neighbourhood and infrastructure plan for resettlement of ... · for wub consult staff this was a...

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Neighbourhood and infrastructure plan for resettlement of persons from

the Core Zone of Lalibela

Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism Development Project

VOL. V

Submitted by Submitted to:

WUB Consult

Architectural & Development Planning

Consultant

P.O.Box 19974, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tel.

E-mail: [email protected]

Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism Development

Project-ESTDP

P.O.Box 100953 Addis Ababa

Tel.25115 509540; Fax:

E-mail: [email protected]

April 2011

Addis Ababa

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Table of Contents Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................... 4

Preface Error! Bookmark not defined.

Executive summary ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

PART I: NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING FOR RESETTLERS ...................................................................... 8

1.0 Existing situation assessment of the Core Zone localities .............................................................. 9

1.1 Location ................................................................................................................................................. 9

1.2 Settlement pattern .................................................................................................................................. 9

1.3 Housing and service condition ............................................................................................................ 10

1.4 Plot patterns in the three settlements ................................................................................................... 10

1.4 The decision to relocate the three settlements ..................................................................................... 10

2.0 The planning of the new resettlement site ................................................................................. 11

2.1 Location ............................................................................................................................................... 11

2.2 Existing land use of the selected sites ................................................................................................. 11

2.3 Proposed land use of Kurakur resettlement site in the new structure plan .......................................... 12

2.4 Existing facilities ................................................................................................................................. 12

2.5 Planning proposal ................................................................................................................................ 12

2.5.1 Resettlement style ..................................................................................................................... 12

2.5.2 Proposed plot sizes in the Kurakur resettlement area ............................................................... 13

2.5.3 Land use proposal of the new plan ........................................................................................... 14

PART II: Situational Assessment, Proposal and Cost Estimates of Infrastructure design for the new

Resettlement Area at Kurakur, ........................................................................................... 17

3.0 Infrastructures ........................................................................................................................... 18

3.1 Power /Electricity supply ........................................................................................................................ 18

3.2 Telecommunication Services .................................................................................................................. 24

3.3 Storm water drainage management ................................................................................................... 25

3.3.1 The natural drainage system ........................................................................................................... 25

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3.3.2 The urban storm water drainage net-work ..................................................................................... 27

3.4 Water supply ....................................................................................................................................... 30

3.4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 30

3.4.2 History of Water Supply In Lalibela Town ....................................................................................... 31

3.4.3 Reliable Drinking Water Supply Resource in Lalibela ...................................................................... 31

3.4.4 Water supply at ‘Kurakur’ ............................................................................................................... 32

3.4.5 Cost estimate of the water supply infrastructure at ‘Kurakur’. ...................................................... 33

3.5 Road Design for the new neighbourhood .............................................................................................. 37

3.6 Implementation guide lines.................................................................................................................... 41

2.6.1 Road ................................................................................................................................................. 41

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Abbreviations

ANRS Amhara National Regional State

BoCT Bureau of Culture and Tourism (Regional level)

BoQ Bill of Quantities

DLCA Debre Lalibela Churches Administration.

EOTC Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church

ESTDP Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism Development Project

GOE Government of Ethiopia

ESTDP-LSMU Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism Development Project-Lalibela Site Management

Unit

LMA Lalibela Municipal Administration

MoCT Ministry of Culture and Tourism

MSO Municipal Services Office

PASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable Development to End Poverty

PA Peasant Administrations

PAP Project Affected persons

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

RPIU Resettlement project Implementation Unit

TNRS Tigray National Regional State

VC Valuation Committee

WB World Bank

CIS Corrugated Iron Sheet roofing

BoQ Bill of quantities

DPL Dry Pit Latrine

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Preface

Resettlement projects displace persons from places where ones memories are deeply rooted. No

amount of compensation and replacement of one artefact by another can wash away the myriads

of valued relations to places and people. However, change is natural, human beings and their

social relations are after all parts of nature. The resettlement project in Lalibela is a project which,

in the view of those who came to be near the spiritual core of Lalibela, is displacement from their

perpetual abode. Such hard feelings have made the study a soul searching one. It needed the

participation of many people who believed the conservation of the historic and cultural heritage

sites of Lalibela are beneficial not only to them but also to those residents who, deep in their

heart, love the churches, the residents of the Core Zone.

For WUB Consult staff this was a very challenging project; but finally to see would-be relocated

persons contributing positively to the planning of the new resettlement sites is very encouraging.

First and foremost, I would like to thank the staff of ESTDP in Lalibela as well in Addis Ababa who

put unreserved efforts to keep the momentum of the RAP project. I would also like to thank the

Lalibela Town administration officials for their contribution in organising public forums. The

residents of the Core Zone in Adishade, Chifrgoch, Mikael Ghibi and Gebriel Sefer and farmers in

Kurakur area deserve special mention for their trust in our work. I deeply share their concerns,

frustrations and uncertainties surrounding resettlement projects. I sincerely hope the new

settlement, with its improved layout, will compensate the loss in proximity to the churches by

providing decent and honourable spaces in lieu of the crowded and privacy-less environs of the old

Core Zone.

I would also like to thank the professional team1 of WUB Consult for their dedication to the project

ideals and their understanding of the aspiration of the project affected persons while carrying out

their professional duties.

April 2011

Wubshet Berhanu (Dr.Ing)

General Manager

WUB Consult

1 Ato Assefa Hagos; Ato Abraham Workneh, Ato Elias Gashaw, Ato Dagnachew Adugna, Ato Yohannes Tadesse, Ato

Amha Tigabu, and Ato Desalegn Berhanu and Ato Ezra Teshome participated in different capacities in the project.

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Executive summary

The Government of Ethiopia has identified tourism as one of the key sectors for economic growth. The

policy stresses the need to develop the historic and cultural sites in the country so as to make them

productive sources of jobs, incomes, and economic growth. To this end, the Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism

Development Programme (ESTDP) is conceived in support of this objective and the various initiatives

already taken by the Government of Ethiopia (GOE).

As part of the development of a strategy for the tourism sector, a series of studies were planned to analyse

the situation, identify key potentials in the sector, and to develop strategic integrated destination

development plans (IDDP). A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) was first prepared to guide the

development of resettlement issues that may arise as a result of the development of projects for historic

and cultural sites. A series of actions were carried out as part of the tourism development strategy of the

country. Some of the important initiatives taken by the GOE at national level include:

Upgrading the tourism portfolio from a Commission to a ministry level Establishment of a public-private forum known as the National Tourism Council, which is to be

replicated at regional level.

Commitment to rehabilitate the Tourism Training Institute Upgrading transport facilities, such as roads and airports, especially in the Northern Historic Route Adopting a tourism policy Approaching and showing commitment to work with the World Bank (WB) to develop a strategy

and implement an investment program for the tourism sector.

