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NO. 59 • SPRING 1988 • ISSN 0882-3715

Published quarterly by The International Churchill Society and The Rt. Hon. Sir Winston Spencer Churchill Society of B.C.

ARTICLES

What Did Churchill Think of Australia? 7Great Destiny, Sacred Memoriesby Winston S. Churchill

What Does Australia Think of Churchill? 9Fair Dinkum Hero or Pommie Pollie?by George Richard \Churchill and Menzies: Partners or Rivals? 10A Review of "Menzies and Churchill At War"by H. Ashley Redburn, OBEVideo: "The Last Bastion" 13Australia, Churchill and the Warby John G. PlumptonChurchill Collector's Handbook insertSection 3 (Revised): ICS Membership 1988

AnzacPhilatley 16Aussies, Kiwis, Newfoundlanders Rememberedby Dalton NewfieldPaintings: Banff's Bunkers 18An Amusing Catalogue Correctionby Derek Lukin JohnstonAlistair Cooke, Gov. Sununu to Address ICS Convention . . . 19Bretton Woods, NH, August 27-28thChurchill in Stamps, Part 16 22Ireland, Defeat and ChartwellFrancis Neilson: The First Revisionist 24The Case Against W.S.C. and "The Hinge of Fate"by Stanley E. SmithWartime Postcards 25by Lloyd L. Thomas

DEPARTMENTSThoughts and Adventures/3 International Datelines/4 Chur-chilliana/12 Inside the Journals/15 About Books/20 ChurchillTrivia/21 Action This Day/26 Letters/28 Ads/30 Q&A/30

COVERS

Front cover design from the Australian flag by the editor. Back coverreprinted from National Geographic, February 1988 page 188, by kind per-mission of National Geographic, copyright 1988.

FINEST HOUREditor. Richard M. Langworth (tel. 603-746-4433 days)

Post Office Box 385, Contoocook, New Hampshire 03229 USA

Senior Editors: John G. Plumpton (tel. 416-497-5349 eves)130 Collingsbrook Blvd, Agincourt, Ontario, Canada M1W 1M7

H. Ashley Redburn, OBE (tel. 0705) 4795757 Auriol Dr., Bedhampton, Hampshire PO9 3LR, England

Cuttings Editor: John Frost (tel. 01-440-3159)8 Monks Ave, New Barnet, Herts., EN5 1D8, England

Contributors:George Richard, 7 Channel Hwy, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia 7006Stanley E. Smith, 155 Monument St., Concord, Mass. 01742 USADerek L. Johnston, Box 33859 Stn D, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6J 4L6

Produced by Dragonwyck Publishing Inc.

THE INTERNATIONAL CHURCHILL SOCIETY

A non-profit association of scholars, historians, philatelists, collectorsand bibliophiles, the Society was founded in 1968 to promote interest inand knowledge of the life and thought of Sir Winston Churchill, and topreserve his memory. ICS is a certified charitable organisation under thelaws of Canada and the United States, is Affiliate #49 of the AmericanPhilatelic Society, and is a study unit of the American Topical Associa-tion. Finest Hour subscriptions are included in a membership fee, whichoffer several levels of support in four different currencies. Membership ap-plications and changes of address welcomed at the business office listed onpage 3. Editorial correspondence: PO Box 385, Contoocook, NH 03229USA. Permission to mail at non-profit rates granted by the United StatesPostal Service. Produced by Dragonwyck Publishing Inc. Copyright ©1988. All rights reserved.

SIR WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL SOCIETY ^ Z

Founded in 1979, the Society works to ensure that Sir Winston's idealsand achievements are never forgotten by succeeding generations. Allmembers of the B.C. Branch are automatic ICS members, while ICSmembership is optional to members of the Edmonton and CalgaryBranches. Activities include banquets for outstanding people connectedwith aspects of Sir Winston's career; public speaking and debating com-petitions for High School students, scholarships in Honours History, andother activities.

PATRON ~ ^

The Lady Soames, DBE

ICS HONORARY MEMBERS

The Marquess of BathWinston S. Churchill, MPMartin Gilbert, MAGrace Hamblin, OBERobert Hardy, CBEJames Calhoun HumesMary Coyne Jackman, BA, D.Litt.S.

In Memoriam:The Baroness Clementine Spencer-Churchill of Chartwell, 1977

Randolph S. Churchill, 1968 Harold Macmillan, Lord Stockton, 1986The Earl Mountbatten of Burma, 1979 W. Averell Harriman, 1986Dalton Newfield, 1982 The Lord Soames, 1987Oscar Nemon, 1985 Sir John Colville, 1987

YousufKarsh, OCThe Duke of Marlborough, DL, JP

Sir John Martin, KCMG, CB, CVOAnthony Montague Browne, CBE, DrC

The Lady Soames, DBEHon. Caspar W. Weinberger, KBE

ICS BOARD OF DIRECTORS = ex-officio

Australia: William R. Galvin, Peter M. Jenkins*Canada: George E. Temple, Ronald W. Downey, Celwyn P. Ball,

Murray W. Milne, Mark R. Steven*, John G. Plumpton*New Zealand: Barry Collins United Kingdom: Colin Spencer,

Geoffrey J. Wheeler, Richard G. G. Haslam-Hopwood*United States: Derek Brownleader, Wm. C. Ives, Wallace H. Johnson,

George A. Lewis, Donald S. Carmichael, Sue Hefner*, David Sampson

CHURCHILL LITERARY FOUNDATION BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Winston S. Churchill, MPWallace H. JohnsonRichard M. LangworthThe Duke of Marlborough, DL, JPAnthony Montague Brown, CBE, DFC

Hon. Bob Packwood, USSWendy Russell Reves

The Lady Soames, DBEAmb. Paul H. Robinson, Jr.

William R. Schulz

D I R E C T O R Y

ICS BUSINESS OFFICESAustralia: Peter M. Jenkins, (03) 700.1277

8 Regnans Av., Endeavour Hills, Vic. 3802

Canada: Celwyn P. Ball, (506) 386-87221079 Coverdale Rd RR2, Moncton, NB E1C 8J6

New Zealand: R. Barry Collins3/1445 Great North Rd., Waterview, Auckland 7

United Kingdom: Geoffrey J. Wheeler, (07356) 348588A Franklin Av, Tadley, Hants RG26 6EU

United States; Derek Brownleader, (504) 292-33131847 Stonewood Dr., Baton Rouge, La. 70816

Chairman of the Board: Wallace H. Johnson1650 Farnam St., Omaha, Neb. 68102 USA

Telephone (402) 346-6000

Vice Chairman: Geoffrey J. Wheeler88A Franklin Av, Tadley, Hants RG26 6EU

Vice Chairman /Canadian Afrs: George Temple20 Burbank Dr, Willowdale, Ont. M2K 1M8

