menara dayabumi analysis report

Name of Subject : Architecture Culture and History 2

Subject’s Code : ARC 60203

Title : Menara Dayabumi

Submission Date : 18th November 2015

Tutor’s Name : Miss Balkish

Group Members’ Name :

M E N A R A D A Y A B U M I 1

1. Nurina Aida Bt Ghizan 0320035

2. Pablo Idris Bin Badrul Ilahan 0321895

3. Rozanna Farah Ibram 0317967

4. Sia Hong Jie 0323506

5. Tan Jo Lynn 0318518

MENARA DAYABUMI


Content Page


IntroducYon 4

The Architect 6

Site Context Analysis (Pablo Idris Bin Badrul Ilahan 0321895) 7

Architectural Layout (Nurina Aida Bt Ghizan 0320035) 10

Architectural Style Analysis (Tan Jo Lynn 0318518) 17

Building ConstrucYon, Structure & Materials Analysis

(Sia Hong Jie 0323506) 24

Architectural Elements & Components Analysis

(Rozanna Farah Ibram 0317967) 27

Conclusion 36

References 37

Introduc8on

Address

Dayabumi Complex, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, 50050 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

LocaYon

Meaner Dayabumi is set along Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, south of Merdeka Square.

The Building

Menara Dayabumi is an modern architecture with neo Islamic architectural features mirrors the

fusion of the old and new and establishing a sense of conYnuity with its immediate surroundings,

which are the NaYonal Mosque, Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad, and both the railway staYon and

railway administraYon buildings.

The monument’s focal point is the 36-‐storey office tower. Gleaming in white glass mosaic, this

skyscraper is a visually arresYng edifice, with its imposing stature represenYng a high standard of

aestheYc and architectural design.


Designed by: BEP+MAA

Contractor: Takenaka CorporaYon & Kumagai Gumi Co. Ltd

Client: UDA

CompleYon Year: 1984

Value: RM 320 million

Area: 150,000 sq.m

ConstrucYon stared: 14 February 1982

Opening: 5 May 1984

Type: Commercial offices

LocaYon: Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Height: 157m (515g)

Floor count: 35

One of the earliest skyscrapers in Malaysia

Neo Islamic architecture


The Architect

Arkitek MAA Sdn Bhd (MAA)

In 1965, the pracYce of Arkitek MAA Sdn Bhd (MAA) was established under the style of

Malaysian Associate Architects. Their architectural works included large scale housing, commercial,

industrial and insYtuYonal projects were iniYally centred around Kuala Lumpur.The core of Armtek

MAA’s philosophy is the focus on design excellence.

With the firm's long, established history and award winning track record, Arkitek MAA has

the depth of professional talent to respond to projects of any size and complexity. The firm's

versaYlity arises from its mulY-‐disciplinary organisaYon. Since solving today's complex design

problems demands the integraYon of many service capabiliYes, including highly specialised science

and technologies; Arkitek MAA's structure integrates the required disciplines and staff consultants

under one roof.


Figure 0.0: Picture of Menara Dayabumi taken from MAA’s official website.

Site Context Analysis (PABLO IDRIS BIN BADRUL ILAHAN 0321895)

LocaYon

Menara Dayabumi is a 35 storey building close to Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, where the

south of Melaka Square is. This building was built id 1970, it was the first modern building in KL to

incorporate the very basic principles of the islamic design into its architectural structure. It was one

of the first skyscrapers in the city of KL. From the building 30th Floor visitors will see a panoramic

view of the city.


Figure 1.0: LocaYon of Menara Dayabumi screenshot from Google Maps.

TransportaYon

The building is accessible within walking distance north of Pasar Seni LRT StaYon.

The locaYon of the structure is in Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin.

Site Response

The building was purposely designed to blend in with the pervading Moorish and ByzanYne

atmosphere of the structures that surround it namely the sultan Abdul Samad Building and Railway

StaYon Building. With Islam being the official religion of Malaysia since independence, there are

many Islamic architecture featured buildings that resides in Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur’s central

business district today has shiged around the KLCC where many new and tall buildings with Late

Modernism and Postmodern architecture fill the skyline. The shopping arcade and complex

houses, city point offices and the General Post Office.

It houses several commercial faciliYes and is one of the earliest skyscrape in the city. Also

located near the NaYonal Mosque and the Federal House. Close to many tourists spots, the

approximaYon to places like hotels and commercial block have an asseveraYon to the relaYveness

to the Central Market of the City. One of he most visible structures from the field above

highlighted is the Dayabumi.

