1

Lesson one summary

( Matter and characteristics )

Matter : It is anything has mass and volume

It's anything has mass and occupies a space

� We can distinguish between matter

A) Physical properties B) Chemical properties

A-Physical Properties

a) Colour , taste and smell

silver sugar

* Colour Iron * Taste flour

between Gold between salt

perfume

* smell

between Vinegar

b) Density The mass of unit volume of matter

• Mass : It is amount of matter that the body contains .

• Volume : It is space that substance occupies

Cairo Governorate Department : Science

Nozha Directorate of Education Form : 1st prep.

Nozha Language Schools Revision sheet

“Ismailia Road” Branch

M

V D

gm

Cm3 gm/cm

3

2

[ Note ] :

- Some materials float on water surface and other sink in water

- Floats density lower than density of water

- Sinks density higher than density of water

3- Melting point :

It is the temperature at which matter begins to change from a solid state to liquid state .

• Different solids have different melting points .

Low wax , butter and ice .

High iron , copper , aluminum and table salt .

* Life applications alloys : copper – gold in making jewels

Nickel – chrome in making heating coils .

4- Boling point :

It is the temperature at which matter begins to change from liquid to gaseous state .

Soft Rubber

5- Hardness Need heat to become soft Metals

Can't be soften by heating coal , sulphur

Life applications :

a) The screw drivers made of steel iron because it is very hard .

b) The rods used in building houses made of iron not copper because iron harder than

copper .

3

6- Electric conductivity

Good conductor of electricity Bad conductor of electricity

Substance allow electricity to flow through Substances don’t allow electricity to flow

through

Examples :

-Acidic solutions

-Alkaline solutions .

-Some salt solutions

-Metal iron – copper – aluminum

Examples :

-Gases

-Solution of hydrogen chloride in benzene

-Sugary solution

-Solid elements sulphur , phosphor

• Life application :

1) Electric wires are made of copper and Aluminum and covered by plastic layer .

2) Screw drivers are made of steel iron , while their handles are made of wood or

plastic .

7- Thermal conductivity

Good conductors of heat Bad conductors of heat

Substances that allow heat to flow through Substances that don't allow heat to flow

through

Example : Iron , copper , aluminum Example : wood – plastic

• Life applications

1) Cooking pans are made of aluminum .

2) Handles of cooking pans are made of wood or plastic .

4

B- Chemical properties

We can classify metals according to chemical activity to

Very active metals Less active metals Inactive metals

React with oxygen as soon

as being exposed to humid

air

Example :

sodium and potassium

react with oxygen if it left in

air for some days and layer of

rust is formed .

Example :

Iron , Aluminum and copper

which find great difficulty to

react with oxygen.

Example : silver , platinum ,

nickel , gold and chromium

• Life application :

1- Sodium and potassium are kept under kerosene surface .

Because they are very active metals .

2- Steel bridges and holders of light bulbs are painted from time to time .

To prevent rusting .

3- Metallic spare parts are covered with greases .

To prevent rusting .

4- Washing of cooking pans made of aluminum with rough material .

To remove rust .

5- Silver and gold are used in making jewels .

Because there are less active .

6- Nickel , gold and silver are used to cover other substance which rapidly gain rust .

Because there are less active .

5

Unit one

Lesson (1) : Matter and its characteristics

Sheet one A-Complete :

1- Unit of volume is …………….and that of mass is …………….

2- An alloy of …………..is used in making jewels while an alloy of ………….is used in

making heaters coils .

3- Some solutions are good conductor of electricity such as …………and ……………,

while some solutions which do not conduct electricity like …………….

4-Equal masses of different substances have different ……………………………….

5-Bridges are made up of iron and coated in the purposes of protecting them

from…………………

6- Electric wires are made up of …………….or …………….

B-Write the scientific term:

1. Mass of unit volume of a substance. […………………………]

2. The temperature at which a substance changes from solid state into liquid state.

[……....................………]

3. The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid state into gaseous state.

[…………………………]

C -Give reasons for

1. Painting metallic bridges and light columns in streets from time to time.

……………………………………………………………………………….

