w

Ddp-ºp-I-sf-ßs\ \mS-I-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Spw? AXv Ddp-ºp-I-fpsS IY-bt√?

A`n-{]m-b-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

$ Ddp-ºp-Ifpw Nne-¥nbpw cm£-k-\p-sa√mw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Xs∂

{]Xn-cq-]-ß-fm-Wv.

$ Ddp-ºp-Iƒ \ncm-ew-_cpw \n -lm-b-cp-amb a\p-jy¿ Xs∂.

$ Ddp-ºp-I-fpsS A[zm-\sØ Nqj-Ww-sNbvXp kpJPo-hnXw \bn-°p∂ Nne-

¥nbpw cm£-k\pw a\p-jy-cpsSbnS-bn¬Xs∂bp≈ Nqj-I-scbpw a¿±-

I-scbpw {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p.

$ Ddp-ºp-I-fpsS hnPbw km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS Iq´m-bva-bpsS hnPbw Xs∂-

bm-Wv.

Bi-b-ß-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw "Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ A\ym-]-tZ-i-

kz-̀ m-h-ap≈ \mSIw' F∂ hnj-bsØ A[n-I-cn®v Hcp {]_‘w Xbmdm°s´.

Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ F∂ \mSIw a\p-jy-kz-̀ mh hna¿i\w \S-

Øp∂ kμ¿ -̀߃ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ a\p-jy-sc-t∏mse Chcv AI∂m Nhn-́ n-s°m-√pw, ASpØm \°n-s°m-√pw.

$ ih-Øn¬ IpØp-∂Xv a\p-jy-cpsS kz`m-h-am-Wv.

F¥p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mw \mS-I-IrØv CØcw {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ tN¿ØXv?

89

cwK]¿hw

$ \mSIw BXy-¥n-I-ambn a\pjyPohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈-XmWv

$ kXy-߃ i‡-ambn D∂-bn-t°≠ DØ-c-hm-ZnØzØw \mS-I-߃°p-

≠v.

$ \mS-I-Øn-eqsS D∂-bn-°p∂ hkvXp-X-Iƒ Ffp∏w kaqla-\ n-se-Øpw.

N¿®-bn¬ \mS-I-I-ebv°p kaq-l-a-\- n-ep≈ kzm[o\w hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p.

"" \ap°p a\p-jy-s\mSXp {]Jym-]n-®p-I-fbmw F¥m'' \mS-I-Ønse Ah-km\

hmIy-Øns‚ {]k-‡n-sb¥v?

N¿®-bn¬ Db¿∂p-h-cp∂ Bi-b-߃ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-S-Ww.

$ Hcp-a-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ktμiw BZy-sa-tØ-≠Xp hnL-Sn®p \in-°p∂ a\p-

jy-cn-em-Wv.

$ \n -lm-b-cm-b-h¿ kwL-Sn-®m¬ henb i‡n-I-sf-t∏mepw Iogvs∏-Sp-Øm≥

]‰p-sa∂p Zp¿_-e-cmb a\p-jy¿ Adn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ Ncn{Xw \n¿an-°p-∂Xpw Xncp-Øp-∂Xpw ]Z-hnbpw {]am-Wn-Ø-hp-ap-≈-h¿°p

am{Xw sNøm-hp∂ Imcy-a-√. km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS Iq´m-bvabv°pw I¿a-

ti-jn°pw AXn-\p≈ sI¬∏p-≠v.

CØcw Bi-b-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s∏-Ss´. AXn-\p-tijw \mS-I-Øns‚ {][m\

D∂-ß-fn-sem∂v a\p-jysc Nne kXy-߃ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-sW∂ \mSI-

Ir-Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sn-\p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ A\p-̀ -h-Øn¬ \n∂p Is≠Øn Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

ASp-°-f-bn¬\n∂v Ac-ß-tØ°v XpS-ßnb -Ir-Xn-Iƒ {i≤-bn¬s°m≠p-h-cmw.

N¿®-Iƒs°m-Sp-hn¬ \mS-I-ß-fpsS kmaq-ly-ZuXyw F∂ hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v

Hcp {]_‘w Xbm-dm-°-s´.

Hcp apØ-»nbpw Ip´n-Ifpw \mS-I-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ cwKØv hcp-

∂p≠v. ]n∂oSv cwK-{]m-[m-\y-an-√mØ Cu IYm-]m-{X-ßsf \mS-I-IrØv

]q¿hm¶-Øn¬Øs∂ sIm≠p-h-∂-sX-¥n-\mhmw?

A`n-{]m-b-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

$ \mS-I-Øn\v IuXp-I-{]-Z-amb XpS-°-am-hp-∂p.

$ Ip´n-Iƒ°v ck-\o-b-am-hm≥

$ Ip´n-Iƒ°p≈ Nne ktμ-i-߃ \¬Ip∂ \mS-I-am-b-Xn-\m¬

apØ-»n-bpsS emfn-Xyap≠v Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒs°∂v ]d-bp-∂-sX-{X-tØmfw

90

So®¿ sSIvÃv

icn-bmWv? N¿® sNøs´

$ XpS°w Xs∂ apØ-»nbpw Ip´n-Ifpw

$ Ddp-ºp-Ifpw Nne-¥n-bp--sams° IYm-]m-{X-ß-fm-hp-∂p.

$ Ip´n-Iƒ°p≈ kmtcm-]-tZiw \mS-Im-¥y-Øn-ep-≠v.

$ {]mNo\ `mc-X-Ønse ]©-X{¥w IYsb Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ Ip´n-Iƒ°n-jvS-am-hp∂ ktμ-i-ßfp-≠v.

$ HcpabpsS ]mTw \mSIw Ip´n-I-tfmSv hnfw_cw sNøp-∂p.

$ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn-se-√m-°m-eØpw \ne-\n∂ Ak-a-Xz-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ B[zm-\n-°p-∂-h¿ Nqj-Ww-sN-ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kpJ PohnXw \bn-°p-∂-h¿

B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn hmgpIbpw sNøq-∂-XpIm-Wp-∂p-≠v.

$ Nqjn-X-cmb ]mhw a\p-jy¿ Hcpan®p\n∂v A[o-i-h¿KsØ {]Xn-tcm-[n-

°p∂ \mS-I-Ønse kmaqlyktμiw hne-bn-cpØn {]`m-jWw Xbm-dm-

°s´.

91

cwK]¿hw

Ducp-`wKw

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

PohnX kwL-́ -\-ß-fpsS Bhn-jvIm-c-am-Wv \mS-Iw. Ne-\m-fl-Ihpw {]Xn-P-\-

`n-∂-hp-amb Pohn-XsØ sshIm-cn-I-ambn cwKØp ]p\xkrjvSn-°p-I-bmWv

\mSIw sNøp-∂Xv. temI-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bn¬ `mc-X-Øns‚ bi- p-d-∏n® `mk-

\mS-I-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv Ducp-̀ w-Kw. alm-Ihn h≈-tØmƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]cn-

`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ønb Ducp-̀ w-K-Ønse DØ-c-̀ m-KØp \n∂mWv ]mT-̀ mKw kzoI--cn--

®n-́ p-≈Xv. "Ducp-̀ wKw' Pohn-X-Ønse B¥-cnI kwL¿j-ßsf kay-°mbn

Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p. (kwkvIrX \mS-I-ß-fn¬ I≠p-h-cp∂ `c-X-hmIyw `mk-

\m-S-I-ß-fn-en-√) Zptcym-[-\-`o-a-K-Zm-bp-≤-Øn¬ [oc-ambn AS¿°-f-Øn¬

s]mcpXn hoWp-In-S-°p∂ Zptcym-[-\s\ ImWm≥ amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw `mcym-]p-

{Xm-Zn-Ifpw _‘p-P-\-ßfpw FØp-∂-XmWv kμ¿`w. XpS¿∂p Zptcym-[-\s‚

kz¿K-{]m-]vXn-h-sc-bp≈ IY-bm-Wv Ducp-̀ wKw \mS-I-Ønse CXn-hr-Øw. Zptcym-

[-\≥, _e-tZ-h≥, [rX-cm-jv{S≥, Km‘m-cn, Zp¿÷-b≥, amf-hn, ]uc-hn, cm⁄n-

am¿ Ch-cmWv ]mT`mKØp IS-∂p-h-cp∂ IYm-]m-{X-߃. XnI®pw kwL¿j`cn-

X-amWv Cu cwKw. sXmÆq-‰n-sbm-ºXp a°fpw bp≤-Øn¬ ssIhn-´p-t]mb

amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, Bizm-k-ambn Ah¿°v _m°n-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ aIs‚ (Zptcym-

[-\s‚) A¥y-cwKw ImWm-s\-Øp∂ ImgvN kwL¿jm-fl-I-X-bp-sSbpw hnIm-

c-Xo-{h-X-bp-sSbpw DØpw-K-irw-K-am-Wv. B¥-cnI kwL¿j-Øns‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-

bn¬ \n¬°p∂ Cu amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS kw`m-jWw t{]£-I-\n-ep-W¿Øp∂

sshIm-cn-IX Xo{h-am-Wv.

Ne-\m-fl-I-X-bpsS IY-bmb \mS-I-Øn¬ XpS -X-I¿∂v, Ne-\-c-ln-X-\mbn InS-

°p∂ Zptcy-[-\s‚ B¥-cnI Ne-\-ßsf AYhm kwL¿j-ßsf Ah-X-cn-

∏n-®p-sIm≠v B IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ at\m-cYw t{]£-I-\p-ambn ]¶phbv°p-I-

bmWv `mk≥ sNbvXn-́ p-≈-Xv. alm-̀ m-c-X-Ønse Zptcym-[-\s\ AtX-]Sn Bhn-

jvI-cn-°p∂ Hcm-h¿Ø-\-a√ adn®v alm-̀ m-c-X-Øn-eqsS tI´p ]Xn™ Zptcym-

[-\-s\-°mƒ [¿an-jvT-\pw, ktlm-Z-c-kvt\-lnbpw a\p-jy-Xz-ap-≈-h\pw ÿnc-

amb ]I-bn-√m-Ø-h-\p-amb HcpØa-I-Ym-]m-{X-ambn Zptcym-[-\s\ `mk≥

]p\xkrjvSn-°p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. Hcp-]t£ CXn-lm-k-Ønse Zptcym-[-\-s\-°mƒ

Hcp ]Sn ap∂n¬ \n¬°p∂ a\p-jy-̀ m-h-ap-≈-h-\mbn `mks‚ Zptcym-[-\s\

Z¿in-°mw. alm-`m-c-X-IY Ahew-º-am-°nb a‰p IY-I-fn¬ \n∂p hyXy-

kvXambn Zptcym-[-\s\ thdn-s´mcp ho£-W-tImWn¬ t\m°n-°m-Wm\pw

AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Zptcym-[-\s\ \mb-I-\mbn ]p\xkrjvSn-°m\pw Ign-

™Xp `mks‚ cN-\m-ssh-̀ -h-am-Wv.

92

So®¿ sSIvÃv

AS¿°-f-Øn¬ XpS-N-X™p InS-°p∂ Zptcym-[-\-s\-°m-Wm≥ ZpxJm¿Ø-cmb

amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw `mcy-amcpw aI\pw A¥x]pc kv{XoI--fp-sa-Øp-∂Xpw Ah-

cpsS kw`m-j-Wßfpw ZpxJw ]¶p-h-bv°epw Dƒs∏Sp∂ `mK-amWv ChnsS

tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. DÆnsb t]mcn¬ NXn®p sIm∂-Xmbn tI -́t∏mƒ a\- n-

ep-≠mb D¬°-S-amb ZpxJw IÆo-cmbn \nd™v kztX A‘-\mb Xm≥ ho≠pw

A‘-\mbn F∂ hr≤-]n-Xm-hmb [rX-cm-jv{S-cpsS A`n-{]mbw At±-l-Øns‚

ZpxJXo-{h-X kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. hm¿≤-Iy-Øn¬ X\n°p XpW-bm-tI≠

aIs\ ImWm-Ø-Xn¬ ]cn-X-]n®v At±lw Xs‚ Zp¿hn-[nsb ]gn-°p-∂p. \qdp

a°-fpsS ]nXmhpw am\n-bp-amb X\n°v DÆn \¬Ip∂ Xntem-ZIw \pI-cm≥

Ign-bn-√t√m F∂v Bi-¶-s∏-Sp-∂p. XpS¿∂v Zp¿÷-b≥ [rX-cm-jv{Ssc Zptcym-

[-\s‚ ap∂n-tebv°p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Zp¿÷-bs\°≠ Zptcym-[-\s‚

hm°p-Iƒ lrZ-b-t -̀Z-I-am-Wv. ]p{X-kvt\-l-amWv Fs∂ "Nps -́cn-°p-∂-Xv'. Nps -́

cn-°p∂p F∂ khn-ti-j-amb `mjm-{]-tbmKw {it≤-b-am-Wv. Xo{hZpxJsØ

Bhn-jv°-cn-°m-\m-Wn-Xv. aIs\ Hm¿Øp h√msX D¬°-Wv-T-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp ]nXm-

hns\bmWv \man-hnsS ImWp-∂-Xv. Xs‚ aI-s\-hnsS F∂ hr≤-]n-Xm-hmb

[rX-cm-jv{Ss‚ tNmZy-Øn\v CXm alm-cm-Pmhv \neØp InS-°p∂p F∂ Zp¿÷-

bs‚ hm°p-Iƒ A¤p-Xhpw D¬°Wv-Tbpw \nd-™-Xm-Wv. Cßs\ \neØp

InS-t°-≠-h-\-√t√m cmPmh.v ]p{X-∑msc Hm¿Øp hyY A\p-̀ -hn-°p∂ c≠p

]nXm-°-∑m-sc-bmWv \mw ChnsS ImWp-∂X.v Xs‚ IÆp-Iƒ°v B\μw

\¬Ip∂ ImgvN-bm-bn-cp∂p ]≠p aIs\ ImWp-∂X.v F∂m¬ B ImgvN

C∂p Xs‚ IÆp-Iƒ°p Fcn-Xo-bmbn amdn F∂p Zptcym-[-\≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚

A¿Yw {it≤-b-am-Wv. a\- ns‚ Ah-ÿ-bv°-\p-k-cn®p ImgvN-bpsS Xew amdn

adn-b-s∏-Sp-sa-∂-Xn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wn-Xv. Ne-\-a‰ Zptcym-[-\s‚ a\ v XnI®pw

Ne-\m-fl-I-am-Ip∂ ImgvN-bm-Wn-hnsS ImWp-∂-Xv. IÆp-Iƒ°v Fcn-Xo-bmbn

F∂ {]tbm-Khpw kμ¿t`m-Nn-X-am-bn. Ct∏mƒ a\- n-te°p IS-∂p-h-cp∂ ]p{X-

Nn-¥bpw a‰pw At±-l-Øn¬ h√mØ B¥-cnI kwL¿jamWv D≠m-°p-∂-

Xv. Zptcym-[-\s\ Hm¿Øp ZpxJn°p∂ [rX-cm-jv{Scpw aIs‚ `mhn-bn¬ D¬°-

Wv-T-s∏´p hnh-i-\m-Ip∂ Zptcym-[-\\pw Hcp-t]mse ]p{XtimI-Øm¬ X]vX-

cmb ]nXm-°-fm-Wv.

]nXm-hns\ I≠-am-{X-bn¬ aSn-bn¬ Ib-dn-bn-cn-°m-t\m-Sn-s®-√p∂ Zp¿÷-bs\

XSbp∂ Zptcym-[-\s‚ thZ\ At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-I-fn¬ \ng-en-°p-∂p-≠v.

acWw ImØp InS-°p∂ ]nXm-hns‚ Ah-ÿbpw ac-W-sa-s¥-∂-dn-bmØ

aIs‚ \njvI--f-¶-̀ mhw kv̂ pcn-°p∂ kw`m-j-Whpw \mS-Io-bX \nd™ \nanj-

ß-fm-Wv. Zptcym-[-\≥ aI-t\mSp t«mI-cq-t]W ]d-bp-∂- Imcyw henb Bib-

ßsf sNdn-b- Nn-an-gn-sem-Xp-°n-∏-d-bm-\p≈ `mks‚ cN\mssh -̀h-Øn-\p-Ø-a-

Zr-jvSm-¥-am-Wv.

93

cwK]¿hw

ioen-®Xp shSn-™pÆn;

ht√-S-Øp-an-cn° \o;

C∂p-sXm´p \n\-°n√o

ap∂w hmsWmcn-cn-∏nSw!

F∂ ]Zy-Øn¬ C∂-se-hsc \n\-°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ F√m ioe-ßfpw Dt]-£n°q

F∂p am{X-a√ C∂sehsc cmP-Ip-am-c-\m-bn-cp∂ \n\°p e`n® F√m

Ccn∏nShpw ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv F∂ kqN-\-bp-ap-≠v. AXp

\jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ ]nXm-hn-\p≈ D¬°-WvTbpw CXn¬ \ng-en-°p-∂p. \mS-I-

Øns‚ `mh-hn-Im-k-Øn\p Cu cwKw ZrjvSm-¥-am-Wv. A—≥ Fhn-tS°mWv

t]mIp-∂Xv F∂ aIs‚ tNmZy-Øn\p kz¿K-{]m-]vXn-s°-∂√ adn®v A\p-P-

∑m¿ t]mb- CS-tØ°v F∂mWv adp-]-Sn. Xs‚ A\p-P-∑msc th¿s]´ Zptcym-

[-\\v Ah¿ t]mb C-S-Ø-√msX as‰mcp kz¿§hpw th≠ F∂ ZrV-Nn-Ø-X-

bpsS ]n∂nse ktlm-Z-c-kvt\lw al-\obw Xs∂. Xs∂ hniz-kn®p IqsS

\n∂ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-sc, X\n°p th≠n Poh-XymKw sNbvX-hsc ad-°mØ Zptcym-

[-\s‚ lrZ-b-hn-im-eX hmb-\-°msc A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]nXmhns‚IqsS

t]mcm-s\m-cp-ßp∂ aI-t\mSv aIt\ t]mbn `oa-t\mSp ]dbq F∂ Zptcym-[-

\s‚ hm°p-Iƒ a\- n¬ thZ-\-bpsS then-tb‰w krjvSn-°p-∂p.

[rX-cm-jv{S-scbpw Km‘m-cn-sbbpw ImWp∂ Zptcym-[-\s‚ hm°p-Iƒ lrZ-b-

kv]¿in-bm-Wv. ]nXm-hns‚ ]mZ-߃ \an-°m≥ Fgp-t∂¬°m\m-hmØ Zptcym-

[-\s‚ ]cn-tZ-h\w t{]£-I-lr-Z-bsØ X]n-∏n-°pw. ]Sbn¬ [oc-\mbn

s]mcpXn hoW Xs∂Hm¿Øv Ic-b-cpXv F∂p amXm]n-Xm-°-tfmSv ]d--™m-iz-

kn-∏n-°p∂ Zptcym-[-\≥ ]nXm-hn-t\mSp ]d-bp∂ hm°p-Iƒ B IYm-]m-{X-

Øns‚ A`n-am-\-t_m[hpw kv̂ pcn-∏n-°p∂p.Zptcym-[-\≥ ASpØ P∑hpw Cu

amXm-hns‚ aI-\m-Im≥ B{Klw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]p{X-h-’e-bmb B amXmhv

]d-bp∂ adp-]-Snbpw AXp-X-s∂-bm-W.v Km‘m-cn-bpsS B{Klw X\n°v ASpØ

P∑hpw Zptcym-[\-s‚ amXm-hm-Im≥ Ign-b-W-sa∂pXs∂-bm-Wv. amXr-]p-{X-_-

‘-Øns‚ Bg-hpw, Af-°m-\m-hmØ \n¿hymP-kvt\-lhpw Cu hm°p-I-fn¬

sXfn™p \n¬°p-∂p-≠v. KZm-{]-l-c-Øn-te-Xn-t\-°mƒ thZ\ Xm≥ A\p-̀ -hn-

®Xv A¥x]pc kv{XoIƒ apSn aqSoSmsX ZpxJXo-{h-X-bm¬ bp≤-°-f-Øn-se-

Øn-b-t∏m-gm-sW∂p Zptcym-[-\≥ ]d-bp-∂p. CXn-\p-tijw ̀ mcy-am-tcm-Smbn bp≤-

Øn¬ hoc-N-caw {]m]n-°p∂ [oc-\mb Xs∂ Hm¿Øv hne-]n-°-cpXv F∂v

]d-™m-iz-kn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ kl-[¿an-Wn-bmb amfhn ]d-bp-∂Xp X\n°p

Ic®nens\ \nb-{¥n-°m-\m-hp-∂n-s√-∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ ]uc-hn-bpsS adp-]Sn

ZrVhpw [oc-hp-am-Wv. Xm≥ `¿Øm-hns‚ NnX-bn¬ NmSn acn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\-

94

So®¿ sSIvÃv

sa-Sp-Øp-I-gn-™p, AXn-\m¬ Xm≥ Ic-bn√ F∂m-Wv. `¿Ør-kvt\-l-Øns‚

c≠p `mh-߃ ChnsS Bhn-jv°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v.

HSp-hn¬ Zptcym-[-\≥ aI\p \¬Ip∂ D]-tZiw Pohn-X-Øz-ß-fpsS kmtcm-]-

tZiw Xs∂-bm-Wv. bp≤-Ønse ]Ibpw hntZz-jhpw H∂n\pw ]cn-lm-c-a-s√∂pw

bp≤w A¿Yiq\yhpw k¿h\m-i-Øn¬ Iem-in-°p-∂-Xpw Bb-Xn-\m¬ B¥-

cn-I-ambn sshcsØ Iogvs∏-SpØn a\ v ]›m-Øm-]-Øns‚ A·n-bn¬ kv̂ pSw

sNbvsX-SpØp hnip-≤-am-°-W-sa-∂m-Wv B D]-tZ-i-Øns‚ kmcw. Xs‚ BP∑-

i-{Xp-hmb ]mfi-hsc X\n°p Xpey-cmbn ImW-W-sa∂pw Ip¥o-am-Xm-hns\

A\p-k-cn-°-W-sa∂pw {Zu]-Znsb amXm-hmbn BZ-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Xs‚ DZ-I-

{Inb-I-fn¬ ]mfi-h-scbpw kvacn-°-W-sa∂pw D]-tZ-in-°p∂ Zptcym-[-\s‚

lrZb kwL¿jhpw AXn¬\n∂p-≠mb a\-x]-cn-h¿Ø-\hpw Cu hm°p-I-

fn¬ hy‡-am-Wv. Zptcym-[-\≥ F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ hf¿® \mS-I-Øns‚

`mh-]-c-amb hnIm-k-am-Wv. B¥-cnI kwL¿j-Øn-eqsS A\p-\n-anjw IS-∂p-

h-cp∂ Zptcym-[-\≥ \mS-Im-cw-̀ -Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xn¬\n∂p XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-

\mbn Db¿∂ Hcp `mh-Øn-se-Øp-∂p. \mS-Im-¥y-Øn¬ Zptcym-[-\-\n¬ kmh-

Im-i-ap≠m-Ip∂ Cu a\x]cn-h¿Ø\w XnI™ Ne-\m-fl-I-Xbn-eqsSbp≈

IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ apt∂-‰-am-Wv. B¥-cnI kwL¿j-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv AXp

hnImkw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ sshcsØ ]›m-Øm]am°p∂ a\x]cn-

h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ IY-bmWv Ducp-̀ w-Kw. hn[n- ssh]coXy-Øm¬ Zpc-¥-\m-b-I-

\mbn amdp∂ Zptcym-[-\≥ HcpXc-Øn¬ hn[n-bpsS ssIbnse Ifn∏ºcw Xs∂-

bm-Wv. A¥y-Øn-ep-≠mb am\-km-¥cw t\c-sØ-bm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ k¿h-\miw

Hgn-hm-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp ]t£ `mk≥ ]d-bm-s\m-cp-ßp-∂Xpw CXmhmw.

a\pjy\p hnthIw A¥y-Ønte D≠m-Iq. Ahs‚ Zpc-¥-Øn-\p≈ apJy-tlXp

CXm-sW∂ ktμiw a\p-jy-cm-in°p ]I¿∂p \¬Im≥ `mk≥ Cu \mS-I-

Øn-eqsS {ian-°p-∂p-s≠∂p \n w-ibw ]d-bmw. Zpc-¥-\m-S-I-k-¶ev]w

A\z¿∞-am-°p∂ Hcp cN-\-bmWv Ducp`wKw

]T\{]h¿Ø\߃

""kwL¿j-ß-fpsS Ie-bmWv \mSIw'' Cu \n¿h-N\w Ducp-̀ wKØn\v

F{X-tØmfw CW-ßp-∂p-sh∂ N¿®-bm-Imw.

hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp--Ø-s´.

$ Zptcym-[-\s‚ Bfl-kw-L¿jw {][m-\-am-Wv.

kz¥w ]X\w am{X-a√, Zptcym-[-\s‚ a‰p hyY-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-hmw?

95

cwK]¿hw

$ Xmt\‰phmtß-≠n-h∂ bp≤ ]cm-Pbw

$ _‘p-°-fpsS \miw

$ `mcy-amcpw A—\pw AΩbpw \ncm-{i-b-cmbnØocp-sa∂ Bi¶

$ aI\v `mhn-bn¬ A\p-`-hn-t°≠nhcm-hp∂ A\m-Y-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

D¬°WvT

A—-\-Ω-am¿, ]Xv\n-am¿, aI≥ F∂n-h-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ Zptcym-[-\s‚ Bi¶ kqNn-

∏n-°p∂ ]mT-̀ m-K-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ hni-Z-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´.

$ \n\-°n√o ap∂w hmsWm-cn-cn-∏nSw (Zptcym-[-\≥ aI-t\m-Sv)

$ Atøm Ahn-Sp∂p hoWp-t]mtbm?

$ Ic-bm-s\-¥n-Xn¬ £{Xntb \o (Zptcym-[-\≥ amf-hn-tbm-Sv)

$

Cu `mK-ß-fn-se√mw {]Xy-£s∏-Sp∂ Zptcym-[-\s‚ A¥-xt£m`w hni-Z-ambn

N¿®-sN-øs´

N¿®bv°ptijw "bp≤-Øns‚ ]cn-Wmaw' (Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿ ̨ ̀ mc-X-]-cyS\w)

F∂ teJ\w Ip´n-Iƒ hmbn-°-s´. AXnse Bi-b-߃IqSn Dƒs°m-≠p-

sIm≠v "Zptcym-[-\≥ ̀ mc-Xob Zpc¥\mb-I≥' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ D]-\ymkw

Xbm-dm-°p-I.

Ducp-̀ w-K-Ønse Zptcym-[-\s‚ KpW-ß-fn¬ t{ijvT-Xaw F∂p

\n߃ Icp-Xp∂ KpW-taXv? Ip´n-Iƒ N¿®-sN-ø-s´.

$ Xf-cmØ ]ucpjw

$ [ocX

$ _‘p-°-sf-°p-dn®v At±-l-Øn-\p≈ A\p-Iº

$ i{Xp-°-fmb ]m-fi-h-tcm-Sp≈ hntcm[w ad∂v A\p-̀ m-h-Øn¬ \¬Ip∂Xv.

]mfi-h-tcm-Sp≈ Zptcym-[-s‚ at\m-`m-h-Øn¬ hcp∂ hyXn-bm\w kqNn-∏n-

°p∂ Fs¥√mw kqN-\-Iƒ \mS-I-Øn-ep-≠v.

$ Zp¿÷-b\p Zptcy-[-\≥ \¬Ip∂ D]-tZiw At±-l-Øns‚ a\- ns‚

hep∏w ImWn-°p-∂p.

$ ]mfi-hsc Xs∂-t∏mse ImWWw

$ Ip¥o-tZ-hnsb A\p-k-cn-°Ww

96

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ kp -̀{Z, {Zu]Zn F∂n-hsc kz¥w AΩ-sb-t∏mse _lp-am-\n-°-Ww.

Zptcym-[-\≥ am\p-jn-I-amb £p{Z-hn-Im-c-߃ adn-I-S∂v D∂-X-am-\-hnI aqey-

ß-fpsS DS-a-bmbn amdp-∂p.

ae-bmf imIp¥-f-Ønse t«mIw kq£va-ambn ]Tn®v Ip´n-Iƒ Bibw kw{K-

ln-°-s´.

$ _lp-am-\ysc ]qPn-°pI

$ `¿Øm-hp-ambn cay-X-bn¬ t]mhpI

$ `rXy-tcmSv Aenhp ImWn-°pI

`mc-X-Ønse alm-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂ c≠p \mS-I-Im-c-∑m¿ \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Zo£n-

t°-≠p∂ aqey-ß-sf-°p-dn®p \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿i-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ N¿®-sN-ø-s´.

]Tn-Xm-°ƒ Cu aqey-ßsf hna¿i\_p≤ym hne-bn-cpØn A`n-{]m-b-߃ Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-cw-\-¬I-Ww. aqey-ß-fpsS apJw F√m-bvt∏mgpw H∂p-

X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°ptam F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ XpS¿N¿®-bp-am-Imw.

{]kvXm-h\ Ip´n-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-Øs´ . _e-̀ -{Z≥ Cu {]kvXm-h-\-bn-

eqsS Dt±-in-®Xv Fs¥-√mw.

$ ]c-kv]c sshcyw B]-XvI-c-amWv

$ sshc\n-cym-X\ _p≤n ]pe¿Øp-∂-h¿°p ]n∂oSp ZpxJnt°-≠n-h-cpw.

$ ]›m-Øm]w a\p-jys\ ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu Bi-b-߃ hoWp-In-S-°p∂ Zptcym-[-\-\n¬ {]Xn-̂ -en-°p∂p.

$ Zptcym-[-\≥ Bscbpw i{Xp-hmbn ImWp-∂n-√.

$ i{Xp-°-sfmSp t]mepw kulm¿±w ]pe¿Øm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v.

$ [¿a]p{X-cpsS ssIsXm´p\nt∂ X\n°v DZ-I-{Inb sNømhq F∂p

Zptcym[-\≥ aI-t\mSp ]d-bp-∂p-.

Zptcym-[-\-\n¬ D≠mb a\x]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kqN-\-IƒsIm≠v `mk≥

F¥mhmw Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv? N¿® sNø-s´.

$ bp≤w Bscbpw Pbn-∏n-°p-∂n√

$ AXv Hcp hwi-Øns‚ Xs∂ \mi-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p.

$ Zpc¥ \mS-I-Øns‚ e£W \n¿h-N-\-߃ N¿®-bm-Is´

97

cwK]¿hw

N¿®-bvs°m-Sp-hn¬ _e-̀ -{Zs‚ hmIyw \mS-I-Øns‚ Xs∂ `c-X-hm-Iy-amtWm

F∂-t\z-jn-°p∂ Hcp Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-I.

X\Xp\mS-I-thZn

]mTm-]{K-Y\w

tIc-f-Øns‚ X\-Xmb cwK-io-e-߃ Xncn-®-dn™v Ah-bpsS KpW-]-c-amb

Awi-߃ Dƒs°m≠v Hcp ]pØ≥ Acßp cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-

X-sb-°p-dn-®mWv X\-Xp-\m-S-I-thZn F∂ `mKØv kn. F≥. {ioI-WvT≥ \mb¿

]d-bp-∂-Xv. CXv 1968 ¬ kn. F≥. sNbvX kn. sP. kvamcI {]`m-j-W-am-Wv.

Hcp \q‰m-≠p-Imew ]m›m-Xysc A\p-I-cn-°m≥ {ian-®n´pw Hcp \√ \mS-I-

thZn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ \ap°p Ign-™n-́ n√ F∂ Bap-J-tØm-sS-bmWv

kn. F≥. X\-Xp-\m-S-I-thZn F∂ Bibw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXp `mc-X-Øn-

se-ºm-Sp-ap≈ \mS-I-th-Zn-bpsS ÿnXn-bmWv F∂v At±lw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

cwK-Iem Ncn - {X-Øn¬ A¤p-Xm-h-l-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ `mcXw

\evIn-bn-́ p-≠v. tIc-f-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw hyXy-kvX-a-√. IY-I-fn-t]mse Ia-\o-

b-amb cwK-I-em--]-≤-Xn-I-fp≈ tIcfw cwK-I-em-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬

\nXy-h-‘y-a-√. AXm-bXv Cu taJ-e-bn¬ henb ]mc-º-cyhpw ASn-Ø-dbpw

tIc-f-Øn-\p-≠v. \ΩpsS at\m-`m-h-amWv CXns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-ep≈ cwK-

IemthZn cq]-s∏-Sm-Ø-Xn\p Imc-Ww. CXmWv ChnsS ]cn-tim-[-\m-hn-j-bw.

]e ]m›m-Xy-cm-Py-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fhpw, sshtZ-inI kzm[o\w Ahn-

SpsØ cwK-I-e-I-fn¬ D≠m-bn-´p-s≠-¶nepw kPohamb Hcp cwK-th-Zn-bpsS

XmbvØSn Ah¿ kwc-£n-°p-∂p-≠v. {_n -́\n-sebpw {^m≥kn-sebpw P¿Ω-\n-

bn-sebpw \mS-I-th-Zn-I-fpsS Imcyw ]cntim[n®m¬ C°mcyw a\- n-em-°m≥

Ignbpw. kzXz-Kp-W-Øn-eq-∂nb ]mc-º-cy-amWv B \mS-I-th-Zn-I-fpsS Icp-Øv.

Cu Nn¥m-KXn h®p-sIm≠p ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-thZn hne-bn-cp-Øp-tºmƒ \ΩpsS

\mS-I-thZn bqtdm-∏n¬ \n∂p ]dn-®p-\-́ -Xm-sW∂mWv kn. F≥. Is≠-Øp∂Xv.

c≠m-bncw sIm√-Øn-tesd ]g-°-ap≈ cwK-I-em-]m-c-ºcyw tIc-f-Øn-\p-≈-t∏m-

gmWp \Ωƒ A\p-I¿Øm-°-fm-bn-am-dn-b-Xv. Xnd, ]S-b-Wn, Xp≈¬, IqSn-bm-́ w,

IY-I-fn, IrjvW-\m-́ w, XpS-ßnb cwK-I-e-I-fpsS \o≠-\nc kPo-h-ambn C∂pw

\ne-\n¬°p-sºmgpw B ]mc-º-cy-I-e-I-fpsS ssPhn-I-kØ Dƒs°m≠v X\-

Xmb Hcp \mS-I-thZn \Ωƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-́ n-√. F∂m¬ kwkvIrX \mS-I-

thZn tIc-fob Ie-bpsS Awi-߃ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v IqSn-bm-́ -Øn\p P∑w

98

So®¿ sSIvÃv

\evIp-Ibpw AXp tIc-f-Øn¬ {]Nmcw t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu X\Xp ]mc-

º-cy-Øn¬ \n∂p Du¿÷w Dƒs°m≠p \ho\ \mS-I-th-Zn-sb-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-

°-W-sa∂v kn. F≥. A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

]m›mXy-\m-S-I-ß-fpsS A\p-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS \Ωƒ \ΩpsS \mS-I-th-Znsb Zo\-

∏m-b-bn¬ InS-Øn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. \ΩpsS \mS-I-thZn IY-I-fn-bpsSbpw Xnd-

bm-́ -Øn-s‚bpw kt¶-X-߃ Bhp-∂n-S-tØmfw Dƒs°m-≠m¬ Zo\-∏m-øn¬\n∂v

Fgp-t∂-‰phcpw \ΩptSXmb Hcp \mS-I-thZn cq]-s∏-S-W-sa∂v kn. F≥. A`n-

{]m-b-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ ]m›mXy \mS-I-kw-kvImcw ]q¿Æ-ambpw Hgn-hm-°-W-sa∂v

At±lw Dt±-in-°p-∂n-√. adn®v ]m›m-Xy kØ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-S-

tØmfw Dƒs°m-≈-W-sa-∂mWv At±lw ]d-bp-∂Xv. ]m›m-Xy-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bn¬

ka-Im-en-I-ambn \S-°p∂ ]co-£-W-߃ ]m›mXy A\p-I-c-W -{iaØn\v

ia\w \¬In X\Xp \mS-I-thZn F∂ Bi-b-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ {]m[m\yw e`n-

°m-\n-S-bm-°p-sa∂pw At±lw Is≠-Øp-∂p.

ae-bm-fn-bpsS cq]-t_m[hpw h¿Æ-t_m-[hpw \mZ-t_m-[hpw a‰p-≈-h-cp-tSXn¬

\n∂p hyXy-kvX-am-b-Xn-\mepw \ΩpsS Bkzm-Z-Isc Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ X\Xp

\mS-I-thZn D≠m-tI≠Xv {][m-\-am-Wv. X\-Xp-\m-S-I-thZn cq]-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ AXn-

\m-h-iy-amb Hcp B -́{]-Imchpw {Xotb-‰¿ {]mIvSo pw D≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. AXn\v

tIc-f-Ønse a\p-jycpsS B¥-cn-Ihpw _mly-hp-amb {]Ir-Xnsb B{i-bn-

t°-≠n-h-cpw. \mS-I-°-f-cnbpw If-cn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \mS-I-kw-L-ß-fpsS

\mS-Imh-X-cW ]cn-{i-a-ßfpw Cu hgn-°p≈ Nph-Sp-sh-∏mWv \S-Øp-∂-Xv.