The cheapest way to get to the Complex is by public transport, by taking the KL City bus

which takes a look around the city. There are four routes of which one asses in front of the

complex.

Many of the early buildings which are built during the first decade of independence were

designed white respond to the hot humid tropical climate of Malaysia. But with the introducYon of

air condiYoning systems, the situaYon( designing in response to the climate) has changed.

Meanwhile the accessibility to energy resources such as fuel and electrical power had changed the

form and style of architecture to the construcYon of the buildings. Architects and contractors

preferred not to implement the the tradiYonal climaYc design principles and favour the new

materials evacuees it is a symbol of progress and wealth. How ever the amempt to make invenYve

design which appropriately response to our climate and culture is very few. The issue in the


Menara Dayabumi, due to the tropical climate’s string effect on basic raw construcYon materials

deterioraYon, intensive experiments on new materials and properYes were also made by the US

Naval Research and thermal comfort became the main issue.

Several writers did also discuss on the change in architectural traits which gives negaYve

impact on the working environment. This change is causing energy to be a wastage, have an

incrementaYon on the cost of the building maintenance and operaYon, psychological stress,

security and fire safety.


Figure 1.1: View of Menara Dayabumi from below.

Architectural Layout (NURINA AIDA BT GHIZAN 0320035)

Plan and ElevaYon Analysis


Figure 2.0: First floor floor plan.

Figure 2.1: Sketched elevaYon.

CirculaYon

CirculaYon refers to the way people move through and interact with a building. It also

refers to how the spaces of a building links to each other. There are a few components and

structures of a building’s circulaYon such as entrance, elevators, escalators, and staircases

which are ogen referred to as circulaYon elements, as they are posiYoned and designed to

opYmise the flow of people through a building. These things affect our percepYon of the forms

and spaces of the building.

The first component would be:

ENTRANCE

Entrance is a component that connects the outside and the inside of the building. It

provides the act of entering which differenYates one space from another and idenYfies from

where you are to where you are going. Usually, a wall is used to create enclosed spaces but an

entrance is made by having openings in the plane of the walls. Although, the form of openings can

just be a simple hole in the wall or even a disYnct gateway.

There are three types of entrances which are flush entrance, projected entrance and

recessed entrance. As for Dayabumi, it has 4 entrances and all of them are recessed entrances. A

recessed entrance is an entrance that provides shelter and receives a porYon of exterior space into

the realm of the building.


Figure 2.2: Entrances of the tower.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevator%22%20%5Co%20%22Elevator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escalators%22%20%5Co%20%22Escalators

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staircases%22%20%5Co%20%22Staircases

The locaYon of the entrance relates to the form of the space being entered will determine

the configuraYon of space and the pamern of the acYviYes within the space inside the building.

CONFIGURATION OF SPACE

ConfiguraYon of space is the sequence of the spaces that links to one another and

influenced each other. It can have a paralleling pamern or it could be contrast with the form of the

spaYal organisaYon.

There are six types of configuraYon of spaces and they are linear, radial, spiral, grid,

network and composite. Menara Dayabumi has a grid configuraYon which consists of two sets of

parallel paths that intersect at regular intervals and create square and also rectangular fields of

space. The parallel path starts from the four entrances, to the lobby, going through the food court

and straight to the exit.


Figure 2.3: Recessed Entrance at Dayabumi.

Figure 2.4 (a)

PATH – SPACE RELATIONSHIPS

Path may be related to spaces they link in 3 ways which are pass by spaces, pass

through spaces and terminate in a space. In Dayabumi, the type of path – space

relaYonship is pass through spaces. Pass through spaces means the path may pass through

a space axially, obliquely or along its edge. It cuts through the space and the path creates

pamern of rest and movement within it.


Figure 2.4 (b)

Figure 2.4(a) and (b): Grid configuration.

Hallway Lobby Foodcourt

Figure 2.5

Figure 2.6

FORM OF THE CIRCULATION SPACE

The form of a circulaYon of space varies according to how its boundaries are defined, how

its form relates to the form of the space it links, its qualiYes of scale, proporYon, light and view are

arYculated and how the entrances open onto it. A circulaYon of space could be enclosed, open on

one side or open on both sides.

