miyasaki october 2000. apec tpt-wg 182 project aims to identify best practice and develop mechanisms...
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Miyasaki October 2000Miyasaki October 2000
APEC TPT-WG 18 2
PROJECT AIMSPROJECT AIMS
To identify best practice and develop mechanisms for mutual recognition of transport professional qualifications between APEC economies.
Stage 1: Identification of priority professions
Stage 2: Preparation and distribution of survey instrument - entry requirements (qualifications)
- accreditation, licensing and registration systems - co-operative practices - barriers / impediments
Stage 3: Analysis of results - establish scope for practical model
Stage 4: Establishment of framework of recommended practices
APEC TPT-WG 18 3
SELECTED PROFESSIONSSELECTED PROFESSIONS
Air traffic controller
Flight crew
Aircraft maintenance engineer
Professional railway engineer
Intermodal/logistics systems manager
Commercial vehicle operator (truck driver)
APEC TPT-WG 18 4
METHODOLOGY 1METHODOLOGY 1
Initial consultations in Australia
Six surveys designed
Surveys endorsed by APEC TPT-WG 17
Surveys distributed via Heads of Delegation
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METHODOLOGY 2 - AnalysisMETHODOLOGY 2 - Analysis
Discussion and analysis of data utilised a range of inputs:
the survey responses from each economy and each profession -
provide a ‘snapshot’ only
international perspectives, models and frameworks
other relevant known factors about each profession
outcomes of previous related surveys conducted by APEC and
input and feedback from the APEC TPT-WG, the Steering
Committee for this project and industry representatives in Australia.
APEC TPT-WG 18 6
INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES 1INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES 1
European Union - two general directives, 1989 and 1992
… a corresponding profession in another member state is [one which] includes a substantial number of the professional activities comprised in the profession in the host member state. Thus [there needs to be] a substantial degree of commonality between the professional activities of any “profession” if the terms of the Directive are to achieve mutual recognition.
Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Agreement
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INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES 2INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES 2
In-country/economy recognition mechanisms
National Academic Recognition Information Centres (European Union) Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials Australian Office of Overseas Skills Recognition Permanent Committee on Evaluation and Recognition of Qualifications – Malaysia
International professional associations’ projects
APEC Engineer project Mutual Recognition of Surveyors’ Qualifications
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INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES 3INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES 3
Models of Mutual Recognition
Reciprocity Agreements
Harmonisation of Qualifications
Mutual Recognition of Qualifications (principle of ‘mutual trust’)
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SURVEY RESULTS - Table of RespondentsSURVEY RESULTS - Table of Respondents
ECONOMIESAir TrafficControllers
Flight Crew Licensed AircraftMaintenanceEngineers
Intermodal/Logistics SystemsManagers
Railway Engineer CommercialVehicle Operator/Truck Driver
Australia
Brunei Darussalam No railways in Brunei
Canada
Chile
China
Hong Kong(China)
Indonesia
Japan
Korea
Malaysia
Mexico
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea No railways in PNG
Peru
Philippines
Russia
Singapore Industry notregulated
Industry notregulated
Chinese Taipei
Thailand
USA
Vietnam
Total 12 10 12 8 7 10
APEC TPT-WG 18 10
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS (ATC) SURVEY - AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS (ATC) SURVEY - 12 Responses12 Responses
Commonality in general requirements to gain an ATC licence.
Variations in currency and recency requirements of licence.
One-quarter based training on ICAO.
Very little recognition of foreign licences, qualifications & experience.
No MR agreements apart from TTMRA.
Main restriction to employment of ATCs – nationality or citizenship
APEC TPT-WG 18 11
FLIGHT CREW (FC) SURVEY - FLIGHT CREW (FC) SURVEY - 10 Responses10 Responses
Commonality in general requirements to gain a FC licence
(depended on licence type).
Variations in currency and recency requirements of licences.
6 out of 10 registered differences in standard under ICAO.
Training varied considerably, depended on type of licence.
Almost all economies recognised foreign FC licences, qualifications
& experiences.
No MR agreements apart from TTMRA.
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LICENSED AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS LICENSED AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS (AME) Survey - 12 Responses(AME) Survey - 12 Responses
Commonality in general requirements to gain an AME licence
(depended on licence type & category). Variations in currency and recency requirements of licences. Most economies (3/4) recognise foreign licences, qualifications
and experience. Aust., Canada & NZ had recognition arrangements/agreements. Fewer restrictions on employment of foreign AMEs than ATCs, but
varied conditions.
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AVIATIONAVIATION
Summary
Very little evidence of mutual recognition agreements
(apart from TTMRA) or interest in pursuing them.
ICAO’s standards and specifications – minimum only?
Uniqueness of ATC requirements stressed.
Implications for future – ICAO’s auditing role.
Motivation for mutual recognition needed – for example,
world wide shortage of AMEs.
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PROFESSIONAL RAILWAY ENGINEERS PROFESSIONAL RAILWAY ENGINEERS (PRE) SURVEY – 7 Responses(PRE) SURVEY – 7 Responses
Fewer, less detailed responses.
No separate registration needed; or not always needed.
