moisture theory and airt techn apr13

8/18/2019 Moisture Theory and AirT Techn APR13

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Introduction to

Psychrometricsand

AirT TechniqueGerard MojetDevelopment Manager AirT (global) – Market Communication & Training

April 20!


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" #umidit$ i% cau%ed b$ ater 'apour in air

" ater 'apour i% ater in ga%eou% pa%e* but belo boiling

temperature

" e al%o +re,uentl$ u%e te ord -Moi%ture.

Humidity And Water Vapour


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The Composition Of Air

Earth Surface

Air Pressure

101 kPa

1013 mbar

760 mm Hg

PartialPressures

~1% No!e "ases Ar# etc$

~1% O O&y"en

~'(% N Nitro"en

)*+% HO Water Vapour

Air

VapourPressure


4/66

" #umidit$ /atio (or -Ab%olute #umidit$.)

– Te amount o+ (kilo)gram% o+ ater vapour per kilogram% o+ (dr$) air (",-")ote1 o++iciall$* Ab%olute #umidit$ i% gm3

" /elative #umidit$

– Te ratio (in %) beteen te actual ,uantit$ o+ ater vapour in te air and

te ma4imum ,uantit$ o+ ater vapour tat te air can contain at a certain

temperature

Ho. To /uantify Humidity


5/66

" arm air can contain more ater vapour tan cold air

" Air at a certain temperature ill ave a corre%ponding ma4imum

content o+ ater vapour

" en too muc ater vapour i% in te air (at a certain temperature)*

te air i% -%aturated. and te e4ce%% moi%ture ill conden%e out

" Ti% can appen en te temperature +all%

" Too much ta!-in"00 et2s ma-e it more VI34A0$$

Humidity And Temperature


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H5 Chart 6I5 Chart# 7o!!ier Chart8


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Psychrometric Chart 6Carrier Chart8


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In Continenta! 9urope


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:asics of the H5 Chart

;)

+<

+)

<

)

1<

1)

<

)

*<

*1)

*1<

*)

=)

)11

;)

+<

+)

<

)

1<

1)

<

)

*<

*1)

*1<

*)

=)

)11

Humidity ?atio

",-"

Temperature

@C

T e m p e r a t u r e @ C

Humidity ?atio ",-"

/emember 5 %aid1-Air at a certain

temperature ill ave

a corre%ponding

ma4imum content o+

ater vapour.66666

At 207C ti% i% 869 gkg

At :7C it i% 069 gkg

At 07C it i% ;69 gkg

At :7C it i% :68 gkg

At 07C it i% !6 a t u

r a t i o

n l i n

e

> a t u r

a t i o n l i n

e


10/66


;)

+<

+)

<

)

1<

1)

<

)

*<

*1)

*1<

*)

=)

)11

T e m p e r a t u r e @ C

Humidity ?atio ",-"

5magine tere i%


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12/66

?e!atie Humidity Cyc!e Burin" ; Hours

Time i% in TC (Coordinated niver%al Time)

(@ormer Greenic Mean Time (GMT))


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Time i% in TC (Coordinated niver%al Time)

(@ormer Greenic Mean Time (GMT))


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Da$

igt


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?e!atie Humidity in Winter Outside ersus

Inside

Eut%ide

5n%ide


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Condensation et2s hae a eer

ice

>ummer

condition

A cool beer o+ 97C

Feer

97C

Gla%%

97C

Air la$er

on gla%%

97C

De point

temperature (tD)


17/66

Vapour Pressure

o 'apour re%%ure

in %imple Munter%

4=cart

Vapour Pressure

i% more or le%%

proportiona! to

7oisture Content


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Bry and Wet :u! Temperature

Dry BulbThermometerindicates”real”temperature

Wet BulbThermometershows amountof evaporationfrom wick

Air Velocity Min. 2,6 m/s

Difference tDB – tWBindicates humidity


19/66

Wet :u! 7easurement

>ling p%$crometer

A%%mann

et ick

@an

et ick in%ide


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" Te energ$ contained in air HkIkgJ