For Menara Dayabumi, the circulaYon space is open on both sides and it is wide. It forms a

colonnaded passageway that becomes a physical extension by merging with the spaces it passes

through.


Figure 2.7

Figure 2.8: Open on both side.

The structures of the Dayabumi building’s circulaYon are:

ESCALATORS, ELEVATORS AND STAIRCASE

Escalators, elevators and staircase provide verYcal circulaYon between the levels of a

building. It determines the direcYon of our path as we ascend descend its steps.

Since this Dayabumi building has 37 floors, it mainly uses escalators and elevators but there are

sYll staircase to be used during emergency and so on.

OrganisaYon Analysis


Figure 2.9

Figure 2.10 (a) Figure 2.10 (b)

Symmetry and Balance

Symmetry finds its ways into Dayabumi’s architecture at every scale, from the overall

external views of the building, through the layout of the individual floor plans, and down to the

design of individual building elements such as the Yle mosaics. Its architectural style is modern

Islamic architecture and Islamic buildings make elaborate use of symmetry both in their structure

and in their ornamentaYon.

Geometry

The whole Dayabumi building is actually made up of geometrical shapes. As we can see

from the top view of the roof, the overall exterior is actually consist of a combinaYon of squares

and triangles including the interior as well. However, only for the first floor of Dayabumi, the plan

shows that it is made out of combinaYons of squares, triangles and also rectangulars.

SpaYal RelaYonship

SpaYal relaYonship is a connecYon between rooms to the buildings, buildings to the site.

The pamern of how each space corresponds to the others may be a visual pleasing or a reflecYon

of its funcYon. There are four types of spaYal relaYonship which are space within a space,

interlocking spaces, adjacent spaces and spaces linked by a common space. The spaYal relaYonship

for Dayabumi building is ‘Space within a Space’ which is defined as a large space that contains a

smaller space within its volume. Visual and spaYal conYnuity between the two spaces can be easily

accommodated.


Figure 2.11: Space within a space.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_plan%22%20%5Co%20%22Floor%20plan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic%22%20%5Co%20%22Mosaic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%22%20%5Co%20%22Islam

Architectural Style Analysis (TAN JO LYNN 0318518)

IntroducYon

All buildings are sure to consists of one or more architectural style. The style of a

construcYon and their details provide important clues to their age and much more. It expresses

the frame of mind of the community who designed and commissioned the building and the

decoraYve programs.

An architectural style is defined by the elements that make a building or a structure

illustrious and historically idenYfiable. A style may include such features as form, building

materials, local character and manner of construcYon.

Islamic architecture style

The most evident architectural style of the building is the Islamic architecture. Islamic

architecture is in part comprised of those buildings and built environments intended for use in

Islamic commemoraYon, instrucYon, worship and etc. Mosques, madrasas or schools,

mausoleums, and shrines are examples of this architecture group. Islamic architecture may also be

recognised as the establishment of builders and patrons who avow Islam or ones that live in a

region ruled by Muslims. In a Muslims ruling district, these buildings can generally be described as

secular, which include marketplaces, office buildings, houses etc. One of the essenYal concepts of

Islamic architecture is that of privacy, and for this reason it is referred to as "architecture of the

veil."

Although Islamic architecture is infinitely varied in plan, elevaYon, building material, and

decoraYve elements, there are several recurring forms found in all types of construcYon, be they

secular, public, private, or spiritual. These central components are the domes, the arches, and the

vaults.

However, the Islamic architecture that is seen on the outer appearance of the building is to

be clarifies as Modern Islamic architecture style. Islamic architecture has tended to sYck to

historical tradiYon with limle changing in house or mosque design over the centuries. However, the


Middle East oil boom and the emergence of ciYes such as Dubai as major trading places for the

whole world has introduced a new approach to Islamic architecture.

For example, the Burj Khalifa tower in Dubai may look like a typical 21st Century glass and

steel construcYon shooYng up into the sky like a glass shard, but its design is based on a desert

flower called the Hymenocallis (refer to Figure 3.0). This reflects the tradiYonal Islamic principle of

converYng vegetal shapes into geometric designs.


Figure 3.0: Burj Khalifa tower’s Y-‐shaped plan. According to the design architect, Adrian Smith, the triple lobed footprint of the building was inspired by the flower Hymenocallis.

Figure 3.1: Arches and vault found on the lower exterior of Menara Dayabumi.

