Advanced Nuclear diagnostics, platforms, and analyses for ICF and HEDP experiments on Omega, NIF, and ZMIT HEDP Division

Z MachineOmega Laser Facility

Johan Frenje, on behalf of the MIT team SSAP Symposium, February 2018

National Ignition Facility

In particular, over the last 2 decades LLE has fostered and enabled excellence in research and student education on OMEGA by over 40 Universities

Prof. R. Mancini of U. Nevada/Reno, and L. Buitano of DoE, at a meeting of the Omega Laser Users Group (OLUG)

The student-postdoc forum at an OLUG Workshop, where young researchers discussed the issues and challenges they face

OMEGA IS ESSENTIAL TO THE FIELD OF HED SCIENCE

• MIT PhD students are working on an array of important new collaborative projects with LLE, LLNL and SNL

• Previous MIT students worked closely with LLE and LLNL to develop and utilize a large range of diagnostic platforms for OMEGA, and many of them were then ported to the NIF

• There are new projects for Omega, NIF and Z

• MIT student production of publications, conference presentations and invited talks has been very strong

3

Outline

MIT PhD students are working on an array of important new collaborative projects with LLE, LLNL and SNL

Six students with Postdoc Cody Parker and Scientist Maria Gatu Johnson at the MIT Accelerator Facility

BrandonLahmann

Graeme Sutcliffe

NeelKabadi

Patrick Adrian

HongSio

RaspberrySimpson

CodyParker

MariaGatu

Johnson

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Chikang Li (1993) MIT Associate Director, HED Physics Division

Damien Hicks (1999) LLNL Staff scientist

Ryan Rygg (2006) LLE/UR Professor (previously LLNL)

Dan Casey (2012) LLNL Staff Scientist

Nareg Sinenian (2012) Exponent Scientist

Mario Manuel (2013) G.A. Scientist

Mike Rosenberg (2014) LLE Scientist

Hans Rinderknecht (2015) LLNL Lawrence Fellow

Alex Zylstra (2015) LANL Reines Fellow, Staff Scientist

Many former MIT PhD students continue working at LLE and LLNL

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Two MIT PhDs are the only NNSA researchers so far to receive theRosenbluth Outstanding Thesis Award, for work largely on Omega

Michael Rosenberg MIT PhD 2014

In this work, LLE’s Prof. Riccardo Betti gave criticaltheoretical input to both Mario and Mike

Mario ManuelMIT PhD 2013

Alex Zylstra, MIT PhD 2015,

has been nominatedfor the 2018

Rosenbluth Award

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Previous MIT students worked closely with LLE and LLNL to develop and utilize a large range of diagnostic platforms for OMEGA

Seven of these platforms were then ported to the NIF

At the NIF, a close collaboration of MIT, LLE, and LLNL has implemented 8 diagnostic platforms, with future diagnostics being currently developed

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Starting with Omega, let’s look at some of the new young researcher projects

BrandonLahmann

Graeme Sutcliffe

NeelKabadi

Patrick Adrian

HongSio

RaspberrySimpson

CodyParker

MariaGatu

Johnson

9See posters for more details

Hong Sio: To study kinetic and multi-ion-fluid effects in ICF at Omega, a Particle X-ray Temporal Diagnostic (PXTD) has been developed for measuring time histories of multiple nuclear burns and of the x-ray spectrum

PXTD streak image

PXTD Front end

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Hong has shown that average-ion rad-hydro ICF simulation codes don’t accurately predict actual multiple burn histories

measured

The timing difference between the D3He and DT reaction histories is not captured by the

avg-ion-hydro DUED simulation, but is reproduced in kinetic-ion LSP simulation

(hydro)

(kinetic)

Shot 82615

2.2mg/cc

2.6 um SiO2OD = 860 um

49% : 50% : 1% D : 3He : T

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See poster for more details

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Hong’s PhD PXTD research on Omega was featured on the covers of both the NNSA Quarterly and the Review of Scientific Instruments

The PXTD was a 2013 OLUG Finding and Recommendation, accomplished through the partnership of OLUG and LLE.

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Neel Kabadi is exploring the impact of species charge and mass on multi-ion and kinetic effects in exploding-pusher implosions

Neel compared nuclear products from implosions of glass-shell capsules with DT fuel at Omega

to those from capsules with D3He fuel and T3He fuel

He was able to infer scaling laws for ion temperatures and ion-ion equilibration times.

p np p

D 3He

p n

Dp

n n

T 3Hep

n n

T

vs. vs.n

p p

n

See poster for more details.

Raspberry Simpson is studying ρR and ρR symmetry of Omega cryogenic ICF implosions by analyzing knock-on deuteron spectra

14• Frenje et al. POP 16 2009; Radha et al. POP 7 1999; • Skupsky et al. J.Appl.Phys 52 1982

High DensityFuel (DT)

Hot spot (DT)

n’

KO-D

n

ρR can be determined by matching shape of actual measured spectrum with a

simulated spectrum

Measured KO-D Spectrum

ρR symmetry can be studied by measuring spectra at

different directions wrt the capsule.

