national marine fisheries service, noaa pacific...

NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands RegionOverview, September 2004

National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAANational Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA

Pacific Islands Pacific Islands Science Center & Regional OfficeScience Center & Regional Office


NOAA Fisheries Organizational Structure


Geographic Area of Geographic Area of NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands ResponsibilityNOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Responsibility

Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Guam

NorthernMarianaIslands Wake Island

Johnston IslandKingman ReefPalmyra Atoll

American Samoa

Howland andBaker Islands

Jarvis Island

Main Hawaiian Islands

Australia


MissionMissionNOAA Mission Goal 1: NOAA Mission Goal 1:

PROTECT, RESTORE, AND MANAGE THE USE PROTECT, RESTORE, AND MANAGE THE USE OF COASTAL AND OCEANIC RESOURCES OF COASTAL AND OCEANIC RESOURCES THROUGH ECOSYSTEMTHROUGH ECOSYSTEM--BASED BASED MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

•• Protect and restore ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes Protect and restore ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources;resources;

•• Recover protected species; andRecover protected species; and•• Rebuild and maintain sustainable fisheries.Rebuild and maintain sustainable fisheries.


Fishery Management PlansFishery Management Plans•• Pelagic speciesPelagic species

•• tunas, swordfish, billfish, sharks, etc.tunas, swordfish, billfish, sharks, etc.•• Northwestern Hawaiian IslandsNorthwestern Hawaiian Islands

–– BottomfishBottomfish•• snappers, groupers, jacks; seamount groundfishsnappers, groupers, jacks; seamount groundfish

–– LobsterLobster•• spiny and slipperspiny and slipper

•• Precious CoralsPrecious Corals•• Coral Reef EcosystemCoral Reef Ecosystem


Regulatory BranchFisheries Information / Permits

Sustainable Fisheries

Protected Species

Protected Resources

Coral Reef ProgramsGIS

Habitat Conservation

Budget & PurchasingHuman ResourcesGrants ManagementInformation Technology

Operations, Mgmt & Information

American Samoa Field Office

International Fisheries Fishery Observer Program

Deputy Regional Administrator

Regional AdministratorPacific Islands Pacific Islands Regional OfficeRegional Office


Programs. . .Programs. . .Programs. . .•• Sustainable FisheriesSustainable Fisheries

5 Fishery Management Plans5 Fishery Management Plans

•• Protected ResourcesProtected ResourcesFishery InteractionsFishery InteractionsMarine Mammals (Hawaiian Monk seal, whales, dolphins)Marine Mammals (Hawaiian Monk seal, whales, dolphins)Protected and Endangered Species (sea turtles)Protected and Endangered Species (sea turtles)

•• Habitat ConservationHabitat ConservationCoral Reef EcosystemCoral Reef EcosystemCoastal Zone ManagementCoastal Zone ManagementMarine Debris, Oil Pollution Act, Marine Invasive SpeciesMarine Debris, Oil Pollution Act, Marine Invasive Species

•• International FisheriesInternational Fisheries


Fishery Observers. . .Fishery Observers. . .Fishery Observers. . .

•• 100% Coverage 100% Coverage –– Swordfish Longline FisherySwordfish Longline Fishery•• Target 20% of Tuna Longline Fishery Target 20% of Tuna Longline Fishery •• Target 20% NWHI Bottomfish FisheryTarget 20% NWHI Bottomfish Fishery•• Implement Observers in American SamoaImplement Observers in American Samoa•• $500K annual grant for Native Observer Program$500K annual grant for Native Observer Program

Pacific Islands Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science CenterScience Center


NOAA Fisheries MissionNOAA Fisheries Mission

Stewardship of living marine Stewardship of living marine resources through scienceresources through science--

based conservation and based conservation and management and management and

the promotion of healthy the promotion of healthy ecosystemsecosystems


Science ObjectivesScience Objectives

To provide timely, highTo provide timely, high--quality applied quality applied marine science to support the stewardship marine science to support the stewardship of fisheries, protected species, and marine of fisheries, protected species, and marine ecosystems in the central and western ecosystems in the central and western Pacific OceanPacific Ocean