Conducting project studies and entering agreement with WB

This document, Resettlement Action Plan for Lalibela, presents an overview of the socio-economic profile of

persons affected by the ESTDP project, categories of persons according to entitlement for compensation,

methods of property valuation, modalities for managing allocation of compensation, review of legal

frameworks for resettlement project and other RAP components. This document is an action plan

documenting overall resettlement actions while reports dealing with specific components provide details in

separate volumes. The background documents which form part of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) are:

1. Vol.1: Resettlement Action Plan for Lalibela (this report) 2. Vol. 2: Socio-economic situation assessment of persons affected by tourism development projects in

Lalibela 3. Vol.3 Property valuation of private properties in the Core Zone of Lalibela 4. Vol.4: Livelihood restoration plan for persons affected by tourism development projects in Lalibela 5. Vol.5: Neighbourhood and infrastructure designs for resettlement of persons from the Core Zone of

Lalibela 6. Vol.6: Environmental Impact Assessment of the resettlement project in Lalibela 7. Vol. 7: Appendices of Evidences for the RAP studies of Lalibela

Volume One deals with the resettlement action plan proper (this report) where the major issues of the

resettlement project are assessed (legal, social, administrative, and financial), project activities including

their costs and time frame is provided; implementing institutions are identified and mechanisms for

monitoring and evaluation are suggested.

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Volume Two assesses the socio-economic situation of households in the Core Zone (Adishade, Chifrgoch,

Gebriel Sefer, and Mikael ghibi) and the host community in Kurakur area. The residents of the Core Zone

live in very crowded localities. However, they have built social ties over long years of living in the localities.

The socio-economic survey revealed that the majority of households are women-headed. Out of a total of

2025 residents in the Core Zone, about 44% of the residents in Adishade and Chifrgoch live in kebele

houses. The overwhelming majority of residents are Orthodox Christians; a quarter of the residents are

below 14 years of age and less than 10% are 65 years and above. There are people with disability of

different kinds (1.5%) who need special support during the relocation. The unemployed, the elderly and

women are the vulnerable groups identified by the study.

Volume Three presents the methods of property valuation, the eligibility criteria, and challenges of the task.

All houses in the Core Zone were measured, their specifications and bill of quantities prepared based on the

unit rate provided by the Zone administration. The measurement was verified to be correct by property

owners and the Resettlement Committee. The estimated cost of compensation for private house owners in

the three Core Zone localities is about thirty five million Birr (about USD 2,187,850).The compensation for

loss of farmland is estimated to be about five million Birr (about USD 312,500).

Volume Four dealt with livelihood restoration plan for relocated households. Based on the socio-economic

situation assessment reported in Vol.2, possible engagement areas of beneficiaries were identified, and

possible businesses were identified based on the capacity of the local economy of Lalibela Town. A total of

about Birr 16 million is required to construct shades, for training, as seed capital to start businesses.

Volume Five presents the new neighbourhood plan of the resettlement areas. It dealt with site selection

criteria, standards for plots and social facilities, and approaches for the subdivision of blocks into parcels.

Two sites were selected in consultation with the Office of Muncipal Services and the persons affected by

the resettlement project. The resettlement sites are located in Kurakur on both sides of the asphalted road

leading from Neakutoleab to the town centre of Lalibela. Private house owners will be allocated plots

proportional to their former plot while tenants in Kebele houses will be allocated the minimum size plot. A

total of 713 plots are provided in the two sites; however not more than 450 plots will be required by the

displaced person. The neighbourhood plan presents infrastructure design with the estimated costs too.

Volume Six dealt with the environmental impact assessment of the resettlement project. The impact of

infrastructure developments is reviewed; the impacts of persons who will not be relocated from the Core

Zone (the church school and the monastery) and that of the residents in the new resettlement area is

presented in detail. The main impact on the Core Zone is from solid and liquid waste which requires proper

mitigation measures. The analysis indicated that there are no appreciable fauna and flora nor cultural

heritage artefacts which require conservation. The would-be relocated and the host community are

households of nearly similar culture and the displacement being not too far, the social impact was found to

be minimal; or Category C according to the WB Operations manual.

Volume Seven consists of appendices that are evidences for the RAP study and documents for

implementation. Attendance sheets for the different consultative meetings, lists of persons by category of

entitlement, and other documents used for the study are presented in this volume.

8

PART I: NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING FOR RESETTLERS

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1.0 Existing situation assessment of the Core Zone localities

1.1 Location

Addish Ade: As we can see on diagram #1, Addish Ade is located North-East of the church

compound just on topographically elevated position. At the foot of this settlement is the church

compound. According to geological evidence, the settlement is sitting on the top of the same

rock formation from which the churches are hewed.

Chifrigoch: This is the settlement located west of the church compound and topographically, its

location is downstream.

Gebriel Sefer: Its location is within the church compound but to the South.

Figure#1: Location of the three settlements and the new resettlement site

1.2 Settlement pattern

The settlement pattern in all the three settlements can be defined as organic. The location of the

houses within a compound and in relation to other houses, the size and Streets, access patterns,

open spaces, etc have all evolved from the very needs of the residents themselves.

Regarding density, due to their location in close proximity to the main entrance to the church

and the weekly market respectively, Addish Ade and Chifrigoch are high density areas while the

third settlement is very low density.

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1.3 Housing and service condition

The three settlements were the most deprived areas in the city for the last 20 years. The previous

master plan has identified these three settlements as “Conservation areas”. Misinterpreted by

local technicians as “no improvement zone”, residents were not allowed to maintain their

houses, build toilets, kitchens, or any other private or communal facilities.

Such planning decision had its toll on the churches as residents from these three settlements

were forced to use the church compound or the open spaces around for disposing their wastes

(including human).

1.4 Plot patterns in the three settlements

Table #1 presents plot sizes in the three settlements. As we can see in this table, 67.4% of the

residents occupy plots whose sizes is below the minimum provided by the city‟s land policy

which is 150m2.

Table 1. Number of Plots by category in the neighbourhood plan for persons to be

relocated from the Core Zone

S.No. Size category in m2

No. of plots in Size category Total by

category Adishade Chifrgoch Gabriel sefer

1 600 2 2 11 15

Total plots by locality-owners 174 78 49 301

Total kebele owned (tenants) 105 25 xxx 130

Total Number of plots needed for allocation (including 130 kebele tenants) 431

Source: Property survey by WUB Consult, August 2010

1.4 The decision to relocate the three settlements

One of the major components of the new Structure Plan of Lalibela was the redefinition of the

church compound which was made in close collaboration with the ministry of culture. Two

workshops were organized by the ministry where experts presented their views on how to

protect the churches. One of the major outcomes of such discussions was the decision to

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redefine the old church boundary. Using UNIESC guidelines, the study team proposed two

boundaries, one for the core area where no intervention will be allowed and one for the buffer

zone where intervention will be controlled. The proposal was unanimously accepted by the

residents of the city.

