COMPUTER COMPUTER GRAPHICSGRAPHICS

MELJUN CORTESMELJUN CORTES

COMPUTER GRAPHICSCOMPUTER GRAPHICS

are graphics created using computers and, are graphics created using computers and, more generally, the representation and more generally, the representation and manipulation of pictorial data by a manipulation of pictorial data by a computer. computer.

revolutionized the animation and video revolutionized the animation and video game industry. game industry.

HISTORYHISTORY

The phrase “Computer Graphics” was coined in The phrase “Computer Graphics” was coined in 1960 by William Fetter, a graphic designer for 1960 by William Fetter, a graphic designer for Boeing Boeing

A light pen could be used to draw sketches on A light pen could be used to draw sketches on the computer using Ivan Sutherland's the computer using Ivan Sutherland's revolutionary Sketchpad software. revolutionary Sketchpad software.

The development of Sketchpad made Ivan The development of Sketchpad made Ivan Sutherland the "grandfather" of interactive Sutherland the "grandfather" of interactive computer graphics and graphical user interfaces computer graphics and graphical user interfaces

In 1969, the ACM initiated A Special Interest In 1969, the ACM initiated A Special Interest Group in Graphics (SIGGRAPH) which Group in Graphics (SIGGRAPH) which organizes conferences, graphics standards, and organizes conferences, graphics standards, and publications within the field of computer publications within the field of computer graphics. graphics.

3D graphics was pioneered by Dr Edwin Catmull 3D graphics was pioneered by Dr Edwin Catmull in 1974 in 1974

late 1980s, Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) late 1980s, Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) computers were used to create some of the first computers were used to create some of the first fully computer-generated short films at Pixar fully computer-generated short films at Pixar

1990s in gaming, multimedia and 1990s in gaming, multimedia and animation animation

1996, Quake, one of the first fully 3D 1996, Quake, one of the first fully 3D games, games,

1995, Toy Story, the first full-length 1995, Toy Story, the first full-length computer-generated animation film computer-generated animation film

PIONEERS OF COMPUTER PIONEERS OF COMPUTER GRAPHICSGRAPHICS

Charles Csuri is a pioneer in computer Charles Csuri is a pioneer in computer animation and digital fine art and created the first animation and digital fine art and created the first computer art in 1964 computer art in 1964

Donald P. Greenberg is a leading innovator in Donald P. Greenberg is a leading innovator in computer graphics. computer graphics.

A. Michael Noll was one of the first researchers A. Michael Noll was one of the first researchers to use a digital computer to create artistic to use a digital computer to create artistic patterns and to formalize the use of random patterns and to formalize the use of random processes in the creation of visual arts. processes in the creation of visual arts.

Ivan Edward SutherlandIvan Edward Sutherland Invention of Invention of Sketchpad Sketchpad

Daniel J. SandinDaniel J. Sandin (born 1942) is a video (born 1942) is a video and computer graphics artist/researcher and computer graphics artist/researcher

Steve "Slug" RussellSteve "Slug" Russell is a programmer is a programmer and computer scientist most famous for and computer scientist most famous for creating creating Spacewar!, one of the earliest , one of the earliest videogames

CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER GRAPHICSCOMPUTER GRAPHICS

IMAGEIMAGE picture is an artifact, usually two-dimensional, that has picture is an artifact, usually two-dimensional, that has

a similar appearance to some subject usually a a similar appearance to some subject usually a physical object or a personphysical object or a person

PIXEL PIXEL is the smallest piece of information in an image is the smallest piece of information in an image

GRAPHICSGRAPHICS visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall,

canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform, illustrate, or entertain. inform, illustrate, or entertain.

Rendering Rendering

the process of generating an image from a the process of generating an image from a model, by means of computer programs. model, by means of computer programs.

contain geometry, viewpoint, texture, lighting, contain geometry, viewpoint, texture, lighting, and shading information. and shading information.

3D projection is a method of mapping three 3D projection is a method of mapping three dimensional points to a two dimensional plane. dimensional points to a two dimensional plane. Ray tracing is a technique for generating an image Ray tracing is a technique for generating an image by tracing the path of light through pixels in an by tracing the path of light through pixels in an image plane. image plane.

Shading refers to depicting depth in 3D models or Shading refers to depicting depth in 3D models or illustrations by varying levels of darkness. illustrations by varying levels of darkness. Texture mapping is a method for adding detail, Texture mapping is a method for adding detail, surface texture, or colors to a computer-generated surface texture, or colors to a computer-generated graphic or 3D model.graphic or 3D model.

Volume rendering Volume rendering technique used to display a 2D projection of a technique used to display a 2D projection of a

3D discretely sampled data set. 3D discretely sampled data set.

3D modeling 3D modeling process of developing a mathematical, wire process of developing a mathematical, wire

frame representation of any three-dimensional frame representation of any three-dimensional object via specialized software object via specialized software

IMAGE TYPESIMAGE TYPES

PIXEL (picture element)PIXEL (picture element)PPI (picture per inch) can also describe the PPI (picture per inch) can also describe the

resolution, in pixels, of an image to be printed resolution, in pixels, of an image to be printed within a specified space within a specified space

PIXEL ART PIXEL ART form of digital art, created through the use of form of digital art, created through the use of

raster graphics software, where images are raster graphics software, where images are edited on the pixel level edited on the pixel level

VECTOR GRAPHICSVECTOR GRAPHICSformats are complementary to raster graphics, formats are complementary to raster graphics,

which is the representation of images as an which is the representation of images as an array of pixelsarray of pixels

typically used for the representation of typically used for the representation of photographic images photographic images

3D COMPUTER GRAPHICS3D COMPUTER GRAPHICS

2D COMPUTER GRAPHICS2D COMPUTER GRAPHICS

COMPUTER ANIMATION COMPUTER ANIMATION is the art of creating moving images via the is the art of creating moving images via the

use of computers. It is a subfield of computer use of computers. It is a subfield of computer graphics and animation. graphics and animation.

1D1D

• of or in or along or relating to a line; involving a single dimension; "a linear measurement“

One dimensional One dimensional

2 DIMENSIONAL 2 DIMENSIONAL

mainly used in applications that were originally developed upon traditional printing and drawing technologies, such as typography, cartography, technical drawing, advertising

3 DIMENSIONAL3 DIMENSIONAL

Enhances the illusion of depth perception.

Depth perception is the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions

Depth sensation is the ability to move accurately, or torespond consistently, based on the distances of objects in an environment