listening process
TRANSCRIPT
Listening Process
Listening VS
Hearing
Hearing
• act of receiving sound
Listening• the active process of receiving,
constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken or non-verbal messages
Listening• involves the ability to retain
information, react emphatically, and appreciate to spoken or non-verbal messages
Listening• primary way that we understand
others, enrich our own lives, and learn important and vital information
Listening Process
“Upon hearing your favorite song, the voice of your favorite artist, or the sound of a police siren, you immediately know
what they mean. Your interpreted message is then stored in short-term
memory for immediate use or in long-term memory for future recall.”
(Janusik, 2005)
Natural Barriers in the Listening Process
A. Attention
Selective Attention focus we give to the stimuli we
deem important
A. Attention
Automatic Attention focus we give tot the stimuli signaling in our surroundings, stimuli that we deem important, stimuli that we perceive to
signal changes
Natural Barriers in the Listening Process
B. Working Memory
-part of our consciousness that interprets and assigns meaning to stimuli we pay attention to
Natural Barriers in the Listening Process
B. Working Memory
-recognizing patterns and immediately assigns meaning
Natural Barriers in the Listening Process
C. Short-term Memory
-temporary storage place for information
-retain thoughts that we want to use immediately but do not necessarily want to keep for future reference
Natural Barriers in the Listening Process
C. Short-term Memory
-limitations in quantity or duration of stored information
*POST IT
Natural Barriers in the Listening Process
D. Long-Term Memory
-permanent storage place for information: past experiences, language, values, knowledge, images of people, memories of sights, sounds, and smells and even fantasies
Natural Barriers in the Listening Process
D. Long-Term Memory
-no limitation in the quantity and duration of stored information
Natural Barriers in the Listening Process
D. Long-Term Memory
“Schema” : organizational ‘filing systems’ for our thoughts held in long-term memory
Natural Barriers in the Listening Process
• How come we forget things even if it is in the long-term memory already?
Barriers to Listening
NOISE
Physical DistractionsAll the stimuli in the environment that keep you from focusing on the message.
example: loud music playing
Barriers to Listening
NOISE
Mental Distractions The wandering of the mind when it is supposed to be focusing on something.
example: thinking about a lunch date while listening to a teacher
Barriers to Listening
NOISE
Factual DistractionsFocusing so intently on the details that you miss the main point.
example: listening to all the details of a conversation but forgetting the main idea
Barriers to Listening
NOISE
Semantic DisordersOverresponding to an emotion-laden word or concept. example: not listening to a teacher when he/ she mentions “Marxist Theory”
Barriers to Listening
Perception of Others
Status Devoting attention based on the social standing, rank or perceived value of another. example: not listening to a freshmen group activity
Barriers to Listening
Perception of Others
StereotypesTreating individuals as if they are the same as others in a given category.
example: assuming all older people have similar opinions
Barriers to Listening
Perception of Others
Sights and soundsLetting appearances or voice qualities affect your listening
example: not listening to a person with a screechy voice
Barriers to Listening
Yourself
EgocentrismExcessive self-focus, or seeing yourself as the central concern in every conversation
example: assuming all older people have similar opinions
Barriers to Listening
Yourself
DefensivenessActing threatened and feeling like you must defend what you have said and done.
example: assuming others’ comments are veiled criticisms of you
Barriers to Listening
Yourself
Experiential SuperiorityLooking down on others as if their experience with life is not as good as yours
example: not listening to those with less experience
Barriers to Listening
Yourself
Personal BiasLetting your own predispositions, or strongly held beliefs, interfere with your ability to interpret information correctly
example: assuming that people are generally truthful or deceitful
Barriers to Listening
Yourself
PseudolisteningPretending to listen but letting your mind or attention wander to something else.
example: daydreaming while your professor is lecturing
Importance of Listening• Listening helps us build and
maintain relationships and can even help us determine whether the person we are to talking to is being deceitful. (diBatista, 1997)
• Listening is also recognized as an essential skill for business success. (Haigh, 2006)
Importance of Listening
• Because of effective listening, we are able to improve workplace relationships and be more productive. (Nichols, 2006)
Importance of Listening
References
• Lucas, Stephen E. (2009). The Art of Public Speaking. 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• Pearson, J. et. al. (2008). Human Communication. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.