Management for Professionals

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10101

Satinder Dhiman • Joan MarquesEditors

New Horizons in Positive Leadership and ChangeA Practical Guide for Workplace Transformation

EditorsSatinder DhimanSchool of BusinessWoodbury UniversityBurbank, CA, USA

Joan MarquesSchool of BusinessWoodbury UniversityBurbank, CA, USA

ISSN 2192-8096 ISSN 2192-810X (electronic)Management for ProfessionalsISBN 978-3-030-38128-8 ISBN 978-3-030-38129-5 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38129-5

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AGThe registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

This volume is dedicated to all seekers of positive leadership and change who aspire to lead a life of purpose, meaning, and contribution for the common good.

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Preface

Leadership has always been more challenging during difficult times. In a world beset with rising international terrorism, economic uncertainties, and flagrant viola-tion of human values, many believe that leaders have lost their moral bearings. The unique leadership challenges facing organizations throughout the world today call for an even greater renewed focus on what constitutes “authentic, inclusive, servant, transformational, principled, values-based, and mindful” leadership. The concepts presented in this book are of universal import. That is, they are applicable to all spheres of life and leadership. The alchemy of transformation in life is not any dif-ferent than that of leadership. Discipline, humility, and right attitude are as critical in life as they are in leadership. Nobody has ever become a great leader without first becoming a good human being.

In essence, authors write every book on leadership for the sole purpose of gain-ing some clarity on our own part about the timeless art and science of leadership. Rumi, the great Persian poet, said it so well: “You are the only student you have; all others eventually leave.” Likewise, this book is submitted as a humble offering in the spirit of sharing with the fellow travelers of some lessons incidentally found along the way. The wisdom of leadership is as old as hills. Peter F. Drucker once told one of the editors that the person who supervised the construction of pyramids in ancient Egypt probably knew more about leadership than any CEO of a modern Fortune 500 company!

We believe that the solution to the current leadership crisis lies in leaders’ self- cultivation process, emanating from their deepest values and culminating in their contribution to the common good. Traditional approaches to leadership rarely pro-vide any permeating or systematic framework to garner a sense of higher purpose or nurture deeper moral and spiritual dimensions of leaders. Learning to be an effec-tive leader requires a deep personal transformation on the part of the leaders. Achieving insight into the art and science of exemplary leadership is not as easy as it may seem. While some people may self-develop toward personal and professional mastery, many people need specific guidelines. This book provides those guidelines.

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There is nothing more exciting in life than inspiring excellence in oneself and in others. This volume is a humble offering of 37 scholars and practitioners from around the world to the exciting adventure of excellence in leading and managing change.

Bon voyage and Godspeed!

Burbank, CA, USA Satinder Dhiman Joan Marques

Preface

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Contents

1 Anatomy of Positive Leadership: Authentic, Principled and Service Oriented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Satinder Dhiman

2 Awakened Leaders and Conscious Followers: Leading Mindful Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Joan Marques

3 Servant Leadership and Change: A Review of the Literature . . . . . . . 33Gary Roberts

4 Servant Leadership as a Pathway to a Sustainable Future . . . . . . . . . . 65Christopher G. Beehner

5 Overcoming the Blind Spot of Positive Leadership: Authenticity Amidst Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Petros G. Malakyan, Wenli Wang, and Steven P. Niles

6 Organizational Spiritual Maturity: A Goal of Positive Leaders and Direction for Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Adam S. Freer and Peter J. Robertson

7 Building Relational Bridges: The Inclusive Spirit of Servant-Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Dung Q. Tran, Larry C. Spears, and Michael R. Carey

8 Spirituality, Success, and Happiness: Implications for Leadership in Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Rohana Ulluwishewa, Anura Uthumange, and Ranisha Weerakoon

9 Values-Based Leadership: Exploring Exemplary Approaches . . . . . . . 159Elizabeth F. R. Gingerich

10 Leading Positive Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175Lesley Clack

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11 Creative Minds of Leaders in Psychobiographical Perspectives: Exploring the Life and Work of Christiaan Barnard and Angela Merkel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Claude-Hélène Mayer and Roelf van Niekerk

12 Finding the Key to Positive Leadership: Applying Virtue Ethics and Inclusivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Kerri Cissna and H. Eric Schockman

13 Mindfulness and Spirituality: An Enhanced Leadership Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229Kanti Mohan Saini and Orneita Burton

14 Improving Engagement During Times of Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Melissa A. Norcross and Patrick Farran

15 Collaborative and Spiritual Inquiry: Positive Leadership in Organizational Change and Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269Sonya Sharififard, Charles Opong, and Asia Ghazi

16 Intercultural Leadership: An Indigenous Perspective in a Multicultural World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285Francisco J. Rosado-May, Valeria B. Cuevas-Albarrán, and Nelsy F. Jimenez Pat