\ΩpsS X\Xp Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS kzoI-c-W-£-a-ßfpw AXn-Po-h\ ka¿∞-ß-

fp-amb Awi-߃ Hcp-an®p tN¿∂v tIc-f-Øns‚ kzXz-Kp-W-Øn\v A\p-tbm-

Pyhpw F∂m¬ B[p-\n-I-I-Xz-Øns‚ cpNn-t -̀Z-ßsf Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-

amb Hcp \mS-I-thZn cq]w-sIm-≈p-sa∂v kn. F≥. ASn-bp-d®p hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

AXv \ΩpsS X\Xp \mS-I-th-Zn-bpsS B[p-\nI apJ-am-Ip-sa∂v Cu {]`m-j-

W-Øn-eqsS At±lw Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNøp-∂p.

tIc-f-Øns‚ am{X-a√ GsXmcp tZi-Øn-s‚bpw Iem-kw-kvImcw cwK-th-Zn-bn-

eqsS ]p\xkrjvSn-°-s∏ v́ Bkzm-Z-I\p \evtI-≠-Xns‚ {]m[m-\y-sØ-bmWv

Cu {]`m-j-W-Øn¬ kn. F≥. Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xv. Hcp \mSns‚ cwK-thZn

B tZi-Øns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw AXn-ep-]cn AkvX-n-Xzhpw {]Xn-̂ -

en-∏n-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Cu {]`m-j-W-Øn-eqsS a\- n-em-°mw. \ne-hn-ep≈ \mS-

I-th-Znsb kkq-£vaw hne-bn-cpØn AtXmSm∏w X\-Xp-\m-S-I-thZn F{X al-

Ømb Bi-b-am-sW∂pw AXv F¥p-sIm≠v Bh-iy-am-sW∂pw efn-X-ambn

F∂m¬ B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-°m\pw kn. F∂n\v Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

99

cwK]¿hw

kn. F≥. apt∂m-́ p-h® X\-Xp-\m-S-I-thZn F∂ Bi-b-Øns‚ {]m[m-\yw hy‡-

am-°p-Ibpw Cu imJ-bn-ep-≠m-bn-́ p≈ \mS-I-ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ hne-bn-

cp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ tUm. F. sI. \ºym-cpsS teJ-\-amWv "\mtSmSn ]mc-º-

cyhpw ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bpw.' X\-Xp-\m-SI k{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ kn. F≥. s‚

Ien XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n \mS-I-ß-fp-≠m-sb¶nepw Cu imJ-bpsS DØ-a-amXr-

I-I-fmbn A[nIw IrXn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-́ n√ F∂mWv tUm. G. sI. \ºym-cpsS

A`n-{]m-bw.

\ΩpsS Iem-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ A¥xkØ Dƒs°m≠v B kwkvIm-c-Øn¬

\n∂p kzm`m-hn-I-ambn DS-se-Sp-°p∂ \mS-I-ß-fmWv "X\-Xp-\m-S-I߃'. ]mc-

º-cy-\m-S-I-th-Zn-bn¬ \n∂pw \nc-h[n Awi-߃ \ap°p kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw.

DZm-l-c-W-ambn "kvt]kn's‚ D]-tbmKw. apSn-tb-‰pw sXøhpw kvt]kns\ IrXy-

ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. CXp-t]mse hmZyw, Km\w, B´w, Na-bw, `mj

AwK-N-e\w XpS-ßn-b-h-bp-sS-sb√mw D]-tbmKw X\Xp \mS-I-Øn-te°v kzoI-

cn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

C∂v X\-Xp-\m-S-I-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ I≈-\m-W-b-ß-fp-ap-≠m-Im-dp-≠v. ImenI

{]k‡n \ntj-[n®v AXn-cp-I-hn™ ssieo-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw Zp¿{K-l-X-bp-

sSbpw AI-º-Sn-tbmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ CØcw \mS-I-߃ ASn-ÿm\

[¿Ω-amb Bibkwth-Z-\sØ \ntj-[n-°p-I-bm-Wv. X\-Xp-\m-SIw ]mc-º-cy-

Iem ssNX-\ysØ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime Pohn-X-hp-ambn Iq´n-bn-W°n i‡-am-bm-

hn-jvIcn-°p-I-bmWv th≠-sX∂v tUm. F. sI. \ºym¿ ]d-bp-∂p.

tIc-f-Øn-se \mS-I-th-Zn-bnepw C∂v G‰hpw ]pXp-Xm-bn-́ p≈ kzcw

Cu X\n-a-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Bl-zm-\-Ønt‚Xp Xs∂. \mtSmSn Zriy-

cq-]-ß-fpsS s]men-a-bnepw \mw a‰m-cp-sSbpw ]n∂n-e-√. BV-y-amb

]mc-º-c-y-Øn¬t∏mepw \Ωp-tSXp am{X-sa∂v XnI®pw Ah-Im-

is∏Smhp∂ IqSn-bm-́ -Øns‚bpw IY-I-fn-bp-sSbpw t\´w \ap-°p-≠v.

Imem-Im-e-ß-fn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ ]m›m-Xy {]h-W-X-Isf am{Xw

A‘ambn Dƒs°m-≈m≥ {ian-°msX \ΩpsS Zriy ]mc-º-c-y-ß-fn-

te°v ae-bm-f-\m-SIw IS∂p sN√-W-sa∂pw, Ahn-sS-\n∂pw ]pXnb

Icp-Øp-Iƒ B¿Pn-°-W-sa∂pw hni-z-kn-°p∂ \mS-I- {]-h¿Ø-I¿

tIc-f-Øn-en-∂p-≠v. B hgn-°p≈ k -̂e-amb ]co-£-W-ßfpw C∂n-

hnsS \S-∂p-t]m-cp-∂p.

100

So®¿ sSIvÃv

Aßs\ `mc-Xob \mS-I-th-Zn-I-fnse Nn¥n-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-I¿°v

C∂v A`n-apJo-I-cn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂ G‰hpw apJ-y-amb {]iv\w C¥y-

bnse {]mNo\ Zriy-th-Zn-IfpsS Bflmw-isØ ]pXnb ka-\-z-b-Øn-

eqsS ]pXnb Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]tl-fn-IIƒ°pw, DZ-zn-·-Xbv°pw

Fßs\ Bhn-jvImcw \¬Im-sa-∂-Xm-Wv.

ae-bmf \mSI kmlnXy Ncn{Xw ̨ Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈

]T\{]h¿Ø\߃

X\Xp \mS-I-thZn F∂ teJ\w hmbn®v {][m\ Bi-b-߃ kw{K-

ln-°-s´. X\Xp \mS-I-th-Zn°p apºv tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-\n∂ \mSI

{]h-W-X-Iƒ GsXm-s°-bm-sW∂pw AXns‚ kz`m-h-߃ Fs¥m-

s°-bm-sW∂pw Ip´n-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´.

$ Xangv \mS-I-kw-L-ß-fpsS \mS-I-߃

$ kwKoX \mS-I-߃

$ kmaqly \mS-I-߃

X\Xp\mS-I-thZn F∂ k¶¬∏w cq]-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bmbsXßs\?

$ tIc-f-Øn\p sshhn-[y-ta-dnb cwKIem-cq-]-ß-fpsS Ncn-{X-ap-≠v.

$ Nabw, Xmfw, kwKo-Xw, A`n-\bw Ch-sbms° \mtSmSn°e-I-fnepw

¢mkn°v Ie-I-fnepw {]mtZ-inI t`Z-ß-tfmsS \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.

$ ae-bmf \mS-I-߃ tIc-f-Ønse Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS Awi-߃ kzoI-cn-

°Ww F¶nte AXp ae-bm-fn-bpsS \mS-I-am-hq.

N¿®bv°p tijw X\-Xp-\m-S-I-sa¥v? F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Hcp D]-\ymkw Xbm-

dm-°mw.

kn. sP tXma-kns‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn\p ]nd-Inse Imc-W-߃ Ip´n-

Iƒ Bcm-b-s´.

$ \ΩpsS \mS-I-Øn\p X\Xp cwK-kw-kvIm-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

$ BZy-Im-eØp Xangv kwL-ß-fpsS Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-®mWv \ΩpsS \mS-I-߃

hf¿∂-Xv.

$ ]n¬°m-eØv ]m›mXy \mS-I-th-Zn-bpsS kzm[o-\amWv \ΩpsS \mS-I-

ß-fn-ep-≠m-b-Xv.

101

cwK]¿hw

\mS-I-samcp P\-Io-b-I-e-bm-Wv. Cu {]kvXm-h-\-tbm-Sp≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS

A`n-{]mbw Ah¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

$ P\-߃ Gsd Bkz-Zn®p I≠n-cp∂ Ie-bmWv \mS-Iw.

$ AXv kc-f-ambn Imcy-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$

C∂v \mSIw t\cn-Sp∂ {]iv\-߃ Fs¥√m-amWv

$ \mSIw A[nIw t]¿ ImWp-∂n-√.

$ kn\n-abv°pw sSen-hn-j≥ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°pw D≈ AwKo-Imcw C∂v \mS-

I-Øn-\n-√.

$ \mSIw cwKØv FØn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]W-s®-ehv IqSp-X-em-Wv.

$ \mSIw ]e kt¶-X-ß-fpsS ]co-£-W-im-e-bm-Ip-∂p.

N¿®-bv°p-tijw \mS-I-ß-fpsS km[y-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v hne-bn-cp-Ø-em-Imw.

$ P\-ßsf t_m[-h-Xv°-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v G‰hpw DX-Ip∂ Iem-cq]w \mS-I-

am-Wv.

$ {]mtZ-inI Iq´m-bva-bneqsS cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ Iq´m-bva-bn-eqsS henb ]W-s®-ehv C√m-sXbpw \mS-I-߃ krjvSn°mw.

$ kmaq-ly-{]-iv\-߃ {Inbm-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ah A\p-tbm-Py-

am-Wv.

N¿®-bvs°m-Sp-hn¬ ¢mkn¬ Hcp \mS-I-thZn cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ cq]-

tcJ Xbm-dm-°-s´.

$ kv{In]v‰v

$ dntl-gvk¬

$ thjw

$ kwhn-[m\w

$ cwKm-h-X-c-Ww.

XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw N¿®-sN-ø-Ww.

102

So®¿ sSIvÃv

\ΩpsS cwK-I-em-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚ GsXms° Awi-ß-fmWv \mS-I-

Øn¬ kzoI-cn-°m≥ ]‰p-∂-Xv.

N¿® sNømw

$ Nabw $ hmZyw $ cwK-N-e-\-߃

$ Xmfw $ kwKoXw $ {]tabw

¢mkn-°¬ \mtSmSn Ie-I-fpsS ta¬∏-d™ GsXms° Awi-߃ GsXms°

taJ-e-I-fn-te°p k∂n-th-in-∏n-°mw. XpS¿N¿®-bm-Imw. hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ s]mXpth

]cn-N-b-ap≈ GsX-¶nepw Hcp \mS-I-Øns‚ X\Xv AwisØ A[n-I-cn®v

A`n{]mbw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

X\Xv Awi-kzo-I-cWw \mS-I-Øn¬ KpW-]-c-am-bn-́ pt≠m F∂ At\z-jWw

\S-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ ]pXnb ae-bmf \mS-I-ß-fn¬ X\Xp

{]h-W-X-bpsS kzm[o\w F{X-tØmfw Ds≠∂ N¿®bpw \S-°-Ww. N¿®-

bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ X\-Xp-\m-SI kzm[o\w ]n¬°me \mS-I-ß-fpsS Ah-

X-c-W-Øn¬ F∂ hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.

Ducp-`wKw, Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ F∂o \mS-I-ßfn¬ GXmWv

X\Xp \mS-I-k-t¶-X-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®p cwKØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥

Ffp∏w F∂v Ip´n-Iƒ N¿®-sN-ø-s´. Ducp-`wKw CXn-lmkIY

aplq¿Ø-am-Ip∂ \mS-I-am-Wv. kwkvIrX \mSI kt¶-X-amWv

CXn\v G‰hpw A\p-tbmPyw

X\Xp \mS-I-kt¶-X-Ønse hmZyw t]mep≈ Nne- Im-cy-߃ am{Xta CXn¬

kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ffp-∏-am-Ip-I-bp-≈q.

Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ X\-Xp -\m-S-I-k-t¶-X-Øn\v CW-ßp-∂-Xm-Wv. Aß-s\-

sb-¶n¬ Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ X\-Xp-\m-SIkt¶-X-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

tºmƒ D]-Po-hn-°m-hp∂ Imcy-߃ GsX-√mw?

$ thjw

$ cwK-N-e-\-߃

$ hmZyw

$ Xmfw

$ Nabw

Ch-sbms° X\-Xp-co-Xn-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xp-Nn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw. Hmtcm hn`m-

K-sØ-°p-dn®pw IqSp-X¬ N¿®-Ifpw At\z-j-W-ßfpw \S-°-s´.

DZm-l-c-W-ambn thj-sØ-°p-dn®p N¿®-bmhmw.

103

cwK]¿hw

cm£-k≥, Nne-¥n, Ddp-ºp-Iƒ Ch-bv°n-W-ßnb thj-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bmhmw?

IY-Ifn, sXøw F∂n-h-bnse thj-߃ cm£-km-Zn-I-fmb IYm-]m-{X-߃°v

F{X-tØmfw CW-ßp-sa∂v Ah¿ Btem-Nn-°-s´. thj-߃ A∏Sn D]-tbm-

Kn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. Ddp-ºp-Iƒ°p If-cn, ]qc-°fn F∂o Ie-I-fnse c≠p \nd-

ßfpw DSp-Øp-sI´pw CWßpw.

Xmfw

Xmf-hn\ymk-\Ønepw sN≠, Xnane ssIa-Wn, arZw-Kw, XpS-ßnb tIc-fob

hmZy-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ angnhv IqSpw. \mS-I-hm-bvØm-cn-Iƒ apgp-h≥ tIc-fo-

b-amb sNm¬h-Sn-hn¬ Be-]n-®m¬ ^e-{]-Z-am-Ipw.

N¿®-Iƒs°m-Sp-hn¬ Hcp Iq´w Ddp-ºp-Iƒ cwKm-h-X-cWw \S-Øm-\p≈ aps∂m-

cp-°-߃ \S--Ø-s´. A`n-\bw, kwhn-[m\w, cwK-I-¬∏\, shfn®w XpS-ßnb

Imcy-߃ ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. IrXy-amb aps∂m-cp-°-Øn\pw ]cn-io-e-\-

Øn\pw tijw thZn-bn¬ \mSIw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

Hcp khn-tij kml-N-cy-Øn¬ c≠v hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn¬ \S-Øp∂ kw`m-

jWw ¢m n¬ \S-°s´. \mS-I-Ønse IYm-]m-{X-߃ ]c-kv]cw kwkm-

cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Rm≥ \n߃ F∂ \ma-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v

c≠p-t]cpw ]c-kv]cw aqt∂m \mtem hmIy-߃ kwkm-cn-°-s´. CtX

kabw a‰p c≠v hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Cu kw`m-jWw k{i≤w tI v́ dnt∏m¿´n-

ßns‚ ssien-bn-te°v am‰n Fgp-X-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw kw`m-j-W-߃

dnt∏m¿´nßv ssien-bn¬ ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. F¥p am‰-ß-fmWv

ChnsS kw -̀hn-®Xv ]d-bm≥ Ah-kcw \evImw. XpS¿∂v Hcp \mS-I-Ønse

kw`m-j-W-̀ mKw \evImw.

aŸc : Atbm-≤ysb Aa¿Øm≥ tII-b-Øns‚ Ip´n°p Icp-Ønt√?

ssItIbn : Ip´n-Iƒ XΩn¬ s]mcp-tX-≠n-hcpw

aŸc : `c-X≥ \mSp-hm-gp-tºmƒ cma≥ ImSp-hm-g-s´.

ssItIbn : AXv Akm≤yw!

aŸc : \o Iev]n-®m¬ cmas\ am{X-a√ kz¥w Poh≥ Xs∂bpw

cmPmhv shSn-bpw ˛ (kmt¶Xw ˛ kn. F≥. {ioI-WvT≥ \mb¿)

Ip´n-Iƒ `mKw A]-{K-Yn®v dnt∏m¿´nwKv coXn-bn¬ am‰n-sb-gp-X-s´. Fs¥√mw

am‰-ßfmWv dnt∏m¿´n-ßn¬ hcp-∂-Xv. N¿®-sNbvXv IrXy-am-°mw.

t\cn v́ ]d-bp-∂Xv km£m¬ kw`m-j-Ww. c≠p-t]¿ XΩn-ep≈ kw`m-jWw

tIƒ°p-tºmƒ as‰m-cm-tfmSv C°mcyw ]p\-c-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv A\ym-Jym\

kw`m-j-Ww.

104

So®¿ sSIvÃv

3BJ-ym\]¿hw

BapJw

B[p-\nI temI-Øns‚ cq]-s∏-S-en\pw AXns‚ kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-

Ihpw cmj-{So-b-hp-amb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw ASn-Ø-d-]m-Inb kmlnXy

{]ÿm\w F∂ \ne-bn¬ t\mh-ens‚ ÿm\w AZzn-Xo-b-amWv. kmaq-lym-h-

ÿ-Isf IrXy-ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvXv {]Xn-P-\-̀ n-∂-amb a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ

ka-{K-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ t\mh-en\v Ign-bpw. CX-c-km-lnXy-{]-ÿm-\-ßsf

At]-£n®v Bkzm-Z-I\v hnim-e-amb Iym≥hm-kmWv t\mh¬ \evIp-∂-Xv.

AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]pXp-a-bpsS temIw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ krjvSn-°m≥ t\mh-

en\p Ign-bp-∂p. t\mh¬ F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ [mXzm¿∞w "]pXnb' F∂m-Wv.

Novus (]pXn-b-Xv) F∂ eØo≥ ]Zhpw Novella (]pXnb hkvXp-°ƒ)

F∂ C‰m-en-b≥ ]Zhpw tN¿∂mWv Novel F∂ kw⁄ D≠m-b-Xv.

CXc kmln-Xy-im-J-I-sf-t∏mse t\mh-en\pw hyXy-kvX-amb ]e-\n¿h-N-\-

ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-́ p-≠v. KZy-Øn-ep≈ ck-I-c-amb Hcn-Xn-lm-k-amWv t\mh-se∂v

^o¬UnwKv \n¿h-Nn-°p-tºmƒ t\mh¬ AsX-gp-Xp∂ Ime-L-´-Øns‚

bYm¿∞ Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw Pohn-X-k-{º-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw Nn{X-am-sW-∂mWv

¢mcm-doevkv A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. anJm-tb¬ H¨tU-°ns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-

tØmfw t\mh¬ sXcp-hn-eqsS ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip∂ IÆm-Sn-bm-Wv.

Po≥t]mƒ km¿{Xm-Is´ kmam-\y-Øn\pw hnti-j--Øn\pw CS-bv°p≈ t]m°p-

h-c-hmWv t\mh¬ ]I¿Øp-∂-sX∂v \n¿h-Nn-°p-∂p. Cßs\ \nc-h[n \n¿h-

N-\-߃ t\mh-en\v I≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. sshhn-[y-am¿∂ Cu \n¿Δ-N-\-߃

t\mh-ep-I-fpsS kz`msØ kq£va-ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvX-Xn¬ \n∂v

Dbn¿s°m-≠-h-bm-sW∂p ImWmw. t\mh¬ kmlnXy N{I-hm-f-Øns‚ hn]p-

e-Xbpw sshhn-[yhpw {]m[m-\yhpamWv Ch-bn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

t\h-ep-I-fpsS {]mNo\ amXr-I-I-fm-bn-cp∂ BJym-bn-I-Iƒ `mc-X-Øn-ep-≠m-

bn-́ p≠v F¶nepw C∂sØ coXn-bn-ep≈ t\mh-ep-Iƒ D≠m-bXv bqtdm-∏n-ep-

≠mb hymh-km-bnI hnπ-h-Øns‚ A\-¥-c-̂ -e-am-bm-Wv. ]m›m-Xy-cp-am-bp≈

kº¿°-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]m›m-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬ \n∂p-amWv ae-

bm-f-t\m-h¬ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv.

105

BJ-ym\]¿hw

B¿®p-Uo-°≥tImin-bpsS ]pt√-en-Ip-©p-thmfw ]g-°-ap≠v ae-bmf t\mh¬

kmln-Xy-Øn-s\-¶nepw A∏ps\-Sp-ßm-Sn-bpsS "Ipμ-eX'sbbmWv BZy-a-e-bmf

t\mh-embn \ncq-]-I¿ AwKo-I-cn-®-Xv. ]pt√en Ip©p-hn\pw Ipμ-e-Xbv°pw

CS-bv°p≈ t\mh¬Om-bm-Ir-Xn-Iƒ t\mh-e¬ krjvSn-°m-\p≈ bXv\-ß-

fn¬ \n∂v bYm¿∞ t\mh-en-te-°p≈ BI-e-amWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv.

ae-bmf t\mh¬ {]ÿm-\-Øn\p _en-jvT-amb ASn-Ø-d-]m-Inb IrXn-Iƒ H.

N¥p-ta-t\ms‚ Cμp-te-Jbpw kn. hn. cma≥]n-≈-bpsS am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ωb-

bp-am-Wv. Xs‚ IrXn-I-fn-eqsS kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ C∂-se-I-fn-te°v Hcp hmXm-

b\w Xpd-∂n-Sm≥ kn. hn. bv°p km[n-®p. ka-Im-enI kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-bpsS

t\¿]-cn-t—-Zm-h-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS `mhn k¶-ev]-߃°v {]tNm-Z\w \evIm\pw

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\-Øn\pw N¥p-ta-t\m≥ {ian-®p.

Ime-L-́ -Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-I-sfbpw ]pØ≥ kn≤m-¥-ß-sfbpw Bi-b-ßsfbpw

kmwio-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v ae-bmft\mh¬ {]ÿm\w hyXy-kvX-X-e-ß-fn-te°v

hf¿∂p. Cu `mhp-I-Xz-]-cn-Wmaw BZyw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv 1930 Ifn-em-Wv.

]m›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-Ønse ]pXp-{]-h-W-X-Isf tIkcn_me-Ir-jvW-]n≈

\ΩpsS t\mh-en-Ãp-Iƒ°p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn. Cu Ime-L-́ -Øn¬Ø-s∂-bmWv

Fw. ]n. t]mfns‚ t\mh¬ e£-W-{K-Ÿ-amb t\mh¬km-lnXyw {]kn-≤o-I-

cn-®-Xv. kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmkvIm-cn-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb ]pXn-

sbm-cpƒ°mgvN Fgp-Øp-Im¿°p-≠m-bn. kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øns‚ Xo£-W-X,

temI-a-lm-bp-≤-߃, \mSp-hm-gn-Ø-Øns‚ XI¿®, tcmKw, Zmcn{Zyw XpS-ßnb

kmaq-lnI {]iv\-߃ Ch-sb√mw t\mh-en-Ãp-Isf kzm[o-\n-®p. CXv lyqa-

\nÃv Nn¥m-[m-c-bmbn cq]-s∏-́ p. XI-gn, tIi-h-tZhv _jo¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS

t\mh-ep-Iƒ Cu {]ta-b-߃ CXn-hr-Ø-ßfm-°n-bn-́ p-≠v.

kzmX-{¥y-e_v[n°ptijw kmln-Xy-Ønepw kaq-l-Ønepw Bim-h-l-amb

Nn¥-Iƒ Db¿Ønb Ime-L-´-am-bn-cp∂p 1950 Iƒ. kwL-Sn-X-i-‡n-bpsS

Db¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]pw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amb kwln-X-I-fpsS XI¿®bpw Cu Ime-

L-´-Øn¬ Zriy-am-bn. Iq´p-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fpsS XI¿®bpw kaq-l-Øn¬ \n∂v

hy‡n-bn-te°p≈ Npcp-ßepw CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-

emWv 1950 \v tij-ap≈ t\mh-ep-Iƒ D≠m-b-Xv. Fw. Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿,

hn. sI. F≥, kn. cm[m-Ir-jvW≥, ]n. h’-e, cmP-e-£van, tImhn-e≥, tUm.

tPm¿÷v HmW-°q¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ t\XrXzw \evInb Cu Ime-L-´-Ønse

t\mh-ep-Iƒ `mj-bnepw Z¿i-\-Ønepw ]pXp-a-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p.

106

So®¿ sSIvÃv

ae-bm-f-t\m-h-en¬ sI´nepw a´nepw ]pXp-kw-th-Z\w cq]-s∏-́ Xv 19˛mw \q‰m-

t≠mSp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. A°m-Z-anIv hnZym-̀ ym-k-Øns‚ hym]-\w, Imayq, Im v̂I

XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS Bi-b-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\w, kzmX-{¥y-Øn\p tijw kaq-l-

Øn-ep-≠mb COm-̀ w-Kw, kmaq-ly-_-‘-ß-fnepw hy‡n-_‘-ß-fnepw h∂

ssiYneyw, AkvXn-XzZpxJw, ]mc-ºcy \ntj[w cmjv{So-bm-]-Nbw arXyp-

hmRvO, Bfl-cXn XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n LS-I-߃ ae-bm-f-t\m-h-en¬ B[p-

\n-I-X-bpsS ]pXp-t_m[w krjvSn-°m≥ Imc-W-ambn Ch-bpsS {]Xn-^-e-\-

amWv H. hn. hnP-b≥, B\-μv, Fw. apIp-μ≥, Im°-\m-S≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ t\XrXzw

\evIp∂ Cu L -́Øn¬ {]Xn-̂ -en-®-Xv. Bhn-jvI-c-W-Ønse ]pØ≥ ]co-

£-W-߃ Cu Ime-L-́ sØ {it≤-b-am-°p-∂p.

ae-bm-f-t\m-h¬ DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-X-bn-te°v IS-°p-tºmƒ ]pXnb Pohn-X-ta-J-

e-Ise Imem-\p-kr-X-ambn B¿÷-h-tØmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw. 19˛mw

\q‰m-≠nse ae-bmf t\mh-ens‚ kmaq-ly-t_m-[hpw Ncn-{X-t_m-[hpw 20˛mw

\q‰m-≠nse t_m[-[m-cbpw lyqa-\n-khpw \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂ ]pØ≥

{]h-W-X-Isf ae-bm-f-t\m-h¬ sabvhg-°-tØmsS ssIImcyw sNøp-∂p. hn]-

Wn-tem-I-Øns‚ {]m[m-\yhpw k¶o¿W-X-Ifpw {]mtZ-inI {]iv\-ßfpw

ssk_¿ temIhpw Htc-t]mse C∂sØ t\mh-en\v Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ Ign-

bp-∂p. ssienbpw IY-\-co-Xn-bnepw temI-km-ln-Xy-tØmSv InS-]n-Sn-°p∂

kmlnXy {]ÿm-\-ambn ae-bm-f-t\m-h¬ {]ÿm\w ]cn-W-an-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

{]th-iI {]h¿Ø\w

Ip´n-Iƒ ap≥¢m- p-I-fn¬ ]Tn-®n-́ p≈ ]mT-̀ m-K-ßsf hnhn-[-km-ln-cq-]-ß-fmbn

h¿§o-I-cn-°m≥ ]d-bmw.

$ t\mh¬ $ IY $ IhnX

$ Bfl-IY $ Poh-N-cn{Xw

{]th-iI {]h¿Ø-\ambn sImSp-Øn-́ p-≈ `mKw ¢m n¬ hmbn-°m≥ Ah-

kcw \¬Ip-∂p. XpS¿∂v N¿®

t\mh¬ a‰p-km-ln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fn¬ \n∂v GsXms° Xc-Øn¬ hyXym-k-s∏-́ n-

cn-°mw. Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-{]mbw ]d-b-s´.

$ t\mh¬ ssZ¿Ly-ta-dn-b-Xm-Wv.

$ kw`-h-_-lp-e-amWv.

$ kw`h-߃ ]c-kv]cw _‘s∏´n-cn-°p-∂p.

107

BJ-ym\]¿hw

$ [mcmfw IYm-]m-{X-߃ D≠m-bn-cn°pw.

$ A[ym-b-ß-fmbn hn -̀Pn-°p-∂p.

$ ÿe-Im-e-ssh-hn[yw ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-bm-bn-cn-°pw.

henb Iym≥hm-kn¬ Fgp-X-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ Bg-Ønepw ]c-∏nepw

Bhn-jvIcn-°p-∂-h-bmWv t\mh¬ F∂ [mc-W-bn-emWv Ip´n-Iƒ FØn-t®-

tc-≠-Xv.

Cμp-teJ

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

1889 emWv ae-bm-f-Ønse e£-W-samØ BZ-y-t\m-h-embn Icp-Xp∂ Cμp-

teJ H. N¥p-ta-t\m≥ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ae-bm-f-Ønepw kwkvIr-X-Ønepw

th≠{X ]mfin-X-y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ]m›m-X-y-km-ln-X-y-Øn-ep≈ B`n-

ap-J-yhpw ]m›m-X-y-tcm-Sp≈ kº¿°hpw sIm≠v At±-l-Øns‚ {i≤ Cw•ojv

t\mh-ep-I-fn-te°v Xncn™p. ]c∂ hmb-\bpw Xm≥ hmbn®Xv a‰p-≈-h¿°v

]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ Ignhpw `mc-y-bp-sSbpw kplr-Øp-°-fp-sSbpw

kvt\l-]q¿h-amb \n¿_-‘hpw AXn\p ]n∂n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p-amkw

sIm≠mWv Cw•ojv t\mh-ep-I-fpsS amXrI-bn¬ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Cμp-teJ

FgpXn ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xv. _o°≥kv ^o¬Uv {]`p-hns‚ "sl‚n‰m sSºnƒ'

BWv At±-l-Øn\p AXn\p t{]c-I-am-b-Xv. XnI®pw km[m-c-W-amb ssZw\w-

Zn\ kw -̀h-߃ efn-X-kp-μ-c-amb `mj-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®-t∏mƒ "Cμp-teJ'

Hc-km-[m-c-W-Ir-Xn-bm-bn. t\mh-ense \mbnIm IYm-]m-{X-amb Cμp-te-J-bpsS

t]cv Xs∂ At±lw t\mh-ens‚ t]cmbn kzo-I-cn-®p. Hcp Ime-L-́ -Ønse

tIc-f-Øns‚ kPo-h-Nn{Xw "CμpteJ'\¬Ip∂p. ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠ns‚

A¥-y-L-́ -Øn¬ acp-a-°-Ømb hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw Iq´p-Ip-Spw-_w k{º-Zm-bhpw XI-

cm≥ t]mIp∂Xns‚ kqN-\-Ifpw, kw_-‘- k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]cn-lm-k-y-Xbpw

CXn¬\n∂pw hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw. AtXm-sSm∏w hy-h-km-b-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚

Bhn¿-̀ mhw, ]m›m-X-y-hn-Z-ym-̀ -ym-k-Øns‚ ta∑, kv{Xok-zm-X-{¥yw, k¿°m¿

tPmen-bn¬ \n∂pw In´p∂ kpc-£n-X-Xzw, XpSßn \nc-h[n hnj-b-߃ am[h≥

˛ Cμ-pteJ {]W-b-Øns‚ CXn-hrØw D]-tbm-Kn®p N¥p-ta-t\m≥ hc-®p-Im-

´p-∂p.

Im-c-W-h-cmb ]©p-ta-t\ms‚ CjvS-߃°-\p-k-cn®p \oßm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-

108

So®¿ sSIvÃv

amb Iq´p-Ip-Spw_w, Cw•ojv hnZ-ym-̀ -ym-khpw temI-]-cn-N-bhpw t\Sn IpSpw-_-

°m-c-W-h-cpsS A\o-Xnsb tNmZyw sNøm-s\mcpßp∂ bph-X-e-ap-d ˛ Cu

Nn{X-amWv t\mh-ens\ Ncn-{X-{]-[m\-am-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ kmaq-lnI t\mh¬

F∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w IYm-]m-{X- an-Ihpw X∑-b-Xzw\nd™ kw`m-j-W-ßfpw

Cu t\mh-ens\ F∂pw ]pXp-a-bp-≈-Xm°n am‰p-∂p.

Imew amdp∂p ({]mcw-`w) F∂ H∂mw A[-ymbw XpS-ßp-∂Xv NmØ-c-ta-

t\m\pw am[-h\pw XΩn-ep≈ kw`m-j-W-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. AXn-\p-tijw am[-

hs‚ cq]-̀ w-Knbpw kz-̀ m-h-Kp-W-hpw h¿Æn-°p∂ Hcp Jfin-I. ho≠pw kw`m-

j-Ww. H∂m-asØ A[-ym-b-Øn¬ Xs∂ kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-eqsS hnhn[ IYm-

]m-{X-ß-fpsS kz-̀ m-h-Øn-te°p hmb-\-°m-cs\ {]th-in-∏n-°p-hm≥ At±-l-

Øn\p km[n-®n-́ p-≠v.

NmØ-c-ta-t\m≥ : F¥mWv am[hm kml-k-ambn hm°p ]d-™Xv ˛ Oo

H´pw \∂m-bn-√. At±-l-Øns‚ a\- p-t]mse sNø-s´. Imc-Wh-∑m¿°v \mw

Iog-S-ßt≠? \ns‚ hm°p Ipsd Ihn-™p-t]m-bn.

am[-h≥ : Atijw Ihn-™n-́ n-√. kn≤m¥w Bcpw ImWn-°-cp-Xv. At±-l-

Øn\v a\- n-s√-¶n¬ sNtø≠, in∂s\ Rm≥ H∂n-®p -sIm≠p t]mIpw.

Ahs\ Rm≥ ]Tn-∏n-°pw.

t\mh-ens‚ XpS°w Xs∂ Hcp-]mSv Imc-y-߃ [z-\n-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. am[-h\pw -

Im-c-W-h-cmb ]©p-ta-t\m\pw XΩn-ep-≠mb A`n-{]m-b-h-y-X-ym-k-amWv ChnsS

]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. Imc-W-h¿ in∂s\ ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ apXn-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v

Ahs\ Xt∂m-sSm∏w aZn-cm-in-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]mbn ]Tn-∏n-°m-s\m-cp-ßp-I-

bmWv am[-h≥. CXv Imc-W-hsc apjn-∏n-°p-sa∂v a‰p-≈-h¿ am[-hs\ D]-tZ-

in-°p-∂p. Cw•ojv hnZ-ym-̀ -ymkw sNdp-∏-°m-sc A\p-k-c-Wbn√m-Ø-h-cm-°p-

sa∂pw hgn-sX-‰n-°p-sa-∂p-amWv ]©p-ta-t\m≥ hni-z-kn-°p-∂-Xv. Xs‚ aI-fpsS

aI-fmb Cμp-te-Jsbbpw acp-a-I-fpsS aI-\mb am[-h-s\bpw Cw•ojv ]Tn-∏n-

°m≥ At±lw apXn¿∂Xv Ah-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\l-hmXvk-eyw sIm≠m-Wv.