This boundary definition among other things called for the relocation of all settlements that fall

within the core zone since this is the area where no intervention other than those related to the

church is allowed.

The relocation of the three settlements (Addish Ade, Chifrigoch and Gebriel Sefer) is thus the

result of this decision.

2.0 The planning of the new resettlement site

2.1 Location

As we can see in figure #2, Kurakur resettlement site is located south of the city towards

Nakotoleab. The site is divided into two parts by the main highway

Figure #2: The selected resettlement site at Kurakur

2.2 Existing land use of the selected sites

As can be seen in the diagram, Kurakur is currently a farm land partly occupied by scattered

farmer‟s villages and partly by recently resettled communities coming from the church compound.

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A small part of the site is also reserved as “investment promotion area” of which part is already

developed by some investors.

Fig. # 3: Kurakur resettlement site

2.3 Proposed land use of Kurakur resettlement site in the new structure plan

According to the new structure plan of the city (prepared in 2009-2010), Kurakur site is proposed

for the expansion of residential and mixed activities.

2.4 Existing facilities

Kurakur site has its strength from service distribution point of view. Within a radius of less than

1km, there is one high school, one kinder garden and one elementary school. The main bus terminal

of the town is also near this site.

2.5 Planning proposal

2.5.1 Resettlement style

Group resettlement: One of the reasons for choosing a big site for relocation is to undertake a type

of “group resettlement” approach. By so doing, people residing in the same area for many years and

organized under different type of social and economic organization would be able to continue their

old way of life in an improved living environment.

Provision to the host farming community: The proposal does not only provide to the new comers

but also to the host community. Farmers‟ houses in the area are incorporated in the plan with the

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maximum care taken not to demolish any of them. The only adjustment made is regarding the size

of the plots. With the new readjustment, every farmer in the area will be allowed to retain his house

and a maximum of 500 m2 for residence. As we can see in the final plan, the twisting and

narrowing of some of the roads in the area is due to this attempt to retain existing settlements intact.

2.5.2 Proposed plot sizes in the Kurakur resettlement area

From the data collected during the field survey in the three settlements, the total number of plots

needed to resettle the people coming from the Core Zone is 301 for private property owners and 130

for kebele tenants. What the new plan has provided is the following:

1. To accommodate the 301 residents, the plan has reserved a total of 524 plots which exceeds the original number by 223.

2. It has also reserved 189 plots of 120m2 size out of which 130 are to be used for Kebele tenants and the remaining to be kept for other unforeseen events.

The excess land in the project area in all size categories can be used to accommodate future growth

requirements of the city as proposed in the new structure plan. Part of it can also be leased to high

income groups to create a strong social mix in the area.

Table 2: Proposed plot sizes in Kurakur resettlement area

Plot sizes in the Core Zone

(in m2)

Total number of plots

Average plots sizes proposed

Total provided Excess

For kebele tenants None (130) 120 (8x15) 189 59 600 15

Total 298 (130) 713 226 (59) (a) 65 Mixed commercial plots (150m2 plot size) are provided along the main road. (b) 189 plots (120m2) are provided for allocation to kebele tenants (130 tenants)

Source: Neighbourhood plan by WUB Consult April 2011

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2.5.3 Land use proposal of the new plan

Residential land use

Residential plots for resettlers: as we can see in the table, out of the total of 31.8 hectares, 52.5% is assigned for residential. Each resident will be given a plot of land between 150m2

and 500m2. This is depending on the size of the plots residents left behind in their old

neighborhoods.

Plots for the host community: As explained above, the plan has maintained most of the houses untouched. Plots of 500m2 are assigned to farmers whose residing in the area. For

the few houses that will be demolished as part of the provision of services and infrastructure

in the area, replacement plots are reserved just adjacent or nearby the original site.

Commercial land use

Mixed land use: This land use category includes plots ( a total of 65) facing the main road on both sides. Such plots are to be allocated for people who will combine residential with other

income generating activities as part of the livelihood program. The total area reserved for mixed

land use is 1.1 hectares.

Daily market: in addition to shortening the distance people have to travel to the main market in the city which is about one hour walking distance, the daily market is also important as a source

of employment for the poor people that move to the settlement area. The location of this market

is just under the big “Worka tree” (see the photo below) making it a shaded space for both the

customers and sellers. As the area where this market is located is investment area and many of

such investors have already built new hotels, the daily market has to be managed in such a way

that it contributes to the promotion of the tourist industry. In other words, the design of the

stalls, the provision of adequate sanitation services, and diversity of the goods on sale have to be

taken with this objective in mind.

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Picture #--: The Warka tree in the site whose shade is proposed to be a market area

Commercial area: three sites with total area coverage of 3870m2 are reserved for commercial activities. This land use is exclusively for business.

Services

Besides residential plots, the plan has also considered the provision of other services that are needed

by the residents particularly in Kurakur area. Two of such services are:

• Health post: a small plot of land (1347m2) just by the road side is reserved for social services including a health post.

• Open spaces: due to scarcity of land in the town, the settlement is relatively dense. Yet, the plan has made provision for a variety of open spaces in the area. Some of these sites are

steep areas which if planted with ornamental trees will make the area beautiful and pleasing.

Other small open spaces are also reserved in the middle of the blocks for social encounters

and as children play grounds. The total size of such planned area is 2900 m2.

Green areas

• Formal green: this is green area design for specific purpose which in this case is to be used for social gatherings, economic activities and children play ground. The total of such land

amounts to 2900m2

• Informal green: this is green area to be developed in areas which are not habitable due to topographic reasons and proximity to gullies. Their purpose is more of protective and

decorative. Such areas account for 2.31 hectares.

Table 3: land use types and sizes in the project area

No Land use type Area coverage (in hectares) percentage

1 Residential area for new settlers and farmers 16.69 52.5

2 Mixed land use 1.1 3.46

3 Commercial land use 0.387 1.21

4 Daily market 0.44 1.38

6 Existing Elementary school 2.165 6.83

7 Health post 0.135 0.4

7 Formal green 0.29 0.91

8 Informal green 2.31 7.26

9 Circulation 8.273 26.01

Total project area 31.79 100

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FINAL RESETTLEMENT PLAN FOR KURAKUR

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PART II: Situational Assessment, Proposal and Cost Estimates of

Infrastructure design for the new Resettlement Area at Kurakur,

18

3.0 Infrastructures

Introduction

Infrastructure is engine to any economic development and is a must to ensure the well fare of

citizens. It includes Social infrastructures (housing, health facilities, rehabilitation centers, public

libraries and recreational facilities), public infrastructure (Roads, Bridges, public houses, water

supply and sanitation, electricity, telecommunication, storm water drainage, sewerage, rail ways,

water ways, sea ways, air ports, etc), green infrastructure (water ways, wetlands, woodlands,

wildlife habitats, green ways, parks and conservation lands, water resources etc), environmental

infrastructure (water supply, sanitation, hazardous and solid waste management).