Minimum qualification most commonly an undergraduate
engineering degree.
APEC Substantial Equivalence Framework for engineers not known
by most respondents.
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APEC REISTER OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS APEC REISTER OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS
Aim: To reduce the licensing and registration barriers to work in another economy.
Open to engineers in participating economies who have:
completed an accredited or recognised engineering program been assessed within their own jurisdiction as eligible for independent
practice gained a minimum of seven years practical experience since graduation spent at least two years in responsible charge of significant engineering work and maintained their continuing professional development at a satisfactory level.
The following APEC economies were authorised (July) to implement the registers: Australia; Canada; Hong Kong, China; Japan; Korea; Malaysia and New Zealand.
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COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATORS COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OPERATORS (CVO) SURVEY– 10 Responses(CVO) SURVEY– 10 Responses
Almost all have national body for specifying licence requirements. 50% have economy-wide testing; 50% testing done by range of organisations. Clearly identifiable performance requirements. Classifications varied but comparisons could be made. Very little compulsory training needed. Details of testing varied (eg night driving). Almost all have national computer data base for licence holders. All had range of procedures for recognition of foreign licences. A number of Recognition Agreements stated: TTMRA (Aust. & NZ);
Canada, USA & Mexico; Land International Transportation Agreement
(Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador & Venezuela).
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INTERMODAL/LOGISTICS SYSTEMS INTERMODAL/LOGISTICS SYSTEMS MANAGERS SURVEY – 8 ResponsesMANAGERS SURVEY – 8 Responses
Range of job titles and work roles used and described.
Almost no entry level qualifications required into above positions.
Great variety of training in existence.
Future skill needs identified in all areas of profession (eg warehouse, transport
& logistics management; systems analysis & IT skills, import-export admin.)
No recognition arrangements mentioned.
Possibilities of joining with other APEC project of ‘Intermodal Task Force’
to develop further work in this area.
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BARRIERS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO BARRIERS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO MUTUAL RECOGNITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION
Barrier/Impediment ATC AME FC PRE CVO IM/ LM
Lack of internationally-recognisedand/or agreed standards
Lack of laws and regulations, nationalstandards, qualifications and/oraccreditation agencies
Difficulty of verifying foreign licences
Difficulty of verifying foreigntraining/qualifications
Difficulty of verifying foreignregistration
(Lack of) integrity of foreign licencesystems
Disparity in driving standards Procedures, training and varieties of
licences unique to individualeconomies
Lack of contact with APEC economies
Requirement for nationality
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BENEFITS OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION BENEFITS OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION
Not as easily identifiable – none identified in FC and PRE surveys.
Most frequently stated – possibility for a reduction of basic training,
testing and licensing requirements and related cost-savings.
Improve road safety and driving ability (CVOs).
Improve performance (ATCs).
Establish and standardise rules for issuing a licence (CVOs).
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Best Practice in Cooperative Arrangements, Best Practice in Cooperative Arrangements, Accreditation, Recognition and Development of Accreditation, Recognition and Development of
Professional Qualifications Professional Qualifications
Land International Transportation Agreement (ATIT)
Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Agreement (TTMRA)
Professional Engineers Board, Singapore
Institution of Engineers, Australia
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Establishing the Scope for a Practical Model for Establishing the Scope for a Practical Model for Best Practice in Mutual Recognition Best Practice in Mutual Recognition
Many factors affect the possibility, need and motivation for
recognition:
Immigration and work permit laws.
Supply and demand in domestic labour markets.
Common land borders and trade routes.
Concerns about safety and other standards being lowered.
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PERSUADING FACTORS PERSUADING FACTORS
Aviation: need consensus on international standards (ICAO’s role); verifiably similar training; shortages of AMEs.
Professional Railway Engineers: verifying other economies’ qualifications; opportunities for exchange programs.
Intermodal/logistics managers: meeting supply & demand, lack of local employees).
Lessons from existing recognition models etc:
establishment of transparent systems and procedures of accreditation (of programs and institutions), licensing and registration within each economy
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GUIDING PRINICIPLES FOR GOOD PRACTICEGUIDING PRINICIPLES FOR GOOD PRACTICEIN (MUTUAL) RECOGNITION IN (MUTUAL) RECOGNITION
comparable entry-level qualifications
job description/s
a regulatory environment (possibly international)
registration requirements
Necessary Conditions:
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GUIDELINES FOR RECOGNITION PROCEDURESGUIDELINES FOR RECOGNITION PROCEDURESFOR QUALIFICATIONS AND LICENCES FOR QUALIFICATIONS AND LICENCES
The recognition of a foreign qualification or licence should:
situate the qualification or licence within the framework of the education, training or licensing system to which it belongs
identify the level and type of qualification or licence in the system of the economy in which recognition is sought and
determine whether similarities between foreign and domestic qualifications or licences are sufficient for recognition to be
granted.
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STAGE 4 OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION PROJECT STAGE 4 OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION PROJECT
… involves
the establishment of a framework for best practices focusing on particular characteristics of transport jobs in demand or of a high degree of
mobility a mechanism to facilitate recognition relating to
transparency, consistency and quality assurances in accreditation and recognition system.