17 Transforming Shame in the Workplace, Leadership and Organisation: Contributions of Positive Psychology Movements to the Discourse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Claude-Hélène Mayer

18 Developing Positive Leadership Through Literature: Towards a Human-Centric Model of Leadership and Management . . . . . . . . . . 333Nidhi Kaushal and Sanjit Mishra

19 The Discerning Capacity of Generative Leaders: Achieving Success Flowing with Synchronicity Moments . . . . . . . . . . . 349Portia L. Brown

20 Authentic Leadership: Leading with Purpose, Meaning and Core Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369Omowumi Ogunyemi and Kemi Ogunyemi

21 New Horizons in Transformational Leadership: A Vedāntic Perspective on Values-Based Leadership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Satinder Dhiman and Varinder Kumar

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Contents

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About the Editors

Satinder Dhiman Recognized as a lead thinker for his pioneer contributions to the field of transformational leadership, workplace spirituality, workplace well-being, sustainability, and fulfillment in personal and professional arena, Professor Satinder Dhiman is a sought-after keynote speaker at regional, national, and international conferences. In 2013, he was invited to be the opening speaker at the prestigious TEDx Conference at College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, California. Since then, he has led several major national and inter-national conferences as co-organizer and as track chair.

With an instructional and research focus on leader-ship and organizational behavior—and with specific concentration on sustainability, workplace spirituality, and well-being—he  completed his PhD in Social Sciences from Tilburg University, Netherlands; his EdD in Organizational Leadership from Pepperdine University,  Los Angeles; his MBA from West Coast University, Los Angeles; and his master’s degree in Commerce from Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, having earned the Gold Medal. He has also completed advanced Executive Leadership Programs at Harvard University, Stanford University, and Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Recipient of several national and international aca-demic and professional honors, he won the Woodbury University Ambassador of the Year Award in 2015 and 2017; MBA Professor of the Year Award in 2015; Scholarly and Creative Writing Award in 2019; Most Valuable MBA Professor Award in 2018; Most Inspirational and Most Charismatic MBA Teacher Award in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2018; the Steve Allen

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Excellence in Education Award in 2006, and the presti-gious ACBSP International Teacher of the Year Award in 2004.

Most recently, he chaired a symposium at the Academy of Management that won 2019 Best Symposium Proposal Award.

He has done over 50 conference presentations and more than 50 invited keynotes, plenary sessions, distin-guished key guest lectures, and creative workshops, nationally and internationally; published over 60 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters; and authored, coauthored, coedited, and translated over 25 management-, leadership-, spirituality-, and account-ing-related books and research monographs, including most recently authoring Bhagavad Gītā and Leadership: A Catalyst for Organizational Transformation (2019—Palgrave Macmillan); Managing by the Bhagavad Gītā: Timeless Lessons for Today’s Managers (2018—Springer; with A.  D. Amar); Holistic Leadership: A New Paradigm for Today’s Leaders (Palgrave 2017), Gandhi and Leadership (Palgrave 2015), Seven Habits of Highly Fulfilled People: Journey form Success to Significance (2012); and, with Joan Marques, Spirituality and Sustainability: New Horizons and Exemplary Approaches (Springer 2016), Leadership Today (Springer 2016), and Engaged Leadership: Transforming Through Future-Oriented Design Thinking (Springer, 2018). He has also translated sev-eral Indian spiritual classics into English, including the Sahaja Gītā.

He is the editor in chief of four multiauthor Major Reference Works, Handbook of Engaged Sustainability (2018—Springer International, Switzerland) and The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Fulfillment (2018—Palgrave Macmillan, USA), and of Palgrave Studies in Workplace Spirituality and Fulfillment and lead editor of Springer series “Management, Change, Strategy and Positive Leadership.” Some of his forthcoming titles include Leading Without Power: A Model of Highly Fulfilled Leaders (2020—Palgrave Macmillan); Conscious Consumption: Healthy, Humane, and Sustainable Living (2020—Routledge, UK); Wise Leadership for Turbulent Times (2020—Routledge, UK; with Mark Kriger); editor in chief, Palgrave Handbook of

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Workplace Wellbeing—A Major Reference Work (2020), and Routledge Companion to Mindfulness at Work (2020).

Currently, he serves as the associate dean, chair, and director of the MBA Program and as the professor of Management at Woodbury University, Burbank, California. He has served as the chair for a special MBA Program for the Mercedes- Benz executives, China. Dr. Dhiman also serves as accreditation consul-tant, evaluator, and site visit team leader for the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP) for various universities in America, Canada, Europe, and Asia.

He is the founder-director of Forever Fulfilled, a Los Angeles-based well-being consultancy that focuses on workplace wellness, workplace spirituality, and self- leadership. He has served as the president of the International Chamber for Service Industry (ICSI) from 2016 to 2018 and now serves as a patron.