Executive Director: Richard M. LangworthPutney House, Hopkinton, N.H. 03229 USA

Telephone (603) 746-4433

CHURCHILL SOCIETY OF B.C.Mark R. Steven, President

1900-1055 W. Georgia StreetVancouver, BC, Canada V6E 4J2

ICS CHAPTERSCanada/New Brunswick: Celwyn P. Ball

1079 Coverdale Rd., RR2, Moncton NB E1C 8J6

UK/London; Richard Haslam-HopwoodFlat 1, 20 Pembridge Cres. London Wll 3DS

Telephone (01) 229-4918

Canada/Other Club of Toronto:Murray Milne

30 Dunvegan Dr, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 6K1

USA/Chicago: Amb. Paul H. Robinson Jr.135 S. LaSalle St, Chicago, IL 60603

William C. Ives8300 Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 60606

USA/Connecticut: Harvey William Greisman93 Richard PI, Fairfield, CT 06430

USA/Nashville: Richard H. Knight, Jr.H.C.A., 1 Park Plaza, Nashville, TN 37203

USA/New England: Jon Richardson47 Old Farm Road, Bedford, NH 03102

USA/Northern Ohio: William Truax25 Easton La, Chagrin Falls, OH 44022

USA/North Texas: David A. Sampson5603 Honey Locust Tr, Arlington, TX 76017

USA/San Francisco: Edwin Donaldson-ClarkePO Box 639, Menlo Park, CA 94026

SPECIAL OFFICERSCommemorative Covers: David Marcus

221 Pewter La, Silver Spring, MD 20904

General Treasurer: George A. Lewis268 Canterbury Rd, Westfield, NJ 07790 USA

ICS Stores: Sue Ellen Truax25 Easton La, Chagrin Falls, OH 44022

ADVANCE AUSTRALIAFIFTEEN issues ago we produced a "Canada Number," and we arepleased now to salute our Australian members in their BicentennialYear with an Aussie counterpart. (NZ, UK and USA are not for-gotten, but still to come.) Like FH 44, this special issue is built aroundChurchill's relations with and remarks about one of the greatbranches of the English-Speaking community. We trust you will findthe result to be a "fair dinkum" edition of Finest Hour.

For quite some time we have had Ashley Redburn's compellingreview of Churchill and Menzies At War, but we have been saving it forthis issue for obvious reasons. We don't believe that Sir RobertMenzies would be entirely pleased with this book's rendering of hiswartime role, especially from an AustralianUsher — but we shall leaveour readers. We haveton Newfield's excel-view" of the Anzacspublished in Finestwell worth record-ately too, Johntracts, "From theHan material; John also re-video on the subject ofSir Winston's opinionshis writings and speeches.

author and pub-that decision tohad the late Dal-lent "philatelic re-since it was firstHour 21/22; it is

ing here. Appropri-Plumpton's column of ex-

Journals," covers Austra-views a new AustralianWSC. We have culled

about Australia out ofwhile from Tasmania,

contributing editor George Richard offers us some Australian opi-nions about the Great Man.

Churchill's warm regard for Australia took two forms: the braveryand sacrifice of Australians in the two great wars, and the unlimitedpotential of the island continent. He would certainly remind us ofboth today. In the Eighties, the world is perhaps more aware then everof Aussie accomplishment — be it the winning (temporarily!) of theAmerica's Cup, the powerful impact of the Australian film industry,or the worldwide journalistic enterprise of Rupert Murdock. Adynamic and optimistic society has sprung up down under. Its ad-vances, even since his death, would undoubtedly impress him. Amongthe great English-speaking democracies, Australia is one of the mostdiverse — only half her present population is of British stock — andyet she possesses a sense of community and purpose that is the envy ofmany. Problems? Of course there have been problems, as there are forus all. But Australia demonstrates profoundly that her common share-holding in the English language, law and literature is a matchless ad-vantage in difficult and baffling times.

Churchill would also remind us of the role played by Australia inthe two great cataclysms of this century, and impress upon us herstrategic importance, particularly now, among the prosperous nationsof the Pacific rim. How he might phrase it we are not sure, butprobably it would go something like this: should her kith and kinever stand in need, they may count, as twice before in his lifetime,on that great and beneficent nation under the Southern Cross.

- R M L

ERRATAIssue 58, page 9, first footnote:

GCMG means Grand Cross of theOrder St. Michael (not "St. Mary")and St. George; our apologies. See alsoLady Soames' letter, page 29.

2«l|k

INJURED SIMON WARDIS STILL "YOUNG WINSTON"LONDON, OCT. 14 - Actor Simon Ward,45, emerged from hospital after adelicate head operation to remove ablood clot from his brain, following amysterious injury October 3rd whilereturning to his home in Hampstead.Ward, who shot to fame with the titlerole in "Young Winston" 15 years ago,had been appearing in the play "Por-traits" at the Savoy Theatre — wherehe promptly returned for the last threeperformances. Ward's memory of whathappened is completely blank, but heappears to have been injured by anassailant.

Two points of special interest to us:every news item on the incident led byidentifying Ward as "the former YoungWinston" — proof positive that playingChurchill guarantees permanent fame.Secondly, the 15-year-older Mr. Wardretains an uncanny resemblance toWSC. At 45 he now looks like Chur-chill during the Great War. A photo ofWard in hospital, where his hair waspartly shaved for the operation, couldbe the First Lord of the Admiralty of1914 brought back to life.

All of which renews our hope thatsome enterprising producer willdramatize the memorable Churchill ofWorld War I on film or television —starring Mr. Ward, of course.

VICTORY BELLCANBERRA, AUSTRALIA, FEB. 10TH - O n e of

the ubiquitous "Victory Bells" hasturned up down under, where amember writes to ask about its

significance. Designed by Conrad A.Parlanti, who also did the large bronzeeagle crowning the Royal Air ForceMemorial on the Victoria Embank-ment in London, the bell portrays reliefbusts of Churchill, Roosevelt andStalin, with a "V" cast into the handle.Perhaps most interesting, the first bellswere cast from metal recovered fromLuftwaffe aircraft shot down over Bri-tain.

More recently, Victory Bells in finermetal have been produced to aid theRAF Benevolent Fund, at whose earlydinners as much as £1200 was paid forthem in auctions. Bells may still beavailable. Write the Secretary, RAFBenevolent Fund, 67 Portland Place,London WIN 4AR, a registered Britishcharity.

PROFUMO RISES AGAINLONDON, SEPTEMBER - Caroline Ken-nedy, daughter of the late President,has co-authored "An Affair of State"(Cape, £12.95), about the 1963 Pro-fumo scandal which almost broughtdown the Macmillan Government. Asreported in FH 55, Profumo was "see-ing" a society call-girl, Christine Keeler,who was also "seeing" the Soviet navalattache. (Contrary to our article, Mac-millan did not resign over this, but quitlater because of ill health.)

What all this has to do with Chur-chill is precisely nothing, except thatKennedy et al allege that the high-society osteopath and bon vivantStephen Ward — who also "saw" MissKeeler, introduced her to Profumo andcommitted suicide later, when (perKennedy) the Government "went

Churchills at Blenheim: Karin Churchill, Mrs.Winston G. Churchill, Cdr. Winston G. Churchill(US Coast Guard London office) & Peter Churchill,1CS Blenheim meeting, Sept. '87. BILL BEATTY

after" Ward as a scapegoat — wasChurchill's osteopath. Some desultorydoctor-patient conversation has comeout of this, all rather droll — andtypically Churchillian.

When Ward was first called to treatSir Winston, Lady C warned him notto be bullied. He found WSC in bed,smoking a huge cigar. Churchill's firstremark: "I suppose you'll tell me to giveup these." (Ward didn't.)

Trying to make small talk, Ward saidhe had treated Gandhi. "Ah," saidChurchill, "and did you twist his necktoo?" Ward said he had. "Evidently acase of too little too late," WSC replied.Then he asked Ward, "When you twistmy head like that, what would you doif it came off in your hands?" Ready forhim, Ward said, "I'd go and practise inMoscow — after such a thing, I'd bevery welcome!" "Don't be too sure,"said Sir Winston, "Mr. Stalin was quitea friend of mine."