" Air i% a mi4ture o+ dr$ air and ater vapour

" Te entalp$ o+ umid air con%i%t% o+

" te %peci+ic eat o+ te dr$ air component (>en%ible eat)

" te evaporation eat o+ te ater vapour component (Katent eat)

" te %peci+ic eat o+ te ater vapour component

" Lntalp$ i% named -. – ence te name =4 cart

" >tart point (B0) i% kg o+ completel$ dr$ air at 07C and kg o+ li,uid ater at

07C6

" 9ntha!py is not an aso!ute a!ue it is used to ca!cu!ate entha!py

differences$

9ntha!py , Heat Content


21/66

>peci+ic eat o+ te dr$ air component

h1 D 1#)1 E t

Lvaporation eat o+ te ater vapour component

h D #peci+ic eat o+ te ater vapour component

h! B 1#(; E & E t , 1)))

9ntha!py

tB7C 4Bgkg BkIkg

*0 t

t

*0 t2*0 t!

t2

t!

4

2*:02 4

4

*


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h D h1 F h% F h+

h D 1#)1 E t F #


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Bra. a Comp!ete raph .ith h# & 6and t8

t

t2

t!

4

t8

4

4

t

4

t


24/66

Ho. to 7a-e a h&*chartJ

t

t2

t!

4

t8

value (entalp$ – kIkg)

4 v a l u e ( u m i d i t $ r a t i o = g 2 k g )

t v a l u

e ( t e m

p e r a t u r

e = 7 C )

4=%cale

= % c

a l e

t = % c a l e

4=%cale

t

t2

t!

t8t value (temperature = 7C)

v a l u e ( e n t a l p $ – k I 2 k g )

4 v a l u e ( u m i d i t $ r a t i o = g 2 k g )

ull don@i4ed

) = % c a l e


25/66

9ntha!py ines

0

>)@

0


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9ntha!py 9ner"y Ca!cu!ations

% % # =

- G , - "


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The Varia!es Of The Psychrometric Chart

" tDB = Dry bulb temperature, °C

" x = Moisture content, kg/kg dry air" φ = Relative umidity, ! R"" tD# = De$ point temperature, °C

" p = %apour pressure, k#a &mm "g'" t(B = (et bulb temperature, °C

" &i' = )ntalpy, k*/kg &kcal/kg'


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7i&in" Air

Condition A

87C* ;0? /#

Condition F!07C* 80? /#

Mi4ing :0? o+ condition A it :0?

o+ condition F

Mi4 condition C B 227C* :0?

Mi4ing ;:? o+ condition A and 2:?

o+ condition F

Te ratio o+ te mi4ing condition i%

re+lected on te lengt o+ te line6

Mi4ing point C i% at 2:? o+ te total

line lengt +rom point A and at ;:?

o+ te total line lengt +rom point F6

Mi4 condition C B


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No. et2s Ta!-

AirT Techno!o"ies


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Behumidification


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o.erin" Humidity

#eating

De%iccant

deumidi+ication

Coolingand /eeat


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Heatin"

#eating

NO moi%ture removedR

Enl$ /elative

#umidit$ i% loered


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Coo!in" 6and ?eheat8

Coolingand ?eheat

Moi%ture removedR

/#? i% %till 00?


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Condensation Behumidifier Operatin" Princip!e


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Coo!in" 6and ?eheat8

Coolingand /eeat

Te cooling coil ill +reeSe

roblem% it

de point%

belo :=


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Besiccant BehumidificationMoi%ture removedR

Fut al%o

temperature i%

increa%ed


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en ater vapour i% removed +rom te air* te air temperature ill ri%edue to relea%e o+ -Lvaporation #eat. in e4cange o+ te removed vapour6

Ti% i% a Ka o+ $%ic%R

itout additional mea%ure% te -Dr$ air. temperature i%

ala$% hi"her tan te -roce%% air. temperature6

Depending on te amount o+ ater vapour removed* ti%

ri%e migt be 20=2:7C (te unit running at +ull capacit$)6

"5n man$ %imple application% ti% i% not a problem* becau%e te actual air+lo i% ver$ lo6