2. Gold and silver are used in making jewels.

D-Problem:

2. On determining Copper’s density using a piece of Copper of mass 22 gram the piece

immersed in 50 cm 3 of water, the water increases up to 60 cm3. calculate the Copper’s

density.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

6

Sheet two A-Complete the following:

1. Substances differ in some of their characteristics such as ….........……,………...……..

and ………………………

2. Substances of densities less than the water density …………….on water surface, while

other substances of densities more than that of water ……………………

4. Some solids are soft at ordinary temperature such as ………………………..

5. ……………..and ……………….are good conductors of electricity ,

while…………..and ………………….are bad conductors of heat.

6- Balloons filled with ……………… or …………………. rise up in air .

B -Give reasons for

1- Cork floats on the water surface while the iron nail sinks.

……………………………………………………………………………….

2- Cooking pots are made up of Aluminum where their hand grip are made up or wood or

plastic .

……………………………………………………………………………….

3- Water doesn’t use in putting off petroleum fire .

……………………………………………………………………………….

C- Problems :

1. From the opposite figure :

a- Calculate the volume of stone .

…………………………………………………………

…………………………..

b- If the mass of stone = 20 gm what’s the density of this stone ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

c- If this stone is placed in a jar containing mercury does it sink or floot ? give reason

(density of mercury is 13 gm / cm3 )

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

2- In an experiment for determine the density of a liquid , the following results are

recorded

The mass of empty beaker = 75 gm. .

The mass of beaker containing liquid = 135 gm.

The volume of liquid = 100 cm3

Calculate density of liquid

7

Lesson two: Matter construction.

Molecule: Is the smallest particle of a matter which can be existed freely

and has its own matter properties.

Solid molecules Liquid molecules Gas molecules

• Properties of molecules:

1-Matter molecules are in continuous motion, limited in solids , more free in

liquids and completely free in gases.

2-Intermolecular spaces are found among molecules which are tiny in solids,

Little big in liquids, and very large in gases.

3-Attraction forces among molecules are very strong among solids,

Weak in liquids ,and almost not existed in gases.

Element:

Simplest pure form of substance we couldn’t decompose it chemically into

simpler substance.

Compound:

Is the product of combination of two or more elements with constant ratios.

Types of molecules of the element:

1- Consists of only one atom ( Monatomic ).

2-Consists of two atoms ( Diatomic).

8

Water molecule Oxygen molecule Sodium chloride molecule

Oxygen atom Oxygen atom Oxygen molecule

Two hydrogen atoms Oxygen atom water molecule

Chlorine atom Sodium atom Sodium chloride molecule

3 hydrogen atoms nitrogen atom ammonia molecule

9

Lesson two: Matter construction.

Sheet one A. Complete:

1. Matter consists of …………….that carry its properties.

2. Ammonia molecule consists of three ………………atoms and one ………………atom.

3. Molecules consist of very tiny structure units known as ………..which can not be seen

by naked eyes .

4. Matters molecules are in …………………….

5. I.M.F in iron is ……….……..than that in petroleum oil.

B- What are the properties of molecules?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

C- Determine the no. of atoms and elements in each of the following:

Molecules No. of atom(s) No. of elements(s)

Carbon dioxide

Ammonia

Water

Sodium chloride

Oxygen

D- Write the scientific term:

1. The smallest part in matter that can exist freely having the properties of matter .

[.........................................]

- The simplest form of matter which can not be decomposed into a simpler on .

[………………………….]

2. A Liquid element whose molecule consists of two atoms. [.........................................]

3. Gaseous elements consist of only one atom. [.........................................]

4. A Type of matter keeps its shape & volume whatever the container’s shape changed.

[.........................................]

10

E- Give reason for :

1- The volume of a mixture of water and alcohol is less than the sum of their volumes

before mixing .

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

2- It is different to break down a piece of iron with your hand .

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

3- Oxygen is an element while sodium chloride is a compound .

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

4- Molecule of helium differs from molecule of hydrogen .

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

5- The colour of water change on adding an amount of potassium permanganate to if .

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

F. What will happen when: ?

1. Two Hydrogen atoms combine with one Oxygen atom.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2. Milk is put in a triangular container.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

11

Sheet two

A-Complete:

1. ………………..is a liquid element that consist of two atoms.

2. Inert gases consist of ……………….atom like ………,………..and …………….

3. …………….. and ………… are solids that consist of one atom .

4- The fundamental building unit of matter is …………………….