At Omega, KO-D spectracan be recorded

from 2 directions.

See poster for more details.

Brandon Lahmann is studying ion stopping in Warm Dense Matter with mono-energetic charged particles from the D3He proton backlighter on Omega

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Backlighter(laser-driven, D3He-filled

exploding pusher)

Backlighter proton spectra

DD-p D3He-p

Laser-driven Sample*

Protonspectrometers

Measured energy loss of D3He-p

See poster for more details.

Patrick Adrianis determining NIF-relevant Ion-Electron Equilibration Time from Stopping Power measurements below the Bragg Peak on Omega

Experiment: Measure DD-3He, DD-T, D3He-αstopping in imploded, D3He-filled

glass capsules at Omega

Analysis:Find equilibration time by using a theoretical relationship between

stopping power below Bragg Peak and ion-electron temperature

relaxation time

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Goal:Scale results to NIF hot-spot

conditions See poster for more details.

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D3He p(x100)DD p

T3He D (× 100)

OMEGA shot 14972

This new line will provide new information for determining the effects of electric fields, magnetic fields, and ion stopping in imaged plasmas.

Graeme Sutcliffeis developing a new Multi-Particle, Mono-Energetic Backlighting and Stopping-Power Platform for Omega (and then the NIF)

𝐷𝐷 + 𝐷𝐷 → 𝑇𝑇 + 𝑝𝑝 (3.0 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀)𝐷𝐷 + 3𝐻𝐻𝑀𝑀 → 𝛼𝛼 + 𝑝𝑝 (14.7 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀)

𝑇𝑇 + 3𝐻𝐻𝑀𝑀 → 𝛼𝛼 + 𝑑𝑑 (9.5 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀)

Lines from original D3He backlighter

New additional line from DT3He backlighter

See poster for more details.

Mason Black: Initial simulations of hohlraulm radiography on Omega show that the 9.5-MeV D line in the new Tri-Particle BacklighterPlatform will provide new information on E and B fields

3 MeV proton 9.5 MeV deuteron 14.7 MeV proton

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Radiograph simulations assuming E fields that were seen in previous experiments at Omega using a 14.7-MeV-proton backlighter.Simplified radiography diagram

Backlighter

Laser-driven hohlraum

CR-39Imagingdetector

See poster for more details.

In 2017 MIT supported 25 shots days on Omega and NIF of other researchers

Example of Weibel instability observed in Chan Huntington et al’s experiments on Omega, and published in Nature Physics (2015).

A physical picture of the evolution of fuel assembly, hot-spot formation, α-heating, and burn can be provided by the MRSt neutron spectrometer

Cody Parker is working on the MRSt[1] for measurements of time-resolved neutron spectra at Omega/NIF for determination of Yn(t), Ti(t), and ρR(t)

14 MeV

110 cm

82 cm

600 cm

CD foil onhohlraum

Focal plane

16 MeV

12 MeV

Aperture

CsI PC

MCPsAnodearray

To digitizers

Magnet

Magnet

[1] J.A. Frenje et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 11D806 (2016) 20See poster for more details.

Present projects at NIF and Z

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On NIF:pTOF magnetic spectrometer for charged particles

On NIF:pTOF nuclear bang timemeasurements

On NIF:Studying implosion convergence with secondary fusion products

On Z:Developing a compact neutron spectrometer

On NIF:

Developing tri-particle backlighter

Analyzing compact proton spectrometer data

For NIF:DevelopingMRSt

For NIF:Charged-particle radiography simulations

Hong Sio

Neel Kabadi

Brandon Lahmann

Greame Sutcliffe

Mason Black

Cody Parker

During a 5-year period from 2012 to 2017, the MIT students produced:

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• 9 theses

• 47 first-author publications

• 135 conference presentations

• 14 invited talks

Many of these documents can be found on the MIT website: https://www1.psfc.mit.edu/research/hedp/

MIT HEDP Division

Z MachineOmega Laser Facility

SSAP Symposium, February 2018

National Ignition Facility

A crucial part of student work is porting advanced new diagnostics to Omega, NIF, and Z, then analyzing experiments there

In the last two decades, over 40 universities and their students have conducted experiments and theoretical studies at the Omega facility

Princeton U.U.C. Berkeley U.C. San Diego U.C. DavisU.C.L.A.U. of Maryland U. of Florida Ohio U.U. of MichiganRochester Inst. Tech.

Syracuse U.U. of WisconsinM.I.T. U. of Nevada/RenoU. of ChicagoWashington State U.SUNY GeneseoU. of New HampshireOhio State U.Notre Dame U.

Gettysburg CollegeRice U.U. of IowaWest Virginia U.Virginia TechStanford U.U. of RochesterIndiana U.U. of Texas, AustinU. of New Mexico

Johns Hopkins U.Bordeaux U. Ecole PolytechniqueU. of OxfordOsaka U.U. of PortugalImperial College LondonU. of RomeYork U.Uppsala U.

4OMEGA IS ESSENTIAL TO THE FIELD OF HED Science