Although the scope of infrastructure is broad, in this study infrastructure particularly means those

basic physical infrastructures and utilities which should be fulfilled to satisfy the minimum needs

of the relocated people. In this sense it includes water supply, Electricity, Road, storm water

drainage, telecommunication, and sanitation facilities (public latrines and solid waste management

facilities). Thus, the infrastructure study is, particularly, emphasized on the new settlement area, at

„Kurakur‟.

3.1 Power /Electricity supply

Introduction

power supply is one of the basic infrastructures to urban life. It is fundamental to meet the needs of

the community, particularly in areas like Lalibela where forest resources and other fuel sources are

minimal. In addition, the expansion and use of electricity in the new settlement areas will help to

prevent further deforestation on few available plant species.

There is a power supply line that passes near to the new settlement site and which can fulfill the

needs of the relocated people. The only required materials are one transformer which step-down

from 15,000kv to 400kv, standard wire to reach power from the feeder line to each residence/house

and meters for each users.

Three types of treated posts/poles will be required to carry the required electricity /power from the source to each individual‟s house. The three types of poles are:

11m height = 457.66 birr per pole 10 m height = 424.54 birr per pole 9m height = 389.90 birr per pole.

One Transformer is needed to transfer/divert electric power from the nearby line to the new settlement sites for the relocated community. This transformer will be a 200kv and has the

capacity to step-down from 15,000kv to 400kv which is appropriate to the new site.

The cost of the transformer is 119,845.50 birr (fully equipped with all necessary installed accessories) (Source: Lalibela power supply service).

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Table-1: Distance between poles and cost of poles for different height poles. No Height

of pole

(m)

Cost per

pole (birr)

Use/function Distance between poles (meters) Depth of the pole

to be buried below

ground

1 11 457.66 higher voltage (15kv)

carrier

60-70

60m on plane surfaces. 70 on rugged/undulating

surfaces

1.20m to 1.70m

2 10 424.54 To carry transformer

(200kv)

Transformer (no need)

3 9 389.90 Low voltage carrier 30-40

30m on plane surfaces 40m on undulating

surfaces2.

Source: Lalibela Electric supply district (August 23, 2010)

Cost to install one transformer (labor cost (service charge)) is 2,106.72 birr. The cost of an electric meter (5-10A*220v) is 1,000 birr. Cost to install one electric meter is 91 birr (labor cost (service charge). To dig one hole (60-70cm depth) is 40birr per hole. (One man per day) + 35 Birr to erect/fix

the pole.

Required cables to the meter are: 2*4mm = 18 birr per linear meter. 2*6mm = 21 birr per linear meter. 2*2.5mm = 15 birr per linear meter.

AC-50 cable/wire is used to carry power both through the high and low tension lines which costs 8.41 birr per meter.

Electrification (electric power installation). Figure-1 shows the series of installation.

Fig.-1.Schematic presentation of the electric power source, Transformer, meter & users

Note: Cost of AC-cable = 8.41 birr per linear meter of cable.

Cos of ABC-cable = 63.45 birr per linear meter of cable.

All the expenses between the source and the meter is covered by the City

Administration (service) or municipality and between the meter and End-users by

the customer or individual users.

2 For the case of the Lalibela Rehabilitation Action Plan (RAP) the distance between poles adopted is 40m.

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At this time it is not possible to install the electric power to the relocated people at „Kurakur‟ because:

All the necessary electrical materials which have mentioned above including the transformer are not at hand (no material) (source: Lalibela power service). But, the Lalibela Electric

customer service center told me that the transformer is at shipping (August, 2010).

The techniques of installing electric poles in relation to streets has displayed graphically here under:

Fig-2 Position of Road, Residences and Electric poles.

Source: Lalibela power supply district (Customer service center, Kedir Abdu, August, 2010).

The cost estimate of power supply for the new neighbourhood at Kurakur is provided in Table 2.

Table-2: Total cost estimation of power supply for the Kurakur resettlement area

No Activity/

item

Site power supply line Require

d poles

Unit Qt Unit price

(Birr)

Total price

(Birr) Code Length(m)

1 Treated

Electric pole

Kurakur P1-13 421

7

pcs

7

389.90 2729.3

2 Treated Electric pole

Kurakur P2-4 372 7

pcs 7

389.90 2729.3


Kurakur P3-4 327 6

pcs 6

389.90 2339.4


Kurakur P4-3 279 5

pcs 5

389.90 1949.5


Kurakur P5-3 282 5

pcs 5

389.90 1949.5


Kurakur P6-5 219 5

pcs 5

389.90 1949.5


Kurakur P7-6 161 4

pcs 4

389.90 1559.6

3 P1-1 stands for power supply line No.1 on Road No.1, P2-4 = Power supply No.2 on Road N0.4 and the others

interpreted in such a fashion.

21

No Activity/

item


d poles

Unit Qt Unit price

(Birr)

Total price



Kurakur P8-6 152 4

pcs 4

389.90 1559.6


Kurakur P9-2 122 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


Kurakur P10-2 127 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


Kurakur P11-4 138 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


Kurakur P12-4 65 2

pcs 2

389.90 779.8


Kurakur P13-11 192 4

pcs 4

389.90 1559.6



pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


Kurakur P15-10 94 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


Kurakur P16-10 88 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


Kurakur P17-8 206 4

pcs 4

389.90 1559.6


Kurakur P18-8 210 4

pcs 4

389.90 1559.6



pcs 4

389.90 1559.6


Kurakur P20-7 214 4

pcs 4

389.90 1559.6


Kurakur P21-7 214 4

pcs 4

389.90 1559.6



pcs 3

389.90 1169.7



pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


Kurakur P24-18 40 2

pcs 2

389.90 779.8


Kurakur P25-18 38 2

pcs 2

389.90 779.8



pcs 4

389.90 1559.6



pcs 7

389.90 2729.3



pcs 6

389.90 2339.4


Kurakur P29-22 35 2

pcs 2

389.90 779.8



pcs 5

389.90 1949.5



pcs 5

389.90 1949.5



pcs 7

389.90 2729.3



pcs 5

389.90 1949.5



pcs 7

389.90 2729.3

22

No Activity/

item


d poles

Unit Qt Unit price

(Birr)