5-Water molecule consist of one …………..atom and two ………….atoms

B- Write the scientific term:

1. Tiny structure units forming the molecule. [.........................................]

2- The elements that their molecules contains two atoms . [………………..…….…..]

3. A Liquid element whose molecule consists of one atom. [………………………....]

4- Represents only one individual atom . […………………………]

C- Give reason for:

1. The Liquids take the shape of their containers.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2.-The presence of different types of molecules.

-The molecule of one substance differs from the molecule of another substance.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

3. The Solid changes to liquid by heating.

.......................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

D. What will happen when: ?

1. A Solid substance is heated.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2. A Liquid substance is heated.

.......................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................

12

E- Compare between:

P.O.C Solid Liquid Gas

I.M.F

I.M.S

Shape

Volume

Motion

F-What is meant by:?

1. The Element.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2. The Molecule. .

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

5. The Inert gases.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

13

Lesson three :Atomic structure of matter

consists consists

Matter Molecules Atoms.

of of

Atom:

It is the smallest fundamental building unit of matter

Smallest individual unit of matter which can share in chemical reaction.

For any element we must know:

Atomic number:

It is the number of positive protons in the nucleus.

Note:

no. of positive protons = no. of negative electrons.

Mass number:

It is the sum of numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Mass number

Atomic number

Symbol

14

Atom consists of

Nucleus Electrons

Contains: - Negatively charged particles -

Positive protons + - revolve around nucleus in

Neutral neutron ± - imaginary places called

Energy levels.

Note:

The maximum number of energy level in heaviest atom is seven energy levels.

Level symbol K L M N O P Q

Number ( n ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Notes :

-Energy of electron = Energy of level.

-When electron gains energy ,it transfers from its original level to higher one.

-The amount of energy gained or lost called Quantum.

Quantum :It is the amount of energy lost or gained by an electron when it

Transfers from one energy level to another.

When electron gains amount of energy and moves to higher energy level

In this case atom called exited atom.

Excited atom: It is an atom that gains a quantum of energy.

Gains quantum of energy

Atom in ground state Excited atom

loses quantum of energy

We can calculate the number of electrons in each energy level by the

relation: 2n2

Examples:

1st energy level: (K) 2n

2 =2 ( 1 )

2 = 2

2nd

energy level ( L ) 2n2 = 2 ( 2 )

2 = 8

3rd

energy level ( M ) 2n2 =

2 ( 3 )

2 = 18

15

Note:

-Atom is electrically neutral under ordinary conditions.

Because: number of (+) protons =number of( - )electrons

The mass of atom concentrated in the nucleus:

Because electron has negligible mass relative to that of proton or neutron

Nucleus is positively charged :

Because it contains :

1-Positve protons

2-Neutral neutrons

So the net charge is Positive.

16

Lesson (3) : Atomic Structure of Matter

Sheet one A- Complete

1. The Latin name of sodium is ……………….and its symbol is ……………………

2. The charge of protons is …………………..and they present inside the ………………..

4. The atomic no. = ………………………… = ………………………………

5. No. of energy levels are ………………in the heaviest atom.

B - What will happen when:

1. The no. of electrons changes in the atom.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2. The electron loses energy.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

3. The electron gains energy.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

C- Write the scientific term:

1. The sum. of no. of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

[............................................]

2. Positively charged particles exist inside the nucleus.

[............................................]

D- Write the electronic configuration of each the following:

1. 40

20 Ca :………………. 2. 4

2 He:………………. 3. 39

19 K:…………………

a. What is the name of each symbol?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

b. Determine the no. of protons, electrons and neutrons.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

c. Determine if the atom is active or not.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

17

E- An element(X) its atomic no. is 13 and its mass no. is 27

1. Determine the no. of neutrons.

2. Write the electronic configuration.

F- From the following figure find:

k L M N

+20

± 20

2 8 8 2

1. The atomic no. ……………………………………………..

2. The mass no. ……………………………………………….

3. No. of protons ………………………………………………

4. No. of electrons …………………………………………….

5. No. of neutrons ……………………………………………

G. Give reason for:

1. The symbol of element may be represented in 2 letters.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The atom is electrically neutral.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The nucleus is +ve charged.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

4- The mass of the atom is concentrated at the nucleus .

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. The there is a relation between no. of electrons and the chemical activity.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Although the last energy level in Helium has 2 electrons it doesn’t participate in any

chemical reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

18

Sheet two

A-Complete:

1. The energy of level "L" is ……………..than level ……………….because the energy

Of each level depends on ………………….