Moorish architectural style

Besides that, another the architectural styles that could be seen on the exterior of the

building is the Moorish architecture. It is a variaYon of Islamic architecture. It is developed by the

Moors in the later Middle Ages especially in North Africa and Spain and a style of architecture

common in Spain from the 13th to 16th centuries. The Moorish architecture consists of several

moYfs and repeYYon of pamerns.


Figure 3.2: The picture above shows the use of conversion of vegetal shapes into geometrical designs that is common to be seen in Modern Islamic architecture.

Figure 3.3: Islamic 8 point star concept can be seen as a decoraYve component on the exterior on the building.

The Moorish architecture is greatly influenced by the Islamic architecture that developed in

the Middle East. Although mosques are the most familiar precedent of Moorish architecture,

featured moYfs spread to the design of homes and commercial places. One of the most disYnct

examples of Moorish architecture is the Grand Mosque of Cordoba, Spain, is today the region's

Catholic cathedral (refer to Figure 3.4(a) and (b)).

There are few central characterisYc elements of Moorish architecture, which are muqarnas,

horseshoe arches, voussoirs, domes, crenellated arches, lancet arches, ogee arches, courtyards,

and decoraYve Yle work.



Figure 3.4(a) and (b): Grand Mosque of Cordoba, Spain


Figure 3.5(a) and (b): Clarifies just a few and exhibits an overview of the Moorish architecture moYfs: different styles of arches, calligraphy, vegetaYve design, and decoraYve Yles.

InternaYonal style of Modern Architecture

Other than Modern Islamic architecture and Moorish architecture, the style that appears

on the building is the InternaYonal architecture. The phrase ‘InternaYonal Style’ depicts a form of

design that developed mainly in France, Germany and Holland during the 1920s, before spreading

to America in the 1930s, where during the middle decades of the 20th century, it became the

dominant impulse in American architecture. Although it never became trendy for residenYal

buildings in the United States, it was especially appropriate for skyscraper architecture. This is due

to its features like sleek modern look, absence of decoraYve elements and use of steel and glass.


Figure 3.6: Lancet arches found on the lower exterior part of Menara Dayabumi.

Figure 3.7: RepeYYve of geometrical vegetaYve design on the exterior of Menara Dayabumi.

The style became interchangeable with corporate modernism during the period 1955 to 1970. It

also became the essenYal architecture style of 20th century for insYtuYonal and commercial

buildings, and even superseded the tradiYonal styles for schools and churches.

The InternaYonal Style developed immensely as a result of rising dissaYsfacYon with

building designs that integrated mixture of decoraYve elements from different architectural

periods, specifically where the product design have no connecYon to the funcYon of the

construcYon. It was also caused by the need to build huge number of commercial and civic

buildings that served a promptly industrialising society. Besides that, other causes that have lead

to the existence of InternaYonal style is the evoluYon of new construcYon techniques involving the

use of steel, reinforced concrete, and glass; strong desire to create a modern style of architecture

for ‘modern man’.

The essenYal characterisYcs of InternaYonal Style buildings comprise recYlinear forms and

plane surfaces that are completely devoid of applied ornamentaYon. It also supports open and

even fluid interior spaces. This style could be said to be the early form of minimalism, which had a

peculiar modern look, reinforced by its use of modern materials, including glass for the facade,

steel for exterior support, and concrete for interior supports and floors. At the same Yme, the use

of marble is very favourable in this style. This is due to its simple yet very interesYng appearance.

Just like one of Mies Van Der Rohe’s work; he designed the Barcelona Pavilion and used planes of

marbles to make it more interesYng instead of adding ornamentaYons.



Figure 3.8(a) and (b): Usage of marble in Barcelona Pavilion’s interior as a feature wall and parYYon instead of an ordinary concrete wall.


Figure 3.9: Decorated glass panel


Figure 3.10(a) and (b): The accentuaYon of recYlinear forms is shown with the arrangement of Yles and clean simple linear lines.


Figure 3.11(a) and (b): Usage of types marbles on Menara Dayabumi.