AtXm-Sp-IqSn Ah¿ Aev]w [n°m-cn-I-fm-bnt√ F∂ kwibw At±-l-Øn-

\n√m--Xn-√. CtX cwKØp Xs∂ {]X-y-£-s∏-Sp∂ in∂s‚ AΩ-bmb IpΩnWn-

b-Ωbpw am[-hs‚ AΩ-bmb ]m¿ΔXn AΩbpw ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nse

Iq´p-Ip-Spw-_-bm-Ym-ÿn-XnI at\m-̀ mhw ]pe¿Øp∂ kv{Xo-I-fpsS {]Xo-I-ß-

fm-Wv. ]cn-jvIm-chpw bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-X-zhpw XΩn-ep≈ kwL-́ -\-amWv Xe-ap-d-

Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ Cu hnS-hn\p Imc-Ww. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Cμp-te-J-bpsS ImXepw

CXp Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]g-b-X-e-ap-d-bnse F√m Bfp-Ifpw ]©p-ta-t\m-s\-t∏mse

bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-c-√. am[-hs‚ A—\mb tKmhn-μ-∏-Wn-°¿, AΩm-h\mb tKmhn-

μ≥Ip´n tat\m≥, Cμp-te-J-bpsS AΩ-bmb e£van-°p-́ n-bΩ, kqcn-\-ºq-Xn-

109

BJ-ym\]¿hw

cn-∏m-Sns‚ kplr-Ømb sNdp-t»cn Ch¿ ]c-º-cm-KX hnZym`ymkw kn≤n-®-

h-cm-sW-¶nepw Dev]-XnjvWp°fm-Wv. Cμp-teJ B[p-\nI hnZ-ym-̀ ymkw t\Snb

]cn-jvIrX bph-Xn-bm-Wv. kv{Xok-zm-X-{¥-y-t_m-[-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-Wv. HSp-hn¬

]©p-ta-t\m≥ t]mepw Xs‚ N -́߃ am‰m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-Ip-∂p.

Cμp-te-J-bn¬ Xm≥ D]-tbm-Kn® `mj-sb-∏‰n N¥p-ta-t\m≥ Xs∂ ]d-bp-

∂p≠v. ""Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xn-bn-́ p-≈Xv Rm≥ ho´n¬ km-[m-cW kwkm-cn-

°p∂ae-bm-f-`mj-bn¬ BIp-∂p. Aev]w kwkvIr-X-]-cn-⁄m\w F\n°v

Ds≠-¶nepw ]te kwkvIrX hm°p-Ifpw ae-bm-f-̀ m-j-bn¬ \mw ae-bm-fn-Iƒ

kwkm-cn-®p-h-cp-tºmƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ amXn-cn-bmWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Rm≥

km[m-c-W-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-́ p-≈-Xv'' C∂p {]tbm-K-Øn-en√mØ Nne hm°p-

Ifpw Cu IrXn-bn¬ \n∂pw Is≠-Sp-°mw. kn≤m¥w ImWn-°pI, Imc-W-

h¿°v apjn™p XpS-ßnbh. kwkm-c-̀ m-j-bpsS i‡nbpw ku-μ-c-yhpw A∂p

Xs∂ N¥p-ta-t-\m≥ Xncn-®-dn-™n-cp-∂p. Cμp-te-JbpsS aq∂mw ]Xn-∏ns‚

Bap-J-Øn¬ At±lw ]d-™p. ""IY-Iƒ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ \S-∂-Xm-bmepw

As√¶nepw IY-Iƒ ]d-™n-́ p-≈-Xns‚ NmXp-cyw a\p-j-y¿°v ckn-°p-∂-Xm-

bn-́ mWv ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ih-\-Øns‚ NmXp-cyw, IY-bpsS `wKn Ch a\p-j-y-

cpsS a\- ns\ ebn-∏n-°p-∂p. IY-Iƒ `wKn-bmbn Fgp-Xn-bm¬ km[m-cW

a\p-j-ys‚ a\- ns\ hnt\m-Zn-∏n-°p-hm\pw a\p-j-y¿°v Adn-hp-≠m-°p-hm\pw

hfsc D]-tbm-K-ap-≈-Xm-sW∂pw Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v IY

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ \S-°m-Ø-Xm-bm¬ {]tbm-P-\-an-√m-Ø-Xm-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv

icn-b-s√∂v F\n°v tXm∂p-∂p. B IY Fgp-Xnb amXncn `wKn-bm-bn-́ pt≠m

F∂p am{X-amWv Btem-Nn®p t\mt°-≠-Xv''. N¥p-ta-t\m≥ IY ]d-bp∂

coXn-bn¬ X-s∂-bmWv {i≤n-®-Xv.

Nne t\mh-en-Ãp-Iƒ kz¥w ssIsSm-∏p≈ Hcp kºq¿Æ {]]©w krjvSn-

°p-∂p. a\p-j-y¿, Ahsc Dƒs°m-≈p∂ {]IrXn, Ahn-SpsØ A¥-co£w

AhnsS D≠m-hp∂ kw -̀h-N-e-\-߃, Hcp {]tX-yI a\p-j-y-\n¬ D≠m-°p∂

{]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Ch-sb√mw Ak-Zr-i-y-amb hn[w th¿Xn-cn™p \nev°p∂

temI-am-W-h¿ krjvSn-°p-∂Xv. Pohn-°p∂ temI-Øns‚ kmam-\-y-̀ m-h-ß-sf√mw

kmam-\-y-co-Xn-bn¬ ]¶p-h-°p-tºmƒØs-∂bpw, B temIw PohnX temI-

Øn¬ \n∂v hy-X-y-kvX-ambn thsdmcp hy-‡n-Xz-tØmsS amdn \nev°p∂p.

Aßs\ XnI®pw ]pXnb {]]-©amWv N¥p-ta-t\m≥ Cμp teJ-bn¬ ImWm≥

Ign-bp-I.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

110

So®¿ sSIvÃv

IYm-]m-{X-kr-jvSn-bnepw BJym-\-co-Xn-bnepw kn. hn. cma≥]n-≈bpw

N¥p-ta-t\m\pw ]pe¿Øp∂ khn-tijXIƒ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv eLp-

]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°mw.

Ip´n-Isf \mep-{Kq-∏p-I-fm-bn-Xn-cn-°p-∂p. Imew amdp∂p F∂ ]mT-̀ mKw c≠p-

{Kq-∏p-Iƒ°pw am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ω-bn¬ \n∂p≈ `mKw a‰p c≠p-{Kq-∏p-Iƒ°pw

\¬Ip-∂p.

$ PohnX kμ¿`w

$ `mjm-ssien

$ IYm-]m-{X -\n¿ΩnXn

$ kmaq-ly-Po-hnXw

Cu kqN-\-Iƒ h®p-sIm≠v Ip´n-Iƒ X߃°v In´nb ]mT-̀ mKw hni-I-e\w

sNbvXv Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p. N¿®-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Cu c≠p

t\mh-en-Ãp-Iƒ ]pe¿Øp∂ kam-\-X-Ifpw hyXy-kvX-X-I-fp-sa-s¥∂v Ip´n-

Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´.

$ N¥p-ta-t\ms‚ `mj hfsc efn-X-amWv.

$ IYm-]m-{X-ßsf hfsc kq£va-ambn h¿Æn-°p-∂p.

$ kwkm-c-̀ m-j-tbmSv kmay-ap≈ `mj D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

$ kw`m-j-W-{]m-[m-\yw.

$ IpSpw-_m-¥-co£w.

$ khn-tij-amb Nne `mjm {]tbm-K-߃ ImWmw

$ am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ω-bn¬ Zo¿L-ß-fmb hmIy-߃ [mcmfw D≠v.

$ `mj A{X efn-X-a√.

$ IYm-]m-{X-ßsf kq£va-ambn h¿Æn-°p-∂p.

$ hnh-c-Wm-fl-I-am-Wv.

$ BJym-\-coXn Kmw`o-cy-ap-≈-Xm-Wv.

F¥p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°pw Htc Ime-L-́ -Øn-se-gp-Xnb c≠p t\mh-ep-Iƒ BJym-

\-co-Xn-bn¬ hyXym-k-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

$ Cw•ojv t\mh-emb sl‚o‰m sSºn-fns‚ amXr-I-bn¬ cNn® Cμp-teJ

Hcp kmaq-lnI t\mh-em-Wv.

$ N¥p-ta-t\m≥ Xm≥ Pohn® Ime-L-́ -Øns‚ IY ]d-bp-∂p.

111

BJ-ym\]¿hw

$ am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ω Ncn-{X-t\m-h-em-Wv.

Ncn-{X-Imew Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ssieo-h-XvIr-X-amb `mj

Bh-iy-am-Wv.

Cu \nco -£-W-ß-sf√mw tN¿Øp-h-®p -sIm≠v Hcp eLp-]-\ymkw

Xbmdm°p∂p.

19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ DØ-cm¿≤-Øn¬ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-hn-t[-b-am-bn-s°m-

≠n-cp∂ kmaq-lym-h-ÿ-bmWv Cμp-te-J-bpsS ]›m-Ø-ew. ]cn-

tim-[n-°mw. Imew amdp∂p F∂ ]mT-̀ m-KØv IS-∂p-h-cp∂ IYm-

]m-{X-ß-fpsS hy‡nXz khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ IpSpw-_-]-›m-Øew F∂nh

C∂sØ kaq-l-Øn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-amtWmsb∂v ]cn-tim-[n-

°mw.

$ Cμp-te-J-bnse Zmb-{Iaw acp-a-°-Ømbam-Wv.

$ Iq´pIpSpw_ k{º-Zm-b-amWv \S-∏n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

$ Imc-W-h-cmWv IpSpw-_-Imcy-߃ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv.

C∂-tØ-Xn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amb kmaq-lym-¥-co-£-amWv Cμp-te-J-bn¬

ImWp-∂-Xv. ]t£ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kqN-\-Iƒ "Cμp-te-J-bn¬' Z¿in-°m-

\m-hptam.

$ B[p-\nI hnZym-̀ ymkw e`n® am[-h≥ {]Xn-I-cWtijn {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p.

$ kzmX-{¥y-t_m[w {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

N¥p-ta-t\m≥ Cμp-te-J-bn¬ XpS-ßn-h® kmaq-ly-kmw-kvIm-cnI ]cn-h¿Ø-

\-߃ ]q¿Æ-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ tIc-fob kaq-l-Øn¬ km£m-Xv°-cn-°-s∏-

´n-́ p-t≠m. N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I.

"tPjvT\pw AΩm-h\pw lnX-a-√m-ØXv F\n°pw lnX-an-√'. 19˛mw

\q‰m-≠nse km[m-cW kv{XobpsS i_vZ-amtWm ]m¿Δ-Xn- AΩbp-

tSXv ˛ N¿® sNømw

112

So®¿ sSIvÃv

Imew amdp∂p F∂ ]mT-̀ m-KØv {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂pw kv{XoI-Ym-]m-{X-ß-fpsS

s]mXpkz`m-h-sa-¥mWv. ]mT-̀ m-K-Øp-\n∂v Is≠-Øs´.

$ ]mT-`m-KØv {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ kv{Xo IYm-]m-{X-߃ IpΩn-Wn-b-Ωbpw

]m¿ΔXn AΩ-bp-am-Wv.

$ kz¥-amb Xocp-am-\-߃ FSp-°m≥ {]m]vXn-bn-√.

$ AΩm-hs\ [n°-cn-®m¬ AXns‚ A\-¥-c-̂ ew A\p-̀ -hn-t°≠n hcp-

sa∂v `b-°p-∂p.

$ Imcy-߃ Xocp-am-\n-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw IpSpw-_-Ønse apXn¿∂ ]pcp-

j-∑m¿°m-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

$ ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠nse km[m-cW kv{XobpsS s]mXp kz`m-h-am-WnXv.

Cu Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v ]mT-`mKØv {]Xy-£-

s∏-Sp∂ kv{XoI-Ym--]m-{X-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Hcp \ncq-]Ww Xbm-dm-°s´.

km{º-Zm-bn-I-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw amdn-Nn-¥n-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \mbI IYm-]m-{X-amWv Cμp-te-J-bnse am[-h≥.

hni-I-e\w sNømw. ]mT-̀ m-K-Ønse am[-h≥ F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øn¬

\nßsf BI¿jn® LS-I-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-Wv.

$ AXn-_p-≤n-am\pw kpμ-c-\p-amWv am[-h≥

$ B[p-\nI hnZym-̀ ymkw e`n-®n-́ p-≠v.

$ acp-a-°-Ømb hyh-ÿ-bnse A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw Iogvh-g-°ßfpw AwKo-I-

cn®psIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ Xbm-dm-hp-∂n-√.

$ kz¥-amb Xocp-am\w FSp-°m\pw AXp-aqew t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp∂ {]iv\-

ßsf AXn-Po-hn-°m\pw ss[cy-ap-≠v.

$ ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb hnt\m-Z-ß-tfm-sSm∏w sS∂o-kv, {In°‰v apX-emb Cw•ojv

hnt\m-Z-ßfnepw Xmev]cyw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Cu ]mT-̀ m-KØv {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ a‰p ]pcpj IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS \nebpw \ne-

]mSpw F¥m-Wv.

$ Im-c-W-h-cpsS B{K-l-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂p.

$ AΩm-hs\ [n°-cn-®m-ep≈ A\-¥-c-̂ ew am[-hs\ Hm¿Ωs∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn-bmWv ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xv.

$

113

BJ-ym\]¿hw

$

]pXnb Ime-Øns‚bpw ioe-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xn-\n-[n-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ am[-hs\

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Ipdn∏pw Xbm-dm-°mw.

C∂v `mj-bn¬ \ne-hn-en-√mØ khn-ti-j-{]-tbm-K-߃ Cμp-te-J-

bn¬ImWmw. hni-Zo-I-cn-°mw.

\q‰n-bn-cp-]-Øn-b-©p-h¿j-Øn-e-[nIw ]g-°-ap≈ Cμp-te-Jbn¬ C∂v {]Nm-

c-Øn-en-√mØ [mcmfw {]tbm-K-߃Im-Wmw. ]mT-̀ m-K-Øp\n∂v CØcw {]tbm-

K-߃ Is≠Øn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

$ amkv]Sn (kvtImf¿jn∏v / iº-fw)

$ {Zhyw (]Ww)

$

ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Hcp ImeØv {]tbm-K-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xpw C∂v

{]tbm-K-Øn-en-√m-Ø-Xp-amb ]Z-ßfpw ]pXp-Xmbn IS-∂p-h∂ ]Z-ßfpw Ip´n-

Iƒ Is≠-Øs´.

$ Ip∏mbw (hkv{Xw, DSp-∏v)

$ Ioi (t]m°-‰v)

$

`mjm-im-kv{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F¥p hkvXp-X-I-fm-bn-cn°mw Ch shfn-s∏-

Sp-Øp∂Xv

$ A\p-tbm-Py-amb hnImkw GsXmcp Poh¬ `mj-bp-tSbpw kz`m-h-am-Wv.

$ `mjm-hn-Imkw A\-kyq-X-amb Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wv.

$ hnIm-k-{]-{In-b-bpsS ^e-amWv ]Z-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂Xpw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂-Xpw.

Cu Is≠-Ø-ep-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-c-W-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

ImSv hnfn-°p∂p

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

]n. h’-e-bpsS "Iqa≥sIm-√n-bn'se ]{¥-≠m-a-[ym-b-Ønse ]q¿h-̀ m-K-amWv

"ImSv hnfn-°p∂p' F∂ t]cn¬ tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂ ]mT-̀ m-Kw. t\mh-ense khn-

114

So®¿ sSIvÃv

ti-j-hy-‡n-Xz-ap≈ Ip¶≥ F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ Ducn¬ \n∂p≈ \mS-Io-

b-amb Xntcm-[m-\-amWv ]mT-̀ m-K-Øns‚ CXn-hr-Øw.

Iqa≥sIm√n BZn-hmkn kaq-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-I-Y-bm-b√ Ah--X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xv. BZn-hm-kn-bq-cp-I-fn¬ \S-°p∂ Itø-‰-ßfpw Akw-_-‘-ßfpw {]Xn-

tcm-[n-°m-\m-hm-sX-t]m-Ip∂ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS aqI-th-Z-\-bpamWv t\mh-ens‚ {][m-

\-{]-ta-bw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ KwKm-[-c-amcm¿, `c-X≥, _me≥\ºym¿ XpS-

ßnb ]pdw-\m-´p-Im-cmb IYm-]m-{X-߃°mWv t\mh-en¬ {]map-Jyw. Ipdp-

acpw Ipdn-®y-cp-a-S-ßp∂ BZn-hmkn tKm{X-ß-fpsS Zpcn-X-Po-hnXw ]›m-Ø-e-

Øn-sem-Xp-ßp-∂p. th¿Xn-cn™p \n∂pw {i≤-t\-Sp∂ A]q¿hw \m´p-a-\p-jy-

cn¬ ap≥ \nc-bn¬ \nev°p∂hcmbn t\mh-en-ep-≈Xv BZn-hm-kn-bmb Ip¶\pw

_μn-sb∂ ]mhw s]¨Ip-́ n-bp-am-Wv.

kzXz-_-e-ap≈ IYm-]-{X-amWv Ip¶≥. t\mh-ense aq∂m-a-[ym-b-Øn-emWv Ip¶≥

BZyw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]q¶p-∂Øv Xd-hm-́ nse Imen-s®-dp-°-\mWv Ip¶≥.

""Im´nd-ºn¬ \n¬°p∂ Hcp sht≠-°p-hr-£-Øn-t\mSv kmZr-iy-ap≠v Ip¶s‚

Infcw IqSnb DS-en\v''. Cß-s\-bmWv t\mh-enÃv Ip¶s\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-Xv. aÆn¬ apf-®p-s]m-¥nb thcp-_-e-ap≈ Hcp Icp-Ø≥ IYm-]m-{X-amWv

Ip¶≥. shfpØ ap≠pw ImXn¬ ISp-°-\p-ambn hcp∂ \h-h-c-\m-bn-́ mWv Ip¶≥

BZyw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. s]Æp-sI-́ n-sb-¶nepw XpS¿∂pw ]q¶p-∂sØ ]ip-

°sf Xm≥ Xs∂ ]men-®p-sIm≈mw F∂v Ah≥ ]q¶p-∂Øv Xd-hm-́ -Ω-bmb

Nn∂Ωp{_m“Wn-b-Ω-tbmSv Dd-∏p-]-d-bp-∂p.

{_m“-Wn-b-Ω-bpsS Pmam-Xm-hmb KwKm-[-camcm¿ Xd-hm-´p-`-c-W-ta-s‰-Sp-Ø-

tXmsS Imcy-ß-fmsI Ie-ßn-a-dn-bp-∂p. \mS≥ ]ip-°sf t]m‰p-∂Xv \jvS-am-

b-Xp-sIm≠p KwKm-[-c-am-cm¿ Ahsb Cd-®n-°m-in\p hn‰v ]pXnb C\w ]ip-

°sf hmßp∂p. hb-\m-S≥ tNdns‚ Bg-a-dn-bmØ Im´o-®-I-fp-sSbpw A -́I-fp-

sSbpw ISn-tb‰ ioe-an-√mØ \hm-Xn-Yn-Iƒ ap{I-bn´pw XΩn-enSn-bn´pw ]q¶p-

∂-Øns‚ im¥-Xsb `RvPn®p ]gb Xd-hm´p `h-\hpw s]mfn-®p-am-‰m-\p≈

XnSp-°-Øn-emWv em -̀°-Æp≈ KwKm-[-c-am-cm¿.

]q¶p-∂Øv Xd-hm-́ nse am‰-߃ Ip¶s\ ASn-apSn De-bv°p-∂p. XpSp-Øp-sIm-

gpØ a\p-jy-cpsS apJ-—m-b-bp≈ ]pXnb ]ip-°ƒ X\n-bv°]-cn-NnXamb

as‰mcp temI-Øns‚ ss]im-NnI Nn”-߃t]mse Ahs‚ ap∂n¬

Xnan¿°p∂p. KwKm[c-am-cmcpw `c-X\pw krjvSn-°p∂ ]pXnb temI-Ønse

{]P-bm-hm≥ B BZn-hm-kn-bp-hm-hn\p ]‰n-√. Ah-s\mcp hb-\m-S≥ sht≠°p

ac-am-Wt√m?

ImSns‚ hnfn tIƒ°p-∂n-S-ØmWv Ip¶≥ F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ bYm¿∞-

115

BJ-ym\]¿hw

hf¿® \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. ]q¶p-∂sØ `rXy-\m-bn-cp∂ Ip¶≥ Xm\mcm-sW∂pw

Xs‚ hgn-sb-s¥∂pw kzbw Is≠-Øp-∂p. aÆns‚ icn-bmb DSa Xm\m-sW-

∂-h-\-dn-bp-∂p.

KwKm-[-c≥ Hc-cn-hmfpw Nm°pw ap‰-tØ-s°-dn™p sImSpØp

NØp-In-S-°p∂ Hcp Xh-f-sb∂ a´n¬ ]pXnb ]Wn-bm-bp-[-ßsf H∂p t\m°o v́

Ip¶≥ Ahs‚ ]m´n-\p-t]m-bn. Nn∂Ωp{_m“-Wn-bΩ ASp-°-f-ap-‰-Øn-d-ßn-

h∂p \o´n hnfn®p:

"Ip¶m, h∂p Im∏n Ign-®n-́ p-t]m, tZmi-Xn-∂n-́ pt]m. Ip¶≥ BcpsS hnfnbpw

tI´n√' (Iqa≥sIm-√n)

taem-f-h¿K-Ønse c≠p Xe-ap-d-bp-sSbpw hnfn [n°-cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv Ip¶s‚

Im´nte-°p≈ bm{X. Imem-Im-e-ambn \ne-\n-ev°p∂ h¿K-_-‘-Øns‚ sI´p-

]m-Sp-I-fmWv Ip¶≥ apdn-s®-dn-bp-∂-Xv. {_m“-Wn-bΩ P∑n-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS kuay-

amb ]q¿h-Ime apJ-am-sW-¶n¬ KwKm-[-c-am-cm¿ AtX A[n-Im-c-i-‡n-bpsS

H´pw a\- m-£n-bn-√mØ ]pXnb cp{Z-cq-]-am-Wv.

""]≈n-bd hb-en\p aosX FØn-b-t∏mƒ Ip¶≥ \n∂p. ]nd-In¬ ImSv, apºn¬

]≈n-b-d-hb¬. ]≈n-b-d-h-b¬ Ip¶s‚ Imc-W-h∑mcptS-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. am\-

tØ°p angn-bq∂n Ip¶≥ tNmZn-®p. AtΩ ]≈n-b-d-h-b¬ R߃°p Xncn®p

In´ptam''? (Iqa≥sIm-√n)

hb-epw ImSpapgp-h\pw Xs‚ tKm{X-Øns‚Xmbn-cp-∂p-sh∂ Xncn-®-dn-

hn¬\n∂mWv Ip¶-\n-te°v ]pXn-sbm-cp¿÷{]hm-l-ap-≠m-hp-∂-Xv. ]≈n-b-d-

hb¬ ]t£ ]pXp-{]-am-Wn-bmb `c-Xs‚ ssIbn-em-Wv. ]ns∂ Ip¶\v kz¥-

am-°m-hp-∂Xv ae-ap-I-fnse ImSm-Wv. Ip¶s‚ Im´n-te-°p≈ bm{X BZn-hm-kn-

bpsS BZn-a-Z-i-bn-te-bv°p≈ Xncn-®p-t]m-°mbn hymJym-\n-°-s∏-Smw. ]t£

Xncn-®p-t]m-°n-e-∏pdw AXv Xncn®p ]nSn-bv°-em-Wv. aÆn-s\bpw kz¥w A[zm-

\-sØbpw Xs‚ h¿K-Øn-\mbn Xncn®p ]nSn-bv°¬.

Ip¶≥ ae-ap-I-fnse hf-°q-dp≈ I∂n-a-Æn-te-s°-Øp∂ `mKw `mhm-fl-I-amb

`mj-bn-emWv t\mh-enÃv h¿Æn-°p-∂-Xv. Im´p-aÆv s]ÆmWv Ip¶≥ \h-h-

c\pw Ah-cpsS eb-\-amWv B h\-k-am-K-aw.

"" BÀm-Z-tØmsS Ip¶≥ angn-I-fp-b¿Øn hnf¿Ø BIm-i-an-√. tXmcWw

Xq°n Hcp henb Ieym-W-∏-¥¬. \dpaWw hoip∂ Cfw-sX-∂¬ ]mSp∂

Ipbn-ep-Iƒ. Ipc-h-bn-Sp∂ ae-b-Æm≥. Ipe-hn-f°p sXfn-bn® sIm∂-Iƒ''

Hcp hnhm-l-a-fi-]-Øns‚ Nn{X-amWv B kμ¿ -̀Ønse h¿W-\-bn¬ hncn-

bp-∂-Xv. \h-h-[p-hn-s\-t∏mepw ssIhn´p h∂ Ip¶\v B aÆp-X-s∂-bmWv

116

So®¿ sSIvÃv

Xmen-sI-´nb s]Æv.

"" hb¬ \n߃ X´n-sb-Sp-Ømepw Cu ImSv Ft‚-Xm-Wt√m'' F∂p Ip¶≥

temI-tØmSv hnfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.

Ip¶-s\m-cn-°epw ]n∂oSv ]pdw-tem-I-tØ-°n-d-ßp-∂n-√. Ducn-√, _‘p-°-fn√

F√mw B ae-ap-I-fnse Im´p-X-Sw-X-s∂.

hwi-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS Dd-hn-S-߃ A\ym-[o-\-s∏´p t]mIp-tºmƒ ]I®p

\nev°p∂ temIsØ BZn-hm-kn-I-fp-sSsb√mw {]XoIw Xs∂-bmWv Ip¶≥.

Ah-sc-tßm-´mWv Xncn-tb-≠Xv? Bcm-Wh¿°-`bw?. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS h\y-im-

Zz-e-X-bn-tebv°v ]em-b\w sNøp-tºmƒ ]cn-jvIrX a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-tØmSv

]e tNmZy-ß-fp-ap-b-cp-∂p-≠v. AXmWv `qan-bv°-Xn¿Øn Xncn-°p-∂-Xv. AXmWv

aÆns‚ t\c-h-Im-in, AXv Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xmcv? Cßs\ \nc-h[n {]iv\-ß-

fp-∂-bn-®p-sIm-≠mWv Ip¶≥ GIm-¥-Po-hnXw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xv. Ip¶s‚ h\w

Itø-‰-samgn-∏n-°m≥ h∂ h\-]m-e-I-t\mSv AXn-Yn-tbm-sS∂ t]mse-bmWv

Ip¶≥ s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xv. Xm≥ Xs∂bmWv ho´p-S-a-sb∂ \n›bw Ip¶\v ssIh-

∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-W-Xv.

]mT-`m-KØv {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ as‰mcp IYm-]m{Xw IrjvW≥ \ºo-i-\m-Wv.

Ip¶-\p-ambn lrZ-b-kw-hmZw \S-Øm≥ ]‰p∂ Hcmƒ \ºo-i-\m-Wv. ImcWw

aÆns‚ anSn-∏-dn-bp∂ I¿j-I-\m-W-bmƒ. ]q¶p-∂Øp Xd-hm-́ nse ]p{Xo ̀ ¿Øm-

hmWv \ºo-i≥. ]t£ amcm-sc-t∏m-setbm `c-X-s\-t∏m-setbm aÆns\

Ii°n s]m∂m-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-h-\-√. Irjn \ºo-i\v {]Ir-Xn-]-cn-N-c-W-

amWv. hnØp-Iƒ F√m-h¿°pw th≠n Icp-Xn-h-bv°p∂ hnth-In. Cu IrjvW≥

\ºo-is‚ aI-\mb apc-fnsb hb-\m-S≥ aÆn-s‚bpw ssPh-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw

`mhnIme-kw-c-£-I-\mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv "Iqa≥sIm√n' Ah-km-\n-

°p-∂Xv F∂Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv.

]q¶p-∂Øv ]cm-Xntbm ]cn-̀ -htam t]mep-an-√msX Imen-s®-°-\mbn HXp-ßn-

°q-Sn-bn-cp∂ Ip¶\v s]s -́∂p-≠m-hp∂ ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ bp‡n hni-I-e\w

sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. Xd-hm-́ nse sXmgp-Øn¬ ]pXnb C\w ]ip-°sf I≠-tXm-

sS-bmWv Ip¶\v a\w-a-dn-®n-ep-≠m-hp-∂-Xv. Ah-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ F´m-a-[ym-b-Ønse

Nne h¿W-\-Iƒ {]k-‡-am-Wv.

""AIØp _l-f-amWv Nhn-́ n-°p-S-bp∂ Ipf-sºm-®-Iƒ sImºp-Iƒ XΩn-ep-c-

 p∂ i_vZw. CSbv°v CS-dn-ho-gp∂ ap°d''.

""AIØv At∏mgpw bp≤w \S-°p-I-bm-Wv. Npc-am-¥p∂ Imf-°q-‰-∑m¿. IpØm-

t\mßn c≠Sn ]nt∂m°w hbv®v apJ-tØmSp apJw D‰p-t\m-°p∂h¿''

a\p-jy-cpsS apJ-—m-b-bp≈ Imen-I-sf∂v F´m-a-[ym-b-Øn¬ _m“-Wn-bΩ

117

BJ-ym\]¿hw

Ahsb hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® h¿W-\m-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

Cu amSns‚ Iq -́Øn\v t\mh-en¬ kmam-\y-Øn¬ Ihn™ kqN-\m-{]m-[m-\y-

ap-s≠∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂p. ap{I-bn´pw, ]c-kv]cw Nhn-´p-°q-´m-\pw bp≤w \S-

Øm\pw Cu ]pXnb C\w amSp-Iƒ a’-cn-°p∂X,v amdp∂ ]pXnb Itºm-f-

tem-I-Øns‚ {]Xn-cq-]-ambn amdp-∂p-≠v. Aß-s\-sbmcp temIsØ AXn-Po-

hn-°m≥ kc-f-_p-≤n-bmb BZn-hm-knbv°v km[y-a-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ip¶≥

ae-a-S-°p-I-fn-te°v ]n∑m-dp-∂-Xv.

hn]-Wn-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ \oXn-imkv{Xw am{Xw \S-∏m-hp∂ Hcp temI-{I-a-

Øn¬ ]pd-¥-≈-s∏-Sp-Itbm ]n∑m-dp-Itbm sNøp∂ Ac-£nX Pohn-X-ß-fpsS

{]Xo-I-amWv Ip¶≥. AtX-k-abw as‰mcp temI-krjvSn km[y-am-sW∂ {]Xo-

£bpw Ip¶-\neqsS shfn®w hbv°p-∂p.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

Im´nte°v aS-ßm-\p≈Xo{h-amb taml-amWv Ip¶\pw sIºnbpw

{]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p.

"ImSv hnfn-°p∂p F∂ ]mT-̀ m-Khpw "amthen-a‚' Øn¬ \n∂p ]mT-]p-kvX-

I-Øn¬ tN¿Øn-́ p≈ `mKhpw Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤m-]q¿Δw hmbn-°-s´.

Fs¥ms° kmZr-iy-ß-fmWv Cu c≠p-I-Ym-]m-{X-߃ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

$ ImSns‚ `mK-amb Ip¶\pw sIºnbpw ImSns‚ aSn-Ø-́ n-te°v sN√m≥

sImXn-°p-∂p.

$ {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn CW-ßn-t®-cp∂ Cu c≠p IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw ImSns\ AΩ-

bmbpw Imap-In-bmbpw A -̀b-ambpw ImWp-∂p.

$ ImSn\p-]p-dØv c≠p IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw ]m¿iz-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-́ -h-cm-Wv.

$ B[p-\nI kwkvImc-tØmSv hnap-JX Im´p-∂-h-cm-Wv.

Cu kqN-\-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

"ImSp-hn-fn-°p∂p' F∂ ]mT-̀ m-K-Ønse `mjm-{]-tbm-K-ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-

I-s≠Øn Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

Ip´n-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn sNtø≠ {]h¿Ø-\-am-WnX.v ]mT-̀ mKw Ip´n-

Iƒ hni-Z-ambn hmbn-°-Ww. {i≤nt-°≠ khn-ti-j-amb `mjm-{]-

118

So®¿ sSIvÃv

tbmK-ßsf°p-dn®v kqN-\-\-evIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ a´n-∏q-hns‚ aWw ]c-°p∂ Im‰v Ahs\ Xmtem-en-®p.

$ hnf¿Ø BIm-i-an√ tXmcWwXqInb Ieym-W-∏-¥¬.

$ Ipe-hn-f°v sXfn-bn® sIm∂-Iƒ

$

Ip´n-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Xbm-dm-°nb Ipdn-∏p-I-fn¬ aqt∂m \mtem Ipdn-∏p-

Iƒ ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. Ah-X-cn-∏n® Ipdn-∏n-t∑¬ eLp-N¿® \S-Ømw.

{]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn XnI®pw CW-ßn-Po-hn-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p∂ Ip¶s‚ F√m

kuμ-cy-k-¶-ev]hpw sshIm-cn-I-Xbpw {]Ir-Xn-kw-_-‘-amWv F∂ Adn-hmWv

Ip´n-Iƒ°p e`n-t°-≠-Xv.

Ip¶s‚ am\-kn-Im-hÿ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv IYm-]m{X \ncq-]Ww

Xbmdm°mw.

h¿Ø-am-\-Ime PohnXw Zp -l-am-Ip-tºmƒ Hm¿Ω-I-fn-se°pw k¶-ev]-ß-fn-

se°pw HmSn-sbm-fn-°pI F∂Xv F√m a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw BZna t{]c-W-bm-Wv.

AXn-Po-hn-\-Øn-\p≈ {ia-amWv AXp-hgn krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv.

]q¶p-∂sØ sXmgp-Øn\p ]pd-In¬ Dt]-£n-°-s∏´ hs°m-Sn™ Xqº-b√

Xms\∂v sXfn-bn-®m¬ am{Xta Ip¶\v \ne-\n-ev]p-≈q.

$ ASn-a-tPm-en-tbm-Sp≈ hnap-JX

$ Nqj-W-tØm-Sp≈ Aa¿jw.

Ch Ip¶s‚ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Po-hn-X-amWv AXn¬ \n∂p≈ c£-s∏-S-em-Wv.

$ ImSn-t\m-Sp≈ Bfl-_-‘w.

$ Irjn-sN-øm-\p≈ Xo{h-amb B{K-lw.

Cu kqN-\-Iƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm°n IYm-]m-{X-\n-cq-

]Ww sNømw.

{]Y-a-km-bm”w

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

kndn-bIv B‚Wn F∂ [\n-I\pw Btcm-K-y-k-º-∂-\p-amb Aº-Øn-b-©p-

Im-c≥ ap∏-Xp-Im-cnbmb c≠mw `mcy kmd-bpsS \n¿_-‘-Øn\p hgßn (Hcp

119

BJ-ym\]¿hw

sNdp-∏-°m-cs\ hnhmlw Ign-°-W-sa∂ kmd-bpsS Xocp-am-\-amWv \n¿_-‘-

Øn\p ]nd-In¬ ˛ F∂-bmƒ Adn-bp-∂n-√) Unkw-_-dnse Hcp {]`m-X-Øn¬

hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn-se-Øn-t®-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂p≈ ]Øp-am-k-߃°n-S-bn¬ Abmƒ

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp∂ hr≤-cmb At¥-hm-kn-Ifpw \n¿ae, I{Xo\, kqk∂ F∂o

\gvkp-amcpw kZ\w Ub-d-IvS-¿ C¿hm-Zokpw lcn-Zmkv F∂ ¢m¿°pw Dƒs∏-

-́XmWv t\mh-ense IYm-]m-{X-߃.

BZ-y-̀ m-c-y-bmb B·-kns\ ip{iq-jn°m≥ h∂-h-fm-bn-cp∂p kmd. B·-kns‚

ac-W-tijw kmd B ÿm\w Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂p. kndn-bIv B‚-Wn-bpsS `mj-

bn¬ ]d-™m¬ GIm-¥-amb Xs‚ cpNn-I-fn-te°v IS∂ph∂-h-fmWv kmd.