(@or in%tance1 Dr$ing a car garage bo4 re,uire% le%% energ$ tan a air dr$er)

"en it i% a problem* -po%t=cooling. i% applied to neutrali%e ti% natural e++ect6

">ometime% te additional eat i% elcome (+or in%tance >pra$ Dr$ing to make poder%)6

"@olloing te %ame Ka o+ $%ic%* adding ater vapour to te air a% a cooling e++ect6 Ti% i%

u%ed in -Lvaporative Cooling.6

?emoin" Water Vapour Krom Air atural Ka% o+ $%ic%

Dr$ air

temperature

i% iger roce%% air


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Process airthroughB-Bed

Regenerationof A-Bed

Inge-95

A. B.A.B.

Regenerationof B-Bed

Process airthroughA-Bed

Valve position 12.= Wet air, out4.= Dry air, out

Valve position 22.= Wet air, out4.= Dry air, out

Adsorption Behumidifier*:eds# Intermittent Type


39/66

Adsorption Behumidifier?otatin" 7u!ti Verti-a! :ed Type * 7V:

Inge-95

Wet airProcess air

Regeneration airDry air

Turningdirection

Sealings separatingRegeneration/Wet airfrom Process/Dry air


40/66

3orption Behumidifier?otor Type * 7unters Ori"ina! Patent

Inge-95

Process air Dry air

Reactivation airWet airSealings separatingProcess/Dry air from Reactivation/Wetair


41/66

7unters ?otor Princip!e


42/66

#umidit$ /atio

T e m p e r a t u r e

t d b

'apour pre%%ure

/#

e n

t ) a l p $

k I 2 k g

?e"eneration

Process

Behumidification

Process

?e"eneration

Heatin"

7unters Princip!e

in h&*chart


43/66

7unters Princip!e

in h&*chart 675


44/66

Asorent Behumidifier iquid Type

Humid air Dry airWet air Regeneration air

Heating battery

Cooling battery

Dehumidificationchamber

Regenerationchamber

Inge-95


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Condensation ersus Besiccant Behumidifier


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Inge-95

Capacity ComparisonCondensation s 3orption


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Inge-95

Costs ComparisonCondensation s 3orption

807C

!07C

207C

07C

07C

=07C

!0?

:0?

80?

00?

: gkg : gkg

t W:t B: D

Approximately equalPrices and Capacities

Lower operationalcosts; Condensation

Lower operationalcosts; Sorption

tDP=+5oC


48/66

Besiccant s Coo!in"B,H Capacities at


49/66

7unters ?otor Princip!e


50/66

7a-in" 9&tra Bry Air With

Pre*Coo!in"JVery dry air

coming out

>tage 2 – De%iccant /otor

drie% te air even +urter to

e4treme dr$ne%%

arm* ver$ moi%t air going in

>tage – Conden%ing out

on cooling coilC o l d ai r * j u%t abo v e + r e e S i ng

po i nt


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Te deumidi+$ing capacit$ o+ a %tandard deumidi+ier (running on nominal air+lo) cangenerall$ be canged troug te +olloing parameter%1

"/educed proce%% air %tream improved D4* reduced total capacit$ (kg)

"5ncrea%ed proce%% air %tream reduced D4* improved total capacit$ (kg)

"5ncrea%ed regeneration energ$ (Dt) improved D4 and improved total

capacit$ (kg)

"'ariou% oter parameter% ill al%o cange te deumidi+$ing capacit$6

">eparate %ector% are able to1

– increa%e te deumidi+$ing capacit$ (D4)

– acieve ver$ lo de point% (ultra dr$ air)

– %ave regeneration energ$ b$ energ$ recover$andor eat tran%+er in te rotor

?otor Process 7anipu!ation

L4ample


52/66

9ner"y Pur"e * Interna! Heat ?ecoery

Air @lo #eat Falance

Cool rotor %ur+ace +or optimal moi%ture removal

#ot air eat% up te rotor %ur+ace

urge air cool% te rotor again6

Te purge air i% eated b$ te

rotor %ur+ace and mi4ed it te

regeneration air* re%ulting in an

energ$ %aving6


53/66

?otor 3ector Variations


54/66

" Ene %,uare meter o+ media contain% over !00000 pa%%age%

" Ene cubic centimeter o+ media a% an internal de%iccant %ur+ace area

o+ : %,uare meter%6 (or about te %ame %ur+ace area a% al+ a

tenni% court)6

HoneyCome L ?otor Triia


55/66

M9O

VOC Aatement

::

7 t M !