Fishery management (MSFCMA)Fishery management (MSFCMA)Marine mammal protection (MMPA)Marine mammal protection (MMPA)Endangered Species (ESA)Endangered Species (ESA)


History of the PIFSCHistory of the PIFSC

Honolulu Laboratory established in 1948 as Pacific Honolulu Laboratory established in 1948 as Pacific Oceanic Fisheries Investigation (POFI)Oceanic Fisheries Investigation (POFI)

Main facility located at UH main campusMain facility located at UH main campusSmaller research facility with seawater capabilities Smaller research facility with seawater capabilities located dockside at Kewalo Basinlocated dockside at Kewalo BasinHonolulu Lab elevated to independent NOAA Fisheries Honolulu Lab elevated to independent NOAA Fisheries science center in 2003science center in 2003


NOAA Ship NOAA Ship Oscar Elton SetteOscar Elton Sette243 annual allocation days: 243 annual allocation days:

FYFY--04: coral reefs (66), pelagics (56), 04: coral reefs (66), pelagics (56), lobster (28), protected species (46), and lobster (28), protected species (46), and benthic habitat (47)benthic habitat (47)

Chartered vessels: Chartered vessels: 300300--days for marine debris removal & days for marine debris removal &

lobster researchlobster research

Prior research platforms:Prior research platforms:Townsend Cromwell, Hugh M. Smith, Townsend Cromwell, Hugh M. Smith, Charles H. Gilbert, and Raymond B. Charles H. Gilbert, and Raymond B. ManningManning


PIFSC Organization ChartPIFSC Organization Chart

PIFSC Director’s PIFSC Director’s OfficeOffice

OPERATIONS, MANAGEMENT& INFORMATION

FISHERY BIOLOGY & STOCK

ASSESSMENTECOSYSTEMS &

OCEANOGRAPHYFISHERY

MONITORING & SOCIO-ECONOMICS

PROTECTED SPECIES

CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM


Fibropapilloma

Protected Resources DivisionHawaiian monk seals & sea turtles

Population assessmentsEcological research Health & diseaseUnusual Mortality Event (UME)

Response Plan Stranding & Training


Fish Biology & Stock Assessment Division

Stock Assessments of Commercial ResourcesLife History StudiesBy-catch mitigation researchPhysiological and Behavioral Research


Fisheries Monitoring & Socio-economic Division

HighHigh--quality and timely quality and timely commercial & recreational commercial & recreational fisheryfishery--dependent datadependent data

Western Pacific Fisheries Western Pacific Fisheries Information NetworkInformation Network

Economic research & analysisEconomic research & analysisSociological/cultural studiesSociological/cultural studies


Coral Reefs Ecosystem DivisionEcological Assessment & MonitoringBenthic Habitat Characterization and MonitoringOceanographic MonitoringEcological InteractionsMarine Debris (122t removed in 2003)


Carijoa riiesi

Environmental influences on resources: oceanography, habitat, climate

Ecosystems & Oceanography Division

16,799,26516,799,265TotalTotal38,06538,065Research vesselResearch vessel

1,260,3311,260,331Research seamountResearch seamountNANAResearch mammalResearch mammal

735,806735,806Research insularResearch insular1,682,3781,682,378Research environmentalResearch environmental

38,53238,532Research biologicalResearch biological11,49411,494Fisheries vesselFisheries vessel72,95872,958Fisheries landingsFisheries landings

2,887,2602,887,260Fisheries economicsFisheries economics761,991761,991LonglineLongline observerobserver

1,122,5561,122,556LonglineLongline logbooklogbook4,636,1164,636,116HDARHDAR3,494,7083,494,708Fisheries CatchFisheries Catch

Record countRecord countDataset typeDataset type

CREIOS Observing SystemCREIOS Observing SystemSurface Moorings (telemetered)