Ward said his 12 Churchill treat-ments were "a battle of wills." As withMoran, WSC wanted to know whatwas being done and why, in Linde-manese, layman's language. But LadyC's advice stood Ward in good steadand they got on well. WSC even triedto get Ward, an excellent portraitsketch artist, to take up oil painting. "Itlasts forever," Sir Winston said.Evidently Ward's neck-twisting didn't.- THANKS FOR NEWS CUTTINGS TO JOHN FROST

ANOTHER C-R PLAYNEW YORK, DEC. 18TH - With "Winnie"opening to packed houses in Man-chester and London, Hugh White-more's "Breaking the Code" is a dimreflection on Broadway, starring British

actor Derek Jacobi ("I Claudius") asAlan Turing, the mathematical geniuswho did the job at Bletchley. Turing, adiscreet but unapologetic homosexual,had been honored by the King and pro-claimed a hero by Sir Winston Chur-chill — but after being convicted ofwhat the British penal code then called"gross indecency," and given probationprovided he take estrogen injections to"alter his nature," he took his own life.

As you might gather from all this,and from what we've been able to gleanfrom the reviews, this play is moreabout the tribulations of '50s gays thanit is about WW2 and the unsung heroesat Bletchley. Go to London and take in"Winnie."

BUT SPEAKING OF "WINNIE". . . we wish people would stop using it.None of his friends called him that, andthough it was a popular honorificamong the men on the street, we sus-pect he secretly abhored it. On theother hand, friend and foe alike calledhim "Winston." ICS caught a packetfrom THE NEW REPUBLIC for "over-familiarity" in the use of that name (seelast issue). What was good enough forfriends, enemies and the press is goodenough for us.

GREAT CONTEMPORARIES:SIR JOHN MARSHALL,GBE, CH, PCWELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND - The Societyis honoured to count former NewZealand Prime Minister Sir John Mar-shall among its members. Following hisgraduation with a Master of Laws in1935, Sir John became a barrister.When the war broke out he enlisted asa private, gained a commission androse to the rank of major, serving in theSolomon Islands and in Italy. He was

elected to Parliament in 1946 and re-mained a member of the N.Z. Houseof Representatives until his retirementin 1975. From 1960 onward, Sir Johnserved in the highest positions of state,as deputy prime minister, attorneygeneral, leader of the opposition and,in 1972, as prime minister. He wasmade a Privy Councillor in 1966, aCompanion of Honour in 1973, andKnight Grand Cross of the Order ofthe British Empire in 1974.

Sir John is one of the gentlemen ofNew Zealand politics, always maintain-ing the highest political standards, thesoul of fairness and courtesy, well likedon both sides of the aisle. I will alwaysremember his comment in Parliament,or just outside it, when the news of hisknighthood came through: "I am veryglad my wife is now officially a 'Lady.'She always was, as far as I am con-cerned."

- R. BARRY COLLINS, WARKWORTH, N.Z.

MILITARY DIPLOMACYLONDON, SEPT. 15TH - As Queen Victoriaused to lean on the old Duke of Well-ington, the present Queen relied a loton WSC. There was, for example, thetime an American admiral nicked agold teaspoon at Buckingham Palace.He was seen, but no-one wanted totackle the VIP. According to a newbook, WSC decided on direct action.

Tucking a similar gold spoon into histop pocket so that it showed, SirWinston sauntered up to the thief."We've been spotted," he whispered."We'll have to put them back."

MORE PRICEYCHURCHILLIANALONDON, JAN. IOTH - Last year a sheet ofpaper culled from a typist's wastebasket(Churchill dictation describing hisfamily's eye-witness view of the flyingbomb that demolished Wellington Bar-racks in 1944) sold at Sotheby's formore than £1000. We can see somepoint in collecting autograph letters. A

continued overleaf

ICS COVER #3025th Anniversary of Sir

Winston's Hon. US Citizenship

Our 30th commemorative cover waspostmarked in Washington on 9 Apriland sent to members on the automaticcovers list. If you wish to be placed onour list for future covers, send me yourname and address. There is no chargeto ICS members.

Recipients will notice a doublepostmark, which occurred when theWashington philatelic countermistakenly routed our specially can-celled covers through the regular mail.If you wish your cover replaced by anunaddressed copy with a single post-mark, send it to me together with onedollar (Can/Aus/USA) or 50p inBritish stamps. This offer is strictlylimited because only 50 unaddressedcovers remain — the smallest quantityof a properly cancelled ICS cover inmany years.

Kay Murphy Halle, the prime moverin Churchill's honorary citizenship,graciously signed 25 (single-cancel)covers for the Society. These areavailable in exchange for a minimumdonation of $5 (Aus/Can/USA) or£ 2 Vi (UK), one per member please.

All cover orders, exchanges and cor-respondence should be sent to me at221 Pewter Lane, Silver Spring MD20904 USA. — Dave Marcus

Kay Murphy Halle

INTERNATIONAL DATELINES, continuedsheet of typescript with a few red squig-gles on it baffles us — as, we think, itwould WSC.

The latest objet d 'art in these rarifiedclimes is a Royal Doulton limited edi-tion Churchill toby mug — a fairlikeness, admittedly, so rare that evenR.D. do not have a copy, said to be go-ing for about £7,500.

PRINCE CHARLES ON WSCDALLAS, 1986 - Better late than never, wepublish a Churchillism quoted twoyears ago by the Prince of Wales, at theChurchill Prize dinner for Ross Perot.This originated with HRH's uncle, thelate Earl Mountbatten, former Patronof the Churchill Society.

Inspecting a Home Guard unit,Churchill asked a relatively youthfulmember if he would rather be in thethick of the action instead of stuck athome. "No sir," replied the man, "I likebeing at home and I love my wife." ThePM snapped back, "I like cigars, but Ido take them out of my mouth fromtime to time."

Jane and Caspar Weinberger

FEATHER IN HIS CAPLONDON, FEB. 26 - ICS HonoraryMember, former US Secretary ofDefense Caspar Weinberger, receivedan honorary knighthood from theQueen — Knight Grand Cross of theOrder of the British Empire — inrecognition of his outstanding supportof Great Britain in the 1982 Falklandsbattle. It is one of only threescoreknighthoods bestowed over the yearson American citizens. Asked by the (as-

usual-well briefed) press if he was nowto be called "Sir Cap," the Secretaryresponded, "Good Lord no," explain-ing that the "Sir" is not part of thehonor when given to foreigners (andthat the US Constitution "has somestrong things to say" about titles).

Our hon. member therefore addsKBE to his name. No one is more de-serving, and the Society adds its heart-felt congratulations to the manyMr. Weinberger has already re-ceived. —RML

24 JAN 1988: WE REMEMBER"We remember Sir Winston Churchill

with gratitude, admiration and affec-tion . . . for his writings, which havetaken their place among the greatworks of our language, and which willbe read so long as history is read; for hiscommand of the spoken word; for hishatred of hypocrisy and humbug; forhis direction of the war and his im-placable will to overcome all difficultiesand dangers; for his inspiration andleadership; for being the right man inthe right place at the right time."

ABOVE: THe Churchill Society's traditional Bladon wreathlaying. L-to-R: The Hon. NicholasSoames, MP; Richard Haslam-Hopwood; John Smith; Geoffrey J. Wheeler; Peter Mclver;His Grace the Duke of Marlborough; Keith Hatch; Christine Wheeler, Lady Onslow,Mrs. Lainchbury, Lord Charles Sf>encer-Churchill; M.J. Lainchbury.

