learning targets - southsidepsych.com · instincts, incentives, intrinsic versus extrinsic...
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Learning Targets● To identify and apply basic motivational concepts to
understand the behavior of humans and other animals (e.g., instincts, incentives, intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation).
● To discuss the biological underpinnings of motivation, including needs, drives, and homeostasis.
● To compare and contrast motivational theories (e.g., drive reduction theory, arousal theory, general adaptation theory), including the strengths and weaknesses of each.
What motivates you?
goo.gl/m4gBps
*1-2 words what motivates you*you can take a selfie
Introduction to MotivationMotivation includes the influences that account for the initiation, direction, intensity & persistence of behavior
Goal-directed behavior
why we do what we do
Instinct Theory
•An instinct is a behavior that is patterned throughout a species and is UNLEARNED.
•We are animals and we have instinctual behaviors.
Drive-Reduction Theoryphysiological (need) creates a psychological aroused state (drive) .... this is a push...
● motivates us to reduce or satisfy needs● achieve internal homeostasis (internal balance)
Incentives
A PULL
Positive or Negative stimulus that motivates behavior
*** Learned behaviors
Optimum Arousal: Arousal Theory Human motivation does not want to eliminate arousal (alertness), but seeks optimum levels of arousal
Yerkes-Dodson Law: we perform at our best when we are only moderately aroused
Bored=increase arousal
Stressed=decrease arousal
When Motives Conflict
● approach-approach- choose between two desirable outcomes. You can only do one.
● avoidance-avoidance- choose between two unattractive outcomes.
● approach-avoidance- one event/goal has attractive and unattractive features
● multiple approach-avoidance conflicts-choose between two or more things, each having desirable and undesirable features
Types of motivation
● achievement motivation- our desire to master complex tasks and knowledge and to reach personal goals
● intrinsic motivation- enjoyment or satisfaction comes from within
● extrinsic motivation- the rewards you get from the outside