Building Construc8on, Structure and Materials Analysis (SIA HONG JIE 0323506)

Dayabumi tower was the tallest, and most expensive skyscraper ever built in 1984’s

Malaysia. It was completed in 1984 by two Japanese companies, Takenaka CorporaYon, and

Kumagai Gumi Co. Ltd. . Designed by Arkitek MAA and BEP Arkitek, the 35-‐storey building. It is

amazing that the building only took two and a half year, 1982 to 1984 to finish the construcYon,

which is a really short Yme. It required high-‐rise engineering, which at that Yme Malaysia not

familiar with. Building the Dayabumi Tower was a project of an unprecedented scale considering

the absence of digital and technological resources.

Both of the contractors they choosed were very reliable as they managed to complete the

building’s foundaYon within four and a half months instead of six months as scheduled, meaning

to say that the further stages of construcYon will speed up as well.

Dayabumi tower is the one of the building that introduced massive usage of steel structure

in the 80s of Malaysia. However, designers, architects, engineers, constructor at that Yme are not

really familiar with the new material steel.

Steel did not appear frequently in Malaysia unYl the mid 80s, mostly because there was no

shortage of cheap labor, and the scale of projects were generally small. Furthermore, steel was

considered as an expensive material. Moreover, construcYon speed, which steel can vastly

improve, was not considered as major problem.

Most of the steel were imported from Japan, and also Europe and US during the

construcYon of Dayabumi tower.


Industrialised Building System (IBS) allowed every structural part (except cladding),

including supporYng steel frames, the five-‐storey high arches at the front of the tower, to be

precast and assemble on site, which really does save a large amount of Yme. Every floor of the

building is steel plasorm, laced with concrete, which requiring four-‐day cycle before the next floor.

Thirty months to erect the thirty-‐five storey building seemed like a impossible challenge, but steel

made it possible.

The original architectural design of the tower is actually similar to other high-‐rise structure

in other countries, but Tun Dr Mahathir wanted a uniquely Malaysian, and different from the

skyscrapers found all around the world, rather than just being a plain square based box. Other than

the Islamic moYf, the design should also harmonise with the exisYng Moorish surroundings, the

old Sultan Abdul Samad Building and the Railway staYon. The chosen materials helped bringing out

the characterisYc of Dayabumi Tower.

White mosaic Yles were the main finishing cover for the facade of Menara Dayabumi. The

choose material has gentle, pure, and elegant white, which represents the purity of muslims.

Although steel is the main structure of the building, instead of looking like a steel giant, it is

dressed with elegant glass mosaic, sogening the sharp edges. The theme runs throughout the

building with the interior projecYng the same graceful ambience as exterior.


Figure 4.0: Steel structure of Menara Dayabumi

Ornaments were used on the tower, such as the white powder coated aluminium grilles on

the exterior. Instead of being a funcYonless ornament, it actually act as sun screens. The sun

screen was designed to replicate the pierced marble characterisYc of Moorish architecture of the

Alhambra. Dust and Dirt would be impossible to clean with the complicated eight pointed stars of

islamic moYf pamerns on the grilles, so these grilles were subjected to aerodynamic wind tunnel

tests and affixed on the tower at an angle before the installaYon, to ensure that dust would not be

collected, only minimal cleaning is required.


Figure 4.1: White mosaic Yles used on Dayabumi tower’s facade.

Figure 4.2: White powder coated aluminium grilles on the exterior.

Architectural Elements and Components Analysis (ROZANNA FARAH IBRAM 0317967)

The Dayabumi Complex design is mainly inspired by the Islamic architecture, integrated into

the modern architecture. The significant elements of the Islamic architecture inspiraYons are the

Islamic geometric pamern of the claddings and the arches. These elements are applied to the

exterior of the building creaYng its disYnguishable façade that separates itself from any other

building in the context as well as the era it was in. Even so, these elements are applied in the

modern architecture is also the reason the building fits into the context because the older

buildings surrounding it are more prominently inspired by Islamic architecture such as: the TexYle

Museum; the NaYonal Mosque of Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur City Gallery; Sultan Abdul Samad

building and the Jamek Mosque that the Dayabumi complex did not stood out like a sore thumb.


Figure 5.0: NaYonal Mosque

Islamic Geometric Pamern (IGP) Cladding

The most significant element on the Dayabumi Complex is the geometric pamerned

claddings that covers the facade of the building. Architectural cladding is a layer of material applied

on the exterior of a building for the purposes of protecYon and aestheYc (What is Cladding, 2014).

