linguistic issue
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Linguistic Issue. In New Zealand. Lim, Joohee Nam, Yujin Park, Nari. Contents. Past Present Future. Language of New Zealand. Official languages Native languages Immigrant languages Multilingual society. The History of Immigration. Polynesian settlement - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Lim, JooheeNam, Yujin
Park, Nari
Linguistic IssueLinguistic Issue
In New In New ZealandZealand
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Contents
• Past
• Present
• Future
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Language of New Zealand
• Official languages
• Native languages
• Immigrant languages
Multilingual society
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The History of Immigration
• Polynesian settlement
• Migration from 1840
• Post World War II migration
• Introduction of points-based system
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Polynesian settlement
• In the 13th Century The Polynesian ancestors of the
Maori
• Unique ‘Maori Culture & Language’
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Late of 18th Cen.• 1769, James Cook
– The First inflow of English
• 1792,The First English-speaking settler
– From penal colony in Sydney
• The 1840 Treaty of Waitangi
– From Australia and Britain
– Maori were outnumbered
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Post World War II migration• 1950,Accepted 5,000 refugees• A labor shortage
– A bilateral agreement for skilled migrants Netherlands
• End of 1960, a large demand for unskilled labor– From the South Pacific
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points-based system
• 1987, a new Immigration Act– Classified migrants on their skills,
personal qualities and potential contribution to NZ economy and society
• 1991, Requiring IELTS score
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Maori English
• English spoken by Maori • ethnic dialect and social dialect• Representing desire for their
solidarity
• Maori grammar applied to EnglishEx) ‘plural’ is showed in a definitive
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Languages of NZ
• The number of languages listed for New Zealand is 4. Of those, 3 are living languages and 1 is a second language without mother-tongue speakers.
www.ethnologue.com
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Languages of NZ
1) Living languages ① English : Spoken by 95.9% of people
② Maori : Spoken by 4.1% of people ③ New Zealand Sign Language(24,090)
2) Second language ① Pitcairn-Norfolk
www.ethnologue.com
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Languages of NZ
• Afrikaans, Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, Fijian, Hakka Chinese, Hindi, Japanese, Korean, Latvian, Niue, Pukapuka, Samoan, Tahitian, Tokelauan, Tongan, Tuvaluan, Yue Chinese, Arabic…
www.ethnologue.com
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New Zealanders vs. other ethnic groups
NzersOthers
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Ethnic groups in NZ2006 census
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
European Maori Asian PacificPeoples
Other
20012006
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Percentage of population born overseas
2006 census
0
5
10
15
20
25
1996 2001 2006
percent
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Rankings of Nine Most Common Overseas Birthplaces in the 2006
Census, Compared with 2001 census
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000
England
China
Australia
Samoa
india
South Africa
fiji
Scoyland
Korea
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New Zealand English
• Close to Australian English
• But has several subtle differences - more affinity with southern England
English - influence of Maori speech - the flattened I
www.en.wikipedia.com
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Dialects within NZ English
• One group of speakers is recognised as having a distinct way of talking
→ the south of the South Island (Murihiku) harbours a "Celtic fringe" of people
• Because this southern area formed a traditional repository of immigration from Scotland
www.en.wikipedia.com
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Immigration Regulation
• First restriction were imposed in 1881
• The prejudice against Asians, especially Chinese
• Since 1986, the policy has broken discrimination against non-British
www.teara.govt.nz
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Immigration Regulation
• Money and English ability are required
- Immigration Amendment Act 1991 : A modest level of English was required. Business immigrants were expected to transfer at least NZ$150,000 to New Zealand. Ability in English language was assessed at interviews
www.teara.govt.nz
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Education in New Zealand www.minedu.gont.nz
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1.Early childhood education – culturally appropriate
2.Primary and Secondary schools – free for New Zealand citizens and permanent residents
3. Tertiary education – equitable and affordable access
The provision of flexible pathways for study
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Early child hood Education• education and care for young children and infants from birth to six• A wide range of early childhood services is available
English – the medium language
Maori , Pacific island or other language
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Birth – 5 years old : 60%
3 years old : 90%
4 years old : 98%
* Participation rates for different ethnicities vary
In New Zealand early childhood education services are not state-owned, provided or managed
www.minedu.gont.nz
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Primary and secondary school Education
Schooling is available to children from age 5 and is compulsory from ages 6to 16
1.Primary school
start at year 1 and continues until year 8
2. Secondary school
covers years 9 to 13 ( during which students are aged 13 to 17)
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• Most schools are English language medium,
but some schools teach in the Maori medium.
• Kura Kaupapa Maori- based on Maori culture and value
www.minedu.gont.nz
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NCEA
The National Certificate of Educational Achievement
• the national senior secondary school qualification.
• NCEA level 1 is comparable overall to these qualification.
- the British General certificate of secondary education
- Canada or The U.S. grade 10
- year 10 awards in a number of Australian states.
http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/index.html
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Tertiary education • All aspects of post-school education and training
• 36 public tertiary
- 8 universities
- 21 institutes of technology and polytechnics
- 4 college of education
- 3 wanaga (maori tertiary education institutions)
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Bachelor’s degrees from New Zealand tertiary education providers are comparable overall to:
• British Bachelor’s degrees
• Australia bachelor’s degrees
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• 895 private training establishments,
- which include private English language school, registered by the NZ qualification Authority.
- Preparation programs for the IELTS and TOEFL
www.minedu.gont.nz
English language provision
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conclusion