milady’s standard cosmetology cosmetology: anatomy and physiology

Milady’s StandardCosmetology

Cosmetology: Anatomy and Physiology

MILADY’SStandardInstructor Support SlidesCOSMETOLOGY

“Remember, you can earn more money, but when time is spent, it is gone forever.”

Zig Ziglar


Objectives• Explain the importance of anatomy and

physiology to the cosmetology profession.• Describe cells, their structure, and their

reproduction.• Define tissue and identify the types of

tissues found in the body.• Name the 10 main body systems and

explain their basic functions.


Anatomy

Defined: The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye and what it is made of;

the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.


Physiology

Defined: The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s

structures.


Histology

Defined: The study of the science of the minute structures of organic

tissues; microscopic anatomy.


Cells• Composition• Nucleus• Cytoplasm• Centrosome• Cell membrane


• Cell reproduction and division– Adequate food supply– Adequate oxygen supply– Adequate water supply– Waste elimination– Proper temperature

• Cell metabolism– Anabolism– Catabolism


Tissues• Connective tissue• Epithelial tissue• Liquid tissue• Muscular tissue• Nerve tissue


Organs• Brain• Eyes• Heart• Kidneys• Lungs• Liver• Skin• Stomach/intestines


Systems

• Circulatory• Digestive• Endocrine• Excretory• Integumentary


• Muscular• Nervous• Reproductive• Respiratory• Skeletal


Skeletal System

• Bone composition• Osteology• Primary function• Joints• Parts of skull


• Bones of cranium

• Bones of face


• Bones of neck

• Bones of trunk/torso


• Bones of arm and hand

• Bones of leg and foot


Muscular System

Myology: The study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles. Human body has over 600 muscles

responsible for 40% of body’s weight; fibrous tissues with the ability to

stretch and contract.


Muscular Tissue• Striated muscles • Nonstriated muscles • Cardiac muscles


Muscle Parts• Origin• Insertion• Belly


Stimulation of Muscles

• Massage• Electric current• Light rays• Heat rays• Moist heat• Nerve impulses• Chemicals


Scalp Muscles• Epicranius or occipito-frontalis

– Occipitalis– Frontalis– Aponeurosis


Muscles of the Ear

• Auricularis superior

• Auricularis anterior

• Auricularis posterior


Muscles of Mastication

• Masseter

• Temporalis


Neck Muscles• Platysma

• Sternocleidomastoideus


Eyebrow Muscles

• Orbicularis oculi

• Corrugator


Muscles of the Nose• Procerus

• Other nasal muscles


Muscles of the Mouth

• Buccinator• Depressor labii inferious• Levator anguli oris• Levator labii sperioris• Mentalis


• Orbicularis oris

• Risorius

• Triangularis

• Zygomaticus major and minor


Muscles – Arms to Body

• Latissimus dorsi• Pectoralis major and minor• Serratus anterior • Trapezius


Shoulder and Arm Muscles

• Deltoid• Biceps• Triceps• Pronator• Supinator• Flexors• Extensors


Muscles of the Hand

• Abductor

• Adductor


Muscles of the Lower Leg and Foot

• Extensor digitorum longus• Tibialis anterior• Peroneus longus• Peroneus Brevis• Gastrocnemius• Soleus


Nervous System

Neurology defined: The scientific study of the structure, function, and

pathology of the nervous system.


Divisions of the Nervous System

• Cerebrospinal system

• Peripheral nervous system

• Autonomic nervous system


The Brain and Spinal Cord

• Brain is largest mass of body tissue.• Average weight is 44 – 48 ounces.• Twelve pairs of cranial nerves originate in

the brain.• Spinal cord originates in brain.• Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves extend

from the spinal cord.


Nerve Cell Structure and

Function• Neuron or nerve Cell• Dendrites• Axon and axon terminal• Nerves


Types of Nerves• Sensory• Motor• Mixed• Reflex


Nerves of Head, Face, and Neck

• 5th cranial, trifacial, trigeminal• 7th cranial• Cervical


Nerves of Arm and Hand• Nerves of the arm and lower hand

• Nerves of the lower leg


Circulatory System• Blood-vascular system

• Lymph-vascular system

• Heart– Pericardium– Resting Heart Rate


Heart Chambers and Valves

• Right and left atrium

• Right and left ventricle

• Valves

• Atria


Blood Circulation• Pulmonary circulation

• Systemic or general circulation


Blood Vessels• Arteries

• Capillaries

• Veins


The Blood

• Sticky, salty fluid• Temperature of 98.6 degrees F• 1/20th of body weight• 8 – 10 pints in adults• Bright red in arteries• Dark red in veins (except pulmonary)


Blood Composition• Red corpuscles

• White corpuscles

• Blood platelets

• Plasma


Blood Functions• Carries water, oxygen, food, secretions to

cells

• Carries away carbon dioxide and waste

• Helps equalize body temperature

• Clotting


Lymph-Vascular Functions

• Nourishment

• Defense

• Remove waste

• Fluid environment


Arteries of Head, Face, Neck• Common carotid• Internal division• External division

– Superficial temporal artery– Occipital artery– Posterior auricular artery


Facial Artery• Submental artery

• Inferior labial artery


Superficial Temporal Artery• Frontal artery

• Parietal artery

• Transverse facial artery

• Middle temporal artery

• Anterior auricular artery


External/InternalCarotid Artery Branches

• Occipital artery

• Posterior auricular artery

• Supraorbital artery

• Infraorbital artery


Veins of Head, Face, and Neck• Internal jugular

• External jugular


Blood Supply for Arm and Hand

• Ulnar arteries

• Radial arteries


Blood Supply for Foot and Leg• Popliteal artery

• Anterior tibial

• Dorsalis pedis


Endocrine System• Exocrine or duct glands

• Endocrine or ductless glands


Digestive System• Digestion

• Digestive enzymes


Excretory System• Kidneys• Liver• Skin• Large intestine• Lungs


Respiratory System

• Diaphragm

• Lungs


Integumentary System

• The skin• Various accessory organs

– Oil glands– Sweat glands– Sensory receptors– Hair– Nails


Summary and Review• Define anatomy, physiology, and

histology.• Why is the study of anatomy, physiology,

and histology important to the cosmetologist?

• Name and describe the basic structure of a cell.


• Explain cell metabolism and its purpose.• List and describe the functions of the five

types of tissue found in the human body.• What are organs?• List and describe the functions of the

main organs found in the body.


• Name the 10 body systems and their main functions.

• List the primary functions of bones.• Name and describe the three types of

muscular tissue found in the body.• Name and describe the three types of

nerves found in the body.


• Name and briefly describe the three types of blood vessels found in the body.

• List and describe the components of blood.

• Name and discuss the two types of glands found in the human body.

• List the organs of the excretory system and their function.


Congratulations!

You’ve just completedanother unit of study toward

program completion.

milady’s standard cosmetology cosmetology: anatomy and physiology

Documents

muscles responsible

human body

bodys structures

hand bones of leg

importance of anatomy

types of tissues

main body systems

structure of organisms