Multi-level exercises

Two datasets are supplied for exercises throughout the course on multi-level analyses. The first,

TEACHER98, contain information from a Danish study of working conditions among Danish

teachers in 88 different public schools in 1998/99. The dataset contains both responses at individual

levels and context variables describing properties of schools where the teachers work. The second,

SCHOOLS, contains one record per school with all available context variables.

The data is described in the copies of the overheads from the lectures on the first day of the course.

Additional information may be found form the so-called SPSS file infos added to these notes.

Data is available as both SPSS and SAS files. During the course of the analysis you should perform

multi-level analyses of at least two response variables of your own choice. We suggest that you plan

the analysis in the following way:

a) Two initial conventional regression analysis including all relevant individual

variables plus either the School variable or the context variables as explanatory

(independent) variables.

b) An additional conventional regression analysis at school level examining the

dependence of the mean value of the response variable of interest on the available

contextual variables.

The purpose of the first two steps is to identify the explanatory variables to be included in the multi-

level analysis.

Finally the last part of the analysis should be

c) Multi-level analyses using including relevant explanatory variables with fixed

effects together with a random school effect. At the end of the analysis you should

be able to point out which variables to include in the model together with the

random school effect and to compare the fixed effects to the random effects.

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We assume that you have knowledge and experience with conventional regression analyses and

suggest that you do these analyses in the time between course dates, such that the time on the course

can be used to work on and discuss the results of the multi-level analyses. We will use SAS during

exercises because SPSS does not have adequate facilities for multi-level analyses, but you may of

course use SPSS (or any other statistical program that you may have experience with) for the initial

regression analyses. The results should, of course, not depend on your choice of software.

Finally, we suggest that you try to write a short informal report summarising the results of the

analysis and your conclusion concerning the need for random effects in the models. If you send us

this report shortly after the course we will return it with some comments before summer vacation.

The SAS data sets come without value labels. The labels of the variables may be found in the SPSS

file infos on the following pages. The missing labels should be of no problem during the multi-level

analyses.

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File info for TEACHER98

List of variables on the working file

Name (Position) Label

school (1) Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F2 Write Format: F2

sex (2) Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F1 Write Format: F1

Value Label

1 Male 2 Female

age (3) Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F2 Write Format: F2

nlessons (4) Number of lessons per week Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F9.2 Write Format: F9.2

merged (5) Has previously worked on a school that have been merged with the current school Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F1 Write Format: F1

Value Label

1 No 2 Yes

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ancien (6) Number of years at school Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F2 Write Format: F2

happy (7) Are you happy, being a teacher? Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2 Missing Values: 9,00

Value Label

1,00 No, not at all 2,00 No, not really 3,00 yes, to some degree 4,00 Yes, absolutely

move (8) Do you want to move to a different school? Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F9.2 Write Format: F9.2 Missing Values: 9,00

Value Label

1,00 No 2,00 Ia am considering 3,00 I will lokk for a different school 4,00 I have applied for a job at a different school 5,00 I have been accepted for a job at a different school 6,00 Jeg, men jeg tror ikke, jeg kan få andet job

absence (9) Number of periods with absence from work due to health problems Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

qualfreq (10) Relative frequency of lessons with special qualifications Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2 Missing Values: 100,00 thru 100000,0

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collab (11) Experienced degree of collaboration among teachers Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

demands (12) Experienced magnitude of demands Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

influenc (13) Degree of influence Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

managemt (14) Satisfaction with the management of the school Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

psychoso (15) Psychosomatic stress symptoms Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

psycholo (16) Psychological stress symptoms Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

stress (17) Total number of stress symptoms Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

physcond (18) Dissatisfaction with physical conditions at the school Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

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schyear (19) The year the school was build Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F9.2 Write Format: F9.2

Value Label

1,00 Forrige århundrede

nteacher (20) Number of teachers working at the school Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F9.2 Write Format: F9.2

families (21) Description of families of school children Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

Value Label

1,00 badly functioning 2,00 neither/nor 3,00 well functioning

multilan (22) More that 20 % of children from multilanguage families Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

Value Label

1,00 No 2,00 Yes

educlead (23) To which degree has the school principal has received supplementary training as a leader Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

Value Label

1,00 no 2,00 minor degree 3,00 some degree

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4,00 high degree

case (24) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 5 Alignment: Right Print Format: F5 Write Format: F5

Value Label

0 mean value at school

sch_sex (25) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_age (26) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_merg (27) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_anci (28) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_happ (29) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_move (30) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

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sch_abse (31) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_qual (32) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_coll (33) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_dema (34) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_infl (35) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_mana (36) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_soma (37) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_psyc (38) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

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sch_stre (39) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_phys (40) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

Mergesch (41) More than 5 % of teachers come from merged schools Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

Value Label

,00 no 1,00 yes

sch_nles (42) nlessons Number of lessons per week Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

happy2 (43) Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

Value Label

,00 no, not absolutely 1,00 yes, absolutely

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File Info for Schools

List of variables on the working file

Name (Position) Label

school (1) Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F2 Write Format: F2

schyear (2) The year the school was build Measurement Level: Ordinal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F9.2 Write Format: F9.2

Value Label

1,00 Forrige århundrede

nteacher (3) Number of teachers working at the school Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F9.2 Write Format: F9.2

families (4) Description of families of school children Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

Value Label

1,00 badly functioning 2,00 neither/nor 3,00 well functioning

multilan (5) More that 20 % of children from multilanguage families Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

Value Label

1,00 No 2,00 Yes

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educlead (6) To which degree has the school principal has received supplementary training as a leader Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

Value Label

1,00 no 2,00 minor degree 3,00 some degree 4,00 high degree

case (7) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 5 Alignment: Right Print Format: F5 Write Format: F5

Value Label

0 mean value at school

sch_sex (8) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_age (9) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_merg (10) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_anci (11) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

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sch_happ (12) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_move (13) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_abse (14) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_qual (15) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_coll (16) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_dema (17) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_infl (18) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_mana (19) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

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sch_soma (20) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_psyc (21) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_stre (22) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

sch_phys (23) Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

Mergesch (24) More than 5 % of teachers come from merged schools Measurement Level: Scale Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.2 Write Format: F8.2

Value Label

,00 no 1,00 yes

sch_nles (25) nlessons Number of lessons per week Measurement Level: Nominal Column Width: 8 Alignment: Right Print Format: F8.4 Write Format: F8.4

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