URGENT MESSAGE FORUSA MEMBERS:

WRITE YOUR CONGRESSMANHouse Joint Resolution 526 (right),

introduced by Rep. Judd Gregg (R-NH),designates 27 November to 3 Decemberas "National Sir Winston ChurchillRecognition Week" — a bill Mr. Gregghas kindly sponsored on our behalf.Senator Bob Packwood (R-Ore.) hasalso promised to introduce a Senatecounterpart.

The Congress traditionally acts onsuch bills only if sufficient grassrootssupport is demonstrated. That can onlycome from you: please write your con-gressman today (address: House ofRepresentatives, Washington DC20515), urging him or her to supportHJ526, using all the arguments at yourcommand. (See "We Remember,"above.)

Our next issue will provide sampleletters and more information on theSenate bill — but please don't wait:This needs your help to succeed.

Dill CONllllHRNan Sum.iin II. J. RES. 5 2 6JOINT RESOLUTIONraiKIMlitli: Nm-.'iiilii'r 21 llnmiKli IVrnuInT 3, I'.IRR, „"Nnlinnnl Sir Wiwtlini Cliuirliill l!rr..miili...i Work"

Wlirrrm April '.I, I'.IHR, murks Iliit 251I1 ninnvvrsiiry til tingrimliug |>[ Im -nry nliznisliin In Kir Wiiislnn ('Inn. lull I.)lint Unilnl Klnli-s;

Wlii-rms Sir Winslnn (Hinri'liill ni Inn I Nnvnnlinr HO,

Wlu'rrns Kir Wiiwliin i:liiiirliiH's IIIOIIIIT, Jrnnir .Prrnmi,(iliurrliill, ni nil Aiiii'rirnii, Ilini'liy iiiiikiiij! Kir WirattiinClilirrliill n sun <>( AniiTirn Munich n sulijirl i>( (IrralItrilnii.;

Wlinriu Kir Wiimlnli Olmrrliill iiupirnl Ilin wnrlil with liis ciiin-tiiilmriit In Hi'' itlrnls '•[ liri'iliin >l only <l>iririK I1""'1

limn lull ilnring Ihr ilmli-st mils "I Wiirlil Wnr II;

Wlirrrns Kir Winslmi Cluirrliill rorciRlliu'il lilt iinporfnnrit elutiiliTMnmliiii; history nml Hut rrli'vniirn ni liislnrv to Ilii-prrscnl ilny; null

Wlil'ri'n! Kir WinCim Cliillrliill Ilimli' *i|>iiilirniil nnitiiliiihoii? tolint iiiinlrrn wurlil: Ni.lv, lliiTclurr, Ixt it

I Hraoh'nl hy lltr Sriwlr mill llmtsr tr( llrinwilitlilv.'

•2 «/ Ihr llnilnl Ulnlra ,,/ Amnirii in r'mrjirM mvinWnf,

:i Tlml Niivniilutr 21 Ilirinipli DIT lirr : i , lilSK. is ilrnignntril

•I us "Nntioiiiil Sir WiiWmi Clmrrliill l(m.(;iiiliini Wi-ck", mill

H lint I'rrsiilnil is nutlinriznl nml rc'|nrslnl lo is.fint n iiritrln-

C, inniu.ii rnllini; iipmi Ihr pniplit ..I lliit llnili'il Klnlrs In nil.

7 Krrvo Riit-li wi-rk willi nlil'ni|irinli! cnn'innniitB nml ni-livilirfi.

O

What Did Churchill Thinkof Australia?

Great Destiny, Sacred Memories

ENGLISH convicts had long been transported toAmerica, but since the War of Independence the

Government had nowhere to send them . . . Why not sendthem to the new continent? The younger Pitt's administra-tion shrank from colonial ventures after the disasters inNorth America, but delay was deemed impossible, and inJanuary 1788 717 convicts were anchored in Botany Bay.

The full migratory wave of free settlers did not reachAustralia till the 1820s. Even the future Commonwealth'sname was not yet determined. "New Holland" and othertitles were bestowed upon it. Attracted by the discovery ofrich pasture in the hinterland of New South Wales, English-speaking emigrants began to trickle into the empty sub-continent and rapidly transformed the character and life ofthe early communities. The population changed from about15,000 convicts and 21,000 free settlers in 1828 to 27,000convicts and over 100,000 free settlers in 1841.

The increase of population, trade and revenue made it im-perative to reform the makeshift constitutions of 1850. Be-tween 1855 and 1859 two-chamber Parliaments, elected bypopular vote and with Ministers responsible to the LowerHouse, were introduced in all the antipodean states exceptWestern Australia, where self-government came later.

Great changes were still to unroll, and Australia as wenow know it was born in 1901 by the association of the col-onies in a Commonwealth, with a new capital at Canberra.Federation came late and slowly to the southern continent,for the lively, various, widely separated settlements cherish-ed their own self-rule. No threat or pressure had yet arisenfrom Asia to the north which would generate an overridingsense of unity. This was to come. Even today most of theAustralian population dwells in settlements founded in the19th century. The heart of the country, over a millionsquare miles in extent, has attracted delvers after metals andranchers of cattle, but it remains largely uninhabited. Thesilence of the bush and the loneliness of the desert are onlydisturbed by the passing of some transcontinental express,the whirr of a boomerang, or the drone of a pilotless missile.

- HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING PEOPLES, VOLUME IV

& & &

We regard the effort which the Australian Com-monwealth is making as heroic, and we will leave nothingundone to make it a complete success.

- NAVAL ESTIMATES SPEECH, HOUSE OF COMMONS, 17 MARCH 1914

& & &

The [Gallipoli] armies are like men fighting on a high and

BY WINSTON S. CHURCHILL

narrow scaffold above the surface of the earth. To step backmeans not merely defeat, but destruction. That is why Ihave always, in speaking of this, dwelt upon the immenseimportance of every yard of ground, or every furlong that isgained by the heroic courage of our soliders and of oursuperb Australian fellow citizens. (Cheers.)

- SPEECH, ENF1ELD LOCK, 17 SEPTEMBER 1915

While we sit here the fighting line of the British Army,with the Australian and Canadian Armies included in it, isholding nearly 40 of the finest divisions of the German Ar-my on its front, and every moment a stream of killed andwounded is passing from the fighting line to the rear. TheAustralians are in contact with the enemy. What we haveabove all things is the feeling that behind the fighting linethere is a resolute, intense, sagacious, driving power, whichby every means, social, political, military, naval, will be car-rying our cause forward to victory. (Cheers.) It is because wehave seen in the guest of this evening [Australian PrimeMinister W.M. Hughes] a man who has a seeing eye, adauntless heart, and a daring hand.

- DINNER FOR MR. HUGHES, RITZ HOTEL, LONDON, 23 JUNE 1916

Mr. McPherson is the Chancellor of the Exchequer ofVictoria, Australia, and is much more fortunate than a suc-cession of British Chancellors of the Exchequer: he has nothad to impose any additional taxation!

- LUNCHEON FOR MR. MC PHERSON, LONDON, 10 MAY 1921

The great naval fortress at Singapore is rapidly nearingcompletion. We have no wish to menace any country in theworld. Singapore is as far from Japan as Southampton fromNew York, but Singapore's base is a stepping-stone thatGreat Britain can use in any great crisis to go to the aid ofAustralia and New Zealand. And she will go to their aid solong as breath is in her body.

Prime Minister Lyons was called to the summit ofAustralian affairs at the worst possible moment. People hereunderrated the rigour of the depression upon Australia, butMr. Lyons for six years has presided over the destinies of avast continent. After difficult and intricate political opera-tions, he has secured a steady Government and hastransformed Australia into a state of dignity and security.