Total price




pcs 7

389.90 2729.3



pcs 7

389.90 2729.3



pcs 4

389.90 1559.6



pcs 9

389.90 3509.1



pcs 9

389.90 3509.1



pcs 4

389.90 1559.6



pcs 4

389.90 1559.6


Kurakur P4236 73 2

pcs 2

389.90 779.8


Kurakur P43-36 78 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


Kurakur P44-37 83 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


Kurakur P45-37 82 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7



pcs 5

389.90 1949.5



pcs 5

389.90 1949.5


Kurakur P48-38 79 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


Kurakur P49-38 80 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7



pcs 4

389.90 1559.6



pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


kurakur P52-47 105 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7



pcs 3

389.90 1169.7



pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


kurakur P55-43 79 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


kurakur P56-43 79 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


kurakur P57-44 86 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


kurakur P58-44 80 3

pcs 3

389.90 1169.7


kurakur P59-46 308

6

pcs 6

389.90 2339.4



pcs 6

389.90 2339.4


kurakur P61-39 73 2

pcs 2

389.90 779.8

23

No Activity/

item


d poles

Unit Qt Unit price

(Birr)

Total price


Sum-1 12,161 258 258 389.90 100,594.20

Labor + erecting (concreting) cost pcs 258 175 45,150.00

3 Wire cost (AC-50 cable) m 12,161

18.41

233,884

4 Transformer cost pcs 1 119,845.5 239,691

sum-2 518,725

5 Grand total (sum-1 + sum-2) 619,320

6 Contingency (15%) 92,898

7 Grand total (with contingency) 712,2184

Source: own computation from field survey and electric supply plan (March 2011)

Note: The distance between poles is chosen to be 70m, because the area is rolling.

Summary, from Table-2, above:

A total of 12,161m electric wire is required. A total of 258 treated electric poles are required. One step-down transformer is required at „Kurakur‟ For a complete electric/power supply installation a total of 712,218.00 Birr is estimated.

Fig-3: Power supply net-work plan of ‘Kurakur’

Ssource: own proposed plan March 2011

4 The grand total only includes the cost from source to house hold meter (the meter cost is not included, because the

cost from the electric meter to end users should be covered by the respective house hold/owner (client))

24

3.2 Telecommunication Services

Introduction:

Particularly these days with globalization and technological advancement telecommunication has a

vast contribution in economic and social development. In line with this the development/use of

telecom services in the new resettlement areas will help the relocated community to reinforce their

economic and social development. Specially, this will enable them to strengthen their social tie with

their previous neighbors and families.

Total population in Lalibela town = 15,873 (CSA, 2007). According to the Lalibela

Telecommunication service/office, customers having fixed telephone lines are 1,100 (6.93 %).

Whereas up to August 2010 there were no wireless (CDM) telephone users, but according to the

Lalibela telecommunication service this service will commence & be open for all who need to have

this service by September 2010, because the old telecommunication system was fully replaced by

the new CDM (wireless) system.

From the above data, we have ensured that there will no problem to install telephone lines in the

new settlement area. The telephone line is CDM (wireless) because the use of fixed telephone line

in Lalibela becomes outdated. On the other hand, those residents who need to install fixed line will

no longer get any service as the service in the town has shifted from fixed to CDM-wireless.

During field survey (at the time of collecting this data) it was observed that the Chinese were

transferring the fixed line to the new technology, CDM-wireless telephone (as evidence see Fig-4).

Fig-4: Transfer of old telephone system to the New (CDMA) system (August, 2010).

According to the Lalibela telephone service manager, Ato Debebe Mengistu, the process of

transferring from fixed to CDM-wireless has started by July, 2010 and is expected to be finalized

25

for final test by mid september 2010. That is, as per the residents‟ demand the service will be

installed for all who need to get telephone service including the relocated people at “Kurakur”

Cots/expenses to install CDM-wireless telephone (if it is from the tele office) are as follows:

Cost of CDM-wireless telecom service:

a. CDM-wireless apparatus for households and interested groups is governed by prepaid system

= 832 birr plus 217 birr for service charge (installation cost)-it has no antenna because as it is a

prepaid (card based) no need of taking a reading.

b. CDM-for institutions needs to install antenna because the payment is post paid. Thus, to take

reading it is must to know how much it counts with the help of the installed antenna.

o Ato Debebe added the following points about telephone service: Their office will give a greater attention/focus on the use of the new technology CDM-

wireless telephone system.

The process of transferring the fixed telephone line system to the new technology, CDM-wireless, is under way.

The service of fixed telephone line is dead or will be terminated besides; the question of installing fixed telephone lines from customer sides will not get service or will not be

treated.

o The new technology, CDM-wireless, works where there is net-work. In relation to this, in Lalibela, there is accessible net-work and it is possible to use up to „Nakuteleab‟ locality.

3.3 Storm water drainage management

Introduction:

It is part of urban infrastructure which is significant to safely remove the run-off or storm water

generated within an urban center or enters in to an urban center from external sources. Thus, storm

water drainage lines are abiding structures to keep or elongate the service life of other urban

utilities.

3.3.1 The natural drainage system

The area is surrounded by highly degraded and bare terrains and hills including Meskel Kebera,

Asheten and Ager ersha. These terrains and hills (mountains) (fig.-5) located at the upper catchment

of the new settlement area, „Kurakur‟. They are situated just to the above side of the Asphalt road

that runs from the Air port to Lalibela town. That is, the flood generated from these mountains will

enter into the new settlement area and will be an incidence of flooding unless sustainable flood

control techniques are put in to effective (practice). Flood control techniques include area closure to

let the site for rehabilitation and afforestaion of the hills, increasing the proportion of green spaces,

combining physical and biological conservation measures such as terracing with plantation.

26

Fig.-5: Degraded terrains located at the upper catchment of “Kurakur”.

Within the site there is one hill/terrain named „Kebo‟. This terrain, alike the others is highly

degraded. That is, along with urbanization the problem of flood generation will increase to a greater

amount. Thus, to sustainably reduce the problem of flooding this terrain shall be treated both with

biological and physical soil and water conservation measures such as vegetating with fast growing

and appropriate trees.

The municipality should give a greater attention to soil and water conservation measures. In the new

settlement site, urbanization along with its impervious layer (fig.-6) (due to soil degradation/erosion

the area is highly exposed resulting in bed rock layer, crop-out) the storm water will be maximum

because on-site infiltration is almost impossible.

The site is highly dissected by gullies and gorges (fig.-7). It is highly undulating and rugged. It is

sloppy to provide storm water drainage lines for the safe removal of flood to final receiving

systems- this will increase the speed and volume of flood. Thus, the

Fig.-6: Impervious layer within the resettlement area

(Source: Field survey, August 2010).

27

best remedial mechanism will be pre-controlling/prevention techniques. This is because the post

(after-problem) prevention is inappropriate rather it will intensify the problem. The pre-controlling

mechanisms (mitigation measures) include:

Roof rain water harvesting techniques-best before: prevention method. River bank rehabilitation methods. River buffering techniques. Terracing. Check dams and gabion retaining walls. Tree plantation on river banks and degraded hills. To sustainably alleviate the flood problem on down catchment residences and properties

the terrain „Kebo‟ should be planted with trees in association with other physical soil

and water conservation techniques.

