learning goal 1.) describe the time period known as the enlightenment and explain the contributions...
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Learning Goal 1.)
Describe the time period known as the Enlightenment and explain the
contributions of: Thomas Paine,
John Locke,Baron Charles von Montesquieu,
and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Learning Goal 1.)
Describe the time period known as the Enlightenment and explain the
contributions of: Thomas Paine,
John Locke,Baron Charles von Montesquieu,
and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Learning Goal 2.)
Describe the movement known as the Great Enlightenment and give
examples of its impact in the colonies
Learning Goal 2.)
Describe the movement known as the Great Enlightenment and give
examples of its impact in the colonies
Learning Goal 3.)
Distinguish how the Englightenment and the Great
Awakening are different, but how they each influenced the
colonists.
Learning Goal 3.)
Distinguish how the Englightenment and the Great
Awakening are different, but how they each influenced the
colonists.
An intellectual movement which began in England in the 17th century.
An intellectual movement which began in England in the 17th century.
Its purpose was to reform society using reason and the scientific method.
Its purpose was to reform society using reason and the scientific method.
It promoted scientific thought and skepticism. It opposed superstition and intolerance, with the Catholic church a favorite target.
It promoted scientific thought and skepticism. It opposed superstition and intolerance, with the Catholic church a favorite target.
The Enlightenment emphasizes reason and science as the path to knowledge
The Enlightenment emphasizes reason and science as the path to knowledge
Enlightenment thinkers stressed observation or empiricism as the means to understanding the world
Enlightenment thinkers stressed observation or empiricism as the means to understanding the world
The Enlightenment was a time when thinkers applied natural laws to the sciences and to societies.
The Enlightenment was a time when thinkers applied natural laws to the sciences and to societies.
Enlightenment ideas about natural rights and government influenced leaders in Europe and the colonies
Enlightenment ideas about natural rights and government influenced leaders in Europe and the colonies
Movement beginning in Europe Knowledge, reason,
& science could improve society
Schools of higher learning open across America
Best known American scientist
ScienceScience
•Isaac Newton–Father of modern science–Discovers gravity
•Isaac Newton–Father of modern science–Discovers gravity
•Renee’ Descartes–“I think, therefore I am”–Thought proves existance
•Renee’ Descartes–“I think, therefore I am”–Thought proves existance
SocietySociety
Thomas Hobbes
–Humans are naturally selfish
Thomas Hobbes
–Humans are naturally selfish
– Absolute government (with strong monarch) is the only way to keep man “in check.”
SocietySociety
John Locke–Humans are naturally kind
John Locke–Humans are naturally kind
– Man has inalienable rights that cannot be taken away: LIFE, LIBERTY, and PROPERTY
–The Social Contract Theory: –You and Government have an unwritten contract.–You agree to let them rule as long as Government protects your inalienable rights.
– If they don’t – you have the right to choose a new government.
SocietySociety
SocietySociety
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
–- True liberty happens when government can keep watch over itself.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
–- True liberty happens when government can keep watch over itself.
–Argued that government must have free and independent body to argue for the people (Parliament in England; Congress in the United States)
–Early form of checks and balances
*
•Examine the ideas of these four men.
• Take 5 minutes and list at least 3 ways the Enlightenment movement argued against an absolute monarchy.
Will the real John Locke, PLEASE STAND UP?!!!
The Enlightenment influenced the colonists
The Enlightenment influenced the colonists
The Great Awakening also The Great Awakening also influenced the colonists…influenced the colonists…The Great Awakening also The Great Awakening also influenced the colonists…influenced the colonists…
In the Early 1700s, many colonists lost the religious passion that had driven Pilgrims, Puritans, and others to seek out a new life in America
In the Early 1700s, many colonists lost the religious passion that had driven Pilgrims, Puritans, and others to seek out a new life in America
In the 1730s-1740, a religious revival began to sweep through the colonies, led by traveling ministers
In the 1730s-1740, a religious revival began to sweep through the colonies, led by traveling ministers
The Great Awakening began in the New England Colonies and spread through the rest of Colonial America.
The Great Awakening began in the New England Colonies and spread through the rest of Colonial America.
