LESSONS AND STRATEGIES TO ERADICATE FMD: THE PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE

International Workshop on Management and Control of Important Transboundary Animal Diseases in the Asian Pacific Region

July 25-29, 2016, Bay Leaf Hotel, Manila, Philippines

Reildrin Morales & Carolyn Benigno

Outline

• Background: FMD in the Philippines• The FMD control and eradication programme• Strategies• Critical Control Pathway• Progressive Zoning Approach• Conclusions• Lesson learned

1st case of FMD was documented in 1902 in meat animals imported from Hongkong

Type O 1952-2005

Type A 1975

Type C 1976

Type A - Last Reported 1983

Type C - Last Reported 1995

FMD in the Philippines

2009 LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY INDUSTRY

Sub-Sector Billion P Growth

Crops 632.0 +0.08%

Fisheries 215.6 -0.08%

Livestock/Poultry 340.3 +7.95%

Livestock & Poultry Production

53.2% Share18.2%

Share28.7% Share

AGRICULTURE Sector Production = P1.19T at Current Prices for 2.18% growth.

6%

46%2%3%

0%

32% 9%2%Commodity ‘000 MT Growth

Cattle 245.11 2.49%Swine 1,877.34 1.16%Goat 77.38 -0.81%Carabao 140.91 0.35%Dairy Cattle 14.27 3.33%Poultry-M 1,300.90 1.53%Poultry-E 368.46 5.04%Duck - M&E 75.57 -0.07%

Philippine Agriculture (then…)

Agriculture

Livestock and Poultry 26-29 %

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Agriculture16%-18%

6%

47%31%

1% 9% 1%3%

2%0%

Carabao Cattle HogGoat Dairy ChickenDuck Chicken Eggs Duck Eggs

Livestock and poultry Industry (during the last phase of eradication)

71%29%

Swine Raising

Backyard Farms Commercial Farms

Livestock Inventory by Farm Type

Species Farm Type 2007 2008 2009* % share*

Hog

Backyard 9,825,510 9,726,820 9,602,822 70.6

Commercial 3,633,820 3,974,200 3,993,577 29.4

Total 13,459,330 13,701,020 13,596,399 100.0

Carabao

Backyard 3,377,061 3,332,223 3,314,832 99.8

Commercial 6,544 6,347 6,134 0.2

Total 3,383,621 3,338,570 3,320,966 100.0

Cattle

Backyard 2,408,185 2,408,733 2,421,725 93.6

Commercial 157,664 157,759 164,661 6.4

Total 2,565,849 2,566,492 2,586,386 100.0

Goat

Backyard 4,015,979 4,135,744 4,178,607 99.0

Commercial 32,571 38,507 43,627 1.0

Total 4,048,550 4,174,251 4,222,234 100.0

Strategies

Animal Movement

Management

Disease Surveillance

and Monitoring

FMD Eradication Strategies

Public Awareness

Laboratory tests employed:

Indirect Sandwich ELISA for antigen detection from vesicular fluid and/or epithelium

Liquid Phase Blocking ELISA fro Antibody detection for surveillance and monitoring in FMD-free areas and monitoring of vaccination

Ceditest FMD-NS (Netherlands) or PrioCHECK® FMDV NS for detection of antibodies against non-structural proteins FMDV which is used in serosurveillance

FMD Diagnosis

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008(up to 3rd quarter

only)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Zoning

Zone 1 Total

Zone 2 Total

Zone 3 Total

FMD Serum Sample Submission 2000 to 2008

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Summary of epithelial in samples from Zone 2 tested in the FMD laboratory

No.

of S

ampl

e Te

sted

Public Awareness

• Radio program for livestock farmers (school-on-air) – Early morning programs to educate farmers– Engagement of farmers on importance of FMD

control• Educating other stakeholders

– Traders– Meat sellers– Consumers

Animal Movement Management

Farm Accreditation

REGION III No. of Commercial

Farms

PAMPANGA 257BULACAN 180TARLAC 40NUEVA ECIJA 57BATAAN 57ZAMBALES 29AURORA** 20**TOTAL 640

REGION IV-A No. of Commercial

Farms

BATANGAS 300

LAGUNA 100

RIZAL 40

QUEZON 60

CAVITE 60

Total 560

REGION I No. of Commercial

Farms

I.NORTE** 43

I.SUR 9

LA UNION 9

PANGASINAN 165

TOTAL 226

Vaccination

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

2008

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

Zone 1 Zo

ne 3 Zone 2

FMD

Vacc

ine

Dose

s Adm

inist

ered

Critical Control Pathway(Last Phase)

1030

5070

data

-10

05

1020

seas

onal

1015

2025

3035

40

trend

-30

-10

010

30

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

rem

aind

er

time

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

2004 2005 2006 2007

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

12

3

17

87

13

19

10

15

4

87 7

19

65

0 0 0

3

0 0 01

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

FMD Outbreaks2004-2007

DPWH

PPA

NMIC CMT/NP

FARM

SP/VHC

slaughter-house Public MarketStockyard

Viajero

• Created in 2003 to address the increasing incidence of outbreaks in slaughterhouses

• The CMT is a composite team of veterinarians that functions as the clinical surveillance arm of the NFMDTF

The FMD Compliance Monitoring Team (CMT)

CMTs are tasked to monitor critical livestock establishments such as farms, slaughterhouses, auction markets, weighing stations, stockyards and lechon (roast pig) establishments

CMTS ARE MANDATED BY BAI TO CONDEMN AND DESTROY FMD INFECTED ANIMALS

CMTs ensure stakeholder compliance to guidelines prescribed by BAI on animal movement and the ‘All-In All-Out Policy’ in slaughterhouses

The CMT detected 164 FMD outbreaks from 2004-2005 in NCR and nearby provinces

The CMT condemned and destroyed a total of 664 FMD infected animals from 2004 - 2005

CMT operations are conducted in coordination with LGU Field Officers

Stamping out of was executed by the CMT to arrest the disease where detected

A thorough cleaning and disinfection program is strictly implemented after every condemnation

Regular visits to various livestock and meat establishments (intensified public awareness targeting consumers)

Trip ni Super Pig

Promoting awareness on FMD and the advocacy on clean and safe meat

Progressive Zoning Approach

1. arrest the disease situation of a given area

2. protect the gains by upgrading the area’s status from infected to protected with corresponding required measures (based on the 4 Components) like movement control to prevent re-infection

3. further upgrade status-as per progress from protected to free zones (w/ or w/o vaccination) and correspondingly adapt stricter measures on livestock activities

Conclusion

• Presence of political support that translated to funding has been critical

• Implementation of appropriate, science-based policies

• A strong advocacy front brought the stakeholders on a common ground; to assume ownership of the program and implement given measures, as its intended beneficiaries

Continued…

• Presence of networks and existing collaborations among stakeholders

• Presence of a functional coordination platform that provides an avenue for implementers and stakeholders, to discuss and agree on issues

• The presence of a unique structure, a dedicated team- the FMD Task Force to work in carrying out the activities in the national plan, allowed simultaneous implementation of complementary activities to deliver desired results – including M&E

Lessons Learned

• Government policy is only as important as the capacity to implement them

• Everybody has to have their share (ownership)• Support to the program (and others like it) is

best translated to action and budget

Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. For by it the elders obtained a good report.

- Hebrews 11:1

Thank you very much…