The pamern on the cladding is one of the basic Islamic geometric pamern that includes the

interlacing polygons and the eight point star. The Islamic Geometric pamern has been dated back

since the eighth century on Islamic arts and architecture. They are found on wood carvings,

glassware, leather, stone, metals, Ylework, secular and religious buildings, carpet weaving, texYles

as well as borders on illustrated manuscripts (Islamic Geometric Pamerns, 2012).


Figure 5.1: Sultan Abdul Samad building

Figure 5.2: Jamek Mosque


Figure 5.3: AestheYc cladding on building Figure 5.4: DecoraYve Cladding

Figure 5.5: Kharaghan twin towers (1067 AD) exterior carvings.


Figure 5.6: Carvings found in Ibn-‐Tulun Mosque, very similar to the claddings on the complex.

Figure 5.7: 8-‐point star and interlaced polygons.

The basis of the Islamic geometric pamern is draw a grid and draw the pamern design on

top of the grid and finally once the design is completed the grids are removed. The remarkable

mathemaYc elegance of these pamerns is no mamer how intricate the design is the basis is sYll

according to the iniYal gridlines.

The pamern on the Dayabumi complex is specifically simplified to accommodate and be relevant to

the modern style of the building, intricate flower design were avoided. The simple overlapping polygon and

eight point star design is repeated throughout the whole structure to create the sense of uniformity and

relevance. Many architecture in Malaysia are integraYng the Islamic Geometric pamern into the building

design due to the fact that Malaysia’s official religion is Islam. Other famous structures that implements the

Islamic geometric pamern is the Petronas Twin Towers. The form viewed from plan view shows a shape of

polygons overlapping.


Figure 5.8: Cladding covers the height of building.

Figure 5.9: Basic of obtaining polygons and stars used in Islamic pamerns.


Figure 5.10: Overlapping polygons .

Figure 5.11: 8 points star.

Figure 5.12: The shape of the twin towers was developed from overlapping polygons and circles based on gridlines.

The façade of the Dayabumi Complex is majorly covered by the Islamic Geometric pamerns

as to assimilate the Islamic architecture into the modern skyscraper design of Kuala Lumpur, the

center of development in Malaysia and where many skyscrapers were being built at the Yme.

Arches

On the exterior of the ground floor stretching up to the first floor, the architecture design

showcases a series of arcades that extends at every sides of the building. The arcades consists of

arches that are supported by columns. Arches are relevant to early architecture where the Romans

and ByzanYne developed from Greeks’ and EgypYans’ use of lintels to semi-‐circular arches instead.

In a basic arc, the thrust is exerted verYcally by the weight of loads imposed above the arch, and

exerted horizontally by the cumulaYve wedge acYon of the voussoir (Saud, 2015). This acYon of

corresponding thrust gives the arches it elasYcity. The arches have been used in Muslim

architectures for centuries and has been using arches more than other civilisaYon. They imitated

the graceful curve of the palm trees branches in their construcYons. Arches were iniYally

constructed for strictly pracYcal and structural means. However as Yme passes it has been realised

the arches are able to provided aestheYcs values to buildings and furniture. There many types of

arches designed throughout the history of Muslim architecture such as: The horseshoe arch, the

transverse arch and the pointed arch. The arch that is used for Menara Dayabumi complex is the


Figure 5.13: National Planetarium has incorporated Islamic Geometric patterns as well as the overall structure, domes and minarets.

pointed arch. History resources shows evidences of Sicily playing the role of middle transmission

for many Muslim moYfs, the pointed arch included.

Pointed arches were first used in Gothic architecture as their means to overcome the

problems with Romanesque barrel vaulYng. Arches and columns erected for Muslim architectures

are tradiYonally ornamented and pamerned, however Menara Dayabumi colonnades are simplified

and modernised lined and covered with white mosaics. It is to establish the modernisYc design to

match the concept.


Figure 5.14: Al-‐Aqsa Mosque, PalesYne.

Figure 5.15: The great mosque of Kiarawan, Tunisia.


Figure 5.16: The grand mosque of Sheikh Zayed, Abu Dhabi.

Figure 5.18: Cross vault.

Figure 5.17: Arches and column of Dayabumi Complex.

Conclusion

Through this project, we have learnt that buildings and structures subsist of one or more

architectural style. It is essenYal for a monument as the details defines its age, theme, character

and etc. As for Menara Dayabumi, it is to be classified as one of the modern architecture in the

Kuala Lumpur centre. Architectural styles that could be seen on the building are Modern Islamic

architecture, Moorish architecture and InternaYonal architectural style.