B·-kn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ kvt\l-km-{μ-ab Hm¿Ω-Ifpw t\mh-en-ep-≠v. kZ-\-

Ønse At¥-hm-kn-I-fp-ambn Abmƒ Bfl-_‘w ÿm]n-°p-∂n-√. Xm≥

X¬°m-e-tØ°v hs∂m-cmƒ am{X-am-sW∂mWv kndn-bIv B‚Wn hnizkn-

°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv. bmYm¿∞yw Aß-s\-b-s√-¶n¬t∏m-epw.

F√mw Im]-S-y-am-Ip∂ Cu B[p-\nI Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ hm¿≤-I-yhpw hnev]\-®-

c-°m-Ip-∂p. C¿hm-Zo-kn-s\-t∏m-se-bp-≈-h¿ AXv hfsc IrX-y-ambn apX-se-Sp-

°p-I-bpw sNøp-∂p. C¿hm-Zo-kn-s\- BZy ImgvN-bn¬Øs∂ Hcp sIm≈-°m-

c-\m-bn-́ mWv kndn-b-In\v tXm∂p-∂-Xv. ]d-™-Xns‚ Cc´n XpI-\-¬In-bmWv

kmd Xs‚ `¿Øm-hns\ hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn¬ G¬∏n°p-∂-Xv. am\p-jn-I-Xbpw

kvt\l-hp-sa√mw shdpw `mh-\-Ifmbn amdp-∂p. CXns‚ sISp-Xn-bmWv kndn-

bIv A\p-̀ -hn-°p-∂-Xv.

]mc-Un-bpsS ssien-bn-emWv "hr≤-k-Z\w' cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kmdbpsS \n¿_-

‘-Øn\p hg-ßn- hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ahƒ ImWn-°p∂ hnt[-

bXzw Bg-ta-dn-bXpw hnim-e-hp-amb kvt\l-ambn kndn-bIv Icp-Xp-∂p. ChnsS

kvt\l-Øn\v hntZzjw F∂ hncp-≤-amb A¿∞-am-Wp-≈-Xv. kndnbIns\

hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn¬ Gev]n-°p∂ ka-bØv kmdtbmSv C¿hm-Zokv ]d-bp∂ Imcyw

{it≤-b-am-Wv. B apdn-bn¬ Xma-kn-t°≠ Bƒ Hcp at\m-tcm-Km-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬

h®v acn-®p-t]m-bn. B apdn kndn-b-In\v D]-tbm-Kn-°m-sa∂v ]d-bp∂p. "\nß-

fpsS `¿Ømhv' F∂-Xn -\p -]-Icw \nß-fpsS am\-y -hr≤≥ F∂mWv

hntijn∏n°p∂-Xv. ]t£ AXv Abmƒ ]d-™-h-km-\n-∏n-®-t∏mƒ kmd

Ipcnip hc-®-XmWv kndn-b-Ins\ \Sp-°n-b-Xv. F¥n-\m-bn-cn°pw Ahƒ Ipcniv

hc-®-Xv. "sIm∂pIf™ B hr≤\p th≠ntbm'? Pohn-XImew apgp-h≥ Ign-

bm≥ F\n-s°mcp apdn ]Xn-®p-X∂ ssZh-Øn-\p-th-≠ntbm? ˛ aX-]-chpw `mjm-

]-c-hp-amb kz-X-z-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ BJ-ym-\-X-e-߃ IqSn t\mh-en¬ sXfn-bp∂p.

t\mh-ense tI{μ-I-Ym-]m-{X-amb kndn-bIv B‚Wn hmb-\-°m-c-\p-ambn \S-

120

So®¿ sSIvÃv

Øp∂ Hcp cl-k-y-kw-̀ m-j-Wtam kwhm-Ztam BWv Cu t\mh-ens‚ BJ-ym-

\-co-Xn. BJ-ym-\-cq]w Xs∂ t\mh-ens‚ B¥-cnI kØsb \n¿-Æ-bn-°p-

Ibpw \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv "t]mÃp-tam-tU¨ ^n£s‚' Hcp s]mXp-

k-z-̀ m-h-am-Wv. cq]w Xs∂ D≈-S-°-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ Hc-h-ÿ-bm-Wn-Xv.

hr≤-k-Z-\-Ønse `mj efn-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu emfn-Xyw _ml-y-X-e-Øn¬

am{Xta ImWp-I-bp-≈q. sFd-Wn-Ifpw \¿tΩm-‡n-Ifpw hnl-z-e-Nn-{X-ßfpw

\nd™ Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp kwkm-c-`mj t\mh-en¬ A\p-`-h-߃°p

]Icw hbv°m≥ sIm®p-_mh Xnc-s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu `mj km[m-cW

t\mh-ep-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ km{º-Zm-bnI kmln-X-y-`m-j-tbmSp CS™p

\n¬°p∂ `mj-bm-Wv.

hm¿≤-I-ysØ Hcp im]-ambn ImWp∂ \ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn¬ hr≤-∑m¿ s]mXp-

[m-c-bn¬ \n∂p A\-y-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. hr≤\vam¿°v \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp∂

PohnXw Hcp kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ iq\-y-X-sbbpw C√m-bva-sbbp-amWv {]Xn-\n-

[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv. hr≤-∑m¿°pth≠n hr≤-k-Z\w ]Wn-bp-∂-Xv Ah-c-√.

hm¿≤Iyw Hcp im]tam tcmKtam B°p∂ hy-h-ÿ-bpsS Imh¬°m-cm-Wv.

sIm®p-_m-hbpsS hr≤-kZ\w Ah¿°p-th≠n Db¿Ø-s∏-́ -Xm-Wv.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

Xcp-W\p-sS-bp-÷z-te-£-W-tØ-°mƒ ho£m˛

hncpXp Ing-hs‚ aßnb angn-°t{X

hmkvX-h-an-Xn-∂n-h-\-dn™p hneIqSpw

hm¿≤-Iy-Øqsh-≈n-°p-bu-h-\-Ø-¶-tØ-°mƒ

(bph-̀ n£p ˛ kmln-Xy-a-RvPcn \memw-̀ m-Kw)

h≈-tØm-fns‚ Cu hcn-Iƒ°v C°m-e-Øp≈ {]k‡n F¥m-sW∂v Ip´n-

I-tfmSv tNmZn-°mw. Ah-cpsS {]Xn-I-cWw Ipdn-∏mbn Xbm-dm-°-s´. ct≠m

aqt∂m Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

kqN-\-Iƒ

$ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hm¿≤Iyw

$ s]cp-In-h-cp∂ hr≤-k-Z-\-߃

$ Dt]-£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ

121

BJ-ym\]¿hw

$ tIc-f-Ønse IpSpw-_-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ h∂ am‰w

XpS¿∂v {]Y-a-km-bmlv\w F∂ ]mT-`m-K-Øns‚ Bi-b-kq-N\ Ip´n-Iƒ

Xbmdm°s´

\njv°-cp-W-amb Dt]-£n-°-en-s\-t∏mepw kpμc temI-tØ-°p≈ hgn-bmbn

Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ Im]Syw ]pXnb temI-Øns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bmtWm? ]mT-̀ m-KsØ

ap≥\n¿Øn ]cn-tim-[n°mw.

¢mkn¬ Hcp s]mXp-N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

ka-Im-enI kw -̀h-ßfpw Cu hnjbw ssIImcyw sNøp∂ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-

Ifpw kn\n-a-bp-sa√mw N¿®-bpsS ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcmw.

$ a\p-jy-cpsS GXv hn]-coX Ah-ÿbpw \√-Xm-sW∂ hn]-W\ X{¥w

$ ]cn-jvIrX temI-Øns‚ Im]-Syw.

$ hm¿≤Iyw D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-am-sW∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sv.

$

$

Cu kqN-\-Iƒ N¿®-bn¬ IS-∂p-h-cmw.

B[p-\nI temI-Øns‚ Cu Im]Syw "{]Y-a-km-bm”w' Øn¬ F{X-tØm-f-ap-

s≠∂v Ip´n-Iƒ I≠-Ø-s´.

$ kmd hr≤-k-Z-\-Øns‚ `wKn-sb-°p-dn®v hmNm-e-bm-hp-∂p.

$ hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°m≥ Ah-kcw In´nbXv kndn-b-°ns‚ `mKy-am-

sW∂v ]d-bp-∂p.

$ C¿hm-Znkv kndn-b-°ns\ _lp-am-\y-\mb AXn-Yn-bmbn hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂p.

Cu kqN-\-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv kzm`n-{]m-b-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

kmd, C¿Δm-Zokv F∂o IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

Ip´n-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNø-s´.

$ kmd hm¿≤-Iy-Ønt-e°v {]th-in-°p∂ `¿Øm-hns\ `mc-ambn ImWp-∂-

h-fm-Wv.

$ Xs‚ PohnXw kpJm-\p-̀ hkº-∂-am-°m-\mWv Ah-fpsS tamlw

$ Ahƒ `¿Øm-hn-t\mSv shdp-tX-sb-¶nepw {]nb-am-sW∂v `mhn-°p-∂p.

122

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ C¿Δm-Zokv X{¥-im-en-bmb Hcp I®-h-S-°m-c-\mWv

$ Abmƒ kndn-bIv B‚-Wnsb h®v ]c-am-h[n ]Ww t\Sm-\p≈ {ia-Øn-

em-Wv.

$ am\y-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-sºmgpw Abm-fpsS a\- nse lo\X ]pd-Øp-h-

cp-∂p-≠v.

A`n-{]m-b-߃ kw{K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnse c≠p

hmIy-ß-fn-tebpw [z\n-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ "DZm-c-aXn' F∂v hnfn-°p-∂Xv `¿Øm-hns\ hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn-ep-t]-£n-°p∂

kzm¿∞-bmb Hcp kv{XobmW.v Xm≥ sNøp-∂Xv henb kmaq-ly-tk-h\

{]oXn P\n-∏n-°m≥ C¿hm-Zokv {ian-°p-∂p.

$ \ncm-ew-_-\mb hr≤s\ NqjWw sNøp-∂-XmWv ÿm]-\-Øns‚ hnPbw

F∂-bmƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

Abm-fpsS hm°n≥]p-dØv Rm≥ NØp-In-S-°p-I-bmWv F∂Xv khn-ti-j-

amb Hcp hmIy-amWv. kndn-b°v B‚-Wn-bpsS hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ ac-WsØ C¿hm-

Zokv \njvI-cpWw ChnsS kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. hr≤-k-Z-\-Ønse Xs‚ acWw

Xm≥ Xs∂ I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ahÿ C¿hm-Zokv krjvSn-°p-∂p.

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ a‰p hmIy-߃ Is≠Øn Ip´n-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNø-s´.

Ip´n-Iƒ hmIy-Øns‚ kμ¿`hpw A¿∞hpw Is≠-Ø-s´. ÿm]-\-

Øns‚ ]Xnhv coXn-Iƒ F¥mhmw?

$ At¥-hm-kn-Iƒ°v th≠ ]cn-K-W\ In´m-dn√

$ Ah-tcmSv cq£-am-bmWv CS-s]-Sp-∂Xv

$

kndn-bIv B‚-Wn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ hyXy-kvX-amb kao-]\w ssIs°m-≈p-

∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠m-Imw.

$ Xm≥ hfsc \√ Bfm-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥

$ IqSp-X¬ ]Ww X´n-sb-Sp-°m≥

$ kmd-bpsS icoc kuμ-cy-Øn¬ IÆp-≈-Xp-sIm≠v

123

BJ-ym\]¿hw

C¿hm-Zokv F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ kz`mh khn-ti-jX ap≥

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ h∂Xv {i≤n-°p-a-t√m.

"Hm \nß-sfmcp `mKy-hm-\mtW' kmd-bpsS Cu hmIy-߃ Ip´n-I-fpsS {i≤-

bn¬s∏-Sp-Øp-I. Dt±-in-°p∂ A¿∞w Xs∂-bmtWm Cu hmIyw Xcp-∂-Xv.

]mTkμ¿ -̀Øn¬ Cu hmIyw \¬Ip∂ A¿∞w F¥m-Wv. A≥]-Øn-b©p

hb- mb kndn-bIv B‚WnbpsS `mcy- At±-lsØ hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn¬ Dt]-

£n-°p-bmWv. CXv XnI®pw \n¿`m-Ky-am-Wv.

IYm]m{X-Øns‚ `mKy-t°-Sn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Fs¥ms° kqN-\-I-fmWv ]mT-

`m-K-Øn-ep-≈Xv?

$ A≥]-Øn-b©v hb-t -bp≈q F¶nepw Hcp ]q¿Æ-hr-≤-s\-t∏m-se-bmWv

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

$ `mcy Abm-tfm-Sp-Im-Wn-°p∂ DZm-cX shdpw \mSy-amWv

$ hr≤-k-Z-\-Ønse `oIc-amb hnc-kX Abmsf hcn™p apdp-°p-∂p.

hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn¬ kndn-bIv B‚-Wn°v D≠m-Ip∂ Nn¥bpw hnIm-c-ßfpw Fs¥-

√m-am-Wv?

$ `mcy Dt]-£n® Abmƒ Xo¿Øpw ZpxJnX-\m-hp-∂p.

$ {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Xpd∂p {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.

$ kZ-\-Ønse Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ Abm-sf izmkw ap´n-®p.

$ AhnsS Pohn-°m≥ Abmƒ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

N¿®-Iƒs°m-Sp-hn¬ ]pXn-b-Ime ka-ky-Isf t\cn-Sp∂ hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚ {]Xn-

\n[n F∂ \ne-bn¬ kndn-bIv B‚-Wnsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØn Hcp Ipdn∏v Xbm-

dm-°p-I.

]mT-̀ m-KsØ tI{μ-IYm]m{Xw Bcm-sW-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Hcp N¿®

\S-°-s´. ]mT-̀ m-KsØ {][m\ IYm-]m-{X-߃ Bsc-√m-amWv

$ C¿hm-Zokv

$ kmd

124

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ C¿hm-Zokpw kmd-bp-ambn CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ IYm-

]m-{X-߃

$ kndn-b°v B‚-Wn.

kndn-bIv B‚-Wn-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-sb¥v?

]mT-`m-KsØ tI{μ-I-Ym-]m-{X-am-sW-¶nepw kndn-bIv B‚Wn kwkmcn°p-

∂-tX-bn√. F¥m-bn-cn°mw t\mh-enÃv tI{μIYm-]m-{XsØ Cßs\ aqI-X-

bn¬ \n¿Øn-b-Xv. t\mh-ens‚ BJym-\-Øns‚ Hcp khn-ti-jX tI{μ-I-Ym-

]m-{XsØ Abm-fpsS am\-knI k©m-c-ß-fn-eqsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂-Xm-

Wv. {]tXy-In®v H∂pw kwkm-cn-°mØ Abm-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Bfl-K-X-

ambn {]h-ln-®p-sImt≠ Ccn-°p-∂p. a‰p IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS kw`m-j-W-ß-

sfbpw {]hrØn-sbbpw sXm´p-sIm≠v Hmtcm L -́Ønepw kndn-bIv B‚Wn

Xs‚ {]Xn-tj-[-ßfpw thZ-\-Ifpw Bi-¶-Ifpw D≈psIm≠v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-

s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

$ IYm]m{XØns‚ hnlz-e-amb Bfl-k-©m-c-ßsf ]n≥Xp-S-cp-I-bmWv

t\mh-en-eqsS sNøp-∂-Xv.

$ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS BZy-̀ m-KØv D≤-cn-®-hmIyw t]mse-bp≈ a‰p-hm-Iy-

߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ "\nß-sfmcp `mKy-hm-\mtW' F∂ hmIy-Øn¬ kmd-bpsS ]cn-lmkw

hywKy-am-Wv.

$ \nß-sf-t∏m-ep≈ DZm-c-a-Xn-I-fmWv Rß-fp-sS hnP-bw.

$ \ΩpsS _lp-am-\y-\mb Cu AXnYn°v Fs¥-¶nepw kw -̀hn-®p-sh-∂n-cn-

°-s´. t^m¨ \º-dn-s√-¶n¬ Fßs\ Adn-bn-°pw.

$ Hcp kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø hn´p-t]m-b-Xn¬ £an-°-Ww. t\ctØ apdn -_p°p

sNbvXn-́ n-cp∂ at‰-I£n at\m-tcm-Km-ip-]-{Xn-bn¬ h®v acn-®p-t]m-bn.

F∂o hmIy-ß-fn-sems° ka-Im-enI kaq-l-Øns‚ \njvI-cp-WX shfn-s∏-

Sp-Øp∂ Bt£-]-lm-ky-Øns‚ km∂n≤yw D≠v.

henb am\-knI hyY-Isf Bt£]lmky-Øn¬ Nmen®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥

t\mh-enÃv {ian-°p-∂p. N¿®-Iƒ°pw Bib kw{K-l-Øn\pw tijw {]Y-a-

km-bm-”-Øns‚ BJym\ khn-ti-j-X-sb-°p-dn®v {]_‘w Xbm-dm°mw.

]©-h¿Æ-°nfn

125

BJ-ym\]¿hw

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

ae-bmf t\mh-ens‚ hgn-Øn-cn-hmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p∂ IrXn-bmWv H. hn. hnP-

bs‚ "Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkw'. Cu t\mh-ense Hcp khn-ti-j- IYm-]m-{X-

amb A∏p-°n-fn-sb-°p-dn®pw B IYm-]m{Xw Xs‚ a\- n¬ cq]w sIm≈m-\n-

S-bmb kml-N-c-y-sØ°p-dn-®p-amWv CXn-lm-k-Øn‚ CXn-lmkw F∂ IrXn-

bnse "]©-h¿Æ-°nfn' F∂ teJ-\Øn¬ t\mh-enÃv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Jkm-°nse GIm-[-ym-]I hnZ-ym-e-b-Øn¬ A[-ym-]-I-\m-sb-Øp∂ chn-bpsS

ImgvN-bn-te°v XpS-°-Øn¬Øs∂ A∏p-°n-fn-sb-Øp-∂p-≠v. ""At∏mgmWv B

IpXncØe-bs\ chn I≠-Xv. Ip´ntbm apXn¿∂ a\p-j-yt\m F∂p \n¿Æ-bn-

°m≥ hø. Hcp ]®-Øp-ºnsb \qen¬ sI´n-∏-d-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Ah≥ Ip´n-I-

fpsS \Sp-hn¬ \n∂p. D¥n-\n∂ Np≠p-Iƒ, ]n™mWw t]mse aßnb IÆp-

Iƒ, Hcp ap°m¬ a\p-j-ys‚ DSev, ]t£ ssIIm¬ \s∂ apc-Sn-®p-t]m-I-

bm¬ Hcp Ip´n-bpsS hep-∏-ta -tXm-∂n-®p-≈p. _me-ytam buh-\tam hm¿≤-

I-ytam B apJØv sXfn-™n-√''. "Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkw' a\- n¬ cq]w

sIm≈p-∂-Xn\v F{Xtbm apºp-Xs∂ A∏p-°nfn Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ a\- n¬

cq]w-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Xs‚ apØ-—s‚ ]T-\-Im-eØv hnIvtSm-dnb tImtf-Pn¬

tXm -́∏Wn t\m°n-bn-cp∂ IpSpw-_-Ønse AwK-amWv A∏p-°n-fn. t\mh-ense

A∏p-°n-fn-sb-t∏mse A©-Ω-am-cpsS aI≥. s]m´\pw sIm™-\p-am-Wv. Jkm-

°nse A∏p-°n-fn-bn¬ \n∂pw hy-X-y-kvX-amWv cq]hpw {]Ir-X-hpw. t\mh-

en¬ BZyw Hcp ^enX IYm-]m-{X-ambn {]X-y-£-s∏-Sp∂ A∏p-°nfn ]n∂oSv

Hcp Zm¿i-\nI IYm-]m-{X-ambn hnI-kn-°p-∂p. At∏m-sgms° Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚

a\- n¬ Ip´n-°m-eØv Xm≥ tI´p-h-f¿∂ B ]©-h¿Æ-°nfn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

ImcWw hf¿®-sb-Ønb a\p-j-ys‚ Z¿i-\-ß-sf-°mƒ KqVhpw kº-∂-hp-

amWv Ip´n-bpsS Z¿i-\-߃.

Jkm-°n-se A∏p-°n-fn-bpsS cq]-̀ m-h-߃°v ASn-ÿm\w H. hn. hnP-bs‚

ka-Im-eo-\-\mb Hcp hy-‡n-bm-Wv. Xs‚ ho´n¬ the-°m-cn-bm-bn-cp∂

IeymWnb®nbpsS aI≥ them-≠n. Aßs\ hy-X-y-kvX-amb c≠p-t]-cpsS

ka-\-z-b-amWv Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-Ønse Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-\mb A∏p-°nfn.

Hcp Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Xs‚ IYm-]m-{X-ßsf iq\-y-X-bn¬\n∂p krjvSn-s®-Sp-

°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. ]e-t∏mgpw Xs‚ A\p-̀ h ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈

ImgvN-I-fn¬ \n∂v Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm cq]w sIm≈p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

AXn\p ]n∂nse ck-X{¥w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv "]©-h¿Æ-°nfn' bneqsS

126

So®¿ sSIvÃv

H. hn. hnP-b≥.

]cn-N-b-ap≈ t\mh¬ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw A∏p-°n-fn-°p≈ hyXymkw

Ip´n-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°s´. A∏p-°nfn a\- p-sIm≠v Ft∏mgpw _mey-Øn-emWv.

aμ-_p≤n F∂p tXm∂n-°p-sa-¶nepw Ah\v Ah-t‚-Xmb Nne shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ

D≠v. {]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv Ahs‚ IÆpw ImXpw Hc-£-c-Øn¬ Xs∂ F√m

Adn-hp-ap-s≠∂v A∏p-°nfn Icp-Xp-∂p.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkw F∂ t\mh¬ hmbn® A\p-̀ -h-Øn¬ \n∂v

Ip´n-Iƒ A∏p-°n-fn-sb-°p-dn®v t\Snb Adn-hp-Iƒ h®v hyXy-kvX-

amb Hcp IYm-]m{Xw F∂ \ne-bn¬ A∏p-°n-fnsb hni-I-e\w

sNbvXv Hcp Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.

A∏p-°nfn F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ ]ndhn Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-

sX-ß-s\-sb∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lm-k-Øn¬ A∏p-°n-fnsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ `mKw Ip´n-

I-fpsS {i≤-bn¬s∏Sp-Øp-I.

""At∏m-gmWv B IpXn-c-Ø-e-bs\ chn-I-≠-Xv. Ip´ntbm apXn¿∂ a\p-jyt\m

F∂p \n¿Æ-bn-°p-hm≥ hø. Hcp ]®-Øp-ºnsb \qen¬ sI´n-∏-d-∏n-®p-sIm≠v

Ah≥ Ip´n-IfpsS \Sp-hn¬ \n∂p.

Hcp ap°m¬ a\p-jys‚ DS-ev, ]t£ ssIIm¬ \s∂ apc-Sn-®p-t]m-I-bm¬

BsI samØw Hcp Ip´n-bpsS hep-∏ta tXm∂n-®p-≈q. _meytam buh-\tam

hm¿≤-Iytam Bap-JØv sXfn-bp-∂n-√.

]©-h¿Æ-°n-fn-bn¬ sXfn-bp∂ A∏p-°n-fn-bp-sSbpw them-≠n-bp-sSbpw {]Ir-

X-hp-ambn t\mh-ense A∏p-°n-fnsb Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn t\m°q Fs¥ms°

kmZr-iy-߃ ImWmw.

$ J-km-°nse A∏p-°n-fn-bpsS cq]-`m-h-߃°v ASn-ÿm\w them-≠n-

bmWv.

$ A∏p-°n-fn-sb∂ t]cpw Nne kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-W-ßfpw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-

∂Xv t\mh-en-Ãns‚ apØ-—s‚ ]cn-N-b-Øn¬s∏´ am\-kn-I-h-f¿®-

127

BJ-ym\]¿hw

C√mØ Hcm-fp-sS-Xm-Wv.

Cu kqN-\-Ifn¬ \n∂v A∏p-°nfn F∂ IYm]m{Xw ]nd-hn-sIm-≈p∂sXß-

s\-sb∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-°mw.

Fw. Sn. bpsSbpw H. hn. hnP-b-s‚bpw cN-\m-\p-̀ -h-ß-fnse kam-\-

X-Ifpw hyXy-kvX-X-Ifpw Xmc-X-ayw-sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

]©-h¿Æ-°nfn F∂ teJ-\hpw Ipt´y-SØn F∂ IYmc-N\bv°v ]n∂n¬

Fw. Sn. shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ImYn-Is‚ ]Wn-∏p-c-bnse sXc-s™-SpØ `mKhpw

hni-Z-ambn Ip´n-Iƒ hmbn-°-s´. F¥p kam-\-X-Ifpw hyXy-kvX-X-I-fp-amWv

Ip´n-Iƒ°v CXn¬ \n∂v Is≠-Øm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xv.

$ ]cn-N-b-ko-a-bn¬s∏´ Bfp-Iƒ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fm-hp-∂p.

$ Ipt´y-SØn Bfl-\njvTamWv.

$ Ipt´y-S-Øn-bpsS ]ndhn Hscm‰ hy‡n-bn¬ \n∂m-Wv.

$ A∏p-°n-fn-bn¬ H∂n¬°q-Sp-X¬ hy‡n-I-fpsS ktΩ-f-\-ap-≠v.

$ IYm-Ir-Øns‚ ]cn-N-b-hr-Ø-Øn¬ hy‡n-Isf Nne Nn√-d-an-\p°p ]Wn-

I-tfmsS IYm]m{X-am-°n-am-‰p-∂p.

$ kaq-l-Øns‚ hyXykvX Xpd-I-fnse hyXy-kvX- hy-‡n-Isf tN¿Øp-

sh-®p-sIm≠v IYm]m{X-krjvSn \S-Øp∂p.

Cu kqN-\-Iƒh-®p-sIm≠v Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°p-∂p. CØcw kam-\-

amb A\p-̀ -h-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ tiJ-cn®v ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

aq∂m-asØ bqWn-‰ns\ H∂m-bn-°-≠p-thWw ]T-\m-\p-_-‘-{]-h¿Ø-

\-߃ Bkq-{XWw sNtø--≠-Xv.

Cμp-te-J, Iqa≥sIm-√n, hr≤-k-Z\w F∂o t\mh-ep-Iƒ ae-bm-f-t\m-h¬

kmln-Xy-Ønse hyXy-kvX-Im-e-L-´-ßsf {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂ t\mh-ep-I-

fmWvv. Ah-bpsS CXn-hr-Øw, BJym-\-co-Xn, `mj F∂nh t\mh-ep-Isf

Fßs\ {it≤-b-am-°p∂p F∂v hy‡-am-°p∂ {]_-‘-amWv Xbm-dm-t°-

≠Xv.

Ip´n-Isf aq∂p {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Xncn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm {Kq∏n\pw bYm-{Iaw CμpteJ,

Iqa≥sIm-√n, hr≤-k-Z\w F∂o t\mh-ep-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p.

Hmtcm {Kq∏pw Ah¿°v In´nb t\mh-ep-Iƒ hni-Z-ambn hmbn-®v CXn-hr-Øw,

128

So®¿ sSIvÃv

`mj BJym-\-coXn F∂n-h-bn¬ Fs¥ms° khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv ]pe¿Øp-

∂-sX∂v Is≠Øn {]_‘w Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Xbm-dm-°nb {]_‘w

¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.

kqN-\-Iƒ

CXn-hr-Ø-]-cn-Wmaw

$ \mb¿, \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-b-߃°n-S-bn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ A\m-Nm-c-ßsf

bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[-tØmsS Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°p∂ kmaqly t\mh-emWv

Cμpte-J. BZy-Ime kmaq-lnI t\mh-ens‚ KW-Øn¬s]-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ B[p-\n-I-t\m-h-emWv Iqa≥sIm-√n. ]m¿iz-hXvI-cn-°-s∏´ Hcp P\hn`m-

K-Øns‚ IY-bmWv CXn¬ hnj-b-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

$ Xnc-kvIr-X-am-Ip∂ hm¿≤-Iy-amWv hr≤-k-Z-\-Øns‚ {]ta-bw.

`mjbpw BJym-\-co-Xnbpw

$ efn-X-amb `mj-bmWv Cμp-te-J-bp-tS-Xv.

$ hnh-c-Wm-XvaI-am-Wv.

$ kw`m-j-W-Øn\v hf-sc-b-[nIw {]m[m-\y-ap≠v

$ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS sshIm-cnI Ah-ÿ-Isf Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-XmWv

Iqa≥sIm-√n.

$ kw`m-j-W-Øn-\p-]-Icw Hm¿Ω, k¶-ev]w, at\m-KXw F∂nh Iqa≥sIm-

√n-bnepw hr≤-k-Z-\-Ønepw ImWp-∂p. B[p-\n-I, DØ-cm-[p-\nI t\mh-

ep-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wn-Xv.

$ hr≤-k-Z-\-Øn¬ B[p-\nI temI-Øns‚ Im]Syw Bt£-]-lm-ky-Øn-

eqsS Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu kqN-\-I-sf√mw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v skan-\m¿ {]_‘w Xbm-dm-°mw.

ka-Im-enI kaq-l-Øn¬ hr≤-P\-߃ t\cn-Sp∂ {]iv\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v

N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw.

CXn\p klm-b-I-amb Nm\¬ hm¿Ø-Ifpw ]{X-hm¿Ø-Ifpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-

Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hm¿≤Iyw.

$ s]cp-In-h-cp∂ hr≤-k-Z-\-߃.

129

BJ-ym\]¿hw

$ tIc-f-Øns‚ amdn-h-cp∂ IpSpw-_-Po-hnX k{º-Zm-b-߃

$

$

hnZym¿∞n F∂ \ne-bn¬ CØcw {]iv\-ß-fn¬ F¥v CS-s]-S-ep-I-fmWv

\SØm\m-hpI Fs∂mcp tNmZyw Ip´n D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

N¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ dnt∏m¿´v Xbm-dm-°mw. dnt∏m¿´v hy‡n-K-X-am-

bn-cn-°-Ww.

am[-h-s\bpw Ip¶-s\bpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv amdn-h-cp∂ t\mh¬ k¶-

ev]-sØ-°p-dn®v {]_‘w Xbm-dm-°m≥ c≠p IYm-]m-{X-ß-sfbpw Xmc-

Xayw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. {Kq∏-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ CXv sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

H∂m-asØ {Kq∏v am[-hs‚ khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw c≠m-asØ {Kq∏v Ip¶s‚ khn-

ti-j-X-Ifpw N¿®-sN-øp-∂p.

$ am[-h≥ kaq-l-Ønse G‰hpw Db¿∂ X´ns\ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

$ hnZym-k-º-∂\pw kpμ-c-\p-am-Wv.

$ \ne-hn-ep≈ hyh-ÿnXnsb Xpd-s∂-Xn¿°m\pw ]pXnb ]mX-bn-eqsS

k©-cn-°m\pw Xbm-dm-hp-∂p.

$ Ip¶≥ ]m¿iz-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏´ Hcp P\hn`m-K-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv.

$ \nc-£-c-\m-Wv.

$ A[zm-\w-X-s∂-bmWv kuμcyw

$ \ne-hn-ep≈ hyh-ÿn-Xn-tbmSv Aa¿j-ap-≠v. Xt‚-Xmb coXn-bn¬ {]Xn-

I-cn-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂p.

$ {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn ASp-Ø-_‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂p.

BZy-Ime kmaq-lnI t\mh-emb Cμp-te-J-bn¬ \n∂v B[p-\nI t\mh-emb

Iqa≥sIm-√n-bnseØptºmƒ ae-bm-f-t\m-h¬ k¶ev]w Xs∂- amdn-hcp∂p.

$ ae-bm-f-t\m-h¬ kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \n∂v hy‡n Pohn-X-Øn-te°v

Bg-Øn¬ Cd-ßn-s®-√p-∂p.

$ kmaq-ly-{]-iv\-ßsf Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂n-√.

$ kaq-l-Øn¬ G‰hpw Xmtg-°n-S-bn¬ \nev°p-∂-h¿t]mepw t\mh¬ IYm-

]m-{X-am-bn-am-dp-∂p.

130

So®¿ sSIvÃv

CØcw kqN-\-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≠p-thWw {]_‘w Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xv.

]mT-̀ m-K-Øn-s\m∏w t\mh-ense aq∂mw A[ym-bw-IqSn hmbn-°m≥ Ip´n-I-tfm-

Sm-h-iy-s∏-SWw. aq∂mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ \n∂v ImSp-hn-fn-°p∂p F∂ ]{¥≠mw

A[ym-Øn-te-s°-Øp-tºmƒ Ip¶-s\∂ IYm-]m{X-Øn\v Fs¥ms° am‰-߃

kw -̀hn-°p∂p? N¿®-sN-ømw.

$ BZy-L-́ -Øn¬ Ip¶≥ shdp-samcp Imen-s®-dp-°≥ am{X-am-Wv.

$ kz¥-amb \ne-bn¬ A`n-{]m-b-߃ C√.

$ ImSp-hn-fn-°p∂p F∂ `mKsØ Ip¶≥ hyXy-kvX-\m-Wv.

$ ]pXnb Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fp-ambn CW-ßm≥ Ip¶\v Ign-bp-∂n-√.

$ {_m“-Wn-b-Ω-bp-sSbpw KwKm-[-c-am-cm-cp-sSbpw \n¿t±-i-߃ Ip¶≥ Xnc-

kv°-cn-°p-∂p.

$ ImSmWv Xs‚ hosS∂v Xncn-®-dn™v Ducn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. Ducn-

te°v Xncn-®p-t]m-Im≥ Ip¶s\ {]cn-∏n-°p∂ at\m-̀ mhw F¥m-hmw. IYm-

]m-{X-Øns‚ B¥-cnI t{]c-W-Iƒ hni-Ie\w sNø-s´.

$ ]q¶p-∂Øv X-dhm-́ n¬ \S-°p∂ ]pXnb kw`h hnIm-k-߃ AwKo-I-cn-

°m≥ Ip¶\v Ign-bp-∂n-√.

$ F√mw em`m-[n-jvTn-X-amb ]pXnb hyh-ÿ-bvs°-Xnsc Abmƒ {]Xn-I-

cn-°p-∂p.

$ aÆns‚ A[n-]≥ Xm\m-sW∂v Abmƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ Xt‚-Xmb ]pXnb Hcp temIw krjvSn-°m≥ Abmƒ {ian-°p-∂p.

$ ImSv Abmƒ°v AΩbpw {]nb-X-a-bp-am-Wv.

kqN-\-Iƒ IqSn Dƒs°m≠v Ip¶≥ F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ Hcp IYm-]m{X

\ncq-]Ww Xbm-dm-°-s´.

Rm\Xp ]d™p

Rm\Xp ]d-™p-t]mbn

Cu c≠p hmIy-ßfpw Htc A¿∞w Xs∂-bmtWm krjvSn-°p-∂Xv?

Ip´n-Iƒ A¿∞-hy-Xymkw Is≠-Ø-s´. "Rm\Xp ]d™p' F∂p≈Xv Imcy-

amb `mh-hy-Xym-k-sam-∂p-an-√mØ {]kvXm-h-\-bm-Wv. "Rm\Xp ]d-™p-t]mbn'

131

BJ-ym\]¿hw

F∂m-Ip-tºmƒ "]d™p IqSmbncp∂p AXp kw`-hn-®p-t]mbn' F∂

Ip‰t_m[w [z\n-°p-∂p-≠v. Hcp {Inbbv°p tijw as‰mcp {Inb tNcp-tºmƒ

hmIym¿∞-Øn\v Imcy-amb ̀ mh-t -̀Z-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p. t]mb F∂p≈ hm°v ChnsS

t]mhpI (bm{X-bm-hpI) F∂ {Inbm¿∞-Øn-e-√. Cßs\ {Inbbv°v tijw

as‰mcp {Inb h∂v hmIym¿∞w hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ c≠m-asØ

{Inbsb A\p-{]-tbmKw F∂v ]d-bp-∂p.