Fig.-7: Dissected gullies within the new settlement area, Kurakur.

(Source: Field survey August, 2010).

The mountains: „Meskel Kebera‟ „Ashten‟ and „Ager ersha‟ should be vegetated with trees and other fast growing shrubs. Rehabilitating these terrains /mountains.

3.3.2 The urban storm water drainage net-work

Introduction: This is a net work of individual storm water drainage lines to remove the collected

storm water from each drain. The objective of net-worked drains is to safely remove the storm water

to final receiving systems by accepting one from the other. This is the remedial process. The pre-

medial process is encouraging on-site infiltration through porous structure like grassing or

greeneries.

a. Planning and Designing process:

It has planned and designed based on the proposed the Road net-work but as it has strictly

emphasized above, storm water drainage lines will not sustainably solve the problem rather

28

intensifying it. Thus, applying the above techniques will be appropriate and sustainable means. The

process/procedures of storm water drainage lines planning and design have presented in the

preceding pages.

As this is the case, the generation of storm water as a result of urbanization and imperviousness is

inevitable. Thus, the safe removal of the generated storm water in to final receiving system is a

must. To do this, the rainfall data of the surrounding area was the key input.

Table-3: Summary of storm water drainage lines.

No Site Drain code5 Length (m) Contour (m) Water shed area of each

drains

Initial terminal Code Area (m2)

1

„Kuraur‟

D16 386 2452 2425 WS1 11350

2 D3 320 2470 2452 WS3 16846

3 D4 361 2443 2426 WS4 19975

4 D7 212 2437 2425 WS7 10205

5 D8 212 2435 2428 WS8 9620

6 D15 346 2461 2450 WS15 23527

7 D22 148 2438 2432 WS22 6198

8 D23 199 2458 2450 WS23 9739

9 D27 210 2469 2452 WS27 17229

10 D29 99 2428 2425 WS29 4012

11 D35.1 187 2475 2468 WS35.1 10963

12 D35.2 190 2466 2457 WS35.2 7641

13 D41 123 2482 2462 WS41 2491

14 D52 545 2455 2440 WS52 29842

15 D55 171 2500 2468 4S55 5522

16 D63 180 2463 2452 WS63 6203

17 D6 52 2452 2451 WS6 1520

18 D61 135 2462 2452 WS61 5799

19 D2 117 2452 2443 WS2 4191

20 D64 111 2466 2460 WS64 4057

Sum 4,304m

~4.3Km

206,930m2

Source: WUB Consult March 2011: GIS analysis

5 The drain codes have assigned correspondingly to the code of Roads.

29

Based on the analysis, the storm water drainage is designed by considering the topographic feature,

vegetation cover, rainfall data (intensity) and catchment area of each drainage lines. This presented

in Table 4 below.

Table-4: Storm water drainage lines design sheet

Code

flow direction

elevation

channel

length

(m)

Q

(m3/s)

Dp

(m)

Rectangular

Ap

(m2)

V

(m/s)

from to initial terminal

B7

(m)

D 8(m)

D1 D1 outlet 2452 2425 386 1.55 0.31 0.39 0.35 0.07 3.89

D3 D3 D1 2470 2452 320 1.16 0.29 0.36 0.34 0.06 3.10

D4 D4 outlet 2443 2426 361 1.27 0.31 0.38 0.35 0.07 3.17

D7 D7 outlet 2437 2425 212 1.11 0.28 0.35 0.34 0.06 3.03

D8 D8 outlet 2435 2428 212 1.09 0.31 0.39 0.36 0.08 2.71

D15 D15 D1 2461 2450 346 1.18 0.32 0.40 0.36 0.08 2.82

D22 D22 outlet 2438 2432 148 1.07 0.30 0.37 0.35 0.07 2.78

D23 D23 D6 2458 2450 199 1.10 0.30 0.38 0.35 0.07 2.82

D27 D27 outlet 2469 2445 304 1.18 0.27 0.34 0.34 0.06 3.35

D29 D29 outlet 2428 2425 99 1.05 0.31 0.39 0.36 0.08 2.60

D35.1 D35.1 outlet 2475 2468 187 1.11 0.31 0.38 0.35 0.07 2.81

D35.2 D35.2 outlet 2466 2457 190 1.08 0.29 0.36 0.34 0.07 2.88

D41 D41 outlet 2482 2462 123 1.04 0.23 0.28 0.31 0.04 3.55

D52 D52 outlet 2455 2440 545 1.18 0.33 0.41 0.37 0.09 2.75

D55 D55 outlet 2500 2468 171 1.09 0.22 0.28 0.31 0.04 3.74

D63 D63 D6 2463 2452 180 1.07 0.28 0.34 0.34 0.06 3.01

D6 D6 D2 2452 2451 52 1.02 0.34 0.42 0.37 0.09 2.35

D61 D61 D2 2462 2452 135 1.08 0.27 0.33 0.33 0.06 3.13

D2 D2 D4 2452 2443 117 1.17 0.27 0.34 0.34 0.06 3.32

D64 D64 outlet 2466 2460 111 1.06 0.28 0.35 0.34 0.06 2.91

Source: WUB Consult March 2011

Table -5: Cost estimate of the drainage lines provision/construction.

No Description/item unit Qt Unit price (Birr) Total price (Birr)

1 Total drainage line Km 4.304 213,745.00 919,959.00

2 Contingency (15%) 137,994.00

Total 1,057,952.00

Source: own computation from storm water drainage plan (March 2011).

7 “B” stands for Base of a rectangular drainage line.

8 “D” stands for depth/Height of a Rectangular drainage line.

30

Fig-8 Storm water drainage plan in ‘Kurakur’

Source: WUB Consult March 2011

3.4 Water supply

3.4.1 INTRODUCTION

Water is essential to sustain life, every community has the right to get safe and adequate water

supply. However, 1.1 billion People live without clean, safe and adequate water throughout the

world. About 4% of all deaths and almost 6% of the total global burden of disease are the result of

inadequate and unsafe water supply and sanitation facilities (WHO, 2003). Protection of water

supplies from contamination is the first line of defense with the focus on “access” to safe water,

there is concern about actual quality of drinking water. About 1.8 million people (90% are children

31

HIV/AIDS. Lalibela, which is one of the urban centers in Ethiopia, also faces the aforementioned

problems.

3.4.2 History of Water Supply In Lalibela Town

The first gravity water supply system in Lalibela was installed in 1955E.C by Le'elit Hirut Desta for

only 'sebat woira' hotel, (which is owned by Lalibela Churches), from 'Asheten' spring9 Although,

the water supply was not sufficient to meet the demand of the town's residents, the first pressurized

public spring water supply system which lasted from 1974E.C to 1986E.C (1982-1994), was

developed and distributed to Lalibela town from a specific locality called 'Medagie'. This source

was supplying the town until the emergence of 'Kenknit' spring in 1986E.C. (1994).