CREWS Buoys - 7 SST Buoys - 14

Subsurface Moorings (archived)Ocean Data Platforms (ODP) - 5Wave & Tide Recorders (WTR) - 15Subsurface Temperature Recorders (STR) - 64Current Meters – 3/0

Shallow water CTD/Radiometer casts - fine scale Deepwater CTD/ADCP transects – course scaleDrifters (SVP) – 44, (APEX) - 6 Satellite Remote Sensing (developing Ocean Atlases*)

SST SSH (currents/eddited)Winds Ocean Color (chlorophyll, bleaching)

Surface Moorings (telemetered)CREWS Buoys - 7 SST Buoys - 14

Subsurface Moorings (archived)Ocean Data Platforms (ODP) - 5Wave & Tide Recorders (WTR) - 15Subsurface Temperature Recorders (STR) - 64Current Meters – 3/0

Shallow water CTD/Radiometer casts - fine scale Deepwater CTD/ADCP transects – course scaleDrifters (SVP) – 44, (APEX) - 6 Satellite Remote Sensing (developing Ocean Atlases*)

SST SSH (currents/eddited)Winds Ocean Color (chlorophyll, bleaching)


Approach: Merging TechnologiesApproach: Merging Technologies‘Satellite Remote Sensing’‘Satellite Remote Sensing’

Provides Provides spatial coveragespatial coverage and and time time seriesseries of:of:

SST (AVHRR, GOES): physical SST (AVHRR, GOES): physical fronts/eddiesfronts/eddiesSea surface height (TOPEX): Sea surface height (TOPEX): currents/currents/mesoscalemesoscale variabilityvariabilityOcean color (Ocean color (SeaWiFSSeaWiFS): biological ): biological frontsfronts

Temporal: days to weeksTemporal: days to weeksHorizontal: 10Horizontal: 1033 mi mi


NOAA ship Townsend Cromwell

In situ Shipboard surveys:

High resolution vertical structure of:High resolution vertical structure of:TemperatureTemperatureSalinitySalinityChlorophyllChlorophyllDissolved oxygenDissolved oxygenNutrients & accessory pigments Nutrients & accessory pigments Currents (ADCP)Currents (ADCP)

Influence of Influence of mesoscalemesoscale dynamic dynamic variability variability Horizontal resolution: 10Horizontal resolution: 102 2 mimi

Bigeye Oceanographic MooringBigeye Oceanographic Mooring

TemperatureTemperature13 depths (25 13 depths (25 -- 700 m)700 m)

Velocity (shear)Velocity (shear)50,100,150,200, 350 m50,100,150,200, 350 m

Conductivity (salinity)Conductivity (salinity)50 and 350 m50 and 350 m

Dissolved Oxygen (350 m)Dissolved Oxygen (350 m)Pressure (50 m)Pressure (50 m)11stst Deployment DecDeployment Dec--1999, 1999, retrieved Decretrieved Dec--2000200022ndnd Deployment DecDeployment Dec--2000, 2000, retrieved Novretrieved Nov--2001200133rdrd Deployment Deployment –– June 2002?June 2002?


Subtropical Frontal Zone surveysSubtropical Frontal Zone surveys8 longitudinal + 1 zonal 8 longitudinal + 1 zonal transects; range: 556transects; range: 556--1139 1139 km (300 km (300 –– 615 mi) long615 mi) longAprilApril--May, 1996May, 1996--2000 2000 (except one in March (except one in March 1997)1997)500 m CTD casts + rosette 500 m CTD casts + rosette mounted 10L mounted 10L NiskinNiskin bottles bottles 28 km (15 28 km (15 nminmi) ) stnstn. . resolutionresolutionOnly 2 of 8 transects Only 2 of 8 transects crossed both fronts (1997 crossed both fronts (1997 & 1998)& 1998)


Topex altimetry – April-May 1997 In situ survey: 889 km

TZCF

DEPTH

LATITUDE

T

S

sig-t

Chl

N


Considerable interannual variability in latitudinal position and intensity of the SSTF & STF; ca. 300 km shift in frontal positions between 1996-97 at 172°W and 1998-99 at 158°W.