2. The mass of the atom is concentrated in …………………….

3. The no. of neutrons = …………………-……………………..

4. The charge of the electrons ( e − ) is …………….………while the charge of atom is

………..……………..

5. The Latin name of Potassium is ……………….and its symbol is ……………………..

6. The Latin name of iron is …………….. and its symbol is …………………

B - What -will happen when:

1. If the no. of electron in the last energy level is less than 8 e.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

2. The no. of electron in the last energy level = 8.

.......................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

C- Write the scientific term:

1. The amount of energy that the electron gained or lost to transfer from an energy level to

another. [............................................]

2. Imaginary places around the nucleus in which electrons moves according to their

energy. [............................................]

3. Negatively charged particles revolve around the nucleus.

[............................................]

D- Write the electronic configuration of each the following:

1. 7

3 Li :…………………. 2. 1

1 H:………………… 3. 35

17 C:……………….

a. What is the name of each symbol?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

19

b. Determine the no. of protons, electrons and neutrons.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

c. Determine if the atom is active or not.

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

E - An element Y has 7 electrons in the third energy level and its mass no. is 35

Determine:

1. No. of protons.

.......................................................................................................................................

2. No. of electrons.

.......................................................................................................................................

3. No. of neutrons.

.......................................................................................................................................

4. Write its electronic configuration.

.......................................................................................................................................

5. Determine if the atom is active or not.

.......................................................................................................................................

F- Write the symbol of the following elements:

1. Iron… …………… 2. Mercury…………… 3.Lead………………….

4. Sulphur………….. 5. Silicon…………….. 6.Bromine……………...

7. Zinc……………… 8. Sodium…………… 9. Potassium…………..

G. Define:

- Excited state:

……………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

- Ground state:

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

20

Unit two : Energy.

Lesson One: Energy resources and forms.

Energy: It is the ability to do work or cause a change.

Work= Force x displacement. W

f d

Energy forms: Energy resources:

1-Mechanical energy (P.E+ K.E). 1-Sun. 2-Wind. 3-Food.

2-Light energy. 4-Fuel. 5-Water motion.

3-Sound energy. 6-Nuclear energy.

4-Electric energy.

5-Chemical energy.

6-Heat energy.

7-Nuclear energy.

Potential energy:( P.E )

It is the energy stored in the object due to work done on it. P.E

P.E=W x h

w h

Weight= mass (m) x gravitational acceleration (g).

There are two factors affecting on the potential energy which are:

1-Weight: as the weight increases, the potential energy of the body increases.

2-Height: as the height increases, the potential energy of the body also

increases.

So there is a direct relationship between potential energy and weight,

And direct relationship between potential energy and height.

21

Kinetic energy: (K.E). :

It is the work done during motion of an object K.E

K.E = mv2

m v2

There are two factors affecting on the kinetic energy:

1-Mass: as mass increases the kinetic energy increases.

2-Speed or velocity of a moving body: as speed increases the kinetic energy

increases.

So there is a direct relationship between kinetic energy and mass, and a

direct relationship between kinetic energy and velocity.

The mechanical energy = P.E + K.E

M.E = W x h + mv

22

Unit (2) Energy.

Lesson (1): Energy Resources & Forms

Sheet one:

I. Write the mathematical relation that represents the following:

1. Potential energy.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………...………………………………………

2. Kinetic energy.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………...………………………………………

4. Mechanical energy.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………...……………………………………

B. Give reason for:

1. The K.E at maximum height equal zero.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………...……………………………………………

2. Two cars of mass 5 kg and 15 kg respectively are moving with the same velocity which

one has the highest K.E?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………...……………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………...……………………………………………

3- No change in potential energy when the object moves horizontally .

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………...……………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………….……...……………………………………………

C- Complete:

1. At maximum height , the kinetic energy of the object equals …………………..

2. As the force is increased to double , the work done will ………………………..

3. ……………,……………and ……………are from the energy resources .

4. As the height increases the P.E ……………and the K.E ………………………

5- work = …………….. × …………………

23

D- Problems:

1- In the figure , the ball falls from (A) to (B) through (C) passing

Answer the following :

1- Potential energy is maximum at ………….. and it equals

zero at ……………….