As interviews from different residents of Lalibela revealed that Lalibela has got a formal piped

water system since 1992(1986E.C) some 17years ago from a spring called "Kenkenit", which is

13km North of the town with a discharge rate of 5 liters per second and the supply was through

gravity system. The next pressurized (non-gravity) water supply system was dug in 2005 from a

bore hole about 12.5km South of the town with a discharge rate of 15 liters per second.

3.4.3 Reliable Drinking Water Supply Resource in Lalibela

As various studies and field surveys indicated that the reliable water resource for Lalibela town is

ground water. This reliable resource is located at "Shumshiha", which is about 22 kilometers south

of Lalibela town-near to the Airport. Within this area there is a potential ground water resource.

Currently there are four bore holes around Shumshiha which are dug and prepared for drinking

purposes, of which two of them are for the town of Lalibela, one for Lalibela Air port and one for

"Shumshiha" village itself. Their relative status and discharge rates are depicted in Table-6, below.

Table-6 Existing drinking water bore holes for Lalibela town and for its hinter land.

No. Name of bore

hole

Discharge

rate(lt/sec)

Distance

(km)

Status/condition Serves to Year of

establishment

1 Bore hole-I 15 12.5 functional Lalibela town 2005

2 Bore hole-II 20 12 functional Lalibela town 2008

3 Bore hole-III 3 22 functional Air port 12years ago

4 Bore hole-IV 3 21 Non-functional Shimshiha 20years ago

Source: Plan Ethiopia, 19May, 2009.

9 Source: Lalibela water supply service

32

Table-7: Style and period of water supply Shift basis system.

No. Moths

Water is distributed every From To

1 July October Day

2 November January Three days once

3 February March Four days once

4 April June Six days once

Source: field survey from the Town water supply service 16-18May, 2009.

From Table-7, it can be concluded that there is a serious water shortage problem in the Tourist town

Lalibela and this may be a barrier for tourism development in the town and above all the sanitation

and the health condition of the community is at risk, almost all of the latrines are pit. This has a

greater impact for diseases to be transferred from one person to another like diarrhea and others, on

the other hand the socio-economic status of the people are/will be affected. Thus, some permanent

water delivery/supply mechanisms should be devised to ensure the social and economic

sustainability at Kurakur, in particular and Lalibela town, in general.

3.4.4 Water supply at ‘Kurakur’

The new settlement area is located some distance south of Lalibela Town. It is reserved for the

relocated people from the Church compound. As a general truth water is basic necessity for living

things. In line with this, the town‟s water supply service has installed water supply lines to the new

settlement („Kurakur‟ site) for peoples displaced from Michael locality/„sefer‟. The sizes of the

installed water pipes are:

i. The main line = 2 and 3 inches. ii. The secondary (accessible) line = 1.5 inch.

These lines have the capacity to serve all the relocated people including those from the Core Zone‟.

„Shimshiha‟, which has started its function in October 2009, is the ultimate source of water supply

for the new settlement area. It will supply all the water demand for the relocated people.

The average water supply per head is 40-80 liters and 20 liters when the water supply is on shift

basis (once every three days). Currently, the bore hole which functional has a capacity of 6 liter per

second; while the other borehole which produces 13 liters per second was damaged and is non-

functional. If this bore hole is maintained the 40-80 liters per day per head will be

maintained/secured. The price/cost of one cubic meter of water in Lalibela town is 1 birr

(minimum) and the maximum is 2.50 birr.

33

3.4.5 Cost estimate of the water supply infrastructure at ‘Kurakur’.

i. Distribution lines

The total required supply lines will be estimated from the proposed Road net-work. That is, two

accessible lines will be installed on opposite edges of each road. Thus, on the basis of this the total

pipe lines along with their lengths will be estimated to get the total required cost.

Table-8: Water supply lines cost estimates No Site Pipe line Required

pipes

Distribution line

type

Material type

Code Length

1 Kurakur WS1-110 420 7011 tertiary GI pipe



4 Kurakur WS4-3 295 50 Secondary GI pipe


6 Kurakur WS6-2 280 47 secondary GI pipe




























10

WS1-1 stands for water supply line No.1 on Road No.1, WS11-5stands for water supply line No.11 on Road No.5. The others interpreted in a similar fashion.

11 The required pipes are obtained by dividing the length by six. Because one GI pipe is equivalent to 6m

34

No Site Pipe line Required

pipes

Distribution line

type

Material type

Code Length



























60 Kurakur WS60 332 56 tertiary GI pipe

61 Kurakur WS61 241 41 tertiary GI pipe







68 Kurakur WS68-35 564 94 primary GI pipe

69 Kurakur WS69-35 562 94 primary GI pipe

Sum-1 12,621m 2,134

Source: Own computation from the water supply line plan (Jan., 2011)

35

Table-9, below, summarizes the total pipe lines and the cost estimate

No Description/item Unit quantity Unit price

(Birr)

Total cost

(Birr) Pcs Meter

1 Water supply pipe lines

3 inch Pcs 188 1,126 350 65,800 2 inch Pcs 540 3,211 250 135,000 1.5 inch Pcs 1,406 8,284 200 281,200 Sub-total-1 2,173 12,621 482,000.00

2 Fittings

Elbow 1,870 - 25 46,750.00 T-joint 40 - 35 1,400.00 Nipples 1,870 - 40 74,800.00 Sub-total-2 122,950.00

3 Labor cost

GI pipe installation (clearing, excavation, backfill)

Lm12

12,937 60 776,220.00

Sub-total-3 776,220.00

Total (sub-total (1+2+3)) 1,381,170.00

4 Contingency (15%) 207,176.00

Grand total 1,588,346.0013

Source: Own computation from water supply line plan (March 2011)

Note:The cost is the current market value collected from Lalibela Municipality.

ii. Reservoir

This is a large water container which reserves water for times other than the supply period. This is

to mean it will reserve and supply water for events when water interruption occurs due to

inconveniences. During field survey we have discussed and reached to consensus with the town‟s

water supply coordinator to construct/provide one reservoir with a capacity of 50m3 volume at

„Kurakur‟ which can meet the aforementioned purposes. The materials which will be used in the

construction of this reservoir include:

o Stone – this will be used for foundation and body construction. o Sand – this is used to construct the whole body of the reservoir. o Cement- this is also joker/sticking (cementing material) to all parts of the reservoir. o Gravel – these are for concrete.

12

LM = Linear meter 13

This cost does not include the cost of main supply line from the source. Because there is already an

available/accessible main supply line near to the resettlement area.

36

o Pipes – these are for inlet, outlet and over flow. o Gate valves – these are to let and close water to flow & not to flow respectively. o Fittings – including T-joints, elbows and nipples.

