life span and the environment college of public and community service university of massachusetts at...
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Life Span and the Environment
College of Public and Community Service
University of Massachusetts at Boston
©2011 William Holmes
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Imitation Learning rules—syntax,
semantics, pragmatics Using fast mapping Developing phonology Having receptive language Learning expressive
language
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Bilingual development Acquiring second language Adjusting to second culture Continued use of primary
language Continued development of
secondary language
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Hi! Allo!
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Instruction in both languages Interpreter role for family
members Language subcultures Language problems
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Holla! Yo!
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Encouraging development Controlling development Reassuring development Influencing shame and self-
doubt Providing reciprocal interaction Providing context for
interpreting
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Parent age, personality, life stage influences
Child age, health, gender, responsiveness
Family context—other adults, other children, socioeconomic status, culture, neighborhood
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Authoritarian—withdrawal, hostility, unachieving, low competence
Authoritative—independent, friendly, achieving, competent
Permissive—impulsive, low self-reliance, immature, aggressive, poor boundaries, low competence
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Role modeling, imitation, and value setting
Caregiving Helping/rivalry Warning and instruction Interpreting Providing sibling underworld
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Parenting disruption—conflict, blaming economic stress, less caregiving
Attachment disruption Aggression and depression in children Colored by cognitive immaturity Separation anxiety and abandonment
fears
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Changing roles and responsibilities
Decreased fathering More latchkey children More use of Au Pairs,
Nannies, and baby sitting
More use of day care
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More behavior problems More independence Need to maintain
cognitive stimulation Need to maintain
nurturing and attachment
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Physical awareness Looking glass self Naming Likes and dislikes Temperament
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Activities Relationships Role in family Role in society Autobiographical
narrative
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Biology Social learning Cognitive identification Gender schemas Psychoanalytic issues
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Parental socialization Sibling socialization Peer influence Media influence Social control influences
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Unoccupied play Solitary plan Onlooker play Parallel play Associative play Cooperative play
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Cognitive development Emotional development Role practicing Role alternatives Wishful thinking
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Stress reduction Self-esteem building Social interaction
development Outlet for emotions Strategy
development
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