2- The K.E is equals to P.E at ………………..

3- K.E = …………….. at (A)

4- If weight of ball is 5 N . find its mechanical energy .

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………

2- A body of mass 2 kg. falls freely from rest from a distance 40 m height knowing

that g = 10 m / s 2 .

Height Velocity P.E K.E M.E

40 m Zero …………… …………… ……………..

…………. ……………. …………….. 400 Joule 800 Joule

Zero …………….. Zero ……………. ……………..

24

Sheet two:

A- Choose the correct answer:

a) When a body falls freely its …………….

a. P.E decreases and K.E increases. b. P.E and K.E increase.

c. P.E and K.E decrease. d. P.E increases and K.E decreases.

b). When a body is projected upward, the sum. of its P.E and K.E…………

a. increases. b. decreases. c. remains constant. d. equals zero.

B. Give reason for:

1. The mechanical energy of the body is always constant.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The potential energy on the ground = zero.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………...…………………………………………

C. Problems:

a. Calculate the K.E of a car moves with velocity 10 m / s if it mass is 900 kg ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………...……………………………………………

b. Calculate the mass of body its weight 30 N knowing that the gravitational acceleration

is 9.8 m/s 2 ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………...……………………………………………

c. A body of mass 50 kg , calculate the height from the Earth’s surface if its P.E at that

height equals 2500 joule ( g = 10 m / s 2 ) .

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………...……………………………………………

25

Lesson (2): Energy Transformation

Law of energy conservation :

Energy is neither created nor destroyed but it converted from one form to another .

1- Inside the car

fuel changed changed

Chemical energy Heat energy mechanical energy

to to

dynamo

Electric energy

cassette Lamp air

conditioner

Sound light Heat

2-Simple cell: From chemical energy to electric energy

3- Electric lamp: From electric energy to light energy

4- Sewing machine : From electric energy to kinetic energy

5-Solar cell : From solar energy to electric energy

6- Television : From electric energy to sound energy and light energy

7- Alarm clock: From chemical energy to kinetic energy

8-cellular phone : From radiant energy to sound energy

Negative effects :

1- Environmental pollution

Technological application Negative effects

1- Car exhaust It causes chemical pollution for air which

causes chest and eye diseases.

2- Military explosions They leave harmful effects and diseases and

cause death .

3- Chemical pesticides They cause chemical pollution for soil ,

water and air and hence cause cancer .

4- Nuclear weapons They cause the massive destruction .

5- The webs of wireless transmitters of

cellular phones

Networks have harmful effects on people

suffering from heart diseases ,

(Electromagnetic pollution )

26

Lesson (2): Energy Transformation

Sheet one:

1. Write the scientific term:

1. It is used to convert the mechanical energy into to electrical energy.

[..........................................]

2. It is composed of an acid solution with two different metals dipped in.

[..........................................]

3. Energy is neither created nor destroyed but it changed from one form to another.

[..........................................]

4. The sum. of P.E and K.E of an object under the effect of gravity is constant.

[..........................................]

5. Instrument is used to convert the chemical energy into electrical energy.

[..........................................]

2. Complete the following diagram:

Inside the car

………………. ……………...

Chemical energy Heat energy ……………..in..................

………………. ………………

Electric energy

Lamp

Sound …………….. Heat

3- Complete:

1. In the electric lamp ……………energy is converted into ……….……energy.

2. On leaving the pendulum to move freely ……………energy is converted to ……….and

this confirm the law of …………………..

3. In the moving swing the sum. of ………………….and …………………energies at any

moment is ………………….

4. The Lemon contains ……………..solution.

5. …………….from the technological application that causes air pollution.

6. Electric energy is changed into ……………energy in the electric bell.

27

4. Give reason for:

1. The movement of the compass needle when we put it nears to the simple cell.

……………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………….

5-Define the following:

1. Matter conservation Law.

……………………………………………………………………………………………....

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Energy conservation Law.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

28

Lesson (3): Heat Energy

Heat energy:

Is a form of energy which transfers from higher temperature to lower

temperature one.

Temperature:

It is the condition which states the direction of heat energy wheather from or to

the object when it comes in contact with another

Note:

- Temperature is direct proportional to kinetic energy of the particles.

-Friction turns mechanical energy to heat energy.

Heat transferring

Conduction Convection Radiation

Through solid from one

end to another .