Accordingly, the following cost14

estimate has estimated and presented in Table-10 for the full

provision of one reservoir for the relocated people at „Kurakur‟.

Table-10: Cost estimate for one Reservoir construction.

No. Description/item Unit Quantity Unit price Total

1 Stone m3 40 900 36,000.00

2 Sand m3 40 700 28,000.00

3 Cement Qt 50 400 20, 000

4 Gravel m3 10 700 7,000.00

5 Pipes (over flow, inlet, outlet) pcs 5 140.00 700.00

6 Gate valves pcs 2 150.00 300.00

8 Fittings (elbow + nipples) pcs 10 45.00 450.00

9 Constructor (professional) - - 30,000.00 30,000.00

10 Daily laborer - - 10,000.00 10,000.00

11 Iron bar (reinforcing bar) mm 18 & 12 5,600.00 5,600.00

12 Water Lt - 1,000.00 1,000.00

Total 119,050.00

Contingency (15%) 17,858.00

Grand total 136,908.00

The expense (service charge) to install the required water supply line for a customer depends on the

size of the pipe line:

If the pipe size is from 1 inch to ½ inch = 205 birr. If the pipe size is 2 inch to ½ inch = 347 birr.

But, based on the Ethiopian government principle/regulation this installation cost will be covered by

the owner/house hold him/her self. Because all the expenses from the water meter to the end use is

covered by the owners themselves including water meter.

Remark: Constructing and providing a reservoir for the relocated community will ensure sustainable or

uninterrupted water supply.

14 This cost estimated on the current market value which is workable around Lalibela town.

37

Table-11: Summary of water supply cost estimates

No Description Cost estimate (Birr) Remark

1 Water supply line 1,588,345.00

2 Reservoir 136,908.00

Grand total 1,725,253.00

Source: Computation from own design

Fig -9: Water supply line plan of Kurakur

Source: Own proposed plan March 2011

3.5 Road Design for the new neighbourhood

The relocated people should be served with a better and accessible road infrastructure. Each

displaced people will have accessible roads. As per the road net-work plan, it will be checked that

whether the relocated individuals get better road than the previous one. Thus, to ensure such

services the following rough cost estimate has done for the gravel roads which will be constructed

in the new resettlement area, „Kurakur‟.

38

Table-12: Road code, width and length.

No Activity/item Site Road

Code Length (meter)

1 Road Kurakur R1 435













14 Road Kurakur R14 -





















35 Road Kurakur R35 1,000



39

No Activity/item Site Road

Code Length (meter)





























Grand Total 9,961m~9.96km

Source: Own computation from field survey (March 2011).

Note: R14, 15, 16, 51, 52, 53, 54 and R58 are blank because these are roads located in the investment area where the

cost estimate is not included

40

Table-13: Cost estimate summary (per kilometer of Gravel Road)

No. Description/activity Cost requirement (Birr/km) Remark

1 Clearing and Grubbing15

6,000.00

2 Earth work 422,260.00

3 Surfacing 151,610.00

Sub-total-1 579,870.00

4 Supervision & administration expense 47,987.00

Sub-total-2 627,857.00

5 Contingency (15%) 94,179.00

Grand total 722,036.0016

Source: own computation based on the current market value (March 2011)

Table -12: Cost estimates summary of Gravel Road construction by width type.

No

.

Site Width Number of

segments

Corresponding

length(km)

Estimated cost (Birr)17

Unit cost per

km

Total cost

per km

1 Kurakur 5 4 0.421 722,036.0018

303977.16

2 Kurakur 6 9 1.032 722,036.00 745,141.20

3 Kurakur 7 12 2.363 722,036.00 1706171.1

4 Kurakur 8 11 1.372 822,036.00 1127833.4

5 Kurakur 9 11 1.829 822,036.00 1503503.8

6 Kurakur 10 4 0.772 822,036.00 634,611.80

7 Kurakur 11 1 0.196 922,036.00 180719.06

8 Kurakur 12 4 1.149 922,036.00 1059419.4

9 Kurakur 14 1 0.397 1,022,036.00 405748.29

10 Kurakur 15 1 0.105 1,022,036.00 107313.78

11 Kurakur 16 1 0.325 1,022,036.00 332161.7

Total 65 9.96 8,106,601.00

Contingency (15%) - - - 1,215,990.00

Grand Total - - - 9,322,591.00

Source: Own computation from Road net-work plan (March 2011) & current estimate cost from Lalibela

town municipality.

A total cost of 9, 322,591.00 (Nine million three hundred twenty two thousand five hundred ninety

one) Birr estimated for Gravel Road construction at the new resettlement area at ‘Kurakur’

15

Cost of clearing and grubbing does not include demolition cost if any exists. 16

For every 3m road width increment this value raises by 100,000.00 (one hundred thousand) birr. 17

The cost is estimated for normal gravel road with the current cost estimate of the surrounding area. 18

The cost per kilometer of gravel road from 5-7m, 8-10m, 11-13m & 14-16m width is estimated to be 607,036.00 birr, 707,036.00 birr, 807,036.00 birr, and 907,036.00 Birr respectively.

41

Fig-10: Proposed Road network plan

WUB Consult March 2011

3.6 Implementation guide lines19

2.6.1 Road

Since the topography of the resettlement areas are steep/or undulating, the sites should be

rehabilitated/stabilized by vegetative structures. In addition to this, the upper catchment areas

should be reinforced by physical as well as biological conservation measures. The length and width

of each road along with their codes is provided in Table-12.

Storm water drainage

The urban storm water drainage infrastructure should be implemented as presented on the design

sheet in table-4. It should be implemented/ placed in between the pedestrian ways and carriage

19

Generally, to implement the infrastructure and utility lines it is strictly advised to refer the map of each respective infrastructure/utility lines presented in map forms and respective tables indicated in this main document. The maps and tables of the respective infrastructures are the prime inputs while implementing infrastructure plans.

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ways. The drainage lines dimension, code and length have presented in Table-4. The drainage lines

should discharge like the way they are directed/indicated with the arrow. To reduce the intensified

storm water, roof rain water harvesting should be taken as a major strategy.

Water supply

In order to ensure safe and accessible water to the relocated people, the planned water supply lines

shall be implemented as per the plan. If there faces a financial problem, the lines shall be

implemented phase by phase. To ensure uninterrupted water supply, the provision of one reservoir

as per the proposed type is paramount. The full information/data is presented in Table-8. Thus,

during implementation refer to this table.

Power supply

To reduce electric shocks and unnecessary load on power supply lines, it is advisable to implement

as per the plan which is depicted/presented on the proposed power supply plan. The provision of

one transformer has also a very important function to control/balance the power supply fluctuation

problem.

neighbourhood and infrastructure plan for resettlement of ... · for wub consult staff this was a...

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