- AUSTRALIA CLUB DINNER, LONDON, 10 JUNE 1937

BICENTENNIAL PHILATELY: LEFT:Australia's 26 January se-tenant strip de-signed by Sue Passmore of Australia Postmarks arrival of the First Fleet in BotanyBay. BELOW LEFT: Britain's version of the21 June Australia-UK joint issue, designedby Garry Emery and portraying earlysettler, Parliament buildings, cricketer W.G.Grace, Shakespeare/John Lennon/Sydneyopera house/harbour bridge, BELOW: The26 January Australia/USA joint issue, thewhimsical dancing koala and eagle designedby Keryn Christos of Australia Post.

Austiahan Bicentenary 1788-1988

BiCENTrNNML

AUSTRALIA 1FIRST DAY OF ISSUE

Joint issue with the USA

Churchill on Australia

Australian troops are bearing with great distinction muchof the brunt of the fighting in the Middle East, and it mustbe very painful to Australians to be told that we are onlymaking a three-quarter effort here at home to put properweapons in their hands.

- HOUSE OF COMMONS, 29 JULY 1941

£<• & &

[Invading Australia] would seem a very ambitiousoverseas operation for Japan to undertake. However,everything in human power that we can do to helpAustralia, or persuade America to do, we will do.

- HOUSE OF COMMONS, 27 JANUARY 1942

We were all touched and deeply moved at the gifts madeby Australia and New Zealand in reducing their sterlingbalances for the sake of the dear old Motherland, now in themess and muddle into which she seems to them to havebeen thrown. But it was unpleasant to feel that this aid fromour children from across the ocean was little more than halfof the money racketed away by the postwar Army in Ger-

many — £58 million in what the Secretary of State for Warcomplacently called a "merry game."

- HOUSE OF COMMONS, 12 MARCH 1947

I think we have, all of us, a feeling that we stand todayvery high up in the headstream of Australian history.Although so much has been done, it is but an earnest ofwhat will be done. We must look forward 100, 200, 300years, to the time when the vast subcontinent of Australiawill contain an enormous population. And when that greatpopulation will look back through the preceding periods oftime to the world-shaking episode of the Great War, andwhen they will seek out with the most intense care everydetail of that struggle; when the movements of every bat-talion, of every company, will be elaborately unfolded to thegaze of all; when every family will seek to trace some con-nexion with the heroes who landed on the Gallipoli Penin-sula, or fought on the Somme, or in the other great battlesin France; and when the names of the men who have wondistinction by their valour, the men who have gained theVictoria Cross, will be preserved as sacred memories, andwill constitute the claim in the months of generations yetunborn to the most honourable ancestry and origin whichany human being could wish."

- AUSTRALIA & NZ CLUB LUNCHEON, LONDON, 16 DECEMBER 1918

What Does Australia Thinkof Churchill?

Fair Dinkum Hero Or Pommie Pollie?BY GEORGE RICHARD

P ERHAPS the best way to start this article is to translatethe title. "Fair dinkum" is a popular expression around

Australia,meaning"genuine;honest-to-goodness;thoroughlyreliable." A "Pommie" is anyone from England (the originof the word is uncertain, but one theory is that it goes backto the days of "Transportation," when the prisoners beingsent to Australian penal colonies were referred to as"Prisoners of Old Mother England"). "Pollies" are simplypoliticians.

To ascertain how Churchill is viewed by Australians to-day is not all that easy, principally because it is not easy tofind many people with more than an extremely sketchy ideaof Sir Winston's life and works. Afficionados excepted,those with some familiarity with Churchill fall into twocategories: those old enough to have memories of the Sec-ond World War (or earlier); and those of the youngerbrigade whose studies have included history, or at least 20thcentury history.

Australian-born Sydney Low's New Statesman cartoon of1 May 1926 captures a WSC.not often portrayed in Low's left-wing parodies. (Republished in Low's Lions and Lambs, 1928).

Among the former, some will refer critically to his Dar-danelles involvement. But if asked the reason for their at-titude, they will be hard put to rationalize their feelings. Inmost cases it could almost be classified as unquestioning ac-ceptance of handed-down prejudice, Churchill being easy toslot into the necessary role of scapegoat.

Rightly or wrongly — and of course I believe wrongly —there exists in Australia a belief that the terrible slaughter of

the Anzacs could have been reduced or avoided had Chur-chill not been directly involved. Such believers, if question-ed as to their opinion of WSC as prime minister in the Sec-ond World War, are likely to praise his oratory but allegethat his treatment of Anzac troops in North Africa leftsomething to be desired.

In this instance also, the scapegoat brigade would appearto have something to answer for. Yet to many Australians —particularly those who spent the war years at home — it wasthe United States rather than Britain that saved them fromJapanese invasion. And indeed that is largely the case. Atthe risk of oversimplification, we could say that to manyAustralians there were two wars: Britain against Germanyand the United States against Japan. Because of that view, amuch greater interest in and knowledge of U.S. than Britishpoliticians was evinced by many here.

The youth of Australia, especially if they have attendedUniversity, generally adopt a more objective view of the twoWorld Wars than their more senior countrymen. Havinghad access to more recent books and essays than most, theyare less censorious of the Dardanelles and North Africa.Yet, I fear, they are also less laudatory of Churchill's war-time speech-making, considering it more or less rhetoric, itsfull effect on listeners not being appreciated. Perhaps that isinevitable, since the full impact could only be appreciated atthe time. As with the older group, the feeling too is that theU.S.A. and Roosevelt were more significant to Australiathan Great Britain and Churchill.

To the Australian, then, was Churchfll a fair dinkumhero or indeed simply another Pommie pollie?

The majority of Australians would, alas, answer, "don'tknow"! The thinking minority (again excluding "buffs")would, I feel, come down in favour of the fair dinkum hero,a bloke who did a grand job — for the Pommies.

The dinky di (native born) Australian is by nature broad-minded and tolerant. To him or her, I believe Churchill isthought of as an historical figure, one who never visited Aus-tralia but who nevertheless made a very considerable contri-bution to the folklore of the nation. He is admired as onewho "gave it a go," something guaranteed to generatewarmth among locals. There is still lingering suspicion thatWSC may not always have done the right thing by Australia(q.v. David Day's Menzies and Churchill at War, reviewedherein). But in general Sir Winston is certainly not lookedupon as just another Pommie pollie. Which, considering theAussie opinion of homo politicus, is altogether just as well. •

Churchill and Menzies:Partners or Rivals?

'Churchill, beware of Menzies; take heed of Cecil King;

come not near Beaverbrook; trust not Chips Channon;mark well Cadogan; Lloyd George loves thee not;

yon Attlee has a lean and hungry look . . . "BY H. ASHLEY REDBURN, OBE

A" most recently illustrated by David Irving's muck-rakerChurchill's War (FH #57, page 5), the subject of

Winston Churchill is of unending fascination to those witha stomach for hypocrisy and an ignorance of the politician— Adam Smith's "insidious or crafty animal whose counselsare directed by the momentary fluctuation of affairs." Forthose beset with such prejudices, the Churchill Saga is oneof Devious Devils, Diaries and Daggers. With the greatestrespect to our colleagues down under, and in somewhat ap-posite mood for this Australian Number, we must observethat a lot of this sort of material has lately emanated fromAustralia. Irving's book is the latest such. David Day's272-page Menzies and Churchill At War is the previous exam-ple. Still, Australians may take heart. As Sir Winston isalleged to have told Ribbentrop, when the German Am-bassador reminded him that this time Germany had Italyon her side — perhaps it's just your turn.