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ tN¿Ø Cc´ hmIy-ß-fpsS A¿∞-hy-Xym-k-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ

Is≠-Ø-s´. sNdnb hyXym-k-߃sIm≠v A¿∞-Ønepw `mh-Ønepw henb

am‰-߃ hcp-Øm-\p≈ `mj-bpsS khn-tij kn≤n°v Hcp \nZ¿»\-a-mWv

A\p-{]-tbm-Kw.

132

So®¿ sSIvÃv

4kn≤m¥]¿hw

BapJw

F¥mWv kmlnXyw? F¥n-\mWv kmlnXyw? Ch ]pcm-X-\-Im-ew- ap-X-ep≈

tNmZy-ßfm-Wv. kmln-Xy-sa-¥v F∂ At\z-j-W-Øns‚ XpS°w BZn-I-hn-

bpsS timIw t«mI-am-bn-Øo¿∂ kμ¿ -̀Øn-em-sW∂p Icp-Xmw. BZy-Ime

kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Ihn-Xbv°v {]map-Jy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ kmln-Xy-sa¥v F∂

At\z-jWw Ihn-X-sb¥v F∂ At\z-j-W-Øn-te°p \bn-®p. At\Iw

kmlnXy ]fin-X-cn-eqsS Nn¥-I-cn-eqsS \ncq-]-I-cn-eqsS Ing°pw ]Sn-™mdpw

Cu At\z-jWw XpS¿∂p.

kmln-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ emh-Wymw-i-ßsf°pdn®pw ]uckvXy Imhy-

imkv{Xw Bg-Ønep≈ N¿®-Ifpw ]T-\-ßfpw \S-Ønbt∏mƒ Ihn-Xbv°pw

\mS-I-Øn\pw CX-c-km-lnXy cq]-߃°pw a\p-jy-a-\- p-I-fn¬ kzm[o\w sNep-

Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂-sX-ßs\ F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ]m›mXy Imhy-ao-amw-k-I¿ At\z-

jn-®Xv.

]Z-\n-jv]Øn ap≥\n¿Øn-bp≈ efn-X-Nn-¥-Iƒ apX¬ Ihn-bpsS Bfl-kw-

L¿j-ß-sfbpw AXn-cp-I-fn-√mØ kzmX-{¥y-sØbpw kv]¿in-°p∂ Kl-\-

hn-Nm-c-߃ hsc kmlnXy \ncq-]-W-Øn-ep-≠m-bn.

`mc-Xob Imhy-ao-amwk ]e Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-ta-‰mWv hf¿∂-Xv. `mc-

Xob Z¿i\w a\p-jy-k-Øsb ico-cw, Bflmhv F∂n-ßs\ th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂p.

AXn-\m¬Øs∂ Imhy-Øns‚ ico-c-sa¥v? Bflm-sh¥v? F∂o tNmZy-߃

Db¿∂p h∂p. Imhyico-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥ ""\\-p-i-_vZm¿∞u Imhyw''

(cp{Z-S≥) ""i_vZm¿∞\ kln-Xu-Imhyw'' (`ma-l≥) F∂n-ßs\ \nc-h[n \n¿h-

N-\-ß-fn-te°pw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-fn-te°pw \o≠p. Cu \n¿h-N-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

Imhy-Øns‚ ca-Wo-b-X-bn-te°v Nn¥ ]cn-W-an-®p. ""ca-Wo-bm¿∞ {]Xn-]m-

ZI i_vZxImhyw'' F∂ PK-∂m-Y-]-fin-X-cpsS \n¿h-N\w {it≤-b-am-Wv.

Cu ca-Wo-b-X-bpsS tlXp F¥v? F∂ At\z-jWw Ihn-X-bpsS Bflmsh¥v

F∂Xp IqSn-bmbn. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ `mc-Xob Imhy-im-kv{X-Øn¬

At\Iw kn≤m¥ßfp-≠m-bn. ckw, Ae-¶m-cw, ht{Im-‡n, coXn, [z\n,

HuNnXyw, A\p-am-\w, kuμcyw Cßs\ XpS¿∂v Imhy-ku-μ-cy-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-sa¥v F∂ At\z-jWØnse-Øn-t®¿∂p.

133

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

Ch-bn¬ G‰hpw {]mNo\w `c-X-ap-\n-bpsS \mSy-im-kv{X-Ønse ckkn-≤m-¥-

am-Wv. ck-]-≤Xnsb GXm≠v F√m ]fin-X-∑mcpw AwKo-I-cn-®n-́ p-≠v. Cu

kn≤m-¥-ß-sf√mw ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-ß-f-√. ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-ß-fmWv F∂p

ImWmw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn HuNn-XysØ Imhy-Øns‚ Bflm-hmbn t£ta-{μ≥

hyh-ÿm-]\w sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬ Imhy-Øn¬ HuNn-Xy-Øn-\p≈ ÿm\w `c-

X-ap-\n-bpsS Imew apX¬°p-Xs∂ AwKo-I-cn-®n-́ p-≠v. Cßs\t\m°p-tºmƒ

Imhy-ku-μcyw A\-¥hpw Ah¿Æ-\o-b-hp-am-b-Xn-\m¬ ImhysØ GsX-¶nepw

Hcp \n¿h-N-\-Øn-sem-Xp-°m≥ Ign-bn-√.

Cu Imhy-k-{º-Zm-b-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-bn¬ ckw, HuNn-Xyw, ht{Im-

‡n, Ae-¶m-cw, coXn, KpWw F∂n-h-sb√mw Ihn-bpsS A{]-am-Zn-Xy-sØ-bmWv

FSp-Øp-Im-́ p-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv Imhyw Ihn-bp-sSXv am{X-amWv F∂v Cu kn≤m-

¥-߃ ]d-bp-∂p. AhnsS klr-Z-b\v c≠mw ÿm\w am{Xta Iev]n-°p-∂p-

≈q. F∂m¬ Ihn-bpsS Cu A{]-am-ZnØsØ XI¿°p∂ kn≤m-¥-amWv [z\n-

kn-≤m-¥-w. B\-μ-h¿≤-\m-Nm-cy≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n® [z\n-kn-≤m¥w Bkzm-Z-Is‚

{]m[m-\ysØ hnfw_cw sNøp-∂p. {]mNo-\-Im-hy-ß-fnse [z\n-sb-°p-dn®v

[mcmfw At\z-j-W-߃ D≠m-bn-́ p-≠v. CXv [z\n-bpsS {]m[m-\ysØbmWv

ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. ka-Im-enI kmln-Xy-Ønepw AXv Ihn-X-bn¬ am{X-a√ t\mh¬,

sNdp-IY XpS-ßnb kmlnXy hn`m-K-ß-fn-se-√m-ap≈ [z\ym-fl-I-amb krjvSn-

Iƒ C∂pw [z\n-°p≈ {]m[m\yw Ime-l-c-W-s∏-́ n-́ n√ F∂-Xn\p sXfn-hm-

Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ [z\n-bpsS ]T-\hpw [z\nsb Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ ]T-

\hpw Cu bqWn-‰n-ep-≠v. Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm-cpsS "[z\n ˛ [z\n' F∂ ]T\w

[z\n kn≤m-¥sØ efn-X-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. knÿ tacn _\o-™-bpsS

hn`m-X-hn`qXn [z\nsb Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ ]T-\-amWv e£y-am°p-∂-Xv.

`mc-X-Øn¬ Imhy-ao-amwk i‡n-{]m-]n-®-Xp-t]mse ]m›m-Xy-cm-Py-ß-fnepw

Imhy-Iem]c-amb Nn¥-Ifpw \ncq-]-W-]-≤-Xn-Ifpw D≠m-bn-́ p-≠v. tkm{I-́ o-

kv, tπt‰m, Acn-tÃm-́ n¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ {Kokn-emWv ]m›m-

Xy-km-ln-Xy-\n-cq-]Ww Bcw-̀ n-®-Xv. Imhy-e-£y-sØ-°p-dn®pw Imhy-̀ m-j-sb-

°p-dn®pw tπt‰m XpS-ßn-h® N¿®-bpsS B[p-\n-I-ap-J-amWv thUvkvh¿Øpw

kmap-h¬ tImfv-dnUvPpw XΩn-ep≈ kwhm-Z-Øn¬ ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xv.

ka-Im-enI kmlnXytemIØpw kmln-Xy-̀ m-j-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿® k{Inb-

ambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ thUvkvh¿Øpw tImfvdnUvPpw XΩn-

ep≈ kwhm-Z-Øn\v C∂pw {]k-‡n-bp-≠v.

134

So®¿ sSIvÃv

{]th-iI {]h¿Ø\w

Ip´n-Iƒ°v Gsd CjvS-ap≈ Hcp Ihn-X-sb-°p-dn®v tNmZn-°mw. hyXy-kvX-ßfmb

Ihn-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v Ah¿ ]d-bpw. Ah¿ B IhnX CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¥p-sIm-

≠m-sW∂v ct≠m aqt∂m t]tcmSv hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. Ip´n-Iƒ

hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´. Ihn-X-bpsS Xmfw, hm°p-I-fpsS at\m-lm-cn-X, emfn-Xyw, CXn-

hr-Øw, khn-ti-j-{]-tbm-K-߃ Ch-sb-°p-dn-s®√mw Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-bmw. Ah

t_m¿Un¬ t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-I. A[ym-]-I\v hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬Imw. XpS¿∂v

h-cn-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

Cu h√n-bn¬ \n∂v sNtΩ

]q°ƒ t]mIp-∂nXm ]d-∂tΩ

hcn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øm≥ Ip´n-I-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. N¿®-

sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. h√n-bn¬ \n∂v ]q°ƒ ]d-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xmbn Ip´n

]d-bp-∂-sX-¥p-sIm-≠mImw?

$ ]q°-fpsS BI¿j-Wo-bX ]qºm-‰-bn¬ Ip´n Is≠-Øp-∂p.

$ ]qºm-‰-Isf ]d-°p∂ ]q°-fmbn Ip´n ImWp-∂p.

$

]q°ƒ ]d-°pI F∂Xv \nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Akw-K-X-am-Wv. F∂m-en-hnsS

Bi-b-Øns‚ Hcp ]pXn-b-temIw hncn-bp-I-bm-Wv.

{]th-iI {]h¿Ø-\-Ønse t«mIw hmbn-°m≥ Ip´n-I-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Smw.

A]m-c-amb Imhy-kw-km-c-Øn¬ Ihn {]Pm-]-Xn-bmtWm F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v

Ip´n-Iƒ N¿®-sNbvXv ct≠m aqt∂m t]¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Ihn-Iƒ {Im¥-

Z¿inI-fm-Wv. Ah¿°v Xß-fpsS kev¶-]-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ temIw Xo¿°m≥ Ign-

bp-sa∂v hnhn[ DZm-l-c-W-߃ h®p-sIm≠v hni-Zo-I-cn-°mw. hmevao-In-bp-sSbpw

hymk-s‚bpw Imfn-Zm-k-s‚bpw IrXn-Isf DZm-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v CXv hni-Zo-I-cn-

°mw. A`n-⁄m\ imIp-¥-f-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ KbvtY-bpsS A`n-{]m-bhpw Xs‚

BZ¿i km{am-Py-Øn¬ \n∂v tπt‰m Ihn-I-sfbpw kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-scbpw

]pd-Øm-°n-b-Xp-sa√mw DZm-l-c-W-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-°mw.

\nb-Xn-IrX \nb-a-c-lnXmw

ÀmssZ-I-aboa\\y ]c-X{¥mw

\h-ck cpNncmw \n¿Ωn-Xn˛

amZ[o `mcXo Ith¿ PbXn (aΩ-S≥)

135

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

{_“m-hn-s\-°mƒ anI® {kjvSm-hm-bmWv aΩ-S≥ Ihnsb ImWp-∂-Xv. {_“m-

hns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-߃°v Nne \nb-a-ß-fp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ihn-kr-jvSn°v \nb-a-

ß-fpsS AXn¿h-c-ºp-I-fn-√. {_“m-hp-≠m-°n-b-temIw kpJZpxJ kΩn-{i-am-

sW-¶n¬ Imhy-tem-I-Øn¬ BÀmZw am{X-ta-bp-≈q. AXv A\\y ]cX-{¥-

b√. {_“krjvSn-X-amb temIØv a[pcw Ibv]v XpS-ßnb Bdp-c-k-߃ am{X-

ap-≈-t∏mƒ Ihn-bpsS temIØv \h-c-k-ß-fpap-≠v. Cßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ

{kjvSmhv F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ Ihn-bpsS ÿm\hpw Ihn-bv°p≈ A]m-c-amb

kzmX-{¥yhpw kwi-b-Øn\v CS-bn-√m-Ø-hn[w hy‡-am-Wv.

Hcp IhnX Ah-X-cn-∏n®v N¿®-bmImw

Im° ]mdn h∂p

]md-ta-en-cp∂p

Im° ]mdn-t∏mbn

]md _m°n-bmbn

IhnX Ip´n-Iƒkw-L-ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. GsXms°

Bi-b-߃ Ip´n-I-fn¬ \n∂p e`n°mw

$ ]md-bpsS GIm-¥X

$ Im° ]mdn-h--∂-t∏mƒ ]md-bv°p-≠mb Bizmkw

$ X\n-®mb ]md-bpsS \ncmi

t{ImUo-I-cn®v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. ]mdsb a\p-jym-h-ÿ-bpsS {]Xo-I-ambn IW-

°m-°n-bm¬ Ihn-Xbv°v In´p∂ A[n-I-am-\-sa-¥m-bn-cn-°pw. Ip´n-Iƒ N¿®-

sNbvXv Ihn-XbpsS [z\n]c-ambaqeyw Is≠Øn Ipdn-s∏-gpXn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°s´.

$ ]md a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-Wv.

$ ]md GIm-¥-\mb a\p-jy-\m-Wv.

$ Im° Abmƒ°v Bizm-k-ambn FØn-t®-cp-∂-bm-fm-Wv.

$ AXv Ipd®v t\c-tØ-°p≈ kulr-Z-am-Wv.

$ BXy-¥n-I-ambn \n -lm-b-amWv PohnXw

$

Cu IhnX hfsc efn-X-am-Wv. CXnse ]Z-߃ efn-Xhpw kp]-cn-Nn-X-hp-am-Wv.

hm°p-I-tfbpw hm°p-I-fpsS _‘--Øn-eqsS cq]-s∏-́ phcp∂ Bi-b-tØbpw

]n≥Xp-S¿∂v hymJym-\n-®m¬ Pohn-XsØ {]Xn-̂ -en-∏n-°p∂ Hcp henb Imhy-

temIw krjvSn-°m≥ Cu \mep-h-cn-Iƒ°v km[n-°p-∂p. hm°p-I-fpsS A¿∞-

Øn-\p-a-∏p-dØv hnim-e-amb Bibw DZn-°p-∂p-≠v. B Bibw kml-N-cyw,

`mhw XpS-ßnb Nne khn-ti-j-X-I-fm¬ D≠m-hp-I-bm-Wv. Cß-s\-bmWv [z\n

136

So®¿ sSIvÃv

cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

[z\n-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Isf B[n-ImcnIambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-

am-cm-cpsS ]T-\-amWv [z\n ˛ [z\n.

[z\n ˛ [z\n.

]mT-hn-i-I-e\w

hymI-c-W-Øn¬ ]mWn\nbv°pw ck-kn-≤m-¥-Øn¬ ̀ c-X-ap-\n-bv°p-ap≈ ÿm\w

kwkvIr-X-̀ m-jm-Im-hy-ta-J-e-I-fnepw [z\n-kn-≤m-¥-Ønepw B\-μ-h¿≤-\m-Nm-

cy-\p-≠v. At±-l-Øn-\p-ap≥]p-Xs∂ Ihn-Iƒ°pw Be-¶m-cn-I-∑m¿°pw [z\n-

sb-°p-dn®v t_m[-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw [z\ymtemI-Øn-eqsS Imhy-Øns‚

Bflm-hmbn [z\nsb Iev]n®v (Imhy-kym-fl-m[z-\n) imkv{Xo-b-ambn hni-I-

e\w sNbvXv CsXmcp kn≤m-¥-ambn Dd-∏n-®Xv B\-μ-h¿≤-\-\m-Wv. [z\n-]-≤-

Xn-bpsS Bhn¿`m-h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ ka-{K-am-sbmcp \ncq-

]-W-]-≤Xn cq]w-sIm-≠-sX∂p ]d-bmw.

Imhy-Øns‚ D]m[n `mj-bmWv. `mjbv°v ˛ i_vZ-Øn\v [z\n-Im-c≥ A`n-[,

e£-W, hyRvP\ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p `n∂-hr-Øn-Iƒ Iev]n-°p-∂p. Htc `mj

kwkm-cn-°p∂ Bfp-I-fpsS ]c-kv]-c-[m-c-W-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ C∂ ]Z-

Øn\v C∂ A¿∞-amWv {Kln-t°-≠Xv F∂ Hcp kt¶-X-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

kmt¶-Xn-I-amb Cu i_vZ-ßsf hmNIw F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Ah-bpsS A¿∞-

amWv "hmNyw'

DZm:˛ "D∏n\v' "Ds∏∂pw' "IS-en\v' "IS-se∂pw' In´p∂ A¿∞w

Nnet∏mƒ Nne hmIy-ß-fpsS hmNym¿Yw AtX-]Sn a\- n-em-°m≥ ]‰msX

apJym¿∞-Øn\v XS w (_m[) hcp-∂p. ChnsS apJym¿Y-hp-ambn _‘-ap≈

as‰m-c¿∞w hcp-∂p. Cu A¿∞-amWv e£ym¿∞w. e£ym¿YsØ

DW¿Øp∂ i_vZ-Øn\v "e£Iw' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Cu hym]m-c-amWv "e£W'

DZm:˛ \ns‚ Xe-sNØn D∏n-en-SWw

a‰p-Nn-e-t∏mƒ Hcp hmIyw AXns‚ hmNyhpw e£y-hp-amb A¿∞-߃ {Kln-

∏n®v hnc-an-®-tijw Ah-bv°p-]cn Nne A¿∞-߃IqSn {]XoXam-\-am-hp-∂-

Xmbn A\p-̀ -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cßs\bp≈ i_vZ-߃°v "hyRvPIw' F∂pw B

A¿∞-Øn\v "hywKyw' F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p.

""i_vZw aq∂mw hmN-ImJyw

e£Iw hyRvPIw XYm

hmNyw e£yw hywKyw F∂

137

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

apd-bv°¿Y-hp-a-ßs\

hym]m-chpw aq∂v A`n-[˛

e£-W-hy-RvP-\m-Jy-bm-bXv (`mjm-̀ q-j-Ww˛ G. B¿)

i_vZw A¿∞w i_vZ-hym-]mcw

hmNIw hmNyw A`n[

e£Iw e£yw e£W

hyRvPIw hywKyw hyRvP\

""tamtf A¥ym-hm-dm-bot´m'' F∂ hmIyw AXns‚ hmNym¿∞-Øn¬ \n∂v

Fßs\ hyXykvX A¿∞-߃ ssIs°m≈p∂p F∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv

[z\n [z\nbpsS BZy-`m-KØv Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿ sNøp-∂-Xv. Htc hmIyw

hyXykvX kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ hyXykvX {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ krjvSn-°p-∂p. AXv

[z\n-bpsS efn-X-amb DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

IhnXsb ssNX-\yab-am-°p-∂Xv [z\n-bm-Wv. i_vZ-Øn¬ ]cn-an-Xm¿∞-Øn-

\p-a-∏p-dØv kq£va-̀ m-h-̀ w-Kn-Iƒ IhnX A\p-̀ -h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-sX-ßs\sb∂vv

[z\n-Im-c≥ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ [z\n-sb-°p-dn®v B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn

{]kvXm-hn® B\-μ-h¿≤-\\v kw -̀hn® Hcp A]-cym-]vXX Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-I-

bmWv [z\n [z\n F∂ ]T-\-Øn-eqsS Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿.

t]Sn-°msX \S°mw [m¿ΩnI F∂ [z\ymtemI-Ønse BZy DZm-l-cWw

\∂m-bn√ F∂v At±lw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. [z\n Fßs\ Bkzm-Z-I-cn¬

{]h¿Øn-°p∂p F∂v Hcp \mS≥ ]m´ns‚ Cuc-Sn-bneqsS At±lw hni-Zo-I-

cn-°p-∂p.

[z\ym-tem-I-Ønse {]kvXpX DZm-l-c-W-Øn¬ Xs‚ ]q¿Δn-I-∑m-cpsS A`n-

{]m-bsØ Jfin®v Xs‚ hmZw ka¿∞n-°m-\p≈ B\-μ-h¿≤s‚ shº-emWv

ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv hmNy-Øn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-amWv [z\n F∂v

Cu DZm-l-c-W-Øn-eqsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mWv At±lw {ian-°p-∂Xv F∂p

amcm¿ Is≠-Øp-∂p. [z\n-bpsS ta∑ ImWn-°p-∂-Xn\v Cu t«mIw A\p-tbm-

Py-a-√. ImcWw ]pg-h-°sØ Ima-k-t¶-X-Øn-te°v t]mIp∂ s]¨In-Smhv

Atßm´p ]q]-dn-°m≥ t]mIp∂ iz`o-cp-hmb (\mbsb t]Sn-bp-≈) [m¿Ωn-

Is\ ]n≥Xncn∏n°m≥ ]d-bp∂ t«mIw Hcp IuXpIw am{X-amWv Bkzm-Z-

I\v kΩm-\n-°p-I. Nn¥-Ifpw Nn{X-ßfpw sshIm-cn-I-X-Ifpw Cu IhnX D≠m-

°p-∂n-s√∂v amcm¿ Is≠-Øp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v hS-°≥]m-́ n¬ [z\n-bpsS ap‰pw

apgp-∏p-ap≈

Ip∂vΩ∂ps≠mcp Nq´zm-Wp∂q

Ip™-ºq‚-®t\m ]n∂ym-cmt\m?

138

So®¿ sSIvÃv

F∂ Cuc-Sn-h-®p-sIm≠v At±lw AXv hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. Nq´ns‚ KXn-t -̀Z-

ßsf D‰p-t\m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ip™-ºq‚-Ω-bn¬ \n∂v hen-sbmcp Iym≥hm-

kn-se-gp-Xnb Hcp a[p-c-Nn{Xw e`n-°pw. CXv hkvXp-[z-\n-bm-Wv. Cu hkvXp-

[z\n N¿Δn-X-N¿Δ-Ww-sN-øp-tºmƒ Bkzm-Z-I≥ Ip™-ºq‚-Ω-tbmSv X∑-bo-̀ -

hn-°p-∂p. X’-abw klr-Z-b-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ Ah-fpsS DXvI-WvTm-i-¶-Iƒ

BkzmZy-amIpw CXv `mh-[z-\n. ck-[z-\n-bn¬\n-∂mWv `mh-[z\n D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

AXv Dcp-Øn-cn™p hcp-∂-Xn\v t\cnb kabw Bh-iy-am-Wv. AXv iX-]-{Xo-

\ym-b-Øns‚ Hcp t`Z-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-eqsS amcm¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

hkvXp-[z\n

hkvXp-[z\n F¥m-sW∂v \ap°v t\m°mw "Ip∂vta-∂p-s≠m-cp'.... F∂ Cuc-

Sn-bn¬ \n∂v hS-t°-a-e-_m-dnse Ip∂v Ib-dn-bn-dßn htc-≠p∂ \m´n-≥]pdhpw

cm{Xn-t\-chpw `¿Øm-hns‚ hchpw {]Xo-£n-®n-cn-°p∂ {]uV-bp-h-Xnbpw

Ip∂pw-]p-dsØ hgn-bn-eqsS hcp∂ Bfns‚ Nq´p-ho-i-ep-sa√mw tN¿∂v henb

Iym≥hm-kn-se-gp-Xn-b-t]m-se-bp≈ Hcp hmMva-b-Nn{Xw e`n-°pw. CØ-c-Øn¬

Imhy-̀ m-K-Øp-\n∂v e`n-°p∂ ka-{K-amb hmMvab Nn{X-amWv hkvXp-[z\n.

ck-[z\n

{]kvXpX Imhy-Ønse a[p-c-hm-Mvab Nn{X-tØm-sSm∏w klr-Z-b≥ Ip™-

ºq‚Ω-tbmSv XmZmflyw {]m]n-°p-∂p. AtXmsS B Krl-\mY A\p-̀ -hn-°p∂

BImw-£, DXvI-WvT, `bw, {]Xo-Iv-j, \ncmi XpS-ßnb sshIm-cn-Im-\p-̀ -h-

߃ Bkzm-Z-I-\n¬ A\p-`q-X-am-Ip-∂p. CØ-c-Øn¬ X∑-bo-`m-h-Øn-eqsS

Bkzm-Zyam-Ip∂ sshIm-cnI `mh-amWv ck-[z-\n.

DS≥a-lm-tZ-hn-bn-S-Øp-ssI-bm˛

egn-™-hm¿]q-¶p-gsem-s∂m-Xp°n

Pzen-®-I¨sIm-s≠mcp t\m°p-t\m°n

]m¿iz-ÿ-\mIpw ]Xn-tbm-Sp-c®p (injy\pw aI\pw ˛ h≈-tØmƒ)

Cu t«mIw ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n°mw. kμ¿`w hni-Zo-I-cn-°-Ww. tijw Ip]n-

X-bmb ]m¿h-Xo-tZ-hn-bpsS hmMva-b-Nn{Xw KZy-cq-]-Øn¬ Fgp-Xm≥ ]d-bmw.

FgpXn Ipd-®p-t]¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. anI-®-tX-sX∂v Ip´n-Iƒ Xs∂ hne-bn-cp-

Øs´. Ihn-X-bn¬ \n∂p Is≠-Ønb ]m¿h-Xo-tZ-hn-bpsS cq]-N-e-\-߃ Xs∂-

139

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

bmWv hkvXp-[z-\n.

XpS¿∂v Cu t«mI-Øn¬ \n∂p as‰-s¥√mw Is≠Øm≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ign-

bpw. kwL-ambn N¿®-\-SØn {Kq∏n¬ Ah--X-cn-∏n®v sa®-s∏-SpØn s]mXp Ah-

X-cWw \S-Øs´. ]m¿ΔXotZhn-bpsS tZjyw, amXr-hm-’eyw, ]c-ip-cm-a-t\m-

Sp≈ tZjyw aI-t\m-Sp≈ A\p-I-º, ̀ ¿Øm-hns‚ \n w-K-X-bn-ep≈ AXr]vXn

Csh-b√mw Ihn-X-bn¬ hyRvPn-°p-∂p-≠v. CXp-X-s∂-bmWv `mh-[z-\n. CXn-

\p-a-∏pdw tZhn-sb-t∏mepw ]p{X-hm-’eyw Hcp km[m-cW kv{Xobmbn am‰p-sa-

∂p≈ Ihn-bpsS \nco-£-Whpw Ihn-X-bpsS [z\n-I-fn-sem-∂mbn ]cn-K-Wn-°mw.

t«mI ]T-\-Øn-eqsS Ip´n-Iƒ t\Snb [mc-W-h-®p-sIm≠v at‰-sX-¶nepw Imhy-

`m-KsØ A]-{K-Yn®v hkvXp-[z-\nbpw ̀ mh-[z-\nbpw hni-I-e\w sNbvXp Ipdn∏p

Xbm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Bkzm-Z\ Ipdn-∏p-I-fpsS ]Xn∏pw

Xbm-dm-°mw.

Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ssIam-dn-h-cp-∂-h-bmWv ]g-s©m-√p-Ifpw IS-¶-Y-I-fpw. Hcp kaq-

l-Øn-ep-≠mb A\p-̀ -h-ßsf Hm¿Øn-cn-°m≥ ]mI-Øn¬ Imhym-fl-I-ambn

Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv Ah. ]g-s©m-√p-I-fpsSbpw IS-¶-Y-I-fp-sSbpw Imem-Xn-

h¿tXXn-Øz-Øn\p klm-b-I-am-bXv AXns‚ A¿∞-Øn-\-∏p-dØv AXv

\evIp∂ Bi-b-tem-I-am-Wv. B temI-Øn-te°v Bkzm-Z-Is\ \bn-°p-∂Xv

[z\n-X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]g-s©m-√p-I-fp-sSbpw IS-¶-Y-I-fp-sSbpw {]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-

dn®v Ip´n-I-tfmSv ]d-bmw. ]cn-N-b-ap≈ ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Ipdn-°s´.

Ah-bn¬ \n∂v Ht∂m ct≠m FÆw hni-I-e\-°p-dn-∏m-°m≥ Ip´n-I-tfmSv Bh-

iy-s∏-Smw.

"A—-s‚-®\v ]mtf-se-¶n¬

F‚—\pw ]mtfev'

A∏q-∏≥ acn®v ihkwkvIm-c-N-S-ßp-I-sf√mw Ign-™p. hfsc hb- p-≠m-bn-

cp∂ B hr≤s\ Ah-km-\-Im-eØv ho´nse hrØn-lo-\-amb hcm-¥-bn-emWv

InS-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. `£Ww sImSp-Øn-cp-∂-Xm-Is´ ]mf-∏m-{X-Øn-epw. hoSpw

]m{X-ßfpw hrØn-tI-Sm-I-cp-X-t√m ac-W-tijw hr≤≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂

hkvXp-°-sf√mw aI≥ ]d-ºn-ep-t]-£n-®p. AXn¬\n∂pw ]mf-]m-{X-sa-SpØv

sIm®p-a-I≥ IgpIn hbv°p-I-bm-Wv. AsX-¥n-\m-sW-∂-t\z-jn®A—-t\mSv aI≥

]d-bp-∂-XmWv {]kvXpX hmIyw.

ChnsS Fs¥-√m-amWv Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-I. N¿®bv°p \evImw. Ip´n-Iƒ

kwL-ambn N¿®-sNbvXv sa®s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Ip™p-a-I≥ ]d-

ºn¬\n∂pw ]m{X-sa-SpØv IgpIn kq£n®p hbv°m≥ t]mIp-∂-Xp-ambn

_‘∏´ hmMvab Nn{X-amWv hkvXp-[z-\n.

140

So®¿ sSIvÃv

F¥psIm-≠mImw Ip™p-a-I≥ AXv kq£n-®p-h-bv°p-∂-Xv.

$ A∏q-∏-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lw.

$ hm¿≤-Iy-Øn¬ apXn¿∂-h¿ At±-l-tØmSp ImWn® Ah-K-W-\-bn-ep≈

shdp∏v

$ Cu {]hrØn-bn¬ A—-t\m-Sp≈ tZjyw

$

$

XpS-ßnb hnIm-c-ß-fmWv Ip´n-tbmSv XmZmXvayw {]m]n-°p-tºmƒ D≠m-bn-h-cp-

∂-Xv. CXmWv `mh-[z-\n.

[z\n-bpsS km[yX IS-¶-Y-I-fn-ep≠v

$ Ccp-́ p-Im-́ n¬ Ipcp-́ p-]∂n ˛ t]≥

$ ASn-]md \Sp-hSn tamfn¬ IpS ˛ tN\

$ ap‰sØ sNºn-\-S-∏n√ ˛ InW¿

IS-¶YI-fpsS DØ-c-Øn-te°v Bkzm-Z-I¿ FØp-∂Xv Fß-s\-bm-Wv. ]pd-

ta-bp≈ A¿∞-tØ-°mƒ ad-™n-cn-°p∂ Bi-b-Øn\v {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-

XpsIm≠v Ahn-sSs°-Øn-t®-cp-∂-sX-ßs\ F∂ tNmZy-am-Imw. ]pd-ta-bp≈

Bi-b-Øn-t\-°mƒ hywKy-Øn-\mWv {]m[m-\yw. AXmWv [z\n. Ip´n-Iƒ [z\n-

{]-[m-\-amb IqSp-X¬ IS-¶-Y-Iƒ Is≠Øn ]´n-I-bm°n {]Z¿in-∏n-°-s´.

[z\n {][m-\-amb {]tbm-K-߃ `mj-bn-ep≠v

$ AXm Ip¥w hcp∂p

$ Imio-\-Kcw KwK-bn-em-Ip-∂p.

$ Fs‚ hoSv \Sp-tdm-Un-em-Wv.

"AXm-Ip¥w hcp∂p' F∂ BZy hmIy-Øns‚ hmNym¿∞w hy‡-amWv

F∂m¬ B A¿∞-Øn\v _m[-bp-≠m-Ip∂p. Ip¥w X\ntb hcn-√t√m

At∏mƒ Ip¥hpw ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v Bƒh-cp∂p F∂ e£ym¿∞w ssIh-cp-

∂p.

""Imio-\-Kcw KwK-bn-em-Ip∂p'' F∂ c≠mw hmIy-Øn¬ hmNym¿∞-Øn\v

_m[-kw-̀ -hn-°p-∂p≠v ImcWw \√ Hgp-°p≈ KwKm-\-Zn-bn¬ Hcn-°epw \Kcw

\ne-\n¬°n-√-t√m. At∏mƒ KwKm-\-Zn-bpsS Xoc-ØmWv Imio \Kcw F∂

e£ym¿∞Øn-te°v t]mIp-∂p. KwKm-\Zn ssiXym-Zn-]m-h-\-X-I-tfmSp IqSnb

\Zn-bm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ B ssiXym-Zn-]m-h-\-XIƒ kao-]-ÿ-amb Imio-\-K-c-

Øn-ep-ap-≠m-Imw, F∂ hyRvP\m¿∞w hywKym¿∞-Øn¬ \n∂v [z\n-°p-∂p.

141

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

kam-\-amb hmIy-amWv ""Fs‚ hoSv \Sp-tdm-Un-emWv'' F∂Xpw. Fs‚ hoSv

\Sp-tdm-Un-emWv F∂Xv {][m-\-tdm-Un\v kao-]-ÿ-amWv hoSv F∂ e£ym¿∞-

Øn-te°pw, AXv \K-c-Øn-emWv AXn-\m¬ B \K-c-amen-\y-߃ F√mw F∂n-

ep-ap≠v F∂ hyRvP-\m-{]-[m-\-amb [z\ym¿∞-Øn-te°pw FØp-∂p.

i_vZm¿∞-Øns‚ GsXm-s°-X-e-ß-fn-te°v [z\n-t]m-Ip-∂p≠v F∂v Ip´n-Iƒ

hni-I-e\w sNø-s´. Nne hmIy-߃ hmNym¿∞-Øn¬ \n∂v hywKym¿∞-Øn-

te°pw a‰p-Nn-eXv hmNym¿∞-Øn¬ \n∂v hywKy-Øn-te°pw XpS¿∂v hyRvP-

\m-hym-]m-c-Øn-eqsS [z\n-bn-te°pw FØp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn-¬ \nXy-Po-hn-X-hp-

ambn _‘-s∏´ {]tbm-K-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠Øn hni-Zo-I-cn-°s´.

[z\n-bpsS km[yX-Iƒ \mS≥]m-́ p-Ifpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-́ p-≠v. Cuco-Xnbn-

ep≈ \mS≥ ]m´p-Iƒ tiJ-cn®v ]Xn-∏m-°s´. Cu \mS≥ ]m´p-I-fpsS Bem-

]-\hpw kwLSn-∏n°mw

ap≈pw ]qhpw

Hcp aps≈≥ Imen≥ta¬Ø-d-®m-sem-cm-bncw

Icn-ap-≈p-Iƒ apf-bv°p-∂n-sX≥ Icƒ°q-ºn¬

{]Ir-Xn-bn-Xm-sW-¶n¬ as‰m-∂mbv am‰m-t\Xp

kpIr-X-Øn\pw I¬]n-s√∂p Rm≥ tJZn-bv°p-tºmƒ

F∑p-‰-Øn-fw-sh-bnen¬ Nm©m´pw ]\n-\o¿∏q˛

shs¥mcp kam-izmk kuc`w Npc-Øp∂p

aps≈m-cn-bv°te s]m¥p-\p-≈p-I, ]qØm¬∏ns∂

\p≈nSpw tXmdpw s]m´n-hn-Scpw ]pXp-]q-°ƒ.

(CS-t»cntKmhn-μ≥\m-b¿)

IhnX Kuc-h-]q¿hw hmbn-°m\pw hni-Zo-I-cn-°m\pw Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-h-s´.

