(maars) multi - beam active phased array radar naval...

Naval Surveillance

Multi-beam Active Phased Array Radar

(MAARS)

MAARS purpose:

MAARS is multimode C-band acquisition radar for surveillance and

weapon assignment.

It perform automatic detection, track initiation and tracking of surface

and air targets.

Due to its modular design it can easily be adapted to a customer's

range, resolution and accuracy requirements using existing

components.

Due to flexible communication interfaces to the combat system or

when netted to other sensors, MAARS is suitable for integration with

a track management system.

The system has multi-beam scanning strategies to satisfy the special

requirements of stand-alone radars for corvettes, patrol vessels,

minesweepers, minehunters or as the self defense radar on frigates.

Specific radar applications are sea skimmer detection with target

assignment for close-in weapon systems.

MAARS most important features are:

• 4D air surveillance

• Digital beamforming of 12 simultaneous receiving beams with electronic

stabilization

• Automatic and simultaneous detection and tracking (track-while scan) of:

― air and surface targets

― fast supersonic missiles

― sea skimmers, even in heavy sea clutter

― pop-up targets (e.g. helicopters)

• Fast target alarm for directly incoming targets

• Effective suppression of sea, rain, ground clutter and chaff

• Flexible adaptation of volumetric scanning and waveforms to the various radar tasks

with scenario and environment-adapted operational modes

• Doppler processing - (MTD) Doppler Filter Bank for sea, rain and land clutter

suppression with radial velocity measuring

• Separate air and surface target channels, each with adaptive detection thresholds

• Calculation of the required target data and determination of target type

• High ECM resistance

• Built-in test equipment (BITE) for on-line checks and to facilitate fault localization

ECCM characteristics of the MAARS are based on:

• Low antenna side lobe levels

• High angular resolution in azimuth against main lobe jamming

• Pulse compression for suppression of broadband pulse jammers

• Pulse-pulse and burst-to-burst agility for:

― radar frequency

―pulse repetition frequency

― pulse length

― signal coding to reduce deception jamming

• Pseudo-random frequency selection over the frequency band to counter spot jammers

• MTD processing to improve signal-to-clutter ratio and reduce the effects of chaff

• Jam detector for continuously monitoring the RF environment to provide information

on jamming activity

• Adaptive Doppler-selective CFAR

• Automatic jammer avoidance circuit (AJAC) to select the least jammed frequencies

• Сoherent sidelobe cancellation (CSLC) and sidelobe blanking (SLB)

Operating console

(option)

Power supplies unit

Antenna servo unit with

slip-ring and rotary joint

IFF antennaActive Phase Array Antenna

with digital beamformer,

signal and data processor

MAARS configuration

Control unit

Technical Characteristics

1. Frequency band C-band (NATO G-band)

2. Elevation coverage up to 70° (depending on operational mode)

3. Height coverage up to 20 km

4. Operational modes:

- Extended Long Range mode instrumental range up to 200 km

- Long Range mode instrumental range up to 150 km

- Medium Range mode instrumental range up to 100 km

- Short Range modes instrumental range up to 60 km

5. Rotation speed 12; 30; 60 r.p.m., selectable

6. Beam width (at -3dB):

- Vertical (elevation) θε 5.7°

- Horizontal θβ 1.6°

7. Number of elevation phased array beams for reception - 12

Typical Detection Ranges

Operational modes Antenna

rotation

time

RCS Detection range for PD =0.5; PF = 10-6

D, km

interference-free

conditions

4 mm/h

rain length=60 km

10 mm/h

rain length=30 km

Extended Long Range

ε≤ 605 sec

bomber σ =10 m2 165 148 130

surface target

(frigate)

Radio horizon under normal refraction;

200 km under superrefraction

Long Range

ε≤ 300

5 sec

missile σ =0,03 m2 27 24 21

fighter σ =2 m2 100 89 80

attack aircraft

σ =5 m2120 107 95

bomber σ =10 m2 140 123 110

surface target

(frigate)



Medium Range

ε≤ 700

2 sec

missile σ =0,03 m223 20 18

fighter σ =2 m2 70 63 55

attack aircraft

σ =5 m285 75 65

surface target

(frigate)



Short Range

ε≤ 700

1 sec

missile σ =0,03 m2 20 18 17

fighter σ =2 m2 50 45 40

surface target

(frigate)



Antenna

height = 15 m

Missile

σ =0,03 m2

Fighter

σ =2 m2

Coverage Diagram For Low-Flying Target

BF

U 2

5

(SL

C1)

Ho

rizo

nta

l b

ea

mfo

rmin

g u

nit (

BF

U1)

Radiator 1

Radiator 64

Transmitter

module 1

Receiver

module 1

F S

F IF

test

FG1 , FG2

Ho

rizo

nta

l b

ea

mfo

rmin

g u

nit

(BF

U2

4)

Transmitter

module 24

Receiver

module 24

F S

F IF

test

FG1 , FG2

Rad.1

Rad.4

Receiver

Unit 25

FIF

testcontrol

FG1 , FG2

BF

U 2

6

(SL

C2)

Rad.1

Rad.4

Receiver

Unit 26

FIF

test

FG1 , FG2

Mic

row

ave

sw

itch

Test

Rad.F S test Receiver

Unit 27

FIF

control

test

FG1 , FG2

AttF S test

IFF

An

ten

na

Rad.1

Rad.N

controltest

S IFF

D IFF

Sle

ep

rin

g2

-Ch

an

ne

l

Ro

tary

jo

int

to CMS

Ve

rtic

al B

ea

mfo

rmin

g

un

it (

BF

U1

)L

O p

ow

er

div

ide

r G

1L

O p

ow

er

div

ide

r 2

ADC

FS,FCl

ADC

FS,FCl

ADC

FS,FCl

ADC

FS,FCl

Control&

Synchroniz.