56/66

7unters Meo!Cleaning air +rom to4ic -'olatile Erganic Compound%. ('ECU%)

" Te %ame ba%ic idea o+ a Munter% rotor6

" Fut no no de%iccant but anoter material

tat attract% %ub%tance% like (to4ic) %olvent%6

" Te eel i% regenerated at ig temperature%

and te recovered %olvent% are burned in a %pecial

oven6

" Eur main cu%tomer1 Inte!

" Munter% a% on 5ntelV% pre%tigiou% >upplier

Continuou% Wualit$ 5mprovement Aard %everal

time%6


57/66

9aporatie

Coo!in"

:;


58/66

9aporation Process Bra.s 9ner"y Krom Its

3urroundin"s

Lvaporation

Air +lo

>kin

>eat

Lnerg$ i% dran +rom te %kinand create% a cooling e++ect

An ever$ da$ e4ample1 uman %eat


59/66

9aporation Process Bra.s 9ner"y Krom Its

3urroundin"s

Lvaporation

#eat i% dran +rom te air

Air +lo Air i% cooled don

An energ$ neutral proce%% RRR

Lvaporation o+ ater droplet% in te air


60/66

7unters AirT Has T.o Types Of 9aporatie

Coo!in"

" Birect Lvaporative Cooling

" Indirect Lvaporative Cooling


61/66

Birect 9aporatie Coo!in"Munter% CLKdek

(arm air(arm air Cold airCold air

An increa%e o+ one gram o+ moi%ture content in a kilogram o+ air ill drop te temperature P 2*:7C6


62/66

Psychrometric Chart

Dir ect Lvaporative Cooling proce%%

(Adiabatic Cooling)Eut%ide condition !07C and :0?

Data Centre temperature re,uirement

Cold ai%le %uppl$ Tdb B 2!7C

L++icienc$ Q0?+utside

Condition-°C/..°

C

$(@C possi!e


63/66

" ater i% %pra$ed over tube% and anair+lo over te out%ide o+ te tube%evaporate% te ater droplet% +romte tube %ur+ace6

" Ti% cau%e% a cooling e++ect tatcool% te air +loing in%ide tetube%6

" Te to air+lo% are completel$%eparated* %o no moi%ture i% added

to te cooled air in%ide te tube%6

Indirect 9aporatie Coo!in"Munter% Ea%i% 5ndirect Lvaporative Cooler rinciple

&+nly one tube out o many so$n'


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Indirect 9aporatie Coo!in"Munter% Ea%i% 5ndirect Lvaporative Cooler in practice

ump

>ump

ater %pra$%

0ube detail

(armair

Cooled air

+utside air


65/66

Psychrometric Chart

!:

EPXcoolin

g

& e t b u l b t e m p e r a t u r e

TbB!*8

1>$>@C possi!e

+utsideCondition

12°C/1,3°C

5ndirect Lvaporative Cooling proce%%

Air o+ !:7C to be cooledEut%ide temperature Tdb B


66/66

Psychrometric Chart" %$crometric Cart

2! !:

Te tree mode%1

-Dr$. Mode -etted. Mode

->upplementar$ Cooling. Mode

i6e6 -etted. and

%upplementar$ mecanical

cooling

ote1 Te %on value% are valid onl$ at

te %peci+ied condition% RRR

Q

Oasis Indirect

9aporatie Coo!er

in .ettedJ mode

and

supp!ementary

mechanica!coo!in"

Oasis Indirect

9aporatie

Coo!er

in .ettedJ

mode

Oasis Indirect

9aporatie

Coo!er

in dryJ mode

moisture theory and airt techn apr13

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