Ihn-X-b-sS kmam-\ym¿∞w CXm-hmw. Imen¬ ap≈p Xd-bv°p-tºmƒ thZ-\n-

°p∂ a\p-jy\p ]q°ƒ Bizmkw ]I-cp-∂p.

CXne∏p-d-sa-s¥ms° A¿∞-km-[y-X-Iƒ Cu Ihn-X-bn¬ Is≠-Ømw.

$ temIØp kpJm-\p-̀ -h-ßfpw ZpxJm\p-̀ -h-ß-fp-ap-≠v.

$ ZpxJØn\p ]ndsI kpJ-hp-ap-≠m-Ipw.

$ sNdnb Hcp hn]-co-Xm-\p-̀ -h-ap-≠m-Ip-tºm-tgbv°pw ]ecpw Pohn-XsØ ]gn-

bv°pw.

$ AXn-\-∏pdw \nev°p∂ BÀm-Z-ß-ƒ-°m-Wm-\p≈ IÆpw £a-bp-ap-≈-h\v

PohnXw A`n-i-]vX-sa∂p tXm∂n-√.

142

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ Ic-fn-emWv ap≈v apf-bv°p-∂-Xv. AsXm∂p \p≈n-°-f-™m¬ BÀm-Z-

Øns‚ \dpw]q°ƒ [mcmfw ImWmw.

$ aps≈m-cn-°¬ \p≈n-bm¬ ]n∂oSp apf-bv°n-√. ]q°ƒ \p≈pw-tXmdpw

A[n-I-ambn hnS¿∂p-s]m-¥n-h-cpw. BÀm-Zm-\p-`-h-߃ H∂n\p ]ndsI

H∂mbn hncn™phcp-∂-X-t∏m-g-dn-bmw.

$ ap≈pw ]qhp-sa√mw a\p-jy\p t\sc {]IrXn \o´p∂ PohnX ]mT-ß-fm-

Wv.

$ A`n-aX Nn¥-Iƒ (positive thinking) Pohn-X-kvt\lw F∂n-h-sbms°

ChnsS {]ta-b-ß-fmWv CØcw ]e hn[ hymJym-\-ß-fn-te°pw Cu

sIm®p IhnX \sΩ \bn-°p-∂p. ap≈n-s\bpw ]qhn-s\bpw Ipdn-®p≈

IhnX Pohn-Xm-\p-̀ -h-ßsf hyRvPn-∏n-°p-∂p. PohnXw BXy-¥n-I-ambn

{]k-∂-amb Hcp {]Xn-̀ m-k-am-sW∂v Ihn ]d-bmsX Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p.

hn`mX hn`qXn

]mT-hn-i-I-e\w

hn`mX hn`qXn F∂ knÿ taco-_-\o-™-bpsS IhnX t]cv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-

Xp-t]mse {]`m-X-Øns‚ sFiz-cysØ h¿Æn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXv {]Ir-Xn-̀ m-h-

Nn-{Xo-I-cWtØmsSm∏w [z\ym-fl-I-ambn a\p-jy-̀ mh Nn{Xo-I-cWw IqSn \S-

Øp-∂p. Fßs\ Hcmƒ°v \√ a\p-jy-\m-Im≥ km[n-°p-sa∂p {]Ir-Xn-bnse

{]`m-X-h¿Æ-\-bn-eqsS D]-tZ-i-cq-]-Øn¬ Ih-bn{Xn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

thUvkvh¿Øv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂, "hnjbw km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬

\n∂p sXsc-s™-Sp-°p-I, Ign-bp-∂{X Ah-cpsS `mj-bn¬ \n∂p sXc-s™-

SpØ `mj D]-tbm-Kn-°pI, Hs´m-c-km-[m-c-WXzw \evIn BI¿j-I-am-°pI'

Cu ssien-bmWv hn`m-X-hn-̀ q-Xn-bn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

Bib hni-Zo-I-cWw

]q¿hm-ibmw a¶ apJw sXfn®p

]qt¥≥sXmgpw ]p©n-cn-Xq-In-Sp∂p

""]qa¶'' knwlm-k-\-ta-dn-b-t∏mƒ

]qth-Wn-am¿ ""h©n''bnse-∂-t]mse

h©o-cm-Py-Øn¬ sFiz-cy-tZ-hX (alm-dm-Wn) A[n-Im-c-ta-‰-t∏mƒ B \m´nse

kv{XoP-\-߃°v apJw sXfn-™-Xp-t]mse Ing-°p-Zn-°m-Ip∂ kv{Xo apJw

143

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

sXfn®v a[p-c-ambn ]p©n-cn-°p-∂p.

sN¥o-\ndw tN¿s∂m-cp-]-́ p-hkv{Xw

Nm¿Øp-∂n-Xm-ta-Zn-\nbmw h[qSn;

sNtΩ aWm-fs‚ kam-K-a-Øn¬

Na-™p-\n¬°pw kXn-sb-∂-t]mse

`¿Øm-hns‚ BK-a-\-k-a-bØv Na™p \n¬°p∂ ]Xn-{h-X-sb-t∏mse sN¥o

\nd-am¿∂ ]´p-hkv{Xw Nm¿Øn `qan kqtcym-Z-b-Øn¬ Hcp-ßn-\n∂p

hnb-Øn-temtcm hnIn-c-߃ ]m´m¬

hn]-©n-Ibv°pw hyY-tb-In-Sp∂p;

hnZz¬Ipew kZz-N--\-ß-fmse

hoWs‚ lrØn-∂-g-te-In-Spw-t]m¬

]fin-X-∑m-cpsS (⁄m\n-I-fp-sS) hm°p-Iƒ hoWs‚ (]Xn-X-s‚) lrZ-b-Øn\v

ZpxJw \evIp-∂-Xp-t]mse {]`m-X-Øn¬ BIm-i-Ønse ]£n-I-fpsS ]m´v

hoWbv°v ZpxJ-ta-Ip-∂p.

hnZzm-∑m-cpsS hm°p-Iƒ ]Xn-X-∑m¿°v Xncn-®-dnhpw hnth-Ihpw \evIpw. AXv

ZpxJ-Øn\pw ]›m-Øm-]-Øn\pw CS-bm-°pw. AXv Ahsc ip≤o-I-cn-°pw. AXp-

t]mse ]£n-I-fpsS ss\k¿§n-I-amb ]m v́ a\p-jy-\n¿Ωn-X-amb hoW-bpsS

\mZ-Øn\v ZpxJw \evIp-∂p. hoWm-\m-Z-sØ-°mƒ a[p-c-X-c-amWv {]Ir-Xn-bpsS

ss\k¿§nI kwKoXw F∂m-Wn-hnsS kqNn-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

Ih-bn{Xn PohnX kμ¿ -̀߃ [z\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v {]Ir-Xn-h¿Æ\ D]-tbm-Kn-

®Xv F¥p-sIm-≠m-Imw. Ip´n-Iƒ Cu Ihn-X-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-

sa∂ Ipdn∏v Xbm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

$ Ihn-X-bpsS t]cns‚ A¿∞w ˛ {]`m-X-Ønse sFizcyw F∂mWv.

$ {]`m-X-Øns‚ at\m-l-c-amb h¿Æ\ \S-Øp-∂p≠v.

$ {]`m-X-h¿Æ-\-tbm-sSm∏w am\p-jn-I-̀ m-h-߃ IqSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

$ efnX ]Z-ß-fmWv {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

t{ImUo-I-cn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°mw. h≈-tØm-fns‚ "{]`m-X-Ko-Xw'F∂ Ihn-X-bnse

hcn-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØmw. {]`mX h¿Æ\ \S-Øp-tºmƒ am\p-jn-I-`m-h-

ßsf tN¿Øv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v N¿® sNømw.

im¥w Icp-W-Ønse ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ CXv hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-́ p-≠-t√m.

144

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ {]`mXw at\m-l-c-amWv

$ AXp im¥-amWv

$ {]`mXw ]e `mh-ap-≈-XmWv

{]Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n∂p hn`n-∂-\√ a\p-jy≥, {]`m-X-Ønse {]Ir-Xn-bpsS

]e Ah-ÿ-Ifpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw a\pjy-\p≈ D]-tZ-i-ß-fm-bn-°m-

Wmw. kqcy≥ DZn-°p-tºmƒ Kpl-°-IØv Iqcn-cpƒ HmSn-sbm-fn-°p-∂Xv

Adn-hp-Zn-°p-tºmƒ a\-knse Ccp v́ (A⁄X) AI-ep-∂-Xp-t]m-se-

bm-Wv.

aμ-]h\≥ Xgp-Ith Iqcn-cpƒ˛

{KŸn t`Zn®p hncn-bp∂p tImc-Iw.

tZh≥ Znt\-i≥ sXmSp-tºmƒ Xan-{kamw

cmhp shfn®w hnXdpw {]`m-Xamw (Ifn-b-—≥ ˛ ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿)

]p¬\m-ºn-se sh¨ap-Øns\ tXmev]n-°p∂ a™p-Xp-≈n-Iƒ tbmPn® \ne-

bv°p-\n-∂m¬ \n m-c-\p-t]mepw tXP- p-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂p. kam-

\m-i-b-߃ a‰p Ihn-X-I-fn¬ \n∂p IqSn Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠Øn Bkzm-Z-\-°p-

dn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.

sNtΩ-a-Wm-fs‚ kam-K-a-Øn¬

Na™p \n¬°pw kXn-sb-∂-t]mse F∂ hcn-I-ƒ Ip´n-Iƒ hmbn-°-

s´. F¥mWv Cu hcn-I-fn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xv.

$ CsXmcp {]`m-X-h¿Æ-\-bmWv

$ kqcy-\mWv ChnsS aW-hm-f≥

$ `qan-bmWv h[p

kqcy-s\bpw `qan-sbbpw h[p-h-c-∑m-cm-bn-́ mWv ChnsS k¶-ev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

CXp {]mNo-\-amb Hcp Iev]-\-bm-Wv. {]`mXw `qanbv°v \evIp∂ DW¿hns\

at\m-l-c-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ Cu Iev]-\--bn-eqsS Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

hn`mX hn`qXn F∂ io¿jIw Ihn-Xbv°v F{X-tØmfw A\p-tbm-Py-

145

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

am-Wv. IhnX Ip´n-Iƒ hmbn-°-s´. Ihn-X-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂

{]`m-X-Ønse {]IrXn h¿Æ-\-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv? N¿®-sNømw.

$ ]q¿Δ-Zn-Mvap-JØp sXfn-bp∂ ]p©ncn

$ {]`m-X-Øn¬ `qan sN¥o\ndw tN¿∂ ]´phkv{Xw [cn®v h[q-Sn-bm-Ip-

∂p.

$ ]£n-I-fpsS a[p-c-Km\w

$ ]p¬s°m-Sn-Øp-ºnse Xpjm-c-_n-μp.

{]IrXn Nn{X-߃ XnI®pw BÀm-Z-I-c-amb A\p-̀ -h-amWv Bkzm-Z-I\v kΩm-

\n-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-bn-sem-∂p-t]mepw Aip -̀I-ctam hnjm-Zm-fl-Itam A√. "hn`mX

hn`qXn' F∂m¬ {]`m-X-Øn-se sFizcyw F∂mWv A¿∞w. am\h {]Ir-Xn-

bnse Zu¿_-ey-ßfpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw ]cm-a¿iv°-s∏-Sp∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ {]Ir-

Xnsb {]km-Z-]q¿Æhpw D’m-l-{]-Z-hp-amb A\p-̀ -h-am-bmWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv.

N¿®bv°pw hni-I-e-\-Øn-\p-sam-Sp-hn¬ hn`mX hn`qXn F∂ io¿j-I-Øns‚

HuNnXyw Ip´n-Iƒ Xs∂ Is≠-Øs´.

thUvkvh¿Øv -̨ tImfv-dnUvPv kwhmZw

]mT-hn-i-I-e\w

]m›m-Xy-km-lnXy hna¿i\ XØz-߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ tUm. Fw. ANyp-

Xs‚ IrXn-bmWv ]m›m-Xy-km-lnXy Z¿i-\w. {]kvXpX ]pkvX-I-Ønse

thUvkv h¿Øpw tImfv-dnUvPpw XΩn-ep≈ kwhmZw ]m›m-Xy-Im-ev]-\nI

{]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ {]am-W-߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Imev]-\nI Imhy-

`m-j-bp-sSbpw Imhy-k-¶-ev]-Øn-s‚bpw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Cu kwhm-Z-Øn¬

\n∂p a\- n-em-°mw.

hneyw-thUvkvh¿Øpw kmap-h¬ tImfv-dnUvPpw Imev]-\nI {]ÿm-\-Øns‚

DZvLm-S-Icpw \ncq-]-I-cp-am-Wv. Cw•ojv Imev]-\nI {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ {]I-S-\-

]-{Xn-I-bm-bmWv th¿Uvkvh¿Øns‚ \ncq-]-W-ßsf ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. alm-

\mb Hcp \ncq-]-I-\-s√-¶nepw 1798˛¬ At±lw {]kn-≤o-I-cn® endn-°¬

_meUvkns‚ Ah-Xm-cnI Cw•ojv kmln-Xy-Z¿i\ Ncn-{X-Ønse \mgn-I-°-

√m-Wv. Ihn-X-bnse ]c-º-cm-KX ioe-ß-tfmSv k‘n-sN-øp-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\p

Ign-™n-√. B Ime-L-´-Øn¬ kz¥w Ihn-Xbv°v t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ \ninX

146

So®¿ sSIvÃv

hna¿i-\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-cWw IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p endn-°¬ _me-Uvkn\v

At±lsa-gp-Xnb apJ-hp-c. Npcp-°-Øn¬ \ntbm-¢m-knIv {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Zpjn®

{]h-W-X-Iƒs°-Xnsc sdmam‚nIv a\- p≈ Hcp Ihn \S-Ønb {]Xn-tj-[-

amWv At±-l-Øns‚ Imhy-kn-≤m-¥-߃.

endn-°¬ _me-Uvkns‚ BZy Ah-Xm-cn-I-bn¬ ""Icp-Øp‰ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS

ss\k¿§n-Iamb _ln¿K-a-\-amWv F√m \√ Ihn-Xbpw'' F∂v At±lw

IhnXsb \n¿Δ-Nn-°p-∂p. hnIm-c-hm-bv]p-sIm-≠mWv kz¥w Ihn-X-I-fn¬ {Iob-

Iƒ°pw kμ¿`߃°pw {]m[m\yw h¿≤n-°p-∂-sX∂pw adn®v kμ¿ -̀ßtfm

{Inb-Itfm A√ Ihn-X-bnse sshIm-cn-I-Xbv°v Imc-W-sa∂pw At±lw ]d-

bp-∂p. B Ime-L-́ -Ønse IhnX Zqjn-Xhpw (vicious) hy`n-N-cn-°s∏´Xpw

(Adulterated) hnI-ehpw (distorted) ]pdw ]In-́ p-≈Xpw (glossy) \n¿hn-

Imchpw (unfeeling) BI-bm¬ Ir{Xn-a-am-sW-∂mWv At±-l-Øns‚ A`n-

{]mbw B Zp¿tΩ-Z- p‰ ̀ mj-bn¬ h¿Æn®pIq´p-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈ {]Xn-tj-[-amWv

]pXnb Imhy-k-cWn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v At±-l-Øn\v t{]c-W-bm-b-Xv. AtXm-

sSm∏w imkv{Xhpw hymh-km-bnI hnπ-hhpw \K-c-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Ie¿Ønb

Ir{Xn-a-Xzhpw At±-lsØ {KmaoW Imap-I-\m-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]¶p-h-ln-®p. {KmaoW

Pohn-X-Øns‚ ss\k¿§n-IXzw, emfnXyw, AIr-{Xn-aXzw, imiz-X-amb {]Ir-

Xn-L-S-I-ß-tfmSv AXn-\p≈ Bg-ta-dnb _‘w, kwth-Z-\Xzw km¿Δ-P-\o-\X

kzm`m-hn-IX F∂n-h-sb√mw thUvkvh¿Øns\ el-cn-]n-Sn-∏n-®p. Ihn F∂

\ne-bn-ep≈ {]Ir-Xn-kvt\lw IqSn-bm-b-t∏mƒ At±lw {KmaoW Pohn-X-Øns‚

Bcm-[-I-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv At±lw dqt m-hn-s\-t∏mse {]mIr-

Xn-I-Xm-hm-Zn-bm-b-Xv.

Pohn-Xhpw Iebpw H∂√ AXn-\m¬ Ie-bn¬ Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc Ir{Xn-a-Xz-ap

s≠ endn-°¬ _me-Uvkns‚ c≠mw ]Xn-∏ns‚ apJ-hp-c-bn¬ thUvkvh¿Øv

hy‡-am-°p-∂p. C°mcyw an¬´s‚ enkn-U-kns\ hna¿in-®p-sIm≠v tUmIvS¿

tPm¨k¨ ap≥]p-Xs∂ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. IhnX ss\k¿§nI hnImc

{]Imi-\-am-sW∂v tPm¨k¨ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. F∂m¬ th¿Uvkvh¿Øv

AXv AwKo-I-cn®v kn≤m-¥n-°p-∂p.

IhnX Icp-Øp‰ ss\k¿§nI hnIm-c-ß-fpsS _ln¿K-a-\-am-sW∂pw

{]im-¥X-bn¬ A\p-kva-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hnIm-c-Øn¬ \n∂m-W-Xns‚ D¤-h-sa∂pw

thUvkvh¿Øv ]d-bp-∂p. hnIm-c-߃ {]mIr-Xm-hÿ-bn¬ lrZ-bsØ Iog-S-

°p-tºm-g√ IhnX D¤-hn-°p-∂-Xv. AØcw kμ¿ -̀߃ ]n∂oSv {]im-¥m-h-

ÿ-bn¬ ]p\-cm-tem-N-\bv°v hnt[-b-am-hp-tºm-gmWv Ihn-bpsS hnImcw Fßs\

Ihn-X-bmbn ]cn-h¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v ChnsS hy‡-am-Ip-∂p.

147

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

bYm¿∞ PohnX hnIm-csØ A\p-kva-c-W-Øm¬ ho≠pw DW¿Øn

XØp-ey-amb hnImcw A\y-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ D≠m-°m≥ ssZ\w-Zn\ hyh-lm-c-̀ m-

j-sIm≠p Ign-bptam F∂ tNmZyw Db-cp-∂p-≠v. CXn\p thUvkvh¿Øv

\evIp∂ adp-]Sn hnjbw km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂v sXc-s™-

SpØv km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS `mj-bn¬ Fgp-Xp-I. Hs´m-c-km-[m-c-WXzw \evIn

BI¿j-I-am-°m-\mbn hkvXp-X-I-fn¬ `mh-\-bpsS h¿Æw ]qipI F∂-Xm-

Wv. endn-°¬ _me-Uvkns‚ AhXm-cn-I-bn-eqsS CXmWv At±lw e£y-am-

°p-∂-Xv. CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ambn we are seven F∂ IhnX At±lw Ah-X-cn-

∏n-®p.

th¿Uvkvh¿Øns‚ ssien AXn-e-fn-X-as√∂pw AXv kw`m-j-W-̀ m-j-bn¬

\n∂pw KZy-Øn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-am-sW∂pw ]ecpw hna¿in-®n-́ p-≠v. F¶nepw

Imhy-ssi-en-bpsS emfn-Xyw, Bflm¿∞X AIr-{Xn-a-amb kzm`m-hn-IX F∂n-

h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ A`n-{]m-b-߃ {it≤-b-am-Wv.

tImfv-dn-UvPns‚ adp-]Sn

]m›mXy kmlnXy hna¿i-\-Ønse G‰hpw henb Imev]-\nI hna¿i-I-

\mWv kmap-h¬ sSbve¿ tImfvdn-UvPv. skbv‚ v_dn Xs‚ kmlnXy hna¿i\

{KŸ-Øn¬ tImfvdn-UvPns\ Acn-tÃm-́ n-en\pw temwKn-\-kn\pw ka-io¿j-\m-

bn-́ mWv hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Imhy-̀ m-jsb∏‰n thUvkvh¿Øv ]d™ Imcy-

ß-fpsS KpW-tZmj hnNn-¥-\-sa∂ \ne-bv°mWv tImfn-dnUvPv Xs‚ hmZ-߃

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

`mj-bpsSbpw hnIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw ss\k¿§n-I-X-bn-emWv thUvkvh¿Øv {i≤n-

°p-∂-sX-¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ ]e-I-hn-X-I-fnepw B \nbaw A\p-k-cn-°p-

∂n√ F∂v tImfv-dnUvPv A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-hn-Nm-c-ßsf DtØ-Pn-∏n-

°-W-sa-¶n¬ hnZym-̀ ym-khpw kwth-Z-\-£-a-Xbpw thWw F∂mWv At±-l-

Øns‚ \ne-]m-Sv. IhnX BZ¿im-flI Pohn-Xm-hn-jvIm-c-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂ Acn-

tÃm-́ n-eo-b≥ XØz-sØ-bmWv At±lw ]n≥Xm-ßp-∂-Xv. Ihn-X-bn¬ {KmaoW

PohnXw am{Xta hnj-b-am-°mhq F∂ hmZw A¿∞-iq-\y-am-sW∂v At±lw

]d-bp-∂p.

tImfvdn--UvPns‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ {Kmao-W¿°m-h-iy-amb ̀ mj Ah¿°p≠v F∂-

√msX Ah-cp-tSXv DXvIr-jvS-̀ m-j-b-√. Ah-cpsS Bi-b-temIw sNdp-Xm-b-Xn-

\m¬ hn]pe Bi-b-tem-I-Øns‚ A[n-]-Xn-bmb Ihn°v B `mj aXn-bm-

In√. sshb-‡n-I-Xbv°pw hy‡n Dƒs∏´p \n¬°p∂ h¿§-Øns‚ khn-tij-

X-Iƒ°pw ]Z-ß-fpsS km¿h-eu-In-I-Xbv°pw A\p-k-cn-®mWv a\p-jy-̀ mj cq]-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ `mj F√m-bn-SØpw F∂-t]mse {Kmao-cpsS

CS-bn-epap≠v.

148

So®¿ sSIvÃv

KZyØnsebpw ]Zy-Øntebpw `mjbv°v XΩn¬ kmc-amb hyXym-k-an√ F∂

thUvkvh¿Øns‚ hmZ-sØbpw tImfv-dnUvPv Jfin-°p-∂p-≠v. KZycN-\-

bvs°∂-t]mse IhnX-bp-sSbpw am[yaw hm°p-I-fm-Wv. F∂m¬ Dt±-iy-Øn¬

kw -̀hn-°p∂ hyXym-kw-aq-ew, ]Z-{]-tbm-K-Øn¬ kw -̀hn-°p∂ hyXym-k-amWv

KZy-sØbpw Ihn-X-sbbpw th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v At±lw ]d-bp-∂p.

Oμ- n-s\-°p-dn®pw tImfv-dnUvPv A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v Oμ v hnIm-c-Xo-{h-

amb a\- n¬ \n∂mWv D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. hnIm-c-Øns‚ A\n-b-{¥nX {]hm-lsØ

btYm-NnXw \nb-{¥-W-hn-t[-b-am°n Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ a\- ns‚

ss\k¿§n-I-amb ]cn-{i-a-Øns‚ ̂ e-amWv Oμ- v. AXv Bkzm-Z-Is‚ {i≤sb

DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p∂p. F∂m¬ hnIm-c-Øns‚ `mj-bmb Ihn-Xbv°v Oμ v Ir{Xn-

atam _mlytam Bb BI¿j-I-X-b-√. Bi-b-Øn-s‚bpw hnIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw

AwtKm-]mw-K-ß-fpsS kzm`m-hn-I-amb s]mcp-Ø-Øn¬ \n∂mWv B\μw D≠m-

Ip-∂-Xv. B\μw \evIpI F∂ {][m\ e£y-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb B`y-¥-c-

L-S-I-amWv Oμ- v. Oμ- n-√m-sXbpw Ihn-X-bp-≠m-Im-sa∂v tπt‰m-bpsS Imhy-

`mj DZm-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v At±lw ka¿∞n-°p-∂p.

Imhy-̀ m-j-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ tImfv-dnUvPns‚ Nn¥-Iƒ°v F°m-eØpw {]k-‡n-

bp-s≠∂v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Imhy-Ønse A\p-̀ -h-߃ Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw

hcp∂p F∂pw AXns‚ {]Im-i\w Poh¬`m-j-bn¬ ({KmaoW ̀ mj-bn¬) Bbn-

cn-°-W-sa∂pw thUvkvh¿Øv ]d-bp-∂p. Cu hmZ-Øns‚ {]mtbm-KnI Xe-

Øn-ep≈ tZmj-ß-sf-Sp-Øp-Im-́ p-Ibpw Imhy-̀ m-jm-ssi-en-sb-]‰n Iptd-°qSn

auen-I-amb XØz-ß-fn-te°v hnc¬ Nq≠p-I-bp-amWv Cu kwhm-Z-Øn-eqsS

tImfv-dn-UvPv.

endn°¬ _meUvkv

Cw•ojv Imev]-\nI {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ h‡m-°-fmb Ihn-Ifpw \ncq-

]-I-cp-amWv hneyw thUvkvh¿Øpw kmap-h¬ sSbve¿ tImfv-

dnUvPpw. 1795˛¬ Ch¿ XΩn-ep≈ IqSn-°m-gvNbpw Imhy-N¿®bpw

Hcp Ime-L-́ -Øns‚ Imhy-Z¿i-\sØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ \n¿Æm-

bI ]¶p hln-®p. Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw Ihn-X-Iƒ 1798˛¬ Lyrical Bal-lads F∂ t]cn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. CXv Imev]-\nI {]ÿm-\-

Øns‚ hnfw-_-c-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

BZy-]-Xn-∏n¬ thUvkvh¿Øv Fgp-Xn-t®¿Ø kw£n-]vX-Ip-dn-∏mWv

Advertisement to the Lyrical Ballads 1800˛¬ {]Im-i\w sNbvX

c≠mw ]Xn-∏n¬ hni-Z-amb apJ-hpc At±lw Fgp-Xn-tN¿Øp. CXv

Preface to the Lyrical' Ballads F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. 1802˛¬

149

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

]pd-Øn-d-°nb ]Xn-∏n¬tN¿Ø Imhy-̀ m-j-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ A\p-_-

‘-°p-dn-∏mWv Appendix on poetic Diction. 1815˛se ]Xn-∏n¬

'Supplementary to preface' Iq´n-t®¿Øp. Cu ]Xn-∏nse apJ-

hp-c-bn¬ 'Imagination and fancy' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ Nne \qX-

\m-i-b-߃ At±lw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p.

\nc-¥-c-amb Nn¥-bp-sSbpw ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw kplrXvIhn-

bpsS ss[j-WnI kl-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-WnX ̂ e-amWv 'Lyri-cal Ballads' s‚ Bap-J-Øn-eqsS {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂

th¿Uvkvh¿Øns‚ Imhy-Z¿i-\w.

We are Seven{KmaoW Pohn-Xhpw `mjbpw {KmaoW CXn-hr-Øhpw Ihn-X-bn¬

thWw F∂v kn≤m-¥n® hneyw thUvkvh¿Øv AXn-\p-Zm-l-cn®

Ihn-X-bmWv We are Seven . {Kma-Ønse Hcp Ip´n-bp-ambn Ihn

\S-Øp∂ kw`m-j-W-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ Ihn-X-bmWv CXv. Ah-fpsS

ho´n¬ F{X AwK-ß-fm-Wp-≈Xv F∂ Ihn-bpsS tNmZy-Øn\v

Rß-tfgp-t]-cmsW∂v Ahƒ adp-]Sn \evIp-∂p. Ah-fpsS hni-

Zo-I-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂v Ahƒ ac-W-s∏´ c≠p ktl-Z-c-∑msc

Ct∏mgpw AwK-ß-fmbn IW-°m-°p-∂p-sh∂v Ihn Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Ihn kwi-b-ap-∂-bn-°ptºmƒ Ahƒ Xs‚ adp-]-

Sn-bn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv.

acWw F∂ kXysØ hnizm-k-Øn-eqsS adn-I-S-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-

∂Xv Cu Ihn-X-bn¬ {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. AXo-{μn-b-amb, ]hn-{X-

amb kvt\lw F∂ Bi-bsØ {Kmao-W-amb `mj-bn-eqsS CXn-

hr-Ø-Øn-eqsS thUvkvh¿Øv Cu Ihn-X-bm¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-

∂p.

""Bcpw tXmgo ! bpe-In¬- ad-bp˛

∂n√; amwkw shSn-™m¬

Xocp-∂n√o {]W-b-P-Snew

tZln-X≥ tZl-_‘w''

F∂ Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ hcn-I-fpsS kam-\m-ibw Cu

Ihn-X-bn¬ ImWmw

150

So®¿ sSIvÃv

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

thUvkvh¿Øv ̨ tImfn-dnUvPv kwhm-Z-am-Xr-I-bn¬ DØ-a-I-em-kr-jvSn°v

{KmaoW Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-߃ A\n-hm-cy-amtWm F∂ hnj-bsØ

ap≥\n¿Øn kwhmZw kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw.

]mT-̀ mKw hmbn®v Ip´n-Iƒ Bi-b-߃ Ipdn-∏m-°-s´. {][m-\m-i-b-߃ Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°-s´. GsXms° Bi-b-߃ Ah¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

$ Icp-Øp‰ hnIm-c-ßfpsS ss\k¿§n-I-amb hnIm-c-amWv IhnX F∂v

thUvkvh¿Øv ]d-bp-∂p.

$ \ne-hn -ep≈ Zp¿tΩ-Z - p‰ Imhy-`m -j-tbm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏mWv

th¿Uvkvh¿Øns‚ Imhy-\n-cq-]-W-Øn-ep-≈Xv. thUvkvh¿Øns‚ \ne-

]m-Sp-Isf At±lw Xs∂ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-s√∂v tImfv-dnUvPv ]d-bp-∂p.

$ IhnX BZ¿im-flI Pohn-X-am-bn-cn-°Ww F∂mWv tImfvdn-UvPns‚ hmZw.

$

$

IqSp-X¬ N¿®bpw Iq´n-t®¿°-ep-I-fp-am-Imw. {]m[m-\y-{I-a-Øn¬ Nm¿´p-sN-øpI.

Htc Ime-L-́ -Ønse Ihn-Iƒ°v Ihn-X-sb-Ip-dn-®p≈ A`n-{]m-b-ß-fnse hyXym-

k-߃ Fs¥-√m-am-Wv. Ip´n-Iƒ FgpXn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

$ {KmaoW `mjbmWv Imhy-̀ m-j-bv°p-Nn-X-sa∂v thUvkvh¿Øv ]d-bp-∂p.

$ Imhy-̀ m-j-bn¬ Ir{Xn-aXzw h¿÷n-°Ww F∂mWv At±-l-Øns‚ A`n-

{]m-bw.

$ {KmaoWcpsS Bi-b-temIw sNdp-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬ {Kmao-W-̀ mj DXvIrjvS

`mj-sb∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v tImfv-dnUvPv.

$ tImfv-dn-UvPns‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ Ihn-X-bpsS {][m-\-e£yw B\μw D≠m-

°p-I-bm-Wv.

$

$

CXn¬ GXmWv IqSp-X¬ bp‡n-̀ -{Z-amb A`n-{]m-bw. Ip´n-Iƒ \nco-£-W-߃

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. N¿®-bm-Imw.

Ip´n -Isf \mep {Kq∏p -I-fm -°n -Øn-cn -°mw. c≠p {Kq∏p -Iƒ°v

thUvkvh¿Øns‚ hmZ-ßfpw a‰p c≠p {Kq∏p-Iƒ tImfvdn-UvPns‚ hmZ-

-ßfpw kw{K-ln-°-s´. {Kq-∏n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v sa®-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Ht∂m

151

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

ct≠m t]¿°v kz¥w `mj-bn¬ {]`m-j-W-cq-]-Øn¬ ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-kcw \evImw. CXn-\p-tijw Imhy-̀ mj, {]tabw F∂n-

h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ thUvkvh¿Øn-s‚bpw tImfvUvPn-s‚bpw A`n-{]m-b-ß-

fn¬ Bcp-tS-XmWv IqSp-X¬ kap-Nn-X-sa-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v N¿® \S-Ømw.

F≥. F≥. ]n≈-bpsS A™q-dm≥ kzc-Øn¬

hb- ≥ ]d™p; a°tf

sIm≠p hcn-s\Sm sP. kn. _n

sh´n-am‰mw \ap°o ae

ae-t]mbm Cu XntÆ-∂p-ImWmw

DZbw,

\ΩsS hmg-°≠w

Nhn-́ n-sbm-Sn-°m≥ hcp∂

_q´n´ Im´mt\w

* * * * * * * * *

\nc-Øns‚ A¿∞am A∏≥ ]Tnt®;

Rßfv s]m°-Ønt‚w.

As√-¶n¬ ChnsS tlmt¶m-ßn-se-sbm-s°-t∏mse

ln¬hyq / ]o°vhyq A∏m¿ v́sa‚ vkv sI´m≥

Ft∂ ]d-t™s\ A∏≥.

CØ-hW Rßfßv

sIm≠p-t]mΔm A∏s\;

FhnSm A∏-\n-jvS-sa∂p sh®m Ahn-tS°v.

aSn k©n-bn¬ ae-bp-ambv ]d∂

I¶m-cp-hp-≠∏m Bkvt{S-en-b-°m-cpsS

]g-¶-Y-bn¬; kq∏¿ l\p-am≥.

a\- p-dm©n ]£n-bp≠v

Atacn°-°m-cpsS IY-bn¬,

B\ dm©ow

Bflm-hp-dm-©o-sam-s°-]≠v

\ap-°p-≠m-cp-∂-t]mse.

A∏≥ Xs∂ Xocp-am-\n®m aXn

Fhn-tS-bvs°∂v

(]¿Δ-X-ßsf \o°w sNøm≥ tamln®

\mS≥ hr≤≥ ˛ sI. Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈)

152

So®¿ sSIvÃv

Cu Ihn-Xbv°v Hcm-kzm-Z\w Ip´n-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°-s´. kwL-ambn Xøm-dm°n

sa®-s∏-SpØn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®mepw aXn-bm-Ipw. {Kmao-W-Po-hn-Xhpw Ah-cpsS `mj-

bn¬ \n∂v sXsc-s™-SpØ `mj-bp-amWv Ihn-X-bn¬ th≠Xv F∂

thUvkvh¿Øns‚ hmZw ]q¿Æ-ambpw icn-bm-sW∂v ]d-bmtam. apI-fn¬

tN¿Ø Ihn-X-bpsS Bkzm-Z-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ \nco-£-W-߃

]¶p-h-bv°-s´.

$ {Kma-̀ mj Bt]-£n-I-amWv

$ \K-c-Øn-ep-≈Xpw a\p-jy-cm-Wv. Ah¿°pw Pohn-X-ap-≠v.

$ B Pohn-Xhpw sshIm-cn-I-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠XpXs∂-bm-Wv.

$ khn-tij a\pjy Pohn-Xm-hÿ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ ka¿∞-am-b-sXt¥m

AXmWv Imhy-̀ mj

Aßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ {Kmao-W-`m-jbpw, {Kmao-W-amb hnIm-cm-hn-jvI-c-W-

ßfpw am{X-amWv Imhy-̀ m-jbpw Ihn-Xbpw F∂ Bi-b-Øn-\p-a-∏p-d-ap-≈-XmWv

Imhy-̀ mj F∂p-Im-Wmw. Ip´n-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ Ihn-X-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv

\ncq-]Ww Xøm-dm-°-s´.

Ihn-X-bnse Oμ- n-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ tImfvdn-UvPns‚ A`n-{]mbw ka-

Im-enI Ihn-X-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn hni-I-e\w sNømw. Ip´n-Iƒ

]cn-Nb-ap≈ Hcp IhnX sNm√-s´. Ihn-X-bpsS Bi-b-ßfpw D≈-S-

°hpw am{X-amtWm \sΩ Ihn-X-tbm-S-Sp-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-{]mbw

]d-b-s´.