Joan Marques has reinvented herself from a success-ful media and social entrepreneur in Suriname, South America, to an innovative “edupreneur” (educational entrepreneur) in California, USA. Her entrepreneurial career spans over four decades and includes the cre-ation and successful management of companies in pub-lic relations and advertising, import and export, real estate, media productions, and nonprofit, focusing on women’s advancement. In the United States, she has been a co-founder of the Business Renaissance Institute and the Academy of Spirituality and Professional Excellence (ASPEX).

Based on her impressive career and ongoing influ-ence, she was awarded in 2015 the highest state decora-tion of her home country, Suriname: Commander (Commandeur) in the Honorary Order of the Yellow Star. That same year, she was also awarded the Dr. Nelle Becker-Slaton Pathfinder Award from the Association of Pan-African Doctoral Scholars in Los Angeles for her exemplary and groundbreaking profes-sional performance. In 2016, she won the Woodbury Faculty Scholarly Creative Award as well as the Woodbury Faculty Ambassador Award, both awarded by Woodbury University’s Faculty Association.

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She completed her PhD in Social Sciences (Buddhist Psychology in Management) from Tilburg University’s Oldendorff Graduate School, her EdD in Organizational Leadership (Workplace Spirituality) from Pepperdine University’s Graduate School of Education and Psychology, her MBA from Woodbury University, and her BSc in Business Economics from MOC, Suriname. Additionally, she has completed her postdoctoral work at Tulane University’s Freeman School of Business.

She is a frequent speaker and presenter at academic and professional venues. In 2016, she gave a TEDx Talk at College of the Canyons in California, titled “An Ancient Path Towards a Better Future,” in which she analyzed the Noble Eightfold Path, one of the founda-tional Buddhist practices, within the realm of contem-porary business performance. She also presented at the Kravis Leadership Institute, Claremont McKenna College, as a female leader during the annual Women and Leadership Alliance (WLA) conference, resulting in the collective work Women’s Leadership Journeys: Stories, Research, and Novel Perspectives (Routledge, 2019) in which she contributed the chapter, “Courage: Mapping the Leadership Journey.” She annually con-ducts presentations at the Academy of Management and at business venues in Los Angeles as well as for professional audiences in Miami and Suriname, South America.

Her research interests pertain to awakened leader-ship, Buddhist psychology in management, and work-place spirituality. Her works have been widely published and cited in both academic and popular ven-ues. She has written more than 150 scholarly articles, which were published in prestigious scholarly journals such as The Journal of Business Ethics, Business & Society, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Journal of Communication Management, Journal of Management Development, and Human Resource Development Quarterly. She has (co)authored and (co)edited more than 20 books, among which Lead with Heart in Mind: Treading the Noble Eightfold Path For Mindful and Sustainable Practice (Springer, 2019); The Routledge Companion to Management and Workplace Spirituality; Engaged Leadership: Transforming Through Future-Oriented Design

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Thinking (with Satinder Dhiman  – Springer, 2018); Ethical Leadership: Progress with a Moral Compass (Routledge, 2017); Leadership: Finding Balance Between Ambition and Acceptance (Routledge, 2016); Leadership Today: Practices for Personal and Professional Performance (with Satinder Dhiman—Springer, 2016); Business and Buddhism (Routledge, 2015); and Leadership and Mindful Behavior: Action, Wakefulness, and Business (Palgrave MacMillan, 2014).

She currently serves as dean at Woodbury University’s School of Business, Burbank, California, where she works on infusing and nurturing the concept of “business with a conscience” into internal and exter-nal stakeholders. She is also a full professor of Management and teaches business courses related to leadership, ethics, creativity, social entrepreneurship, and organizational behavior in graduate and undergrad-uate programs.

She is a member of the executive committee of the Management, Spirituality & Religion interest group of the Academy of Management, where she serves as the officer for Membership and Community Building. As such, she conducted workshops on qualitative research methods to global cohorts of doctoral students in 2018 and 2019.

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About the Contributing Authors

Christopher  G.  Beehner is a business professor at Seminole State College of Florida and has taught as an adjunct professor for several colleges and universities. He earned his Doctor of Business Administration degree from Northcentral University and his Master of Public Administration degree from City University of Seattle. He was employed in various leadership roles in supply chain management prior to his current career in academia. He has published, presented, and served as a panelist globally on topics related to workplace spirituality, sustainable business, and leadership. His books include Spirituality, Sustainability, and Success: Concepts and Cases, published in 2019 by Palgrave Macmillan, and System Leadership for Sustainability, scheduled for release in early 2020 by Routledge.