Besides that, we have understood that the overall design of Menara Dayabumi admits to

modernism and of its simplicity, however the design also complies its inspiraYon on Islamic

architecture. The ornamented and pamerned elements of the tradiYonal Islamic architecture is

reduced to simple lines and polygons on the cladding as well as the arches of Menara Dayabumi.

Moreover, although internaYonal style’s pracYcal manner saves materials and Ymes, but

instead of being a giant steel box, Menara Dayabumi gives reason why people can sYll find

inspiraYon from precedents. At the same Yme, it also proves the importance of using the newest

construcYon technology during the era.

Moving on, as a team of 5, we managed to pull through even though it took a lot of

teamwork. Individually, we have improved ourself in wriYng skills and also learned a lot in

modernism styles building through the process. We were quite happy with the staff that guide us

through the building although the permission for the guide was hard to get. They were really

friendly, helpful and informaYve. With only few informaYon on the internet and library, we felt a

sense of achievements compleYng the report on the Menara Dayabumi.


Reference List

A Walking Tour Kuala Lumpur (2nd ediYon). (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmps://

b o o k s . g o o g l e . c o m . m y / b o o k s ? i d = E x 0 d A w A A Q B A J & p g = P T 4 1 & d q = d a y a b u m i

complex&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=dayabumi complex&f=false

"Modern Dreams." Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.

Daya Bumi. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmp://www.arkitekmaa.com/works/architecture/

office/daya-‐bumi

Moorish art and architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmp://www.infoplease.com/

encyclopedia/entertainment/moorish-‐art-‐architecture.html

Moorish Architectural Elements. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmp://www.tazidesigns.com/

catalog/architectural

Moorish Architecture. (2012, August 6). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmp://

educaYon.naYonalgeographic.com/media/moorish-‐art/

Islamic architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmp://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/

islam/art/architecture.shtml

Islamic Architecture « Islamic Arts and Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmp://

islamic-‐arts.org/2012/islamic-‐architecture/

"Islamic art;architecture." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2015, "Islamic art;architecture." World

Encyclopedia. 2005, & Curl, J. (2015). Islamic art and architecture. Retrieved November 17, 2015, from

hmp://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Islamic_art_and_architecture.aspx

CharacterisYcs of Islamic Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmp://

people.opposingviews.com/characterisYcs-‐islamic-‐architecture-‐4851.html

Design and Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmp://burj-‐khalifa.readabout.org/

design-‐and-‐architecture/


InternaYonal Style (architecture). (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

InternaYonal_Style_(architecture)

20th-‐Century Architecture History -‐ CharacterisYcs -‐ Movements -‐ Architects. (n.d.). Retrieved November

17, 2015, from hmp://www.visual-‐arts-‐cork.com/architecture/twenYeth-‐century.htm

InternaYonal Style of Modern ArchitectureOrigins, Development, CharacterisYcs (c.1920-‐70). (n.d.).

Retrieved November 17, 2015, from hmp://www.visual-‐arts-‐cork.com/architecture/internaYonal-‐style.htm

Bellos, A. (2015). Muslim rule and compass: the magic of Islamic geometric design. the Guardian. Retrieved

11 November 2015, from hmp://www.theguardian.com/science/alexs-‐adventures-‐in-‐numberland/2015/

feb/10/muslim-‐rule-‐and-‐compass-‐the-‐magic-‐of-‐islamic-‐geometric-‐design

Islamic Geometric Pa8erns. (2012). Retrieved 2 November 2015, from hmp://79.170.44.82/pinkpoppy.com/

blog/wp-‐content/uploads/2012/08/Geometric-‐forms.pdf

Metmuseum.org,. (2015). Geometric Pamerns in Islamic Art | ThemaYc Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art

History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 3 November 2015, from hmp://

www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/geom/hd_geom.htm

Saud, R. (2015). The Arch That Never Sleeps | Muslim Heritage.Muslimheritage.com. Retrieved 15

November 2015, from hmp://www.muslimheritage.com/arYcle/arch-‐never-‐sleeps

Slideshare.net,. (2014). What is cladding & what does makes it important. Retrieved 3 November

2015, from hmp://www.slideshare.net/roofingcladding/what-‐is-‐cladding-‐what-‐does-‐makes-‐it-‐important


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)

menara dayabumi analysis report

Education