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1 Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015 Dr. Mohammad Dawood Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Page 1: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

Medical Image Analysis

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Department of Computer Science

University of MünsterGermany

Page 2: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Recap

Page 3: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

X-Ray

CT

MRI

Larmor frequency

Page 4: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Nuclear Medicine

Page 5: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Nuclear medicine

Function not Density

Oncology/Cancer

Heart tissue viability

Brain dysfunctionepilepsystrokealzheimer

Page 6: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Radioactivity

Bohr’s atomic model

Page 7: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Page 8: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Radioactivity

Isotopes

Page 9: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Radioactivity

1. α decay

2. β- decay

3. β+ decay

Page 10: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

N

Z

Radioactivity

4. Electron capture

5. γ emission

Page 11: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Radioactive penetration

Page 12: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Radioactivity

Law of radioactive decay

Law of attenuation

Page 13: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Isotop Half life4H 9.93696 × 10−23 Seconds26Na 1 Second15O 122 Seconds18F 110 Minutes131I 8 Days137Cs 30 Years239Pu 24.110 Years238U 4.468.000.000 Years

232Th 14.050.000.000 Years

Page 14: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Cyclotron

Page 15: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Cyclotron

particles passing through the gap are accelerated

increase in velocity and mass result in spiral path

Page 16: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Gamma Scintigraphy

Page 17: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Scintigraphy

gamma emitters

99Mo → 99mTc + β⁻ + νe

99mTc → 99Tc + γ

Page 18: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Gamma camera

principle of anger camera

Page 19: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Collimator

Page 20: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Scintillators

Organic crystals, Organic liquidsAnorganic crystals, Plastic

Page 21: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Photomultiplier tube

Page 22: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography)

Page 23: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

SPECT camera

Page 24: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

SPECT camera

Multiple angles

3-6 degrees

ca 15-20 sec per angle

Page 25: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

SPECT camera

Pinhole SPECT

Page 26: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Page 27: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PET(Positron Emission Tomography)

Page 28: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

β+-decay

Positron (e+)

Neutrino (ν)

Electron (e-)

Annihilation

p → n + e+ + e+ + e- → 2

Eγ = 511 keVAngle = 180°

Page 29: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Coincidence Unit

Sorting Unit

ImageReconstruction

PET Image

Detectors

Decay

Millions of events are detected during few minutes of PET scan

Page 30: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PET

Detectors

Page 31: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Page 32: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

X

y

X1

y13),( 11 yxI

PETProjections

Page 33: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

r

)(rI

PETProjections

Page 34: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PETProjections from different angels

r

),( rI

Page 35: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

r

)(0 rP

r

0

PETProjections from different angels

Page 36: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

r

45o

PETProjections from different angels

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

r

90o

PETProjections from different angels

Page 38: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PET

Projection sinogram

Page 39: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PET

Positron range

Page 40: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PET

Non-colinearity

Page 41: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PET

Arc correction

Page 42: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PET

Geometric sensitivity is inhomogeneous

Page 43: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PET

Crystal efficiency normalization

Page 44: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PET

Random and Scatter

Page 45: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

PET

Scatter

Page 46: Medical Image Analysis Dr. Mohammad Dawood Department of Computer Science University of Münster Germany

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Medical Image Analysis, SS-2015

Dr. Mohammad Dawood

Coincidence Unit

Sorting Unit

ImageReconstruction

Decay

Time of flight PET