Portia L. Brown is an independent researcher and consultant. Her graduate studies at Kent State University focused on organizational development and more specifi-cally on leadership. Her postdoctorate certification in organization and systems development at the Gestalt Institute of Cleveland concentrated on the larger per-spective of how our personal and professional selves intersect and at our best will lead to successfully meeting our goals. She has consulted for the World Bank Group’s Leadership and Organizational Effectiveness section of Human Resources and assigned to conflict countries in Africa and the Middle East. She has also taught leadership issues in management in Ursuline College’s Socially Conscious Masters of Business Administration Program, helping students understand their intraper-sonal issues and how leadership tasks are influenced by them. She is continuing her research on developing and integrating our spiritual intelligence to help leaders move through uncertain times.

Orneita  Burton is professor of Management and Information Systems in the College of Business Administration at Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX. Her research includes studies in various forms of light and dark spirituality and the effect each form has on the psychosocial and economic conditions of people. Her research is drawn from studies on the interaction of people with technology in orga-nizational settings and how we are changed and create change in socio-technical relationships. She has worked in recent years to apply research methods and

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philosophies developed within traditional intellectual disciplines to guide the devel-opment of rigorous and relevant research approaches in the domain of management, spirituality, and religion. Her work informs leadership in the design of systems and global communities to create positive environments for human flourishing.

Michael R. Carey PhD, is associate professor of Organizational Leadership at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington; he also serves as the coordinator of the Servant Leadership Concentration and as chairperson in the Department of Organizational Leadership, School of Leadership Studies.  He has been an educator in a variety of Catholic schools over the last 45 years, teaching primary, secondary, undergraduate, and graduate students, and has served as an administrator in a sec-ondary school and at Gonzaga University, most recently as the dean of the Virtual Campus which oversaw the development and support of online graduate programs at Gonzaga.  His research interests are transforming leadership and servant leader-ship, and his focus is on developmental theory and the individual’s search for mean-ing within the experience of community.  He has also drawn on the history of this search for meaning, specifically using Benedictine spirituality, Ignatian spirituality, and ancient sources of wisdom.

Lesley Clack is an assistant professor of Health Policy and Management and coor-dinator of the Master of Health Administration Program at the University of Georgia in Athens, GA. Her teaching and research interests span across the healthcare man-agement spectrum, focusing on the areas of organizational behavior, human resource management, quality improvement, and strategic management. She completed her Doctor of Science degree in Health Systems Management from Tulane University in New Orleans, LA; her Master of Science degree in Counseling Psychology from the University of West Alabama in Livingston, AL; and her Bachelor of Science degree in Biological Science from the University of Georgia in Athens, GA.

Valeria B. Cuevas-Albarrán holds a PhD in Management and Marketing from the Universidad Popular Autónoma de Puebla (UPAEP), Mexico. A full-time faculty at the Intercultural Maya University of Quintana Roo (UIMQRoo), Mexico, she heads the Center for Intercultural Business and coordinates the academic program on business development engineering, with an intercultural approach. Her research field focuses on consumer behavior and culture and ethnomarketing mainly in indigenous communities, both in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, and abroad. In Yucatec Maya communities, her research has been key in understanding factors that explain success or failure in business developed by indigenous people.

Satinder Dhiman School of Business, Woodbury University, Burbank, CA, USA

Patrick Farran 25+ year career as a senior organizational leader and consultant, with specialties in organizational development, HR, IT, operations, and analytics, spans multiple industries (professional services, government, healthcare, education, nonprofits, manufacturing, financial services, insurance, high-tech, energy) and

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includes service to start-ups, nonprofits, mergers and acquisitions, global organiza-tions, and Fortune 100. He founded and currently serves as the CEO of Ad Lucem Group, an organizational growth consulting firm. He jointly holds a post with the University of Notre Dame serving as the associate director for Graduate Business Career Services, coaching full-time MBA students focused on careers in consulting, strategy, and entrepreneurship. He completed his BS in Chemistry/Education from the University of Illinois at Champaign, his MBA from DePaul University, and his PhD in Values-Driven Leadership from Benedictine University’s Center for Values- Driven Leadership. He researches and writes on topics of organizational change, culture transformation, work meaningfulness, and engagement.

Adam S. Freer seeks to improve the well-being of others by applying an inte-grated, theological, human service and public administration lens through which to better understand organizations, leadership, and management. His professional experience includes national nonprofit leadership roles in the areas of human traf-ficking and child sexual exploitation and public sector experience in early child-hood, youth, and families. He is a public sector administrator serving as the program supervisor for the Children, Youth and Families Division of the Health and Human Services in Washington County Oregon. He completed his Master of Divinity degree from Princeton Theological Seminary, his Master of Social Work Administration degree from Rutgers University, and his Doctorate in Policy, Planning, and Development from the Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California. He currently lives in Beaverton, Oregon, with his wife and two daughters.