SLC Antenna 1

SLC Antenna 2

Testing Unit

IFF Unit

Excite

rP

ha

se

s d

istr

ibu

tio

n

pro

ce

sso

r FG1

FG1

F S

FClock

Fsampl

Antenna system (main channels)

test

Dj

Cos aУ

N λ, Dj

Control and

test unit

Synchronizer

Stabilization

processor

Ca

libra

tio

n p

roce

sso

rM

ulti-C

ha

nn

el

Be

am

form

er

Un

it

Beamformer

12-C

ha

nn

el S

ide

-lo

be

ca

nce

ller

I1

Q1

I24

Q24

IB1

QB1

IB12

QB12

FSampl,FClock

Optimal Filter

1

Optimal Filter

12

IB12'

QB12'

IB1'

QB1'

Noncogerent

Detector1

Cogerent Detector1

Noncogerent

Detector 12

Cogerent Detector

12 Dis

tan

ce

an

d a

ng

le c

oo

rdin

ate

s

me

asu

rin

g u

nit

Signal Processing Unit

Target trajectory

detector

Tracking filters Target

coordinates and

parameters of

movementTarget recognition

Data Processing Unit

Dj

FIF

FIF

FIF SLC1

FIF SLC2

Inte

rfa

ce

un

it

Synchronization, control and calibration unit

Power

unit 1Power

unit 6

Power

unit 7

=280 V

+ 27 V, +5 V, -5 V

Power unit DC/DC

+27 V

Inte

rfa

ce

un

it

Gate

way,

BIT

Pro

cessor

Co

ntr

ol P

roce

sso

r

Co

ntr

ol S

ign

.

Dj

IBnk , QBnk

Datagramms

Testing

Infomation

Navigation

Information

Management and control unit

Co

olin

g U

nit

Heading

sensor

Azim

uth

se

rvo

-drive

Po

we

r U

nit +

Ce

rvo

Un

it

PDU

Co

ntr

ol sig

na

ls

50

Hz 2

20

V

50 Hz 220 V

50 Hz 220 V

IFF

g

g

ISLC1

QSLC1

ISLC2

QSLC2

Ethernet

Radiator 1

Radiator 64

control

control

control

Navigation Information

to power supply unit

Block – diagram MAARS

Multibeam Receive Pattern

0

-30

-5

-10

-20

5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75

-15

-25

-5

-15

Elevation above horizon, deg.

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

-6

0

6

12

18

24

30

36


dBTransmit pattern for Short and Medium range mode


dBTransmit pattern for Long range mode

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

-6

0

6

12

18

24

30

36

Active Phased Array Antenna (APAA) Characteristics

24 radiating strip-line rows

24 transmit modules with GaN amplifiers

24 receive modules

Shape and number of beams are programmable

Electronic stabilization of the antenna beam

Elevation angle is determined using monopulse techniques

Antenna Assembly General Drawing

Front View Side View

Horizontal beamforming unit with radiators

1

2

3

4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

VS

WR

THETA, deg

VSWR for the radiated aperture

5.2GHz

5.525GHz

5.85GHz

Antenna Assembly General Drawing

Rear View

MAARS XTAR-3D/LEADS

TRS-3D

Thales SMART-SMk2

SaabSea Giraffe AMB

Thales MRR-3D NG

Bandwidth (NATO) G Band X Band G Band E/F-Band G Band G Band

Instrumented range60/100/150/200

km50/75 km 200 km 150/250 km 30/60/100/180 km 180 km

Scan rate 12/30/60 rpm 30/15 rpm 30/60 rpm 27/13.5 rpm 30/60 rpm 10/30 rpm

Elevation coverage 16/30/70° > 50° 55°/70° 70° 70° 70°

Beamwidtn (Az-El) 1.6°- 5.7° 1.8°- 6° 1.8°- 8° 2°- 6° 2°- 7° 2°-

Accuracy (Az-El) 0.2°-0.4° 0.3°-0.4° 0.3°- 0.6° 0.3°- 0.6° 0.2°-0.6° 0.3°-

Elevation receive

pattern

Multibeam with

digital

beamforming

Multibeam with

digital beamformingElevation scanning

Multibeam with

digital

beamforming

Multibeam with

digital

beamforming

Elevation scanning

Number of beams up to 12 up to 12 up to 12 up to 12

Transmitter type

Transistor power

amplifier in each

of phased array

rows

Mini travelling-

wave tube (TWT)

in each of phased

array rows

Klystron amplifier Vacuum tube TWT Vacuum tube

Cooling type Air self-contained Air self-contained Liquid Liquid Air -

Stabilization Electronic Electronic / mechanical

Electronic / mechanical Electronic Electronic Electronic

Rotary drive Direct drive

Antenna weight/

Under deck devices

weight

850 kg/

280 kg550 kg

600kg/

2100 kg

1150kg/

860 kg

660 kg/

1270 kg

-

-

Consumed power 10 kVA 27.5 kVA 35 kVA -

Radars Summary Performance

(maars) multi - beam active phased array radar naval...

Documents