Through gases and

liquids , where hot

molecules hardness

density and rise

upward while colder

molecules have more

density and fall down.

Heat transfers from hot

object to another

without any need for

material media through

which heat transfers.

Technological application to produce heat :

1-Heater. 2-Water heater. 3-Stove. 4-Ovens.

Note:

The origin of most energy resources and its forms on the earth is the solar

energy.

29

Lesson (3): Heat Energy

Sheet one:

1. Complete:

1. Friction converts …………….energy to ………..….. energy.

2. As the ………………….of molecules increases the ………………..energy increases so

the temperature……………………………

3 Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from …………………..body to ………….

body.

4. Heat is transferred through Iron by ………..while it transfers through Milk by ……….

5 …………….is the main source of most energies on the surface of the Earth.

6. …………..,………………and …………….are from the technological applications that

are used to produce heat energy.

7. The heat of the Sun is delivered to Earth by ………………………

8 ……………….is a permanent source of energy while ……………….is a non-permanent

source.

2. Give reason for:

1. Solar heater is preferred than the gas heater.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The freezer is found at the top of the fridge.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Write the scientific term:

1. The transfer of heat in gases and liquids through movement of molecules.

[........................................]

2. The transfer of energy without any need for a material medium.

[........................................]

30

31

32

33

34

Unit ( 3 )

Lesson (1)

Living Organisms Diversity and Principles of their Classification

Sheet one

1. Complete

1. ………………………can't be seen by naked eyes.

2. Some plants can't be distinguished into roots, stems and leaves such as ……………… ,

…………….and ………………..

3. Voughair and Adiantum reproduce by …………………………

4. Plants that reproduce by the formation of seeds are divided into ……..and ……………

5. Angiosperms are divided into …………………and ………………………

6. ………………..and ………………….are from the Dicotyledons plants.

7. Maize and Wheat plants are from ………………..plants .

8. …………………….are invertebrate animals that characterized by a type of legs known

as jointed legs.

9. Arthropods can be classified according to the number of legs into …………………… ,

………….…… and ………………..

10. Animals that have sharp incisors are divided according to their number in each jaw

into ………………and ……………………

2. Define:

1. Taxonomy.

……………………………………………………………………………………....

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Species.

…………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Choose:

1. Animals with external support such as…………… [muscles – fish – reptiles]

2. Insects have …………………….pairs of jointed legs. [2 – 3 – 4]

3. Animals have front teeth extending outwards such as ……….to capture insects.

[Tiger – Lion – Hedgehog]

4. Scolopendra and Julius are from ……… [Insects – Arachnids – Myriapods]

5. …………….the seeds of these plants are formed inside cones.

[Gymnosperms – Angiosperms]

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36

37

Lesson (2): Adaptation and Diversity of Living Organisms

Sheet one:

1. Define:

1. Adaptation.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………..........................................……………………

2. Structural adaptation (anatomical).

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Functional adaptation.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Behavioral adaptation.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Give reason for:

1. Some plants pounce and digest insects.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Birds feed on shallow water worms and snails have long and thin beaks.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. There are modifications of bird’s beaks and legs.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Some modifications had happened to mammals limbs.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Complete:

1. Birds adapt to their environments and the way of having food through the modifications

in their ………………….and ………………………

2. Ducks and Geese have wide ………………….. beak to…………………. the food

from water.

3. Paddles of Whales and Dolphins are modified for ………………………….

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4. Give an example for:

1. A predatory bird.

........................................................................................................

2. An insectivorous plant.

........................................................................................................

3. A flying mammal.

........................................................................................................

Compare between :

1- Insect , Arachnids according to no. of legs .

……………………………………………………………………

2- Octopus – caw according to body support .

……………………………………………………………………

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40

41

42

Lesson (3): Adaptation and Continuity of life

Sheet one:

I. Compare between:

P.O.C Hibernation Aestivation

Definition

Examples

II. Give reason for : 1. Some species of birds migrate from one region to another during the year. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Jerboa and desert snail become dormant and hide in humid burrows. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………………… 3. The leaves of the aquatic submerged plants are ribbon like small sized. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………………… 4. Some animals can colored themselves with dominant colors of their environment. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………………… 5. Camel's legs ended with a broad pad. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………

III. Complete:

1……………………….looks like the branches of plants.