Asia  Ghazi is currently working toward completing her EdD in Organizational Leadership at Pepperdine University. She completed her Business Administration degree from California State University, Northridge, and her master’s degree in Human Resource Management from DeVry University. She is concurrently work-ing on her master’s degree in Business Administration with a concentration in Project Management. Among her professional honors, she was recently recognized for growth in leadership development and supporting distinguished division and area directors with District 52 under Toastmasters International. She is also an exec-utive speaker and an organizational development trainer. She consults entrepreneurs and small businesses in the areas of leadership and human resources, advocating bringing the “humanness” back into human resources. Her research and work include women in leadership as this is her passion and will be the focus of her upcoming dissertation. Asia will host the forthcoming podcast, The Creative Woman Leader, where she will interview leaders in business and speak on topics which focus on women leaders.

Elizabeth  F.  R.  Gingerich is the  Louis and Mary Morgal Chair in Christian Business Ethics at Valparaiso University and a professor of International Trade and Business Law in its College of Business. She serves as editor in chief of the Journal of Values-Based Leadership—an international journal featuring articles submitted by noted politicians, business leaders, and academicians. Additionally, she has been

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a national and international presenter of research in intellectual property, clean energy development, and sustainability reporting. Her work in tort remedies, bind-ing arbitration, shareholder interest compromise, and renewable energy develop-ment has been widely published. She is author of a business law textbook, focusing on the impact of climate change on major business sectors. A practitioner for over 36 years, her primary fields of concentration include general trial litigation, com-mercial transactions, tax, real estate, estate planning, and employment law. She is a member of both the Indiana and Virginia State Bar Associations.

Kerri Cissna teaches leadership and communication and philanthropy for social change at Pepperdine. She is a producer at Inspired Life Films and the founder of Inspired Life Consulting. She was formerly the assistant vice-chancellor (fund-raiser) at the Graduate School of Education and Psychology and the Leadership Development coordinator for the undergraduate school. She is a published author, speaker, and consultant and also is a board member for Cause for Celebration, host-ing birthday parties in shelters across Los Angeles.

She founded the Crossing Boundaries Leadership Institute in Lausanne, Switzerland, the Student Leadership Conference, the LEADership themed House at Pepperdine University, Project LEAD, and graduate assistantships and was a found-ing member of the Sophomore Experience Task Force, the Center for Women in Leadership, and the Digital Women’s Project at Pepperdine. She also founded the Lifelong Learning Lecture Series for women.

Nidhi  Kaushal is a scholar of Management Studies at Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. She completed her master’s degree in Business Administration and her bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from Kurukshetra University, India. She has been interested in the research works related to entrepreneurship, leader-ship, literature, management, and indigenous studies. During her PhD studies, she has identified the indigenous studies of literature and folklore related to leadership and management and presented her work in various international conferences and research publications across the globe. She has worked at many managerial and academic positions. Being a research fellow, she is also an event organizer and has organized conferences and other related events in the Institute. She is exploring leadership with the study of creative writings, which is her contribution to her aca-demic research. This area will not only enrich management studies but also become immensely useful for entrepreneurs.

Varinder Kumar serves as the department chairperson and as associate professor in Commerce in Postgraduate Department of Commerce, Government College, Kapurthala (North India), with more than 30 years of teaching experience. He has authored more than 25 books on business communication, soft skills, human values and professional ethics, and Indian diversity and business, which are widely pre-scribed by different Indian universities. His areas of interest include spirituality at workplace, transformational leadership, diversity, and creativity. His research works include articles like “The Role of Spirituality and Ethics in Transformational

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Leadership” and “Celebrating Diversity Through Spirituality in the Workplace: Transforming Organizations Holistically,” published in The Journal of Value Based Leadership.

Petros G. Malakyan PhD, is the department head of Organizational Leadership in the School of Informatics, Humanities, and Social Sciences at Robert Morris University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. He completed his terminal degrees from the Graduate School of Intercultural Studies, Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, California, in 1998, and served as professor and chair of Undergraduate Leadership Studies, associate professor and program director of Master of Arts in Organizational Leadership Program, and leadership coach, mentor, and educator in four universities in the United States and abroad. He has created and taught two dozens of leadership courses in 11 counties. His research focuses on leadership, followership, and leader-follower relationships in organizations across cultures. Furthermore, he has published in the Journal of Leadership Studies, Journal of Organizational Psychology, International Journal of Doctoral Studies, Journal of Leadership, Accountability, and Ethics, International Journal of Social Science Research, and others.