As I read Menzies and Churchill at War, I mused that someday Shakespeare's mantle may drape an English dramatistwho will write Winston Churchill after the fashion of JuliusCaesar. As in the latter, Act II Scene III will open: "EnterBrendan Bracken, reading a paper: Churchill, beware ofMenzies; take heed of Cecil King; come not near Beaver-brook; trust not 'Chips' Channon; mark well Cadogan;Lloyd George loves thee not; thou hast wronged Hankey;thy spirit hath offended Cripps; thy long tenure puts Edenout of joint; yon Attlee has a lean and hungry look. There isbut one mind in all these men, and it is bent against thee. Ifthou be'st not immortal, look about you: security gives wayto conspiracy."

It is an intriguing story Mr. Day puts before us, but I amnot sure if he expects us to believe it, or that he has over-much credence in it himself. It is in essence that RobertMenzies, Prime Minister of Australia, was fearful that Chur-chill was prepared to sacrifice the British Empire, in whichMenzies believed passionately (but which to him meant thewhite self-governing Dominions), to secure American help— to sell out the Empire to America.

*Menzies and Churchill At War, by David Day, Angus & Robert-son, Publishers, N.S.W., Australia and London, 5Vi x 83/4, 272pages, illustrated, list price $20. Available to 1CS members postpaidfor $17, C/A$23 or £10 from Churchillbooks, Burrage Road, Con-toocook, New Hampshire 03229 USA.

- "WINSTON CHURCHILL," ACT II SC 3

Second, Churchill's strategy in support of total victorywas wrong. Instead, Menzies believed it would be necessaryto negotiate peace with Germany, and this could best bedone through the replacement of Churchill as PrimeMinister by . . . Menzies himself!

When Russia and Japan entered the war, appeasementbecame impossible, but the prospect of replacing Churchilldid not recede. How could a man of Menzies' intelligencebelieve one could do a deal with Hitler which would endure— after the experience of Czechoslovakia, Austria, Poland,Holland and Belgium? Or that the British people likewisewould now sup with the Nazi Devil? That they woulddiscard Churchill the indomitable, the inspirer, for an An-tipodean politician who did not command united supporteven in his own country?

Of course the handsome, commanding figure of Menzieswas cheered and welcomed in Britain. So were Smuts, theex-enemy, and Wendell Willkie, the unknown Yank.Naturally Mr. Day is writing about a Dominion politician inthe early, uncertain stages of a career which showed prom-ise, but was as yet immature. The naivete and vacillationof Menzies show through these pages; our author is not talk-ing of the international statesman of prestige and authoritywhich Menzies eventually — and deservedly — became."What irresponsible rubbish these Antipodeans talk," con-fided Cadogan to his Diary, after a meeting between "Rab"Butler, Menzies, Shedden and Bruce to discuss the Far East.

Mr. Day writes at times as if his revelations of anti-Churchill moves are novel. They are not: for many yearsdiaries, papers, histories and memoirs have revealed dissen-tient voices throughout the war, and dark discussions —one cannot call them plots — took place in clubs, in Com-mons, and wherever two or three were gathered together tofight the war with talk.

What is new is the name of Menzies as a serious contenderfor the post of Premier. The book names names — theregicides, the king-makers, the princes-in-waiting, thetalkers and gossips, the malcontents. What in the end doesthis furor amount to? Which mouse had the courage to bellthe cat? Who had the ability to take Churchill's place as anequal, let alone a superior? Who was capable of waging waroutrance, as Churchill was doing, with the simplicity ofClemenceau's "Je fais la guerre"?

10

"1 CT1T^T^TI7<P

Let us glance at the Trojans. Beaverbrook, says A.J.P.Taylor, did not want power for itself but for the excitementand activity it provided. Some basis for the waging of war!Here was an intriguer, constantly playing both ends againstthe middle, with something of the Jacky Fisher in his mentalattitude: the great newspaper proprietor who blazoned "TheEmpire Crusader" on the front page of, but seldom wroteabout the Empire in, his Daily Express.

Lloyd George, the "Welsh Petain" as Hugh Dalton calledhim, was probably incapable, after 1939, of organizing agovernment in peace or war. Hankey thought totalitarianism haddone good for the inhabitants of Germany and Italy, and did notbelieve Hitler wished to export his creed to the rest of Europe (yetHimmler had included 330,000 British Jews in the list of Europeantotals for the "final solution" of the Jewish problem).

Press baron Cecil King showered advice for years onpoliticians and prime ministers, seeing himself as premier-maker and premier-breaker. (In 1968 he imperiously calledfor the resignation of Harold Wilson; instead, his boardsacked him.) Mr. Day cites King approvingly as a greatagent for change in the wartime government — thisautocratic, arrogant misanthrope and seigneurial socialist.His edited diary was published under the title, "With MaliceToward None," but hardly offered Charity Toward All,since he wrote in contemptuous tones of practically everyperson mentioned. He was a malicious gossip, violently anti-Churchill and, as his biased assessments and criticismsshow, rabidly anti-American. Although his newspapers didmuch to win the 1945 General Election for Labour, they

upset the Labour Cabinet members as much as they upsetChurchill during the war.

"Chips" Channon was an American-born, wealthysocialite snob, an unswerving Chamberlainite M.P.throughout, and an unrepentant appeaser. His Diaries con-tain a mass of jaundiced comments on Churchill, inter-spersed with some admiration.

These were the sources of the crosses Churchill had tobear in addition to the Cross of War (and the erstwhile"Cross of Lorraine"). Fortunately the back was broad, butbeing so presented was a big target for the daggers.

In his Bibliography Mr. Day lists no fewer than 82newspaper sources, "mainly from Menzies' extensive collec-tion of newspaper cuttings," which tells us something aboutMenzies — and prompts the adage, "Don't believeeverything you read in the newspapers." Perhaps the authorshould have heeded what Menzies wrote: "As for contem-porary history, I have no great faith in it. What is the sourcematerial? All too frequently . . . it consists of newspapermaterial all of which is slanted one way or another, anddoes not stop short of the gossip column."

Menzies did not write that he "would be pleased if hisdescendants destroy his private papers" (page 3). He wrote,"My executors will do me good service if they use the in-cinerator freely," which is very different, for in his memoirs,Afternoon Light, Menzies commented wisely on the purposesof keeping a diary and of the errors of writing to justifyoneself and to inculpate others. He also admits that he waswriting in his salad days, when he was "consequently moreprone to intolerance and hasty judgements."

11

Menzies and Churchill. . .I do not find Mr. Day's reasons for Churchill and Menzies

"concealing their conflict" very convincing, nor do I sharehis view that the threat of Menzies to seize the Premiershipwas a very serious one, and I cannot believe Churchillregarded it as such. Mr. Day gives no weight to the constitu-tional issues involved, to the attitudes of both the Conser-vative and Labour Parties, nor to the reactions of people likeEden and other legitimate contenders for the succession. Hehas made much of the PreSs and of the observations ofpoliticians. But why is it that, apart from the alleged silenceof the two principals, one finds no hint of this matter in thewritings or diaries of Eden, Macmillan, Nicolson, Cadogan,Hankey, Beaverbrook, and James Stuart (Conservativechief whip from January 1940 through the Coalition govern-ment) — or in Martin Gilbert's official biography of Chur-chill? No doubt writers like Mr. Day, and Mr. Irving, wouldanswer this by claiming a "conspiracy of silence."