2………………..is the ability of some living organisms to be hidden from their enemies.

3………………...is considered as an example for the structural, functional and behavioral

adaptation.

4. Camels' sweat glands don't start sweating unless the temperature reaches ………..°C

5. Camel stores an amount of ……………….in its hump to keep its survival for ………..

months without eating any food.

6. Leaves are reduced into spines in ………….……. Plant while there are air chambers in

…………..….. plant.

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IV. Write scientific term :

1. Plants can’t be distinguished into roots , stems or leaves . [……………………. ]

2. An example of mammal has two wings . [……………………..]

3. Adaptations of some body organs to do certain function . [……………………..]

4. Animals have one pair of incisors in each jaw such as rat . [……………………..]

5. Modification of the structure or function of organs of the living organism to suit the

conditions of its environment . [……………………..]

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Model exam (1)

1st Question

A- Choose the correct answer :

1- The increase in P.E of a body of a mass 1 kg moves upward through a height 100 cm :

……………… Joule ( g = 10 m/sec2 ) [ 1000 – 10 – 100 – 1 ]

2- The unit used for measuring weight is …………… [ Joule – m/sec – m/sec2 – Newton ]

3- Number of energy level are ……………. In the heaviest atom .

[ 7 – 10 – 3 – 8 ]

B- Give reason for :

1- The last energy level in helium has two electrons although it does not enter the chemical

reactions .

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

2- The colour of water change on adding an amount of potassium permanganate to it .

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

2nd

Question A- Write the scientific term :

1- It is composed of an acid solution with two different metal dipped in .

[…………………………….]

2- It represents only one individual atom . […………………………….]

3- Ting structure units forming the molecule . […………………………….]

B- What will happen when :

1- Milk is put in a triangular container .

2- The electron gains amount of energy .

45

3rd

Question

A- Complete the following statements :

1- Equal masses of different substances have different …………………..

2- ……………….. is a liquid element that consists of two atoms .

3- The Latin name of potassium is ……………… and its symbol is ……………..

4- In the moving swing the sum of ……………….. and ……………. energies at any

moment is …………………

5- Maize and wheat plants are from …………………. Plats .

B- An element ( × ) its atomic number is 13 and its mass number is 27 :

1- Determine the number of neutrons .

2- Write the electronic configuration .

4th

Question

A- Write the chemical configuration of each of the following :

1- Ca 2- C l 3- He

B- Problem :

Calculate the mass of a body moves with a kinetic energy of 2000 Joule and its velocity

equal 20 m/sec .

C- What is meant by :

1- Vaporization

2- Energy levels

40

20

35

17

4

2

46

13 +

14 ±

8 2 3

Model exam (2)

Question (1):-

A) Write the scientific term :

1. The aquatic plant which has small and ribbon like leaves . [ ……………..……..…..]

2. Gaseous elements have molecules contain only one atom . [ ………………....….….]

3. An animal that its body has an external support . [ …………….………….]

4. It turns the mechanical energy into heat energy . [ ………………………. ]

B) The figure represents the electronic configuration of the atom of an element :

Determine

1. The atomic no. : …………………

2. The mass no. : ……………………

3. Number of energy levels : ………….

4. Number of electrons in the outer energy level . : ………….

C) What is the function of :

1. The strong solid hoof at the end of horse’s limp.

2. Camouflage .

Question (2) :-

A) Choose the correct answer :

1. Electric energy is converted into kinetic energy in

a- electric lamp b- cellular phase c- electric bell d- electric fan

2. The measuring unit of density is ……………….

a- gm 3 /cm b- gm / cm 3 c- cm 3 / gm d- cm / gm 3

3. The number of scorpion’s legs is ……………..

a- 3 b- 44 c- 8 d- 4

4. The permanent resource of energy is ………………

a- coal b- nuclear reactions c- sun d- coal

5. ……………….. is an example of insectivorous .

a- Adiantum b- Drosera c- Red algae d- Camphor

6. The smallest part of the matter that can exist freely is called ………….

a- element b- atom c- molecule d- neutron

B) Give reason for :

1. Hawk has strong and sharp crooked beak while duck has wide indented beak .

2. Neon atom ( 10Ne) doesn’t enter a chemical reaction in the ordinary conditions .

47

Question (3):-

A) Complete the following :

1. …………………. is the ability to do work or causing a change .