Claude-Hélène Mayer is a professor in Industrial and Organizational Psychology in the Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management at the University of Johannesburg; an adjunct professor at the European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder), Germany; and a senior research associate at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. She holds a PhD in Psychology (University of Pretoria, South Africa), a PhD in Management (Rhodes University, South Africa), a Doctorate in Political Sciences (Georg-August University, Germany), and a Habilitation in Psychology with a focus on work, organizational, and cultural psy-chology (European University Viadrina, Germany). She has published several monographs, text collections, accredited journal articles, and special issues on transcultural mental health, sense of coherence, shame, transcultural conflict man-agement and mediation, women in leadership, creativity, and psychobiography.

Sanjit  Mishra completed his PhD in Indian Writing in English from Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (India). He is associate professor of English in the Applied Science and Engineering Department of Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. He has a teaching experience of almost two decades in different govern-ment colleges/universities including 10 years in IIT Roorkee where he has been actively engaged in research and other academic activities. He has successfully guided as many as ten doctoral dissertations mostly related to English studies. His academic interests include Indian writing in English, modernist literature, postcolo-nial writings, eco-criticism, and contemporary critical theories. He has also been delivering invited talks in different colleges and universities across the country on subjects as varied as literature, culture, communication, and indigenous studies. In fact, many of his significant research papers are on the writings of Amitav Ghosh.

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Steven  P.  Niles studied Historical Musicology and Music Education at the University of Southern California, where he completed a Doctor of Musical Arts. He teaches music history and music performance at Los Angeles City College. He has performed as piano soloist in several continents and taught master classes on music pedagogy and performance practice at institutions in the United States, China, and Taiwan. He has commissioned and premiered numerous works by con-temporary composers. He is an active contributor to journals and news publications, writing on the role of mindfulness in music performance and other topics.

Melissa A. Norcross is a veteran strategy executive and consultant with a career that spans three continents and multiple industries. She previously served as the chief strategy officer for Ontario Systems, a technology company in the finance space and now works in Strategy at USAA. Since 2007, she has served as a modera-tor for executive councils at Collaborative Gain, facilitating peer networks of senior executives in the digital and technology space. She completed her BS in Engineering from MIT, her MBA from Harvard Business School, and her PhD in Values-Driven Leadership from Benedictine University. She was awarded the inaugural Class of ’67 Leadership Research Fellowship at the US Naval Academy. She researches and writes on topics of organizational change, team performance, and humility and teaches on organizational change and strategy for the Naval Postgraduate School and Emeritus, an organization founded by the business schools at MIT, Columbia and Dartmouth.

Kemi Ogunyemi associate professor, is the director of the Christopher Kolade Centre for Research in Leadership and Ethics at Lagos Business School,  Pan- Atlantic University, Nigeria. She completed her LLB degree from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria; LLM from the University of Strathclyde, UK; and MBA and PhD degrees from Lagos Business School. She teaches business ethics, manage-rial anthropology, self-leadership, and sustainability management at Lagos Business School and is the academic director of the School’s Senior Management Program. Her consulting and research interests include personal ethos and organi-zational culture, responsible leadership and sustainability, and work-life ethic. She has authored over 30 articles, case studies, book chapters, and the book Responsible Management: Understanding Human Nature, Ethics and Sustainability and has also edited a three-volume key resource for educators, Teaching Ethics Across the Management Curriculum, Volume II: Principles and Applications. Kemi worked as director, team lead, and mentor in projects of the Women’s Board (ECS) before joining LBS.

Omowumi  Ogunyemi obtained her first degree in Medicine and Surgery and worked in various hospitals in Nigeria. She completed her licentiate degree and doctorate in philosophy (Anthropology and Ethics) summa cum laude from the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross, Rome.  She attended the international school of interdisciplinary research in Rome (Scuola Internazionale Superiore per la Ricerca Interdisciplinare (SISRI)) and won the 2014 DISF Award

About the Contributing Authors

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(Documentazione Interdisciplinare di Scienza e Fede) for best interdisciplinary research paper.  She was a finalist for the Expanded Reason Awards 2018. Currently, she lectures in the Institute of Humanities of the Pan-Atlantic University, Lagos, Nigeria. Her research focuses on interdisciplinary studies between phi-losophy, psychology, and neurosciences. Her specific interests include topics of the temporal experience of humans, narrative self-understanding and its relation-ship to character strengths and virtues, the application of a multidisciplinary approach to narrativity for self-development, character building, value education, and self-development.

Charles Opong is a PhD student at Pepperdine University in the Graduate School of Education and Psychology, focusing on the degree of Global Leadership and Change. His professional repertoire include, and are not limited to, community case management, academic provision, and behavioral support for African-American students in middle and high schools and African-American achievement for school districts and nonprofit organizations. He is a researcher and advocate for improving outcomes of African-American students and families and is also a best practice consultant for African-American families in South Los Angeles. His research pas-sions include positive outcomes for Black men and boys, critical race theory, and endarkened feminist epistemology and mainly specialize in critical media analysis of people from the diaspora. His dissertation is on foster care policy and how it affects American and global society and his policy interests are prison reform policy and urban educational policy.