This movement was lead by traveling ministers
This movement was lead by traveling ministers
Sermons appealed to the heart and drew large crowds
Sermons appealed to the heart and drew large crowds
*
What was the Great Awakening’s Message?
1.) Salvation by faith and prayer, not rituals or good works.
1.) Salvation by faith and prayer, not rituals or good works.
2.) The individual, not any religious authority, judged his or her own behavior based on one's understanding of God. No priest, pastor, pope, or king!
2.) The individual, not any religious authority, judged his or her own behavior based on one's understanding of God. No priest, pastor, pope, or king!
5.) Accepting: unlike Puritans who banished all who weren’t Puritan, the movement taught acceptance.
5.) Accepting: unlike Puritans who banished all who weren’t Puritan, the movement taught acceptance.
4.) Revivals (crowds of 1000’s, weeping, wailing)4.) Revivals (crowds of 1000’s, weeping, wailing)
3.) Because the individual was in control of their salvation, individual experiences with God were important and often shared at services.
3.) Because the individual was in control of their salvation, individual experiences with God were important and often shared at services.
George Whitefield
Jonathan Edwards
Because of the accepting nature of the movement, people felt
free to choose their own religious affiliation.
Because of the accepting nature of the movement, people felt
free to choose their own religious affiliation.
Decline of “Old Light” groups such as the Puritans, Quakers, and Anglicans.
Decline of “Old Light” groups such as the Puritans, Quakers, and Anglicans.
Rise of “New Light” of Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodists, all revival groups of the period. (American Protestantism)
Rise of “New Light” of Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodists, all revival groups of the period. (American Protestantism)
Religious diversity by
1775
Religious diversity by
1775The emphasis on individual experiences weakend the
role of Puritan
ministers in the
Northeast, which also led to more
reilgious diversity.
The emphasis on individual experiences weakend the
role of Puritan
ministers in the
Northeast, which also led to more
reilgious diversity.
New colleges were founded to educate their preachers and their followers.
New colleges were founded to educate their preachers and their followers.
These include Princeton, Brown, Dartmouth, and Columbia Universities.
These include Princeton, Brown, Dartmouth, and Columbia Universities.
New colleges founded after the
Great Awakening
New colleges founded after the
Great Awakening
Religious toleration - the new protestant movements were very willing to work together.
Religious toleration - the new protestant movements were very willing to work together.
Acceptance: People became more tolerant, not seeing each other as members of a particular religious group, but as Americans.
Acceptance: People became more tolerant, not seeing each other as members of a particular religious group, but as Americans.
The 13 colonies were much more united now than they had ever before…
The 13 colonies were much more united now than they had ever before…
Through the Awakening, the Colonists realized that religious power resided in their own hands, rather than in the hands of the Church of
England, or any other religious authority.
Through the Awakening, the Colonists realized that religious power resided in their own hands, rather than in the hands of the Church of
England, or any other religious authority.
After a generation or two passed with this kind of mindset, the Colonists came to realize that political power resided in their own hands as
well, not in the hands of a monarch.
After a generation or two passed with this kind of mindset, the Colonists came to realize that political power resided in their own hands as
well, not in the hands of a monarch.
Similarities and differences between the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening
The Englightenment
The Englightenment The Great
AwakeningThe Great Awakening
Political / scientific
movement
Political / scientific
movementReligious
movement
Religious movement
Sought to use scientific methods to explain natural world as something beyond
an act of “God.”
Sought to use scientific methods to explain natural world as something beyond
an act of “God.”
Saw Puritan way of life in decay and sought to return
people to religious life.
Saw Puritan way of life in decay and sought to return
people to religious life.
Supported Reason
Supported Reason
Supported Emotionalism and Religious
Faith
Supported Emotionalism and Religious
Faith
Both caused people to question traditional authority and practice
Both highlighted importance of individual over higher authority (king or church)
Both caused people to question traditional authority and practice
Both highlighted importance of individual over higher authority (king or church)
The King(Head of Gov’t)
(Head of Church)
The EnlightenmentThe Great Awakening
So…how do these influence the colonists?So…how do these influence the colonists?