2. Ammonia gas molecule consists of one …………… atom and three …………. atoms .

3. Heat transfers by convection in ……….. and ……………. materials .

4. …………….. is the most adapted animal to live in the desert where it has ………….

to store an amount of fats .

5. The intermolecular spaces between solid molecules are ………….. than spaces between

liquid molecules .

B) What is meant by :

1. Low of conservation of mechanical energy .

2. Hibernation .

Question (4)

A) Put ( √√√√ ) or ( × ) and correct the wrong ones :

1. The armadillo belongs to the edentats . [ ]

2. If the weight of an object is doubled , its potential energy increases four times . [ ]

3. Cycas and pine plants are reproduce by formation of spores . [ ]

4. The compound consists of a combination of different atoms . [ ]

5. Behavioral adaptation is the ability of some organs and tissues to do a

specific function . [ ]

B) What happens if :

1. An electron gains a quantum of energy .

2. The camel has no long eye lashes .

C) Problem :

An object has a kinetic energy 27 Joules is moving at a speed 3 m / sec.

Calculate its mass .

Good Luck

48

Model exam (3)

1st Question:- A) Choose the correct answer:-

1) All the following mammals have teeth except ……………….

a- tiger b- rat c- rabbit d- armadillo

2) The attraction force among the molecules of aluminum is …..………… that of alcohol.

a- stronger than b- weaker than c- equal d- no correct

answer

3) From the examples of living organisms that undergoes hibernation is the ……………..

a- desert snail b- jerboa c- frog d- all the previous

4) ………………. is an element that doesn’t react with oxygen.

a- Sodium b- Gold c- Potassium d- Iron

5) Plants can reproduce by ………………….

a- seeds only b- spores only c- ferns d- seeds or spores

6) The heat transfers by convection through ………………….

a- water and iron b- water and air c- iron and copper d- water only

B) Give reason for:-

1) Drosera and halophila plants feed on insects.

2) The nucleus is positively charged.

C) Problem:-

Calculate the potential energy for an object of weight 7 Newton that placed at height

5 meters.

2nd

Question:-

A) Write the scientific term:-

1) The energy stored in the object due to a work done on it. [ ………………….. ]

2) The transfer of heat through space that doesn’t need a material medium. [ ……….….. ]

3) The smallest part in matter that can exist freely having the properties of matter. [……..]

4) The ability of some animals to change their bodies color to be like the color of the

environment. [ ………………….. ]

5) The temperature at which the substance changes from solid into a liquid state. [………]

B) What is the function of:-

1- Dynamo.

2- The wide indented beaks in duck and geese.

C) The figure represents the electronic configuration of the atom of an element:-

Determine:-

1) Number of energy levels.

2) The atomic no.

3) The mass no.

11 +

12 ±

2 8 1

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3rd

Question:-

A) Put ( √ ) or ( × ):-

1) The outer most energy level is saturated with 8 electrons except “K” level is saturated

by 2 electrons only. ( )

2) Camel has a constant blood temperature. ( )

3) Molecules of helium, neon and argon consist of two atoms. ( )

4) Energy is neither created nor destroyed but it changes from one form to another. ( )

5) Handles of cooking pots are made up of copper and aluminum. ( )

B) Correct the underlined words:-

1) Simple cell is one of the technological applications to produce heat.

2) Spider is from insects that have 3 pairs of legs.

3) Mechanical energy is the sum of potential and heat energies.

C) What happens if:-

1) The camel eye lashes are short.

2) The shallow water birds have short legs with thick fingers.

4th

Question:-

A) Complete the following statements:-

1- …………….. energy changes into …………….. energy in the car lamp.

2- The latin name of potassium is ………………. and its symbol is …………..

3- …………… is from factors that affect the kinetic energy.

4- The substance of density ………….. than the density of water floats while the substance

of density ……………… than the density of water sinks.

5- The water molecule consists of one ……………… atom and two …………… atoms.

6- …………… is a form of energy that transfers from higher temperature to a lower one.

B) Give one example for:-

1) Energy resource .

2) A substance that good conductor of heat and electricity.

C) Match from column ( A ) that suits from column ( B ):-

( A ) ( B )

1- Camel

2- Hawk

3- Octopus

a- has a soft body

b- is considered as a predatory bird

c- has hump to store fats in it

50