Nelsy F. Jiménez Pat holds a master’s degree on Business Administration. She is faculty at the Intercultural Maya University of Quintana Roo (UIMQRoo), Mexico, where she is a member of the Center for Intercultural Business. She teaches courses related to business administration to students pursuing a degree on business devel-opment, with an intercultural approach. Of Maya origin, her field of research includes understanding how indigenous people in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, develop and ran their business, mostly understanding the cultural factors that explain their successes or failures.

Gary  Roberts PhD, is a professor and director of the Master of Public Administration (MPA) Program in the Robertson School of Government, Regent University, with teaching interests in human resource management and nonprofit administration. He has held a variety of positions in human resource management within the local government, the nonprofit sector, and the private industry and serves on several nonprofit boards. His research interests include servant leadership within the human resource management system and the influence of spiritual intelligence on personal and organizational well-being. With 5 books and 50 plus articles and book chapters, he has published extensively primarily in the area of human resource management. His latest books include Working with Christian Servant Leadership Spiritual Intelligence: The Foundation of Vocational Success and Servant Leader Human Resource Management: A Moral and Spiritual Perspective.

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Peter J. Robertson is an associate professor at the USC Sol Price School of Public Policy. His scholarly interests focus on the development of collaborative organiza-tional systems that enhance the quality of life for human beings, their communities, and the natural environment. The foci of his latest publications include conceptual papers proposing a set of organizing principles for collaborative organizational and governance systems, investigations into real-world efforts to create collaborative interorganizational systems, and agent-based computer simulations exploring the dynamics of collaborative decision-making mechanisms. Earlier research has addressed issues pertaining to interorganizational networks, employee attitudes and behavior, the process and outcomes of organizational change, and school-based management as a mechanism for public school reform. This research has been pub-lished in a number of journals and books, and he has provided consulting and train-ing for a variety of organizations.  He is a member of the Academy of Management and the Public Management Research Association.

Francisco J. Rosado-May is a full professor and the founding president of the Intercultural Maya University in José María Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico. His research field and academic training focuses on indigenous food systems, agroecol-ogy, and indigenous culture and education, aiming at developing concepts and methods toward intercultural development by understanding the epistemology of indigenous knowledge and culture, with emphasis on the Maya people, his own ethnicity. His academic experience includes working for the University of California, Santa Cruz, his alma mater, the University of New Mexico, the College of the Atlantic in Maine, the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, and the Universidad de Quintana Roo, Mexico. In addition, he has been a member of the executive commit-tee of the AgroEcology Fund and the Small Grant Program of the UN Development Program for several years. His international experience includes several countries in Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Kanti  Mohan  Saini is an OB and HR area faculty at NL Dalmia Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai (India). His current research passion is at the intersection of management spirituality and religion. At his current work-place, he serves in the research and accreditations committee and conducts teaching at graduate education programs. In his spare time, he enjoys going on meditation retreats to learn and to teach meditations.

H. Eric Schockman is professor of Politics and International Relations as well as coordinator of Humanities and the Center for Leadership at Woodbury University. He completed his PhD from the University of California. He also teaches in the MPA Program at CSU Northridge and in the PhD Program in Global Leadership and Change at Pepperdine University. He has served in numerous high-level staff roles and commission assignments on the state, local, and national level and has previously served as associate dean and associate professor at the USC Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California. He is president and founder of the Global Hunger Foundation, dedicated to helping women in the

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developing world to break the chains of poverty by funding projects designed to provide sustainable agriculture development and organic farming.

Sonya Sharififard is a doctoral student at Pepperdine University. She completed her Master of Arts in Organizational Leadership from Woodbury University, USA, and her Bachelor of Science in Business Management from the Fashion Institute of Design and Merchandising, Los Angeles. She currently co-leads the Critical Thinking Project at Pepperdine where she teaches workshops pertaining to leader-ship, critical thinking, philosophy of teaching and learning, and scholarship. She also coauthored a chapter in Workplace Spirituality and Fulfillment (Palgrave 2018) and has presented at major international conferences, and she serves on the review panel for various associations and institutions in North America, Europe, and Asia. Her research focuses on workplace well-being, policy in higher education, and law.

Larry C. Spears is Servant-Leadership scholar and adjunct faculty for School of Leadership Studies, Gonzaga University (Spokane), and president of the Spears Center for Servant Leadership (Indianapolis). He is editor/author of 15 books on servant leadership and contributing author to 17 additional books edited by others and serves as senior advisory editor of the International Journal of Servant- Leadership. From 1990 to 2007, he served as president and CEO of the Robert K. Greenleaf Center. He has been called one of today’s foremost authorities on servant leadership. He spent time with Robert Greenleaf and first encountered Greenleaf’s writings on servant-leadership in 1982. He is coeditor, contributing author, and creative force behind a series of best-selling servant-leadership antholo-gies, including Reflections on Leadership (1995), Insights on Leadership (1998), Focus on Leadership (2002), Practicing Servant-Leadership (2004), The Spirit of Servant-Leadership (2011), and Conversations on Servant-Leadership (2015). A 2004 television broadcast interview of Spears on NBC’s Dateline was seen by ten million viewers.