I am not certain that the portrait of Menzies and the ac-count of his aspirations would have the approbation andapproval of Menzies, were he alive today. It is significant

that Menzies' Afternoon Light, published after Churchill'sdeath, deals specifically with the events of 1939-41 yet makesno mention of this bid to oust Churchill. Nor is therereference to an inadequate P.M. in the long and movingtribute to Churchill in that book.

It cannot all be because "old men forget" discreetly.Menzies was always too candid and outspoken for conceal-ment of such an important matter. It would be monstrousto suggest that Menzies would be so devious andhypocritical.

Some years ago, while in the Scottish Highlands, I soughtin a craft shop a wooden mould for decorating pats ofbutter, and requested one with a rose motif. Fiercely thebearded owner demanded, "Whit fer ye want a rose? Whit'swrang wi' a thustlel" If this book is to be believed, RobertMenzies sought vainly the thorny rose of the BritishPremiership in World War II. George VI never summonedhim to the Palace to commission him to head the Govern-ment, but Elizabeth II did make him a Knight of the Thistle.The rose was illusory; the thistle at least was real. One goesto Downing Street, not Fleet Street, for Prime Ministers. D

"A great voice rolling around the world; a great spirit inform-ing the voice; a great courage warming the listeners' ears andcausing their hearts to throb; a wonderful feeling that we were allat the gates of destiny. For my generation, these need nomemorial. But for my grandchildren, they need to be recorded.For if, as 1 hope and believe, they live and work in a free country,they will owe their freedom and their enjoyable industry to oneman above all; the great man who expressed the genius of hismind and the indomitable courage of his heart through the powerof speech unrivalled for a hundred years. Let the clever criticscome on; let them explain Winston's 'errors' and, by implication,show how much wiser the;y would have been."- SIR ROBERT MENZIES IN AFTERNOON LIGHT, CASSELL, 1967

Churchilliana:Lapel Badges BY L.L. THOMAS

I am not entirely satisfied with thephotography here, but there were problemsin doing it at all, and I hope that these in-teresting items will reproduce reasonablywell. All six badges have fasteners for use onlapels. The Chartwell badge is still available."SEND FOR CHURCHILL" was made for the 1951General Election. The round badge at rightshows army and navy -flags and the RAFroundel; this and the centre example withWSC in the "V" were wartime productions.The locomotive on left shows the "WinstonChurchill" steamer in Southern Railwaycolour and number prior to the change toBritish Railway, whilst the righthand is ofthe Romney, Hythe and DymchurchRailway. (We welcome more photos of suchartifacts. — Ed.)

12

Video: "The Last Bastion"Australia, Churchill and the War

BY JOHN G. PLUMPTON

THE LAST BASTION, A Network 10Australia Production, 160 MINUTES(DISTRIBUTED BY ACADEMYHOME ENTERTAINMENT)

For those who like their history witha little more drama than the usualhistories and biographies, there is awealth of video available to enjoy intheir own homes. One of the betterproductions is The Last Bastion, arather long but thoroughly engrossingaccount of Australia and her wars.

Note the use of the plural becausethis is really the account of several ma-jor battles that took place from 1939to 1945: the Allies vs. the Axis;Australia vs. Britain; Menzies vs. Chur-chill; Menzies vs. Curtin; Curtin vs.Churchill; Australia vs. America; andMacArthur vs. Blarney.

The story opens with an effective jux-taposition of dramatic episodes withreal war footage. Prime Minister RobertMenzies announces that because Bri-tain is at war, so is Australia. Thedomestic split is early apparent whenLabour members argue that Australiantroops should not be sent to Europe.The Government replies that noguarantee can be given concerning thedestination of the troops and thatJapan's intentions are critical.Australia, of course, wanted Britain'sguarantee that Singapore would bedefended because it saw that base ascrucial to its own security. The lack ofBritish concern in these early months isillustrated in Anthony Eden's remarkabout the Japanese: "They can't evenmake a watch that works." Later, theAustralians were to be assured by theBritish that the Japanese warplaneswere "technically inferior."

Others in Australia advised that oneJapanese aircraft carrier and one armydivision could take Australia in threedays. This threat was strong pressure tokeep the troops at home despite Bri-tain's plight. But Prime Minister RobertMenzies believed that "if Britain falls,the Empire falls," and he wanted anImperial War Council to include allDominion Prime Ministers. Their

place, he said, was in London, and heset out to ensure that his views pre-vailed on the Churchill Government.On the way he visited Australiantroops in the Middle East and was in-formed that they were treated like rein-forcements for the British army.

Copyright by C.S.HAMMOND &CO..N.Y

100° A B 120° C D 140° Itongtud. F

AUSTRALIARALIA^A-

No Imperial War Cabinet wasformed, but Menzies did sit on theBritish War Cabinet for a short time in1941. Although there is no evidencehere of the fight for power portrayed byDavid Day in Menses and Churchill AtWar, the relations between the twoleaders were stormy to say the least.

13

When Menzies accused the BritishPrime Minister of leading Australiantroops into impossible situationswithout sufficient support, Churchillasked: "What would you have me do —surrender?" "No," stormed Menzies."Just listen to voices other than yourown." But in The Grand Alliance, Chur-chill claimed that Menzies' visit hadbeen most valuable. "He had satthrough two critical months with theWar Cabinet, and had shared many ofour most difficult decisions. He had notbeen satisfied either with the organisa-tion of the cabinet or with my exerciseof such wide powers in the conduct ofthe war. . . . Although my dis-agreements with him were serious, ourrelations had been most friendly."

Menzies was also having problems athome "with a Brutus or two." Hereturned to ask the Labour leader, JohnCurtin, to join him in a NationalGovernment. When his own partywithdrew its support, on the groundsthat he had been absent for so long andhad sold out to Churchill, he resignedand Curtin became Prime Minister un-til his own death just before the peace.Churchill was able to commisseratewith Menzies because of the similaritiesin the political fates. After Menzies'resignation Churchill wrote him that "Iwent through a similar experiencewhen I was removed from the Admiral-ty at a moment when I could havegiven the Anzacs a fair chance of vic-tory at the Dardanelles."

The battles between Curtin andChurchill were primarily strategicalthough an amusing incident showedother differences. When Churchillasked for background material on Cur-tin he was told that he had been jailedfor opposing conscription in WorldWar I, had an alcohol problem and wasof Irish background. Churchill replied:"If that wasn't enough, he's a socialist!"Later in The Hinge of Fate, Churchillmakes the following comments abouthis relationship with Curtin: "Ourdiscussions about the relief of theAustralian troops in Tobruk had notbeen agreeable. Later in the war, ineasier times, when he came to Englandand we all got to know him well, there

was general respect and liking for thiseminent and striking Australian per-sonality, and I personally formed withhim a friendship which, alas, was cutshort by his untimely death."

In his worst moments, Churchill wasquite caustic about the Australians. Heblamed them for the failure to sweepthe Dardanelles at Gallipoli and com-mented that "you can't breed a decentrace from convicts and Irishmen." Onewould hope the producers of this filmwere exercising considerable artisticlicense in these scenes.

To Curtin and his supporters, Chur-chill's Government treated the Austra-lians as merely appendages. ("As far asChurchill is concerned the Empire endsat India but if he betrays Australia,history will indict him.") They wereconstantly told that if Singapore wereto fall, the British would abandon theMediterranean and come to their aid.Menzies seemed to accept this promisemore than any others. Most of theLabour members and a good share ofMenzies' colleagues took it for theempty promise it was. Given thestrategic importance that the British at-tached to the Mediterranean, there waslittle likelihood that it would ever hap-pen. In any event, Australia did nothave the resources to hold out until theBritish assistance arrived. Besides,Churchill reassured everyone that"Singapore cannot possibly fall."