$ CuWw

$ Xmfw

$ i_vZm-h¿Ø\w

$

$

Ch-sb√mw km[m-cW A\p-hm-N-Is\ Ihn-X-tbm-S-Sp-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu Bi-

b-tØmSv tImfv-dn-UvPns‚ Bibw F{X-tØmfw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Ip´n-

Iƒ hniZoI-cn-°-s´. Ihn-X-bn¬ \nß-fpsS {i≤sb BI¿jn-°p∂ LS-I-

߃ Fs¥√mw? Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ PohnX {]Xn-]m-Z\w

$ CXn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ kmaq-ly-{]-iv\-߃

$ _nw_-߃

153

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

$ Imhy-I-ev]-\-Iƒ

Cß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬, Ihn-Xbv°v Oμ v \n¿_-‘-am-tWm. Cu hnj-b-sØ-

°p-dn®v CXp-hsc Db¿∂p-h∂ hmZ-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Ipdn∏v Xøm-

dm°n Ah-X-cn--∏n-°-s´.

$ Ihn-X-bpsS kz`m-h-amWv Oμ v thtWm th≠tbm F∂ Xocp-am-\-Øn-

\-Sn-ÿm-\w.

$ `mhm-flI Ihn-Xbv°v Oμ v A\p-Iqe LS-I-am-Imw.

$ Ihn-X-I-sf√mw `mhm-fl-I-am-I-W-sa-∂n√ AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Oμ v

\n¿_-‘-am-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bn-√.

]m›mXy ]uckvXy Imhy-ao-amw-k-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ihn-X-Iƒ

hni-I-e\w sNømw. thUvkvh¿Øn-s‚bpw B\-μ-h¿≤-s‚bpw kmln-

Xy-Xy-kn-≤m-¥-ß-sfbpw Ah-bpsS \n¿Δ-N-\-ß-sfbpw Ipdn®v Ip´n-I-

tfmSv ]d-bmw. B\-μ-h¿≤-\s‚ [z\n kn≤m-¥hpw thUvkvh¿Øns‚

Imhy-]p-\¿\n¿h-N-\hpw Ip´n-Iƒ ]mT-`m-K-ß-fn-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-´n-´p-

≠v. kn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS {][m-\m-i-b-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Ipdn-∏m-°-s´.

XpS¿∂v \n¿h-N-\-߃°-\p-kr-X-ambn Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-ap≈ Ihn-X-Iƒ

Ah¿ DZm-l-cn-°-s´. [mcmfw Ihn-X-Iƒ Ah¿ DZm-l-cn-°mw. Ah-bn¬ \n∂v

c≠p kn≤m-¥-߃°pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb c≠v Ihn-X-IƒhoXw A[ym-]-I\v

sXsc-s™-Sp-°mw. Ip´n-Isf \mep {Kq∏p-I-fm-°n-Øn-cn®v Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw

Hmtcm-I-hnX hni-I-e-\-Øn-\mbn \evImw. c≠p-{Kq-∏p-Iƒ°v hnIm-c-ß-fpsS

{]hm-l-amb Ihn-X. c≠p {Kq∏p-Iƒ°v [z\ym-fl-I-amb IhnX {Kq∏n¬ hni-

e\w \SØn Hcmƒ hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. hni-I-e-\-Øn¬

Fs¥√mw Bi-b-߃ e`n-°mw.

$ Ihn-X-bpsS D≈-S°w

$ ]Z{-]-tbm-K-Øn-ep≈ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

$ {]Xn-̂ -en-°p∂ kmaq-lnI PohnXw

$ Ah-X-c-W-coXn

$ Xmf-Øns‚ {]tXy-IX

a‰p {Kq∏p-Iƒ°v Iq´n-t®¿°¬ \SØmw. Hmtcm Ihn-X-bp-sSbpw khn-ti-j-X-

Iƒ t{ImUo-I-cn®v kn≤m¥ ]cn-N-bhpw hni-I-e-\hpw IrXy-am°-Ww.

XpS¿∂v Hmtcm {Kq∏n\pw ap≥]v hni-I-e\w \S-Ønb AtX kn≤m-¥-Øn¬s∏-

Sp∂ Hmtcm Ihn-X-IƒIqSn \evImw. Icp-Øp‰ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS ss\k¿§n-I-{]-

hmlw ˛ ]mSp∂ ]nim-Nv, aWn-\mZw.

154

So®¿ sSIvÃv

aWn-\mZw.

aWn-ap-g°w! ac-W-Zn-\-Øns‚

aWn-ap-g°w a[pcw! ˛ hcp∂p Rm≥!

NncnIƒ tXmdp-sa≥ ] -́S-Øo-s∏mcn

NnX-dn-Sp-t∂m-c-c-ß-Øp-\n-∂n\n,

hnS-Xcq, aXn t]mIs´ Rm\p-sa≥˛

\S-\-hn-Z-ybpw aqI kwKo-Xhpw!

hnhn-[-co-Xn-bn-sem-‰-\n-an-j-Øn¬

hnj-a-am-sW-\n-°m-Sp-hm≥, ]mSp-hm≥;

\h-c-k-߃ kv̂ pcn-°-W-sam-s°-bp˛

ah-c-h¿°n-jvS-am-bn-́ n-cn-°Ww!

Acp-X-cp-sX-\n°o coXn sX√p-an˛

®cn-X-sa-∂p-a-]q¿W-am-sW-¶nepw

AWn-b-sem-s°-°-gn™p Rm≥ ]ns∂-bp˛

aWn-b-d-bn-en-cp∂q \nKq-V-ambv

]e Zn\hpw \h-\-h-co-Xn-Iƒ

]cn-N-bn®p, ^en-®n-s√m-c-ev]hpw

Xhn-Sp-t]mse XI-cp-sa≥ am\-k˛

ahn-sS-sb-Øn-®n-cn®p Ipg-bWw!

Nncn-sNm-cn-bp-hm-\m-bn-sb≥ tZin-I≥

inckn XmU-\-ta‰o ]e-s∏m-gpw.

l!l!l! hnkvabw, hnkvabw, temIta!

AXn-hn-Nn-{Xao \rØ-in-£m-{Iaw!

If-cn-amdn Rm≥ I®-sI-́ m-an\n;

Ifn-b-c-sßm∂p amdn-t\m-°m-an\n;

{]W-b-\m-S-I-sa-∂p-an-Xp-hn[w

\nW-a-Wn-®n-en-se-Øm-Xn-cp-∂nSm!

aWn-ap-g°w ac-W-Zn-\-Øns‚

aWn-ap-g°w a[pcw! ˛ hcp∂p Rm≥!

DZ-b-ap-≠n-\n-ta-en-e-sX-¶n-se˛

∂pZ-I-Ir-X-y-߃ sNøp-hm-s\-Øn-Spw.

ÿncXbn-√mØ temI-Øn-se-¥n-\mbv

155

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

Nnc-hn-cln Rm≥ taenepw tIgWw?

a[p-c-Nn-¥-Iƒ am-™p-t]m-bo-Sth,

ac-W-am-Wn-\n-÷o-hn-®n-cn-°p-hm≥;

Ccp-fn-em-cp-a-dn-bm-sX-sb-{X-\mƒ

Icfp s\m¥p Rm≥ tIgp-a-\¿Kfw?

lrZ-b-an-√mØ temIta, sb¥n-\m˛

bXn\p ImcWw tNmZn∏p \o kZm?

]c-k-l{kw cl-k-y-ap-s≠-∂p-sa≥˛

]pd-In¬\n-∂nZw hnßn-°-c-bp-hm≥

kvac-W-bm-bn-∏-d-∂p-h-s∂-∂p-sa≥˛

ac-W-i-ø-bn¬ am¥-fn¿ Nm¿-Øp-hm≥-̨

ka-b-ambn, Rm≥ ˛ \ofw \ng-ep-Iƒ

£a-b-f-∂Xm \nev°p-∂p. \of-th.

˛ CS-∏≈n cmL-h≥]n-≈

]mSp∂ ]nimNv

tZh\m-bvsØ-‰n-≤-cn®p ]nim-Nn-s\˛

÷oth-i-\mbv th´p, tZhtX, \o!

A]vk-c-s -Øn-∏n-im-Np-a-bvt®-cp-s∂m˛

c¤p-X-cw-K-am-Wn-{]-]©w!

b£n-I-tfm-sSmØp tZh-∑m¿ IqSp∂

in£m-\n-tI-X-amWn {]]©w!

£pØ-S-ßm-sX-{X-Im-eam amt¥m-en¬

£p{Zamw sN∂m-b-Sßn \nev°pw?

I≠n-√-Xn≥ap-\-Iq¿Ø \J-߃ \o

sN≠p-IƒsIm≠p s]mXn-™-Xn-\m¬!

C∂-h-bn-¶¬\n-∂n‰n-‰p-ho-gp∂p

sN∂n-W-Øp-≈n-Iƒ \ns‚ apºn¬!

Dƒ°n-X-t∏m-Spg-t∂m-Sn-sbm-fn-°p-∂n˛

X°mgvN I≠p \o,b]vk-ct !

ho¿∏n´p \nev]p \o ˛ sb¶nepw \nt∂mSp

am∏p tNmZn-°n-s√m-cn-°-epw Rm≥.

A{X-bv°p-t]mepw aln-abv°n-S-sas‚

NnØ-Øn-en√ ˛ Rms\¥p sNøpw?

156

So®¿ sSIvÃv

ap√-samt´, \o, apdn-s∏-Sm-s\-¥n-\n˛

°≈n-ap-≈n-t∑-e-S¿∂p hoWp?

A{X-bv°-k-l-y-am-a-Ø-em¬ \o s]øp˛

a{ip-h¿j-Øn-se≥ ssI IgpIn,

A°-øn¬ aZ-y-N-j-I-hp-ta¥n \n˛

∂¤p-X-\rØw \S-Øp-thm≥ Rm≥!

˛ Nß-ºpg IrjvW-]n-≈

$ Ihn-bpsS sshb-‡nI A\p-̀ -h-߃ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p.

$ Ihn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ hnImcw D≠v.

$ efn-X-amb `mj

$ s\cmiyw {]Xn-̂ -en-°p-∂p.

$

$

[z\ym-fl-I-amb IhnX ˛ H∂v c≠v aq∂,v AΩqΩ.

H∂v, c≠,v aq∂v,

]ns∂bpw X≥ sNdp-hn-c¬ sXms´Æo˛

"H∂v, c≠p, aqs∂∂∂m htbm-[nI

A∏p-I-h-≠n-bv°p-≈p-≈n-en-cn-∏-h˛

c¤p-X-]-cn-lm-k-Z-cn-X-cmbv

]p©n-cn-sbm-́ -S°o ]´m-f-°m¿,

h¨Nn-cn-bm¬ ]X™q bph-Xn-Iƒ

G‰p-sNm√o hb- -s\mcm ""sfs‚

Iq´tc Zb-sNbvXp Nncn-bvs°mem

AΩ-bmbv `mKy-sI-s´mco am\ybmw

s]¨]n-d-∂-h¿°p‰ `¿Ømhp Rm≥

t]mb amk-an-h-fp-sS-bm-◊-°ƒ

t]mcn-sem-s∂m-∂mbv hoWp-t]mbv aqhcpw

Rm≥ Xp\n-hn, Xnh-sf-b-Sp-sØmcp

{`m¥m-im-e-bn¬s°m-≠p-t]m-bm-°p-hm≥''

AΩpdn au\-cw-Kw-am, sbm∂p-sXm˛

´Ω ]n\-s∂-bp-sa-Æn-Øp-S-ßn-\mƒ ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n {io[-c-ta-t\m≥

AΩqΩ

157

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

Fs‚ AΩqΩbv°p Indp-°m-bn-cp-∂p.

Indp°p aqØv ac-W-am-bn.

Fs‚ ep_v[-\mb AΩm-a≥ Ahsc

hbvt°m-en¬ s]mXn™p Ie-h-d-bn¬ kq£n-®p.

]gp-Øp-W-ßn-b-t∏mƒ AΩqΩ

hnØp-I-fmbn s]m´n-®n-Xdn

Ie-h-d-P-\-en-eqsS ]pd-Øp-NmSn

AXn-semcp Ipcp ]Sp-apf apf®v

Fs‚ AΩ-bmbn

shbnepw agbpw h∂v

AΩ-bpsS Indp°p apf®v Rm\pw

]ns∂ Rms\-ßns\

kz¿Æ-∏-√p≈ Ipc-ß-∑m-sc-°p-dn®v

IhnX-sb-gp-Xm-Xn-cn°pw? ˛ k®n-Zm-\-μ≥

$ Ihn-X-IfpsS kmam-\ym¿∞-Øn¬ Ihn™ as‰m-cm-i-b-temIw Ihn-X-I-

fn-ep-≠v.

$ Bi-bw, kml-N-cyw, `mhw XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS kzm[o\w aqe-amWv Cu

Bi-b-temIw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

$ hkvXp[z\nbpw, `mh-[z-\nbpw D≠v.

$

$

Ip´n-Iƒ kn≤m-¥-]-cn-N-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ihn-X-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNø-

s´. So®¿ Bh-iy-amb CSs]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-Ø-Ww. kwL-N¿®-bn¬ F√m Ip´n-

I-fp-sSbpw ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≠m-Im≥ {i≤n-°-Ww. Ihn-Xm-hn-i-I-e\w {Kq∏n¬

hmbn®p sa®-s∏-SpØn s]mXp Ah-X-c-W-am-Imw.

CXc {Kq∏p-I-fpsS \n¿t±-i-߃ IqSn kzoI-cn®v Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v ]q¿Øn-bm-

°mw.

Icp-Øp‰ hnIm-c-ß-fpsS ss\k¿§nI {]hm-l-amWv IhnX F∂

th¿Uvkvh¿Øns‚ \n¿hN-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hn`m-X-hn-̀ qXn

F∂ IhnX hni-I-e\w sNømw.

th¿Uvkvh¿Øns‚bpw tImfn-dn-UvPns‚bpw B\-μ-h¿≤-\-s‚bpw kn≤m-¥-

ß-fpsS Hm¿Ωs∏Sp-Ø-emhmw. Cukn-≤m-¥-ß-fpsS GsX√mw LS-I-߃

hn`m-X-hn-̀ q-Xn-bn-ep-≠v. GXv Bi-b-amWv Cu Ihn-X-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ A\p-tbm-

158

So®¿ sSIvÃv

Py-am-hp-I. Ip´n-Iƒ N¿®-sN-ø-s´. hn`n-∂m-̀ n-{]m-b-߃ D≠mImw. GsX√mw

A`n-{]m-b-߃ e`n-°mw.

$ {]`mXw ho£n® Ihn-°p-≠mb BÀm-ZmXn-tcIw Ihn-X-bn¬ ImWmw.

$ a\p-jy-kz-̀ mh hna¿iw Ihn-X-bn-ep-≠v.

$ [z\ym-flI {]tbm-K-߃ Ihn-X-bn-ep-≠v.

$ {]mkw, khn-ti-j-{]-tbm-K-߃ F∂nh Ihn-Xsb at\m-l-c-am-°p-∂p.

$ Bem-]\ kpJw \¬Im≥ Ign-bp-∂-XmWv

Bi-b-߃ t{ImUo-I-cn®v IqSp-X¬ N¿®-bm-Imw. {]`m-X-Øns‚ at\m-lm-cnX

a\p-jy-kz-`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fp-ambn Ihnbv°v Iq´n-t®¿°m≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv

sshIm-cnI `mh-߃ IqSn-t®¿∂-Xn-\m-em-Wv. thUvkvh¿Øv \n¿h-Nn-°p∂

{Kmao-W-Po-hn-Xhpw {Kmao-W-`m-jbpw Imhy-`m-j-bn¬thWw F∂ Bibw

hn`mX hn`q-Xn-bn¬ F{X-tØmfw {]Xn-̂ -en-°p∂p. ChnsS Icp-Øp‰ hnIm-c-

ß-fpsS ss\k¿§n-I-amb Ihn-s™m-gp-I-e√ adn®v {]im-¥-X-bn¬ A\p-kva-

cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ XØp-ey-hn-Im-c-Øns‚ BhnjvI-c-W-amWv ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-

Xv. Cu kqN\ Dƒs°m≠v Ip´n-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ N¿® sNø-s´. kqN\m-Ip-dn∏v

Xbm-dm-°-s´. CXn-\p-tijw hn`mX hn`q-Xn-bpsS sshinjvSyw F∂ hnj-b-

Øn¬ D]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°mw.

Ip´n-Iƒ Ihn-X-hm-bn®v Ihn-X-bn¬ kqNn-∏n-°-s∏´ \o Bcm-bn-cn-°m-

\n-S-bp-s≠∂v N¿® sNø-s´. Ihn-X-bpsS a‰p hni-Z-X-e-ßfpw N¿®bv°v

hnj-b-am-h-s´. "\o' _mey-Im-eØv Ihn-bpsS Ifn-°q-́ p-Im-cnbpw ]ns∂

Im-ap-In-bp-am-bn-cn-°mw. {]Wbw hnj-b-am-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv CØcw

hm°p-Ifpw {]tbm-K-ßfpw Ihn-X-bn¬ hcp-∂-Xv. Cd-sh-≈w, ]pg kap-

{Zw, Ch-sb√mw sh≈-Øns‚ hI-t -̀Z-ß-fm-Wv. Htc `mh-amWv Ihn-X-

bn-eqsS HgpIp-∂Xv F∂¿∞w. B `mh-am-Is´ B¿{Z-X-\n-d-™-Xp-am-

Wv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ GsXms° L -́ßsf Cu Ihn-X-bn¬ [z\n-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂p-≠v.

$ sh≈m-c-¶√v Fdn-bp∂ _meyw

$ PohnXw kap-{Z-Xpeyw A\p-̀ h _lp-e-am-Ip∂ buh\w

{]W-b-Øns‚ `mh-]-c-amb hf¿® F{X-tØmfw [z\ym-fl-I-ambn Ihn-X-bn¬

kqNn-X-am-Ip-∂p≠v F∂p ]cn-tim-[n-°-s´.

Cdsh≈-Øn¬ sh≈m-c-¶√v Fdn-bpI F∂ {]tbmKw \\pØ _mey-Iu-

amc {]W-b-Øns‚ kqN\ Xcp-∂p. AXp Imev]-\n-I-am-Wv. "]pg-bn-se-ØpI'

F∂Xv Pohn-X-Øns‚ Xnc-°p-\n-d™ as‰mcp L´sØ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ahn-

159

kn≤m¥-]¿hw

sSbpw Iq´mbn sXmgn-bp-≠v.

kap-{ZsØ kz]v\w ImWp-sºmgpw AXv \n∂n-eqsS Xs∂-bm-h-W-sa-∂mWv

Ihn-bpsS B{Klw PohnXw Iep-jhpw k¶o¿Æ-hp-am-Ip-sºmgpw {]W-b-Øns‚

shfn-®-amWv XpW-bm-hp-∂Xv F∂ Bibw ChnsS [z\n-°p-∂p.

Pohn-X-Øns‚ IqsS-Øs∂ AXns‚ Hgp-°mbn {]Wbw CS-X-S-hn-√msX HgpIn

\oßp-∂-Xns‚ A\p-̀ hw Cu sNdnb IhnX \evIp-∂p. Ihn-Xm-hn-i-I-e-\-Øn-

\p-tijw Ihn-X-bpsS [z\ym-fl-IX hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂p Hcp Ipdn∏v Ip´n-Iƒ

Xbm-dm-°-s´.

kvXw`-\-߃AXn-cm-hnse Fgp-t∂‰v ap‰-a-Sn-®v, Nmb-bn-́ v, {]mX-sem-cp-°n, Ip™p-

ßsf Ipfn-∏n-®n-d°n Hcp-°n, kvIqfn-te-°-b-®v, ASn®p\\®v, D®-

bq-sWm-cp-°n, hncp-∂p-Im¿°p hnf-ºn, `¿Øm-hns\ ImWm-s\-

Ønb Imt\-jp-amcn IW-s°-Sp-∏p-Im¿°p Nmb-bp-am-bn-sN-√p-tºmƒ

aqcn-\n-h¿∂v, `¿Øm-hv, `mcy, hb v ap∏-Ø©v, tPmen C√ F∂p

]d-bp-∂-Xp-tI v́ lrZbw Hcp _eq¨ IWs° s]m´n, Ahƒ acn-

®p-ho-Wp.

˛ Hcp ]mhw lrZ-bsØ kvXw`n-∏n-°m≥ Pohn-X-Øns‚ ssIbn¬

\nc-h[n D]m-b-ß-fp-≠m-Imw. AjnX

Ajn-X-bpsS kvXw -̀\-߃ F∂ sN-dp-IY Ip´n-Iƒ hmbn-°-s´. Cu IY-

bpsS {]ta-b-a-S-°-ap≈ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ N¿®-sNømw Fs¥-√m-amWv khn-

ti-j-X-Iƒ.

$ emfnXyw {it≤-b-am-Wv.

$ {lkz-amb IY

$ ]e IYm-]m-{X-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kqN\ Xcp-∂p.

$ tPmen-bn√ F∂ {]tbm-K-amWv IY-bpsS "Kpcp-Xz-tI-{μ-ambn

\n¬°p∂Xv.

ap‰-a-Sn-®p≈ sXm´v Nmb-bp-ambn sN√p-tºmƒhscbp≈ B kv{XobpsS

Xo¿Øm¬ XocmØ tPmen-I-sf-°p-dn-®mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXn-\p-tijw "tPmen-

bn√' F∂ `¿Øm-hns‚ A`n-{]mbw hcp-tºmƒ sshcp-≤y-Øn¬ \n∂v [z\n-

bpsS kvt^mS\w kw`-hn-°p-∂p. Ihn-X-bn¬ am{X-a√ IY-bnepw [z\n-{]-

h¿Øn°mw F∂ Xncn-®-dnhv Ip´n-Iƒ°p-≠m-h-s´.

160

So®¿ sSIvÃv

5am[ya-]¿hw

BapJw

Hscm-‰-bp-]-I¿Øm-hm˛

cqgn-s°∂pc sNøp-hm≥

teihpw kwibw th≠m

en]n I≠p-]n-Sn-®-h≥

alm-Ihn D≈q¿ Cu hcn-I-fn-eqsS A£-c-ß-fpsS al-Xz-sØ-bmWv DZvtLm-

jn-°p-∂-Xv. en]n I≠p-]n-Sn-®-h≥, hm°p-Iƒ°p tcJm-cq]w \¬In-b-h≥ Ah-

\mWv temI-Øns‚ {kjvSm-hv. CXv \ΩpsS kmam\y bp‡n-Nn-¥sb D√w-Ln-

°p∂ H∂m-sW-¶n-epw, `mj-bpsS {]m[m-\ysØ \ap°v Hcn-°epw Xnc-kvI-cn-

°m-\m-hn-√. kwkvIm-c-k-º-Øns‚ ssh]p-eyhpw alm-flyhpw Xe-ap-dbv°p

]I-cm≥ A®-Sn-hnZy klm-b-I-am-bn. CXp-hgn hn⁄m\ hnX-cWw Ffp-∏-ambn.

hnt\m-Z-Øn\pw {]t_m-[-\-Øn\pw A®Sn D]-I-cn-®p. kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-c-W-

kw-cw-̀ -߃ Xzcn-X-K-Xn-bn-em-°p-∂-Xn\v A®Sn am[y-a-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p ap∂n¬

\ne-sIm-≠-Xv. am[y-a-tem-I-Øns‚ hnIm-k-Øn\v ASn-Ø-d-]m-Inb A®-Sn-am-

[y-a-߃ (print media) C∂v sshhn[yhXvI-c-W-Øns‚ ]mX-bn-em-Wv. kmt¶-

XnI hnZy-bpsS hf¿®-bmWv CeIvt{SmWnIv am[y-a-ß-fpsS {]Nm-c-Øn\v hgn-

sbm-cp-°n-b-Xv. c≠p [mc-I-fmbn k©-cn® A®-Sn-am-[y-a-ßfpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv

am[y-a-ßfpw ssItIm¿°p∂ ImgvN C∂v km[m-c-W-am-Wv. CXv Bib {]k-

c-W-Øns‚ thKhpw hym]vXnbpw hf¿®bpw h¿≤n-∏n-®p.

kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ KXn \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn¬ am[y-a-߃ C∂v kp{]-

[m\ ]¶p hln-°p-∂p. C∂v P\-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp∂ kakvX taJ-

e-I-fnepw am[ya kzm[o\w Z¿in-°mw. hm¿Ø-I-fpsS apJy-t{km-X-kmb am[y-

a-ßsf AtX-]Sn Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw hyh-t—-Zn-®-dn-bpI F∂ \ne-]m-

SmWv kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xv. D]-t`mK kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ krjvSn-bmb ]c-ky-߃

{]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv am[y-a-ß-fn-em-Wv. C∂v hnh-c-hn-\n-a-b-temI-Ønepw ]c-ky-

߃ AXns‚ hy‡-amb km\n[yw Dd-∏n-®p-I-gn-™p. ]c-ky-ßsf IÆ-S®v

hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn\p]cn -hn-th-N-\-_p-≤n-tbmsS t\m°n-°m-W-Ww. hnh-c-km-t¶-

XnI hnZy-bpsS hf¿®-bmWv ssk_¿ kmln-Xy-Øn\p ta¬hn-em-k-ap-≠m-

°nbXv. bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ {]Xo-Xn-bp-W¿Øn-bmWv ssk_¿temIw \ne-

161

am[ya]¿hw

\n-ev°p-∂-Xv. hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-XnI hnZy {]ta-b-am-°p∂ kmln-Xy-cq-]-

ß-sf-bmWv ssk_¿ kmlnXyw F∂p hnf-°p-∂-Xv. ssk_¿temIw D≠m-

°nb kzm[o-\hebw an°-hmdpw buΔ-\-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv. {`an-∏n-°p∂ Pme-I-ß-

f-mWv ssk_¿temIw Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂Xv CØ-c-samcp kmlNcyØn¬ ssk_¿

CS-ß-fnse I≈-\m-W-b-ßsf IqSn Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww. am[y-a-tem-Ihpw ssk_¿

CS-ßfpw \nc-h[n sXmgn¬ km[y-X-bp≈ taJ-e-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. tIhew hnt\m-

tZm-]m[n F∂ \ne-bn¬ \n∂pw `n∂-ambn Chsb kao-]n-°-Ww. s]mXp-Po-

hn-X-Øn¬ Zriy-am-Ip∂ \h-am-[ya {]h-W-X-Isf Xncn-®-dn-bp-I-hgn AXns‚

sXmgn¬]c-amb km[y-X-sb-°qSn t_m[y-s∏-SpØpw hn[-amWv Cu bqWn‰v

hn\n-abw sNtø-≠-Xv. D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-amb ]c-ky-ßsf ka-

{K-ambn hni-I-e\w sNøp-I-bmWv kn. KucoZm-k≥-\m-b-cpsS ]c-kyhpw D]-

t`m-K-Xz-cbpw F∂ teJ-\w. am[y-a-hn-a¿i-\-Øn-eq-∂nb ]T-\-amWv CXv e£y-

am-°p-∂-Xv. hc-sam-gn-bn¬ \n∂pw a\p-jy≥ Xnc-sb-gp-Øn-te°p IS-°p∂ ]cn-

Wm-a-L-́ sØ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv N{μ-a-Xn-bpsS sh_vssk‰v F∂ IY.

ssk_¿temIw Hcp-°p∂ {]Xym-Lm-X-ßsf IY Xpd-∂p-Im-́ p-∂p. Cu ]mT-

`m-K-߃ kwth-Z\w sNøp-tºmƒ hnh-c-hn-\n-ab temIsØ \ho\ {]h-W-X-

Iƒ ¢mkvapdn N¿®-bn-te°p sIm≠p-h-c-Ww. am[y-a-ß-fp-tSXv Ah-km\hm°√

F∂p a\-kn-em°n AXns\ hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn hne-bn-cp-ØWw.

{]th-iIw

A©mw bqWn-‰ns‚ {]th-iIw Ip´n-Iƒ hmbn-®-Xn-\p-tijw A[ym-]-I≥

s]mXp-hmb Nne tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

$ kmt¶-XnI hf¿®-bpsS G‰hpw henb DZm-l-c-W-ambn \n߃ IW-°m-

°p∂ Nne D]-I-c-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-bmtam?

Ip´n-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw

$ Iºyq-´¿ $ samss_¬ t^m¨ $ Iymad

$ Fß-s\-sb-√m-amWv Ch \ap°v D]-I-cn-°p-∂Xv?

$ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn\v $ Nn{X-߃ ]I¿Øm≥

$ hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn\v $ hn⁄m\w ]I-cp-∂-Xn\v

$ hnh-c-߃ kq£n-°m≥

$ a\p-jys‚ GtXXp tijn-I-fpsS hnIm-k-amWv Iya-dbpw Iºyq-́ dpw?

$ Iymad IÆn\p ]Icw \nev°p∂p

$ Iºyq-́ ¿ Xe-t®m-dn\p ]Icw \nev°p∂p

162

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ IÆn-\pw Iyma-d-bv°p-ap≈ s]mXp-hmb KpW-߃ Fs¥√mw?

$ ImgvN-bpsS km[y-X-X-s∂-bmWv Ch-bpsS s]mXp-KpWw

$ Iymad IÆns‚ hym]\-amWv F∂p ]d-bm≥ Imc-W-w?

$ Zriy-߃ Zo¿L-Imew kq£n-®p-sh-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

$ IrXy-X-]m-en-°p-∂p.

$ Hcp-]mSp t]¿°p Zriy-߃ ]¶p-sh°mw

$ Xnc-s™-Sp--°-s∏´ Zriy-߃ am{Xw kzoI-cn-°p-∂p.

$ Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xe-t®m-dns‚ hym]\-amWv Iºyq-́ ¿ F∂ ]d-bp-

∂Xv F¥p-sIm≠v?

$ `mj KWnXw F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

$ hn⁄m\w tiJ-cn-®p-h-bv°p-∂p.

$ DNn-X-amb kμ¿ -̀Øn¬ ssIam-dp-∂p.

$ Xe-t®m-dn-t\-°mƒ D]-cn-bmbn Iºyq-́ -dns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

$ \nan-j-t\-cw-sIm≠v Adn-hp-Iƒ NnI-bm\pw tiJ-cn-°m\pw Ign-

bp-∂p.

$ hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb hnh-c-߃ e`n-°p-∂p.

$ Iºyq-́ ¿ irwJ-e-bn-ep≈ Bi-b-hn-\n-abw C∂v kaq-lsØ

BIam\w \nb-{¥n-°p-∂p. AXns‚ A`n-cp-Nn-Isf \n›-bn-°m-

\p≈ kn≤n Iºyq-́ -dn-\p-≠v.

]c-kyhpw D]-t`m-K-Xz-cbpw

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

am[y-a-߃°p≈ s]mXp-P\ kzoImcyX \nkvX¿°-amb Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. hnizm-

ky-X-bmWv am[y-a-ß--fpsS \ne-\n-ev]n-\-Sn-ÿm-\w. (Cu hnizm-ky-X-bn-emWv

hm¿Ø-Ifpw hnh-c-ßfpw am[y-a-ß-fn-eqsS hn\n-abw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv) s]mXpsh

F√m am[y-a-ßfpw hnizm-kyX ImØp-kq-£n-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂p. kXy-k-‘-

amb hnh-c-߃ am[y-a-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p-tºmƒ s]mXp-k-aqlw Ahsb

F√mw ad∂v Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. am[y-a-ßfpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-

ep≈ _‘-sØ-bmWv ]c-ky-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. DXv]-∂m-[n-jvTnX

temIØv ]c-ky-ß-fpsS hn`n∂hi-߃ ka-{K-ambn hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂-XmWv

163

am[ya]¿hw

Kuco-Zm-k≥ \mb-cpsS ]c-kyhpw D]-t`m-K-Xz-c-bpw F∂ teJ-\w. s{]m^k¿

]∑\ cma-N-{μ≥\mb-¿ FUn‰p sNbvX am[y-a-]-T-\-߃ F∂ {KŸ-Ønse

Hcp ]T-\-amWv Cu teJ-\w.

B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚ D]-t`m-K-Xz-c-bmWv ]cky߃°p ]pXn-b-am\w

\evInbXv. ]ckyw F∂-Xns‚ tIh-e-bp‡n ""D]-t`m-‡m-hns‚ A⁄-Xsb

C√m-Xm-°p-I-bmWv'' F∂m¬ C∂v AhnSw sIm≠p-am{Xw Ah-km-\n-°p∂

BhnjvImc X{¥a√-]-c-ky-߃ {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. ]c-ky-߃ Pohn-X-Øns‚

kakvXtaJ-e-I-fnepw sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o-\sØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Bg-Øn-

ep≈ ]T-\-߃ \S-°p-∂p-≠v. kmaq-lnI imkv{X-Øn-s‚bpw A¿∞-im-kv{X-

Øn-s‚bpw at\m-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øns‚bpw hni-I-e-t\m-]-I-c-W-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-

®mWv Cu ]T-\-߃ \S-°p-∂-Xv. Bh-iy-߃ C√m-Øn-SØv IrXy-ambn AXv

krjvSn-°p-Ibpw Bh-iy-߃°v ]pXnb am\w \evIp-I-bp-amWv ]c-ky-X-{¥w.

]c-ky-߃ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ {][m\ CSw am[y-a-߃ Bb-Xp-sIm-≠mWv ]c-

ky-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\w am[y-a-]-T-\-Øns‚ kp{]-[m\ imJ-bm-sW∂v teJ-

I≥ \nco-£n-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jys‚ B{K-l-ßsf a\-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn hni-I-

e\w sNbvXv Fßs\ Hcp DXv]-∂-Øns‚ D]-t`m-‡m-hm°n am‰mw F∂

Nn¥ am{X-amWv ]c-ky-\n¿Ωm-Xm-°ƒ°p-≈-Xv. AXn-\p-th≠n BNmcw A\p-

jvTm\w BtLmjw F∂n-h-sb√mw ]c-ky-ß-fpsS kwhm-Z-hn-j-b-am-Ip-∂p.

CXp-hgn hmßp-∂-bmƒt]mepw Adn-bmsX DXv]-∂-Øns‚ h‡m-hm-bn-am-dp-

Ibm-Wv.