Dung  Q.  Tran is an assistant professor of Organizational Leadership in the School of Leadership Studies at Gonzaga University. Working at the nexus of leadership and the humanities, he is interested in how spiritual, ethical, and val-ues-based perspectives shape leader identity development.    He is coeditor of Servant-Leadership and Forgiveness: How Leaders Help Heal the Heart of the World  (SUNY Press, forthcoming—with J.  Song, S.  R. Ferch, and L.  C. Spears).    His scholarship has also appeared in the  International Journal of Servant-Leadership,  Communication Research Trends, Journal of Catholic Education,  and (with M. R. Carey) in the following anthologies: The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being: Reimagining Human Flourishing (Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming); Evolving Leadership for Collective Wellbeing: Lessons for Implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (Emerald, 2019); The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Fulfillment (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018); and  Breaking the Zero- Sum Game: Transforming Societies Through Inclusive Leadership (Emerald, 2017).

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Rohana  Ulluwishewa PhD, is a visiting professor/director (Education and External Relations), Center for Spirituality in Sustainable Business Management, Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. In his 30 years of academic career, he has worked as associate professor at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura and as senior lecturer at the University of Brunei Darussalam and was visiting fellow at Wageningen Agricultural University and Leiden University both in the Netherlands, Leeds University in the United Kingdom, and Massey University in New Zealand. For the last decade, the focus of his research and publications has been on spirituality and sustainability. While his first book on this subject Spirituality and Sustainable Development (Palgrave Macmillan, UK) was honored as a finalist of the International Book Award 2014, the second book Spirituality Demystified: Understanding Spirituality in Rational Terms won the AWCT Award (the highest prize annually awarded in New Zealand for books on body, mind, and spirit) in 2015.

Anura Uthumange is an educator, administrator, and economist with academic, research, and business experience of over 25 years. He currently holds office as the dean of Sri Lanka’s pioneering and largest faculty for management education—the Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura (USJ)—and is also the executive director of its Center for Spirituality in Sustainable Business Management. His academic backdrop ranging from economics to statistics and operational research has enabled him to transcend across vistas of both social sciences and engineering. His research interests lie in the areas of sustainable development, knowledge economics, as well as operations management. He is currently engaged in research activities pertaining to the effec-tiveness of the university life for students’ spiritual transformation and a case study on work orientation and workplace happiness as well as on the power sector reforms and harbor management of Sri Lanka.

Roelf van Niekerk is a professor and head of the Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. He is a registered clinical and industrial psychologist as well as a Chartered human resource practitioner. He obtained his BA Theology, BA Honours (Psychology), and MA in Industrial Psychology at the University of Stellenbosch, his MA in Clinical Psychology and DPhil in Psychology at the University of Port Elizabeth, and his MEd in General Education Theory and Practice at Rhodes University. He was previ-ously employed at the Universities of Port Elizabeth, Free State, Fort Hare, and Rhodes. His research focuses on psychobiographical research projects, particularly in the fields of personality, career, and leadership development. He teaches a range of modules including psychological assessment, career management, organizational development, personality psychology, psychotherapy, and psychopathology.

Wenli  Wang is a professor of Computer and Information Systems at Robert Morris University. She obtained her PhD in Management Science and Information Systems from the University of Texas at Austin in 2000 and subsequently held

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academic posts at Emory University, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, and Trident University. Her research focuses on cybersecurity, health informatics, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence. She has published in the Journal of Economic Theory, Decision Support Systems, IEEE Computer Society journals, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Information Systems Education Journal, Journal of Information Technology Management, Technology in Society, and so on. She has served on the editorial boards of the Journal of Database Management, International Journal of E-business Research, and International Journal of Patient-Centered Healthcare. Her other research interests are organizational behavior, leadership, rich media, ethics, and mindfulness. She received her BS in Computer Engineering and Telecommunications in 1994.

Ranisha Weerakoon is graduate with an honors degree in English Language and Literature from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura (USJ), Sri Lanka, and is currently employed as a research assis-tant at the Dean’s Office of the Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce, at the same university. She is interested in research areas pertaining to spirituality and management as well as business communication, and is a member of the Center for Spirituality in Sustainable Business Management of the faculty. Currently, she is pursuing her Master of Business Administration at the Postgraduate Institute of Management, Sri Lanka.

About the Contributing Authors