lesson e3- oxford oregon

8/3/2019 Lesson E3- Oxford Oregon

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What is your burden?

What are the roles of the teams in adebate?

What are the obligations of the teams?

On whose shoulders fall the burden ofproof?

What is meant by presumptions and whatis their nature?


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The Burden of Proof

It is the duty or obligation of the affirmativeside or the one making the assertion toprove what he asserts through the

presentation of evidence, proofs, andarguments.


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Purposes of the Burden of Proof

To buttress the case

To prove, beyond the shadow of doubt,what is termed as a prima facie case(sufficient strength or strong foundation).

To win without being refuted or deniedsubstantially.


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The Burden of Rebuttal

This refers to the duty of the opposing sideor the negative side to present evidences,proofs, and arguments.

The purpose is to overthrow thearguments advanced or forwarded by theaffirmative side.

This may shift from the negative to thepositive side.


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The Nature of Presumptions

This refers to the logical inferences of thetruth or falsity of statements consideredduring disputes.


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Two types of presumptions

Presumptions of facts- consists in simpleinferences that are drawn from Logic.

Presumptions of law- derived from therules of the land. They have the effect ofbeing binding in human conduct.


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The Theory of Issues

This is the differences of opinions,assertions made by the affirmative or thesponsoring side and the denial made by

the negative or the opposing side- arewhat we generally label as issues.


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How does one team win in adebate through issues?

Analysis of the question

Reasoning

Quality of the language usedAbility to talk to the audience

Measure of preparation

Application of the rules of argumentation


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Fallacies

an error in reasoning

an "argument" in which the premises givenfor the conclusion do not provide theneeded degree of support.


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Examples of Fallacies

Inductive Argument

Premise 1: Most American catsare domestic house cats.

Premise 2: Bill is an American cat.

Conclusion: Bill is domestic house cat.


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Examples of Fallacies

Ad hominem- "against the man" or"against the person.

Ad hominem tu quoque- "You Too Fallacy

Appeal to authority- Misuse of Authority,Irrelevant Authority, QuestionableAuthority, Inappropriate Authority, AdVerecundiam


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Ad baculum- appeal to fear

Ad crumenun- appeal to money

Ad ignorantiam- appeal to ignoranceAd numerum, ad populum- appeal tonumber of people

All or nothing


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Anecdotal evidence- Yeah, Ive read thehealth warnings on those cigarette packsand I know about all that health research,

but my brother smokes, and he says hesnever been sick a day in his life, so I knowsmoking cant really hurt you.

Anthropomorphism- My dog is wagginghis tail and running around me. Therefore,he knows that I love him.


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Appeal to Authority- The moon iscovered with dust because the presidentof our neighborhood association said so.

Appeal to Vanity- My evidence is betterbecause he is more good looking.

Argumentum Consensus Gentium- Youmust believe me because over thegenerations, this has been practiced bythe elders.


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Logical Fallacies

http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/

http://www.iep.utm.edu/fallacy/
http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/http://www.iep.utm.edu/fallacy/http://www.iep.utm.edu/fallacy/http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/


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THE OXFORD OREGON TYPEOF DEBATE


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Oxford- Oregon Debate

First positive - Constructive, definition speechFirst negative - InterpellationFirst negative - Constructive, definition speechFirst positive - Interpellation

Second positive - Argumentative, burden of proofSecond negative - InterpellationSecond negative - Defensive, burden of rebuttalSecond positive - Interpellation

*Two minute break*Rebuttal speech Negative houseRebuttal speech Positive house


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Allotted time

Speeches: 3 to 4 minutes

Interpellation per speaker: 3 minutes

Rebuttal speeches: 3 minutes


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Criteria for Judging

A. Content - 35%

Evidence/ Research

Organization

Language UseB. Delivery - 30%

Visual Appeals

Vocal Appeals

Language useC. Quality of Interpellation- 20%

D. Rebuttal speech- 15%


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The Affirmative Speeches

First speaker: Definite the proposition,historicize the proposition (why is thisbeing proposed, cite the parameters of the

debate, state the necessity of the proposal

Second speaker: Provide the proofs,

evidences for the proposal (beneficiality,practicality, and timeliness)


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The Negative Speeches

First negative speech- Questions thedefinitions of the affirmative, refuses theparameters (if necessary), state the nature

and benefits of the status quo

Second negative speech- States thestrengths, practicality, necessity of the

status quo, clarifies the downside of theproposal of the positive house


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INTERPELLATION

Objectives:

To clarify points

To expose errorsTo obtain admissions

To setup arguments


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RULES ON INTERPELLATION

1. Questions should primarily focus onarguments developed in the speech ofthe opponent. However, matters

relevant and material to the propositionare admissible.

2. Questioner and opponent should treat

each other with courtesy.3. Both speakers stand and face the

audience during the Interpellation period.


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4. Once the questioning has begun, neither thequestioner nor the opponent may consult a

colleague. Consultation should be donebeforehand but as quietly as possible.

5. The questioner should ask brief and easilyunderstandable questions that are only

answerable by yes or no. The opponentshould also only answer either way, and nofollow-up explanations shall be allowed.

6. Questioner may cut off the follow-upexplanation with a statement such as thankyou, that is enough information, yourpoint is quite clear or Imsatisfied.


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7. A questioner should not comment on theresponse of the opponent.

8. The opponent may refuse to answerambiguous, irrelevant, or loadedquestions by asking the questioner torephrase or reform the question.


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Guidelines on Asking Qs

1. Ask a short Q designed to get a short A.2. Indicate the object of your Q.3. Don't state questions and arguments in an obvious manner.4. Don't ask a Q that the opponent would not be able to answer

properly.

5. Make your Q seem important, even if it is just an attempt toclarify.6. Be polite.7. Approach things from a non-obvious direction. Then trap them.8. Mark your flow/notes as to what you want to question them

about.9. Dont ask for explanations to support their A.10. Face the judges/audience, not your opponent.11. Your CX answers must be integrated into your constructive

speeches (this is for both Second Affirmative and Negativespeakers).


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Guidelines on Answering Qs

1. Keep in mind your teams position and yourown arguments in your constructive speech as

you respond to the opponents questions.2. Answer only the relevant questions.

3. Address the judge.

4. Be cautious of hypothetical questions. If theopponent demands for an answer, then give ahypothetical answer in return.


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RULES ON REBUTTAL

The Rebuttal Speaker should point out thefallacies committed by the opposing team.Criticizing the opposing teams statement/swhich hold the fallacies.

If not familiar with the fallacies of logic, thespeaker may criticize the arguments by directlyreferring to the statements that are incorrect orfalse.

No new evidences or arguments may bepresented at this point. Stick to the issues thathave been raised earlier.


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3 Issues to Consider in the

Rebuttal

1. Which arguments have more weight atthe end of the round?

2. Which evidences have significant weightthat would debunk the claims of theopponent?

3. What about the quality of evidence?


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Roles of the Moderator

To reveal the issue involve the debate;

To rule on points of clarification about theissues or questions and answers madeduring the Interpellation; and

To see to it that the debate is orderly andfollows the rules of parliamentary

procedures.


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Roles of the Timer

To time the speakers and debatersaccurately;

To give the speakers a one-minutewarning with the ringing of the bell oncebefore his/her time is up.

To prevent the debaters from exceeding

the time allotted to them by ringing thebell twice.

lesson e3- oxford oregon

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