141415

1515

1516

1616

17

18

19

9

20 21222223 23

131

14 14 1415151616

17

18

192021

2223

13

1414

15

16

16

17

17 17

18

18 181818

1919

1919

20

21

22

1314

15 151516 16

1617

1718

19

119

20

212223

13 13 114

14

15 15 15

16

17

1

1819

2020

21 2122

DEPTH

LATITUDE

Temperature (°C), 1996-2000

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

SSTF

SSTF

STF

0.2

0.20.2 0.2 0.

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4 0.40.4 0.40.4 0.4

0.4 0.40.4

0.40.40.60.6 0.6 0.6

0.60.6

LATITUDE

In situ chloropigment (mg/m3), 1996-2000

TCZF


Satellite remote sensing of temperature (GOES-SST) and chlorophyll-a (SeaWiFS) for two Hawaiian eddies

In situ shipboard surveys

Chl-a from SeaWiFSGOES SSTGOES: geostationary, GOES: geostationary, ca. 1 image/hr, helped ca. 1 image/hr, helped w/ NRT & clouds … w/ NRT & clouds … eddies now predictableeddies now predictableLoretta first spun up in Loretta first spun up in May 1999May 1999Strongest in September Strongest in September 1999 (core SST=23.5°C) 1999 (core SST=23.5°C) … surface … surface ChlChlexpressionexpressionMikaleleMikalele spun up in Oct spun up in Oct 1999, short1999, short--livedlivedNov 1999 Nov 1999 ---- two two transects, 185 km (100 transects, 185 km (100 mi) longmi) long18 km 18 km stnstn. resolution. resolution1000 m CTD casts 1000 m CTD casts


Vertical structure of temperature, chloropigments, and nutrients through the eddies

Upper ocean doming of isopleths Upper ocean doming of isopleths –– eddy eddy influenceinfluenceMagnitude of vertical displacement & Magnitude of vertical displacement & compression of isopleths more pronounced compression of isopleths more pronounced in mature eddyin mature eddyVertical distribution (Vertical distribution (chlchl, N+N) closely , N+N) closely tracked isothermstracked isothermsMaximum ADCP current velocities 70 Maximum ADCP current velocities 70 ((MikaleleMikalele) and 85 (Loretta) cm s) and 85 (Loretta) cm s--11

Nutrients (N+N) 3 to 15 fold higher than Nutrients (N+N) 3 to 15 fold higher than control control stnsstns..Modeled 1° production increased 65% in Modeled 1° production increased 65% in MikaleleMikalele, 2, 2--fold in Lorettafold in Loretta


NOAA NOAA CoastWatchCoastWatch ––Central Pacific NodeCentral Pacific Node

Main Webpage:Main Webpage:

•• Information about Information about CW & CW Central CW & CW Central Pacific NodePacific Node

•• Contact InformationContact Information

•• Free & unrestricted Free & unrestricted access to satellite access to satellite datasetsdatasets

•• Outreach EffortsOutreach Efforts

•• External Links http://http://coastwatchcoastwatch..nmfsnmfs..hawaiihawaii..edueduExternal Links


Satellite Products Currently Satellite Products Currently Supported by CoastWatchSupported by CoastWatch

1. Sea Surface Temperature:1. Sea Surface Temperature:• AVHRR HRPT/GAC• GOES

2. Sea Surface Height:2. Sea Surface Height:• TOPEX/Poseidon• Jason-1

3. Winds:3. Winds:• QuikSCAT

4. Ocean Color (Chlorophyll 4. Ocean Color (Chlorophyll aa):):• SeaWiFS• MODIS

5. Online Archive Containing 5. Online Archive Containing Historical DataHistorical Data


Geographic CoverageGeographic Coverageof CoastWatch Productsof CoastWatch Products

• Most CW data sets are available for the entire Pacific• Accessible via the web in areas of “interest”


