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Date:

Federal AviationAdministration

Lithium Ion Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards

ICAO

FAA Fire Safety

09-11-2014

LiCoO2

.432Wh

LiCoO2

1.8Wh

LiFePO4

1.92Wh

LiFePO4

2.25Wh

LiCoO2

2.7Wh

LiCoO2

2.96Wh

LiCoO2

3.168Wh

LiCoO2

9.62Wh

LiFePO4

9.6Wh

LiFePO4

10.56Wh

LiNiMnO2

13Wh

LiMnNi

14.4Wh

2Federal AviationAdministration

Lithium Ion Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards

09-11-14

Lithium-Ion: Chemistry Variation

2

LiFePO4

Max Cell Temp: 357CLiNiMnCoO2

Max Cell Temp: 563CLiMnNi

Max Cell Temp: 757C

3Federal AviationAdministration

Lithium Ion Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards

09-11-14

5 Stacked E-Tablets

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4Federal AviationAdministration

Lithium Ion Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards

09-11-14

Li-Ion Combustion Chamber Test

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Maximum Pressure: 28 PSI

5Federal AviationAdministration

Lithium Ion Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards

09-11-14

Paper from SAE International

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Kg: Explosion Index (Proportional to Rate of Pressure Rise)

Pressure rise of LiCoO2 cells at 100% SOCComponents of vented gas

Quantification of Combustion Hazards of Thermal Runaway Failures in Lithium-Ion BatteriesSomandepalli et al / SAE Int. J. Alt. Power. / Volume 3, Issue 1 (May 2014)Paper number: 2014-01-1857

6Federal AviationAdministration

Lithium Ion Battery Cells – Risks and Hazards

09-11-14

Summary

• Cells without adequate vents can explode.• Heat release, propagation and flammability

vary among different chemistries of Lithium-Ion cells.

• Vented gasses can accumulate and cause an explosion.

• Composition of vented gasses contain H2, Hydrocarbons, CO, CO2 and concentrations vary with SOC.

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