DXv]∂w F∂ k¶ev]-Øn\v Xs∂ hyXn-bm\w kw`-hn-®-Xmbn teJ-I≥

\nco-£n-°p-∂p. C≥jyp-d≥kv ]≤-Xn-Ifpw, s{IUn-‰vIm¿Upw s]≥j≥ ̂ ≠pw

_m¶nMv taJ-e-bp-sa√mw C∂v DXv]-∂-Øns‚ KW-Øn-emWv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-

∂Xv. DXv]-∂-ßsf BI¿j-Wo-b-ambn kaq-l-a-[y-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

AXn\v Hcp X\Xp hy‡nXzw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXmWv ]n∂oSv

{_m≥Unßv F∂ {]{In-b-bn-te°v \bn-°p-∂-Xv. ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb kzXzsØ

]msS A´n-a-dn-°p∂hn[-ap≈ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ ]c-ky-߃°p≠v. ASn-ÿm\

Bh-iy-ßfpw B¿`m-S-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw C√mXm°n-bmWv CXv km[y-

am-°p-∂-Xv. `£-Ww, ]m¿∏n-Sw, IpSnsh≈w F∂n-h-sb√mw B¿`m-S-Øns‚

thZn-bm-bn-am-dp-∂p. D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ B]vX-hm-Iy-amb ""D]-tbm-Kn-°pI

hen-s®-dn-bpI'' F∂ \ne-bn-te°v AXv ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. a\pjy ico-c-sØ-

t]mepw AØ-c-Øn¬ t\m°n-Im-Wp-hm≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ hn[w ]c-ky-߃°v

cq]-am‰w kw -̀hn-°p-∂p. H´p-an° ]c-ky-ßfnepw kv{Xoi-cocw {]Z¿i\ hkvXp-

hm-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]pcp-j-k-am-\-amb kzXz-t_m-[-ap≈ kv{Xokzm-X--{¥y-Øns‚ Ime-

ØmWv CØcw hnI-e-amb ImgvN-Iƒ ]c-ky-ß-fn-eqsS hn\n-abw sNø-s∏-Sp-

164

So®¿ sSIvÃv

∂-Xv. kv{Xoi-co-c-Øns‚ XpS¿®Xs∂-bmbn DXv]-∂-ßsf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂

{]h-WX C∂vIm-Wp-∂p-≠v. CØcw ]c-ky-߃ kzoI-c-Whpw hna¿i-\hpw

Hcp-t]mse G‰p-hm-ßp-I-bmsW∂v teJ-I≥ \nco-£n-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v ^en-

Xmw-i-ap≈ ]c-ky-ßsf ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ teJ-I≥ DXv]-∂-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

Hm¿Ω \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ lm-ky-{]-[m-\-amb ]c-ky-߃°v km[n-°p-∂p-s≠∂v

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. D]-t`mKw F∂Xv \nhrØntISn¬\nt∂m k¶-S-ß-fn¬\nt∂m

D≠m-Ip∂ {]{Inb A√m-Øn-\m¬ \√ Hm¿Ωbv°v hm߬ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬

henb ]¶p-h-ln-°m\p≠v F∂ Hcp A\p-am-\-Øn-te°v teJ-Is‚ hmZw \sΩ

\bn-°p-∂p.

amdp∂ am[y-a-tem-IØv ]c-ky-߃ hy‡-amb ÿm\-ap-d-∏n-®p-I-gn-™p. s]mXp

CS-ß-fn¬ am{Xw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ ]c-ky-߃ C∂sØ hnh-c-hn-\n-a-b-tem-

IØv hy‡n-I-fp-ambn t\cn v́ kº¿°w ]pe¿Øp-∂p. \ne-hn-ep≈ ]cky-̀ m-

j-bn¬\n∂pw `n∂-amb ]c-ky-̀ m-jbv°v CXv XpS°w Ipdn-°p-∂p. Cßs\

]pXn-b-kw-th-Z-\-co-Xn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p∂ ]ckyw ]pXn-b-Xcw D]-t`m-‡m-°-

sfbpw krjvSn°pw ]ckyw sNøp∂ DXv]-∂-߃ Iºyq-́ ¿ kv{Io\n¬ \nc-

Øn-h®v sXc-s™-Sp∏v \S-Øp-∂-co-Xn-bmWv Ah-cp-sSX.v sh¿®z¬ IS-bn-eqsS

k©-cn®v km[-\-߃ I≠v kμ-iw hm߬ Xocp-am-\hpw ]W-an-S-]mSpw \S-

Øp∂ Xe-ap-d-bmWv C∂-tØ-Xv. CØcw Imcy-ß-ƒ°qSn ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ teJ-

I≥ D]-t`m-‡m-°ƒ D≈n-S-tØmfw Imew ]cky-߃ \ne-\nev°pw F∂

{]kvXm-h-\-tbmsS teJ\w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. am[y-a-ßsf∏‰n-bp≈ hna¿\m-

flI Ah-t_m[w krjvSn°pwhn[-amWv ]mT-̀ mKw hn\n-abw sNtø-≠-Xv. Bcw-

-̀Z-i-bn-ep≈ ae-bmf am[y-a-hn-a¿i-\-Øn\v hy‡-amb Znim-t_m[w krjvSn-

°p∂ kao-]-\-amWv ChnsS kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xv.

ItamUn‰n s^‰n-jnkw (Commodity Fetishism)

am{¥n-I-amb AZv̀ pX i‡n-bp-s≠∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hkvXp-

hns\ Ipdn-°p-∂-XmWv s^‰n-jv. hym]m-c-N-c-°p-I-fn¬ Cu i‡n

Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ {]h-W-X-bmWv Itam-Un‰n s^‰n-jn-kw. Cu

hkvXp-°ƒ Ah-bpsS X\-Xmb ssh`hw sIm≠p-X∂ \Ω-f-I-

s∏´ {]iv-\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hnj-a-X-I-fn¬ \n∂pw \sΩ c£-s∏-Sp-

Øn-s°m≈pw F∂ A‘-hn-izm-k-am-Wn-Xv. hkvXp-hn¬ I]Samb

Nne-aq-ey-߃ Btcm-]n-®p-sIm≠v a\x-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ]cn-h¿Ø\w

Xs∂ \S-Øp-∂p. Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ hkvXp-hn\v X\-Xmb aqeyw

Ds≠∂v P\-߃ hniz-kn®p XpS-ßp-∂p. Cßs\ t_m[-]q¿Δw

\S-Øp∂ amb-°m-gvN-bn¬ AI-s∏ v́ sX‰n-[-cn-°-s∏-́ Xv Adn-bmsX

hy‡n-Iƒ DXv]∂w hmßp-∂p. Itam-Un‰n s^‰n-jn-k-Øns‚

{][m\ khn-tj-j-X-bm-Wn-Xv.

165

am[ya]¿hw

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

Ip¶p-a-t m∏v

Cu Ihn-X- Ip´n-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNø-s´. Ihn-X-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥-

√m-amWv.

$ efn-X-amb BJym\w

$ Ae-¶m-c-ßtfm Na-b-ßtfm C√

$ Imcyw t\cn´p ]d-bp∂p

Cu Ihn-X-bpsS {]ta-b-sa-¥mWv? Ip´n-Iƒ N¿®-sN-ø-s´.

$ ]c-ky-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ hna¿i\w

$ ]c-ky-߃ P\-ßsf I_-fn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-ßs\ F∂v Xpd∂p Im´p∂p.

$ DXv]-∂-Øn\v C√mØ ta∑ Btcm-]n-°p∂p

$

(]c-ky-I-hn-I-tfmSv am∏v)

hmßp-hn≥, Ip¶p-a-t m∏p

hmßp-hn≥, kv{XoP-\-ßtf!

AXn≥ KpW-ßfo \n߲

fdn-bp-∂-h-c-√tbm?

At m-∏n≥ ]X tN¿∂p≈

sh≈-sam-s´m∂p X´n-bm¬

ImI≥ sIm‰n; Icn-°´

If-̀ -°´ Im¬£-Wm¬!

AXn≥ kpK‘w hym]n°p-̨

ab¬ hoSp-I-fn¬ZrVw;

hmk-¥{io ]pW¿∂p≈

]qt¥m-∏o-t m-t∏m-sSm-°ptam?

Agp°pw saøn-em¿∂p≈

sagp°pw t]m°p-hm≥ `qhn,

CXn-∑-́ n√ as‰m-∂p˛

anXp kΩ-X-am¿°p-ta.

\n{Z-bn-√m-bva-bpw, {]mXx

Ime-Øp-s≈mcp O¿±n-bpw,

A·n-am-μy-hp, tadp∂

Xe-t\mhpw Xf¿®bpw

]nØ-Kp-∑-\p, sa∂√

a‰p tcmK-ß-sfm-°-s°bpw

{Iam-e-I∂p \n∂oSpw

Ip¶p-a-t m∏p tXbv°p-In¬

hne-tbm, hf-sc-Øp—w:

I -́sbm-∂n∂p ap∂W;

s]´n-bn¬ tkm∏p aqs∂Æw

In´p-sa-́ W \evIn-bm¬

˛ kRvPb≥

166

So®¿ sSIvÃv

1937 ¬ kRvP-b≥ Fgp-Xnb Cu lmky IhnX C∂v F{X-tØmfw {]k-‡-

amWv?

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ tN¿Ø hmIy-ß-fpsS Bi-b-ßfpw Ihn-X-bpsS Bi-

b-ßfpw Ip´n-Iƒ N¿®-sN-ø-s´. Ihn-X-bn-sebpw teJ-\-Øn-sebpw Bi-b-

߃ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv ]c-ky-߃ A∂pw C∂pw F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬

{]_‘w Xbm-dm-°mw. (Itam-Un‰n s^‰n-jnkw F∂ Ipdn∏pw D]-tbm-K-s∏-

Sp-Ø-Ww)

\ham[ya-ß-fn¬ ]c-ky-߃ t\Sp∂ ta¬ssI-sb-°p-dn®v N¿®

kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw. N¿®-bn¬ Xmsg∏d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-

tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

$ ]c-ky-߃°-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kabw

$ ]c-ky-ß-fpsS BJym\ kz`mhw

$ ]c-ky-ß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ C\-߃

$ ]c-ky-ßsf BI¿j-I-am-°p∂ a‰p LS-I-߃

CjvS-s∏´ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ GsXms° ]c-ky-߃ F{X XhW

Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´. Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ

Ah Adn-bmsX a\- n¬ ]Xn-bp-I-bm-Wv.

$ ]e ]c-ky-ßfpw sNdnb IYm-Nn-{X-߃ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ip´n-Iƒ DZm-l-c-

W-߃ \evIs´.

{]i-kvX-cmb kn\n-am-Xm-c-ßfpw Imbn-I-Xm-c-ßfpw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xphgn

\m\m-Xp-d-I-fn-ep-ap≈ ImWn-Iƒ°p-ta¬ {]tXy-In®v bph-P-\-ß-fp-sS-ta¬

]c-ky-߃ B[n-]Xyw t\Sp-∂p. \mS≥I-e-Isf, IY-I-fn-t]m-ep≈ ¢mknIv

IeIsf, ]c-ky-°-cp-hm-°p-∂p. ssewKnI Nph-bp≈ ]c-ky-߃ Gdn hcp∂p.

N¿®-s°m-Sp-hn¬ "]c-ky-ß-fnse clkyw' F∂ hnj-bsØ A[n-I-cn®v Hcp

hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.

^en-X-c-k-{]-[m-\-ß-fmb ]c-ky-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Hm¿sØSp-°-s´. Cu

]c-ky-߃ {]nb-s∏-́ -Xm-Im-\p≈ Imc-W-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-hmw.

$ Ffp∏w ckn-°p-∂Xv

$ PohnXsØ D]-cn-π-h-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ AXn-i-tbm‡n Ie¿∂-Xv.

$ bmYm¿∞y-hp-ambn AIew kq£n-°p-∂-Xv.

167

am[ya]¿hw

]c-ky-߃ ^en-XsØ ]c-ky-h-kvXp-hns‚ {]Nm-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠n ka¿∞-

ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ch-bn¬ \n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn \√ kmaq-ly-

k-tμ-i-߃ ^en-X-c-k-{]-[m-\-ß-fmb ]c-ky-ß-fn-eq-sS hn\n-abw sNøm≥

Ip´n-Iƒ {ian-°-s´. DZm-l-c-W-ambn tdmUv kpc-£n-X-Xzw, ab-°p-a-cp-∂p-]-tbm-

K-Øns‚ Zpc-¥-^-e-߃, Du¿÷-Øns‚ Zpcp-]-tbmKw apX-emb kmaqly

hnj-b-߃ ck-{]-Z-ß-fmbn ]c-ky-ß-fm°n am‰m≥ \n¿t±-in-°mw.

(\mev Bdv {]h¿Ø\߃ Htc-am-\-ap-≈-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬ Hcp-an®v

kwL-Sn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.)

Zriy am[y-a-ß-fn¬ kv{XoIƒ°v e`n-°p∂ {]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-dn®v A`n-

{]mbw ]d-b-s´. kv{Xo am[y-a-tem-IØv Fhn-sS-sbms° {]Xy-£-s∏-

Sp-∂-Xv.

$ Ah-Xm-c-I-cmbn

$ kocn-b¬ IYm-]m-{X-ß-fmbn

$ kn\n-a-bn¬

$ ]c-ky-ß-fn¬

kv{XoIƒ°v Zriy-am-[y-a-tem-IØv [mcmfw Ah-k-c-߃ ssIh-cp-∂Xv Fß-

s\-bmWv hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠Xv?

kmaq-ly-t_m-[ap≈ ]pXp-Nn¥ ]pe¿Øp∂ kv{Xok-aq-lsØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-

sb-Sp-°m≥ Zriy am[y-a-߃°v Ign-™n-´p-≠v. am[ya {]h¿Ø-I-cm-Ip∂

kv{XoIƒ kv{Xo kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ ]pXp-ap-J-߃ ImgvN hbv°p-∂p. ]t£

kn\n-a-I-fnepw kocn-b-ep-I-fnepw ]c-ky-ß-fnepw kv{Xo Fß-s\-bm-Wp-]-tbm-

Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?

$ kn\n-a-I-fnepw kocn-b-ep-I-fnepw hy‡n-Xz-a‰ ]mh-I-fm-bmWv an°-hmdpw

kv{XoI-Ym-]m-{X-߃ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

$ ]c-ky-ß-fn-em-Is´ kv{XoI-fpsS icoc kuμ-cy-{]-Z¿i-\-amWv {][m-\-ambn

\S-°p-∂-Xv.

$ ssewKnI Nph-bp≈ ]c-ky-ß-fn¬ kv{XoIƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ ]pcp-js‚ D]-t`m-K-h-kvXp-hmWv kv{Xosb∂ Nn¥-bmWv ]c-ky-ß-fn¬

{]k-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

Zriy-am-[ya temIsØ kv{XoI-fpsS {]mXn-\n[yw IqSp-∂Xv KpW-]-c-amb

Hcp apt∂-‰-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°mw. ]t£ ]c-ky-ß-fn¬ kv{Xo hn]Wn

Xm¬]cy߃°v hnt[-b-ambn NqjWw sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

168

So®¿ sSIvÃv

]c-ky-߃ hm¿Øm-ÿew Ih-cp-∂pthm

hnI-knX kaq-l-ß-fn¬ C∂v A®Sn am[y-a-ß-fpsS AkvX-ab

Ime-amWv. ]cky hcp-am-\-Øn¬ h∂ CSn-hmWv CXn-\p--Im-c-Ww.

]{X-ß-fn¬ \nd™p Ihn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ ]c-ky-ß-sf-°p-dn®v

hna¿in-°p∂ ]ecpw Hm¿°msX t]mIp∂ Hcp Imcy-ap-≠v. ]{X-

Øns‚ apJ-hne km[m-c-W-°m-c\v {]m]y-amb \ne-bn¬ \n¿Øm≥

klm-bn-°p-∂Xv ]c-ky-ß-fm-Wv. GI-tZiw ]Øv cq] Dev]m-Z-\-

sN-ehv hcp∂ Hcp {]kn-≤o-I-c-WsØ aq∂c cq]bv°v hmb-\-

°m¿°v e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v {]km-[-Isc klm-bn-°p-∂Xv ]c-ky-

ß-fm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ahn-Sw-sIm≠pw {]km-[I-cpsS emt`— Ah-

km-\n-°p-∂n√ F∂p hcp-∂n-S-ØmWv ]c-ky-߃ hm¿Øm-ÿew

Ih-cp∂p F∂ ]cmXn Db-cp-∂Xv.

* * *

]c-ky-߃ F√m-Im-e-Øpw ]d-bm≥ {ian-®n-́ p-≈Xpw ]d-bm≥ CS-

bp-≈Xpw Htc-Im-cy-am-Wv. GsX-¶n-ep-samcp DXv]-∂tam tkh-\tam

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ h¿≤n°p∂ kuμ-cy-Øn-s‚bpw i‡n-

bpsSbpw kml-kn-I-X-bp-sSbpw Io¿Øn-bp-sSbpw hy‡-amb kqN-

\-Iƒ \evIp∂ ktμi`mj-bm-W-Xv. ]pØ≥ DXv]-∂-ß-fpsS hn]-

Wn-bn-te°p≈ hc-hns\°pdn-®p≈ Adn-bn∏pw an\p°v ]Wn-I-fn-

eqsS cq]-]-cn-Wmaw hcpØn aS-ßn-h-cp∂ DXv]-∂-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

hmKvZm-\ß-fpamWv Ah-bpsS D≈-S-°w. DXv]∂ _mlpeyw ÿnc-

kz-`m-h-amb Itºm-f-Øn¬ XßfpsS DXv]-∂sØ thdn´v

\n¿Øm\pw ]c-ky-amb HcnSw Dd-∏n-°m-\pamWv ]c-ky-߃

Ft∏mgpw {ian-°p-∂-Xv. CXn-\mbn ]c-ky-\n¿Ωm-Xm-°ƒ kzoI-cn-

°p∂ X{¥w DXv]-∂-Øns‚ t]cn¬Øs∂ Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂p.

- ˛ Kuco-Zm-k≥ \mb¿

169

am[ya]¿hw

sh_vssk‰v

]mTm-]-{K-Y\w

Hcp hnim-e-amb temIsØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv C∂v kmlnXyw. ssk_¿

CS-am-W-Xv. {]Xo-Xn-bm-Ym¿∞y-Øns‚ A¥-co£w IqSn-bm-W-Xv. ae-bm-f-Øn¬

AØ-c-samcp kmln-Xy-kw-kvImcw kPo-h-am-bn-\n-e-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv sNdp-I-Y-bn-

emWv. b{¥hpw a\p-jy-tN-X-\bpw A`n-ap-J-ambn \nev°p∂ hnh-c-hn-\n-a-bm-

¥-co£w kmln-Xy-̀ m-h-\-bpsS Dd-hn-S-am-bn v́ A[n-I-Im-e-am-bn-́ n-√. an° kmln-

Xy-ta-J-e-I-fnepw ssk_¿ kmlnXyw `mh-\--bpsS \ho-\- hm-Xm-b-\-ß-fmbn

amdp-∂p. DØ-cm-[p-\nI Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-bpsS `mK-amb hnh-c-km-t¶-XnI hnZy-

bpsS ]›mØe-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ ]pXnb Fgp-Øns\ ssk_¿km-lnXyw

F∂p hnfn-°mw. weblokam.com {]kn-≤oI-cn® G‰p-am-\q¿ inh-Ip-am-dns‚

"tZh-Zpμp`n' F∂ P\-{]nb am{¥nI t\mh-emWv C‚¿s\-‰n¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn®

BZy-t\m-h¬. CØcw hnh-c-߃ \evIn-b-tijw ssk_¿ kmln-Xyhpw \h-

am-[y-a-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏ v́ ¢m vXe N¿®-Iƒ Bap-J-ambn kwLSn-∏n-°p-

∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw. N¿®-bn¬ hnh-c-hn-\n-ab kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Isf khn-

kvXcw {]Xn-]m-Zn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. XpS¿∂v C. sabn-en-eqsS hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂ BJym-

\-ssi-en-bn-ep≈ IYsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ka-ImenI temI-Ønse Zim-k-‘n-I-sfbpw {]Xn-k-‘n-I-sf-bpw ssIø-S-°-

tØmsS `{Z-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ IY-I-fmWv N{μa-Xn-bp-sSXv. ]mc-º-cy-

Øns‚ XpS¿®bpw \ho-\-amb ]co-£-tWm-∑p-J-Xbpw Ah-cpsS IY-I-fn¬

{]Xn-̂ -en-°p-∂p. {]ta-b-ß-fn¬ ]pe¿Øp∂ hyXy-kvX-Xbpw efn-Xhpw A\\p-

I-c-Wo-b-hp-amb BJym-\-ssi-en-bp-amWv N{μ-a-Xn-bpsS IY-Isf {it≤-b-am-

°p-∂-Xv. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp IY-bmWv N{μ-a-Xn-bpsS IY-Iƒ F∂ kam-

lm-c-Ønse sh_vssk-‰v.

]c-ky-ß-fpsS s]m≈-Ø-c-ßfpw Ah Nq≠-s°m-fp-Øp-I-fp-am-Ip-∂-sX-ß-s\-

sb∂v [z\n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv sh_vssk‰v Bcw-̀ n-°p-∂-Xv. {]mcw-̀ -hm-Iyw-t]mse

Hcp ]c-ky-Øn¬Xp-Sßn IY Hcp \Sp-°-Øn-e-h-km-\n-°p-∂p. bph-Xn-I-fpsS

ip≤ku-lrZw Imwjn®v ]{X-∏-ckyw \evIn ImØn-cn-°p∂ kpμ-c\pw Ahn-

hm-ln-X\pw _ncp-Zm-\-¥-c-_n-cp-Z-[m-cnbpw GIm-In-bp-amb 39 hb- p-Im-c≥

hnt\m-ZvIr-jvW-bmWv IYm-\m-b-I≥. bmYm-kvXn-I-Xz-Øn¬ thcp-I-fmgvØn

F∂m¬ AkvXn-Xz-ap-d-∏n-°m≥ hn´p-ho-gvN-Iƒ°v Xbm-dm-Ip∂ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n

Akn-Âmb kvanX-bmWv IYm-\m-bn-I. GIm-¥-X, ip≤-ku-lrZw F∂o

170

So®¿ sSIvÃv

hm°p-I-fmWv ]c-ky-Øn-te°v Ahsf ASp-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. B[p-\nI Ime-L-́ -

Ønse GIm-¥-X-bmWv ip≤-ku-lrZw F∂ kz]v\w km£m-XvI-cn-°p-∂-

Xn\v IsØ-gp-Xm≥ Ahsf t{]cn-∏n-®-Xv.

\mep-Zn-h-k-Øn-\p-tijw e`n-°p∂ Abm-fpsS adp-]Sn Ahsf {]tIm-]n-∏n-

°p-∂p. IjvSn®v SSLC IS-∂p-IqSn Iºyq-´¿ Iot_m¿Uv am{Xw hg-ßp∂

hnt\m-ZvIrjvW tImSo-iz-c-\mb Hcp kpJ-tem-ep-]-\mWv F∂ Nn¥-bmWv Ah-

fn¬ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xv. "H‰ Pohn-X-ta-bp≈q AXv Bkz-Zn®p Xo¿°Ww' "Zcn-{Z-

\m-cm-b-W∑m-cpsS \mSp-X-s∂-bm-Wt√m', "At\Iw C ˛ sabn¬ hnem-k-߃'

F∂o {]tbm-K-߃ CØ-c-Øn¬ {it≤-b-ß-fm-Wv. "Al-¶mcn' F∂ {]tbmKw

Ahsf hnd-fn-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. BZy-a-dp-]-Sn-tbmsS c≠p-t]cpw Ccp-{[p-h-ß-fn-te°-

I-ep-∂p. Abm-tfm-Sp≈ shdp∏pw {]Xn-tj[-hpw- sIm-≠mWv Abm-fpsS C ˛

sabn¬ hnem-k-߃ Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v Ahƒ "H®v' X]m-en-se-gp-Xp-∂-Xv.

B IØn¬ \n∂v kvanX-bpsS hy‡n-Xz-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ t]mcm-́ -hpw, kulr-

Z-߃°v Ahƒ Iev]n-°p∂ aqeyhpw, Ah-fpsS Nn¥-Ifpw \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw

a\-kn-em-°mw. ico-c-an-√mØ, i_vZ-an-√mØ, hnIm-c-ln-X-amb, hm°p-Iƒam{X-

ambn _‘-ßfpw kulr-Z-ßfpw Npcp-ßp∂ ssk_¿tem-IØv Ah-fpsS

Bflm-`n-am\w F{X-tØmfw {hW-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb∂v XpS¿∂p≈ Ah-fpsS

sNbvXn-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ""IØp∂ XobpsS at\m-`m-h-am-bn-cp∂p

Ahƒ°v'' F∂v Imhy-fl-I-ambn IYm-Imcn AXv Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

ASpØ C ˛ sabnen¬ `qXm-th-in-X-sb∂pw {Iqc-\mb kmUn-sÃ∂pw hnti-

jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ahƒ Hcp ho£-W-Ønepw s]mcp-Ø-an-√mØ kulrZw

Ah-km-\n-∏n-®p-sIm≠v hnt\m-ZvIr-jvWbv°v adp-]-Sn-sb-gp-Xn. apdn-hp-W-°m≥

Xnc-°p-Iƒ kzbw kzoI-cn-®p. At∏m-gmWv kvanX-bpsS au\w X∂n-te°v Xd-

™p-I-b-dp∂p F∂ adp-]-Sn-bp-ambn Abm-fpsS IØphcp-∂-Xv. Abm-tfm-sSmcp

kulr-Zhpw ]pe¿Øp-I-bn-s√∂ ZrV-\n-›-bsØ ad-∂p-sIm≠v Ahƒ

AbmfpsS sh_vssk‰v kμ¿in-®p.

Chn-sS-bmWv IY ]pXn-sbmcp Xe-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂Xv. Abm-fpsS kpJ-

tem-ep-]X Abmƒsh-́ n-∏n-Sn-®-Xm-sW∂pw AXv ss]Xr-I-a-s√-∂p-ap≈ Xncn-®-

dnhv B `qXm-thinXbv°v h√m-sØmcSp∏w hnt\m-Zn-t\m-Sp-≠m-°n. ""{_bn-\p-

≠v, kΩ-Xn®p ]t£ lrZ-btam? AXp-IqSn th≠ Xs‚ kzcw arZp-e-am-Ip-∂-

Xn¬ kvanX AXn-i-bn®p. F∂ hmIysØ XpS¿∂p≈ `mKw GXv _u≤nI

Hu∂y-Øns‚ temIØv Pohn-°p-tºmgpw a\p-jy\v ASn-ÿm\ tNmZ-\-I-fn¬

\n∂v AI-∂p-\n¬°m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂ bYm¿∞y-amWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xv

sh_vssk-‰nse hnt\m-ZvIr-jvW-bpsS t^mt´m-bnse IÆp-I-fnse th -́°m-

cs‚ t\m -́Øn\v XS-bn-Sm≥ Ign-bmsX hnc¬ kt¶m-N-tØmsS ]n≥h-en-°p∂

171

am[ya]¿hw

kvanX CXv icn-h-bv°p∂p B¬_-Øn¬ \n∂v Uu¨temUv sNbvXp-h∂

Nn{X-Øn-eqsS Ac-bv°p-Xmsg Xf¿∂-h-\mWv hnt\m-ZvIrjvW F∂ Xncn-®-

dnhv Ah-fnse F√m [mc-W-I-sfbpw XIn-Sw-a-dn-°p-∂p. Ah-fpsS ]nSn-hm-in-

Ifpw, \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw, {]Xn-tcm-[hpw XI¿∂p-ho-gp-∂p. sh_vssk-‰ns‚ he-

°-Æn-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øp-NmSn c£-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bmØ kvanXsb IYm-Imcn

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ, "sh_vssk‰v' hnt\m-Zns‚ Nn{Xw ambv°m≥ Ign-bmsX

Dg-ep∂ kvanX-bpsS a\-s ∂ _nw_-ambn ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøp-∂p.

"hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Ønse Ipg-™p-a-dn-b-ep-Iƒ' BWv IY-bpsS {]ta-bw. AkvXnXz

kwc-£-W-Øn-\m-bp≈ t]mcm´w bm{¥n-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw ASn-ÿm-\-Ima-\-I-

fn¬ \n∂v tamN\w t\Sm≥ Ign-bmØ a\p-jy≥, kv{Xo kzmX{¥yw, C‚¿s\‰n-

eq-sS-bp≈ kv{Xo]p-cp-j-_‘w F∂o Xe-ß-fnepw "sh_vssk‰ns\' N¿®-

sN-ømw.

ka-Im-enI temIw \h-am-[y-ß-fpsSbpw AXv krjvSn-°p∂ hnIm-c-c-ln-X-amb

\ni-_vZ-_‘ß-fp-sSbpw he-I-Æn-Iƒ°p-≈nemWv Cu ssk_¿ CS-Øn¬

AkvXnXzw \ne-\n¿Øm\pw F∂m¬ Ime-Øn-s\m∏w HmSn-sb-Øm-\p-≈

a\pjys‚ X{X-∏mSv Cu IY-bn-ep-≠v. bm{¥n-I-tem-I-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-sºmgpw

a\p-jy\v a\pjytcmSv kwh-Zn-°msX Ign-bn-s√∂ bmYm¿∞yhpw Cu IY

]I¿∂p \evIp-∂p.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

sh_vssk‰v F∂ io¿j-I-Øns‚ khn-ti-jX Ip´n -Iƒ

hniZoIcn°s´.

$ hm°v ae--bm-f-a√

$ ]pXn-sbmcp temI-io-e-Øns‚ {]XoIw

IY ]d-®n-en¬ BJym-\-Øn¬ IYmImcn-hcpØnbn-́ p≈ ]pXp-a-Iƒ Ip´n-

Iƒ N¿®-sN-øs´.

$ IY-bpsS BZy-hm-Iy-Øn¬Xs∂ IYm-K-Xn-bpsS kw{K-lw-h-cp∂p.

$ "sh_vssk‰n'¬ ]c-ky-ßfpw Fkv. Fw. Fkp-Ifpw IY-bpsS {][m-\-

`m-K-ß-fm-Wv.

$ ]ebn-S-ß-fnepw IY-sb∂Xnep-]cn Hc-\p-̀ -h-hn-h-c-W-Øns‚ Omb-bm-Wp-

≈-Xv.

172

So®¿ sSIvÃv

$ IYm-¥y-Øn¬ Hcp ]cn-Wm-a-Kp]vXn D≠v.

$ ]pXn-sbmcp `mj cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ Fgp-Øp-Imcn {ian-°p-∂p.

$ B[p-\nI kmt¶-XnI kwPvRIƒ, A°-an v́ hkvXp-X-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p∂

coXn.

Ch-sbms° ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ysb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]pXp-a-bp≈ BJym\

hgn-I-fmWv.

ap≥¢m-kn¬ ]Tn® Hcp ]gb Xe-apd IY-bp-ambn kmZr-iy-s∏-SpØn sh_vssk‰v

F∂ IY-bpsS BJym-\-Ønse ]pXp-a-I-sf-°p-dn®v Hcp D]\ymkw Xbm-dm-

°s´ (DZm:˛ Imcq-cns‚ tamXn-cw)

kvanX F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂v

Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-{]mbw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

$ Xt‚Sw

$ GIm-¥X A\p-̀ -hn-°p-∂-hƒ

$ kulr-Z-Øns‚ ]n≥Xp-W-bm-{K-ln--°p-∂-hƒ

$ Zcn-{Z-Po-hn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Aev]w Bfl-\nμ D≠v

$ Bflm-̀ n-am-\-ap-≈-hƒ

hnt\m-ZvIrjvW F∂ IYm-]m-{X-tØmSv kvanXbv°v tXm∂p∂ sshIm-cnI

_‘-Øns‚ am\-߃ Fs¥ms° F∂ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ kplr-Zv_‘w

$ Al-¥- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n√

$ hn´p-t]m-cm≥ ]‰p-∂n-√.

$ {]W-b-kv]¿iw

IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS _‘-k-¶o¿Æ-X-I-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬

tN¿Ø hmIyw Ip´n-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´.

hnt\mZvIrjvW-bpsS Zpc-¥-ap-≠m-°nb \Sp-°w.

$ Xt∂-°mƒ GIm-In-bmWv hnt\m-ZvIrjvW F∂ Xncn-®-dnhv

$ kmt¶-XnI hnImkw kzmX-{¥y-Øn-t‚-X√ _‘-\-Øns‚ km[y-X-I-fmWv

krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂ Bi-¶.

$ F√m hf¿®-Iƒ°p-a-∏pdw PohnXw Zpc-¥-ap-\-ºn-em-sW∂ `oXn.

Ch-sbms° N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-S-s´. AXn-\p-tijw kvanX F∂ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚

\ne-]m-Sp-I-tfm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øs´.

173

am[ya]¿hw

Ip´n-Iƒ°v ap≥ ]cn-N-b-ap≈ GsX¶nepw IY-I-fpsS Bcw-̀ -hmIyw

Ah-cpsS {i≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cmw. IY-tbmSv hmIy-Øn-\p≈ _‘w

hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s∏-S-s´.

Bcw-̀ -hm-Iy-ß-fpsS kz`mhw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ GsX-¶nepw H∂m-hmw.

$ IYm-]m-{XsØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ج

$ ]cn-kc h¿Æ\

$ IYm-Ir-Øns‚ \nco-£Ww

$ kμ¿` hni-Zo-I-cWw

$

sh_vssk‰v F∂ IY-bpsS Bcw-̀ -̀ mKw Ch-bn¬\ns∂ms° Fßs\ hyXym-

k-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p.

$ ]pXp-a-bp≈ {lkz-hm-Iy-߃

$ IY-bpsS kw{Klw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.

$ IYm-K-Xn-bpsS hnImkw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ km[m-cW IYm-IrØv ap≥Iq´n shfn-s∏-Sp-ØmØ ]cn-Wm-a-Kp-]vXn-sb-

°p-dn-®p-t]mepw kqN-\-X-cp-∂p.

F¥p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mw Cß-s\-sbmcp hmIy-Øn¬ IY-bm-cw-̀ n-®Xv?

$ B[p-\nI temI-Øns‚ CjvS-hn-̀ -h-amb ]c-ky-hm-Iy-ß-fpsS Omb-bp≠v.

$ IYbv°v IuXp-I-I-c-amb Hcp XpS-°-am-Ip-∂p.

$ kmt¶-XnI temI-tØbpw a\p-jy-̀ m-h-ß-tfbpw Hcp-an-∏n-°p∂ IY-sb∂

kqN-\.

$ F√m Pohn-X-ßfpw Nne \Sp-°-ß-fn-te°v \oßp-I-bm-sW∂ IYm-Im-cn-

bpsS Z¿i-\w.

ssk_¿ temIsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ Fs¥ms° kw⁄-Ifpw Bi-

b-ß-fp-amWv IY-bn¬ \n∂p Is≠-Øm-\m-hp-I. ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

$ sh_vssk‰v

$ C ˛ sabn¬ ktμiw

$ k¿^nßv

$ Cu ˛ sabn¬ sFUn

174

So®¿ sSIvÃv

At´ \ntbm-P-I-Øn¶¬

AW-sa∂p hn[m-btI

Ba-\p-⁄m-b-I-Øn∂p

{]Xybw `mhn cq]Pw

$ Nm‰vdqw

IY-bpsS BJym-\-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-sIm≠pw ̀ mj-sIm≠pw ssk_¿ temI-

Øns‚ A¥-co£w IY-bn¬ \nd-bp-∂p-≠v. CXn-\-∏pdw IYm-]m-{X-ß-fpsS am\-

knI temI-sØ-°p-dn®v Fs¥m-s°-bmWv IY \ap°v ]d-™p-X-cp-∂-Xv.

$ a\p-jys‚ GIm-¥X

$ a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn _‘w ÿm]n-°m-\p≈ B{Klw

$ {]W-b-kv]¿i-ap≈ kv{Xo]p-cpj _‘w

$ ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ CjvSm-\n-jvS-߃

$ ASp-°p-tºmƒ AI-em\pw AI-ep-tºmƒ ASp-°m-\p-ap≈ tXm∂¬

$ Zpc-¥-Øn\p ap∂n-ep≈ H‰-s∏-S¬

A]-{K-Y-\-߃°p-tijw Imehpw temIhpw amdp-tºmgpw a\p-jy-_-‘-߃

AXns‚ sshNn-{Xy-tØmsS \ne-\n¬°p∂p F∂ t_m[y-amWv Ip´n-Iƒ°v

e`n-t°-≠-Xv. kmlnXyw ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂Xv CØcw hnNn{X-amb a\p-jy-Po-hnX

_‘-ß-tfbpw am\-kn-I-tem-I-sØ-bp-am-sW∂ ASnÿm\ XØzw hni-Zo-I-

cn-®p-sIm≠v Hcp Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xs´

\mep-hm-Iy-߃ kq£v-am¿∞-Øn¬ Fßs\ hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh∂v

Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ ]d-bs´ F∂n-SØv Hcp Xocp-am-\-ap-≠v.

$ ]d-bmw F∂m-hp-tºmƒ thW-sa-¶n-emImw

F∂ Ab-hm-Wp-≈-Xv.

$ ]d-bWw F∂m-hp-tºmƒ AXv \n¿_-‘-

am-Ip-∂p.

$ Ahƒ ]d™p F∂-Xm-hs´ A[nI

hymJym-\-߃s°m∂pw hI-bn-√mØ shdpw {]kvXm-h-\-bm-Wv.

[mXp-hns‚ IqsS Nne {]tbm-K-߃ tNcp-tºmƒ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn\v

]e-Zn-i-I-fn-te°pw hnIm-k-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p. CXv ̀ mj-bpsS k¿§m-fl-I-Xbv°v sXfn-

hm-Wv. ]T\ {]h¿Øn-\n-S-bn¬ {]Im-c-Øns‚ hI-t -̀Z--ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kmt¶-

XnI [mc-W-Iƒ Ip´n-I-fn-se-Øn-°mw.