CoastWatchCoastWatch Products Products -- Data Data HoldingsHoldings

•• AVISO (Ocean Altimetry) AVISO (Ocean Altimetry) –– 2.7 GB2.7 GB•• AVHRR AVHRR -- GAC (SST) GAC (SST) –– 29.5 GB29.5 GB•• GOES (SST) GOES (SST) –– 8.1 GB8.1 GB•• MODIS MODIS AquaAqua (Ocean Color) (Ocean Color) –– 8.9 GB8.9 GB•• MODIS MODIS TerraTerra (Ocean Color) (Ocean Color) –– 10.4 GB10.4 GB•• QuikSCATQuikSCAT (Surface Winds) (Surface Winds) –– 1.7 GB1.7 GB


Sample AVHRR GACSample AVHRR GAC


GOES SeaGOES Sea--Surface TemperatureSurface Temperature

• Data acquired by CoastWatch HQ

• Calibrated & Processed at CW Hawaii

• Updated 5 times/day

• Resolution ~0.05 deg.


TOPEX/JasonTOPEX/Jason--1 Altimetry1 Altimetry

•• 0.25 Degree Resolution0.25 Degree Resolution

•• Weekly and monthly Weekly and monthly composites availablecomposites available

•• Data from:Data from:

TOPEX (1992TOPEX (1992--2002)2002)

JasonJason--1 (20021 (2002--Present)Present)

•• GeostrophicGeostrophic currents currents derived from this data setderived from this data set

•• Joint product provided by AVISO/JPLJoint product provided by AVISO/JPL


SeaWiFS Ocean ColorSeaWiFS Ocean Color

•• Measure chlorophyll Measure chlorophyll aa pigment pigment ((SeaWiFSSeaWiFS algorithm)algorithm)

•• 9 km Resolution9 km Resolution

•• Data is property of Data is property of OrbimageOrbimage(private), so time lag and only (private), so time lag and only images can be distributedimages can be distributed

•• 88--day or monthly composite day or monthly composite images from 9/1997 images from 9/1997 -- presentpresent


MODIS Ocean ColorMODIS Ocean Color

•• Measure chlorophyll Measure chlorophyll aa pigmentpigment

•• 4 km Resolution4 km Resolution

•• 8 day or monthly composites 8 day or monthly composites available from 3/2000 available from 3/2000 –– PresentPresent

•• Utilize MODIS data from:Utilize MODIS data from:

TerraTerra (2000(2000--2004)2004)

AquaAqua (2002(2002--Present)Present)


QuikSCATQuikSCAT WindsWinds

•• Products include wind: speed, Products include wind: speed, stress and wind stress curlstress and wind stress curl

•• 0.5 degree resolution0.5 degree resolution

•• Weekly or monthly composites Weekly or monthly composites available from 8/1999 available from 8/1999 –– PresentPresent


EddyWatchEddyWatchDaily updates of GOES SST focusing on Alenuihaha channel where cyclonic eddies are often observed

Daily image archives kept on website – public access

http://coastwatch.nmfs.hawaii.edu/EW/EWgoes.html


Applications of Applications of CoastWatchCoastWatch ProductsProducts• Harmful algal bloomsHarmful algal blooms

•• Wave height & SSTWave height & SST

•• Hurricanes & WindsHurricanes & Winds

•• Fires (hotspots & smoke)Fires (hotspots & smoke)

••Marine debris accumulation Marine debris accumulation (endangered species & coral (endangered species & coral reefs)reefs)

•• Spills (hazardous materials)Spills (hazardous materials)

•• SAR (Search and Rescue) SAR (Search and Rescue)

•• Fisheries management &Fisheries management &

researchresearch

•• Marine mammal strandingMarine mammal stranding

•• Characterization of Characterization of

convergence/divergence zonesconvergence/divergence zones

•• Coral reef health monitoringCoral reef health monitoring

•• Support of research cruisesSupport of research cruises

•• OutreachOutreach

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