But it did, and the British wereunable to do anything about it. Britainno longer ruled the Pacific waves if italso wanted to keep a fleet on theAtlantic and Indian Oceans and theMediterranean Sea. So the Australianspublicly turned to America for support.Menzies thought that this was going attheir heritage with an axe. Churchillsaid they could go to hell. Rooseveltwas just as angry. He thought that apublic speech by Curtin to the effectthat Australia's destiny was in thehands of America smacked of panicand disloyalty.

Needless to say, the Australians werevery distressed by the American policyto put Europe first. But their view ofthings changed somewhat when theAmerican General Douglas Mac-Arthur was put in command ofSouthwest Asia and sent to Australia.The brawl between Curtin and Chur-chill was over. There would be nobrawl between Curtin and MacArthur.Although MacArthur was every bit asdetermined and obstinate as Churchill,

he was on the scene and able to con-vince Curtin that this absolute controlwas necessary to fight the war withJapan.

The last part of the film dramatizesthe efforts of MacArthur to rally hisforces in the defence of Australia andthe preparation for a return to thePhillippines. The main rivalry here wasbetween MacArthur and GeneralBlarney, the Australian Army Com-mander. MacArthur informed his ownofficers that he had not brought themfrom Corregidor "to take orders from abunch of colonial hicks." Curtin tookMacArthur's side to the extent that allcommunication between Australianpolitical and military officials had to gothrough the American commander.Blarney's retort was that Curtin hadjust silenced his last Australian voice.The Australian military saw themselvesin a "back-seat" at best in their rela-tionship with the Americans.

The view we get of Winston Chur-chill in this film is one of a leaderdesperately trying to establish prioritiesand marshall all the resources of theEmpire in support of those priorities.Hitler was the enemy and nothing mustinterfere with the plans for his defeat.Not all allies within Britain, the Empireor the United States agreed with him,but he believed it his duty to prevail.Because he was at the centre of power,he was also the focal point for everyonewho wanted to influence policy. But ashe told the Australian envoy in onescene: "You can't kick me around. I'mnot kickable."

Churchill also had trouble, not-withstanding his patronizing views ofthe Empire, understanding Australia's"whining." Her fears were just that —fears. Britain's travails were real, thebombing was real. Furthermore, thebombing was on London and othercentral cities, not in British equivalentsto outback areas like Darwin. Chur-chill believed that Britain had sufferedgreatly relative to her allies. Whenhe told Anthony Eden that he weptopenly when he thought of the boys inthe airforce who had been sacrificed, hehad to be reminded by Eden that manyof those boys were Australian.

Their great ally, Franklin Roosevelt,is seen in full support throughout thestory. He knew that war with Japanwas coming and he knew that Australiawas in danger. But he accepted Chur-chill's arguments for making Germanythe primary enemy and refused to be

distracted from that policy despitenumerous entreaties from Australianrepresentatives.

It was a master stroke by Rooseveltto send MacArthur to Australia, al-though it was interesting to see thePresident phoning the AustralianPrime Minister to tell him that theGeneral was already in his country.Nevertheless, MacArthur was just whatthe Australians needed, and in theend he was probably worth as much tothem as the British divisions and bat-tleships that never appeared. Curtinwelcomed the assignment of MacAr-thur because he was sure that theAmericans never would have sent theirtop general if they had thought thatAustralia was going under. He did notknow that Roosevelt partially saw theappointment as an opportunity forMacArthur to fulfill his need to be amartyr.

Despite Australian fears, Churchilland Roosevelt were right. Australiacould be saved only if Japan wasdefeated, and that event had to bepreceded by the defeat of Germany.Churchill had to sacrifice part of theEmpire to accomplish it. But no part ofthe Empire paid nearly the price thatBritain herself did. To reverse Menzies'comment: If Britain was saved, the Em-pire was saved — although in quite adifferent form.

Timothy West is a very plausibleChurchill, as he was in other produc-tions like Churchill and the Generals.Robert Vaughan plays an improbableMacArthur. I'm afraid I still see himmore as Napoleon (Solo, in The ManFrom U.N.C.L.E.y. The actors who playMenzies, Curtin, Anthony Eden,General Marshall and Roosevelt por-tray them credibly and generally looklike them, but why do they haveGeorge Marshall sporting a moustache?The choice of the supporting charactersin the story is also interesting. Chur-chill's only adviser is Anthony Eden;military men like Ismay or Brooke haveno dialogue. Roosevelt has only Mar-shall and King, no civilians likeHopkins or Rosenman.

The Last Bastion is an excellent in-troduction to domestic Australianpolitics and that country's role inthe war. Despite the inevitable licensetaken regarding some personal conver-sations, it is good history and entertain-ing drama. What better team could weever have (unless it was Churchill andRoosevelt)? •

14

CHURCHILL IN POPULAR AND ACADEMIC LITERATUREABSTRACTS EDITED BY JOHN G. PLUMPTON

P.G. Edwards, "S.M. Bruce, R.G. Men-zies and Australia's War Aims and PeaceAims, 1939-1940," Historical Studies(University of Melbourne), Vol. 17, No.66, April 1976: 1-14.

During the period of the so-called"Phoney War" there was considerablediscussion between Britain and theDominions over what they were fight-ing for. References to this controversyare almost totally absent from Chur-chill's memoirs. The key Australianparticipants in this debate were S.M.Bruce, the High Commissioner to Bri-tain and Prime Minister R.G. Menzies.

"War Aims" refers to the conditionsupon which a government will suc-cessfully conclude hostilities. "PeaceAims" includes a view of what sort ofworld should be created after the war.

The Australians were anxious to re-spond to Hitler's peace initiative of 6October and feared that Germany waswinning the propaganda battle — par-ticularly in Australia and the UnitedStates. Chamberlain's response wasseen as lame and uninspiring. Menziescabled Chamberlain with the sugges-tion that "we are not aiming really atvictory but rather looking beyond it toa laying of the foundation of a betterinternational system." Chamberlainmisunderstood. He thought Australiaand the other Dominions believed, ashe did, that the commitment to war wasreversible and an acceptable settlementwith Hitler was possible. They did notshare his optimism.

On the other hand, the Australiansdid not agree with the French, and theBritish as represented by WinstonChurchill, who wanted a post-warworld essentially similar to the pre-warworld but with Germany defeated,disarmed and perhaps dismembered.Bruce had vehemently informed Chur-

chill that world opinion would not per-mit a vindictive peace settlement aimedat subjecting and destroying Germany.All the Dominions wanted to avoidanother Versailles peace.

Although Menzies and Bruce were inagreement, there was some dissentwithin the Australian Cabinet. TheMinutes merely state that the proposals"did not meet with general agreement."

When United States Undersecretaryof State Sumner Welles visited the war-ring capitals on a fact-finding tour inFebruary 1940, Bruce informed himthat Australia and the other Domin-ions were even more resolute than in1914. He also advised Welles that theonly way to avert disaster was to havePresident Roosevelt put forward revolu-tionary proposals for a new politicaland economic order in the world.

The debate over peace aims endedwith the German Blitzkrieg in May,1940, and the accession of Churchill toPrime Minister ended any doubts aboutthe resolution of the British leadership.Bruce told Menzies that full supportfrom the United States was now criticaland that German propaganda after theexpected fall of France must becountered.

Bruce persisted for some months intrying to persuade Churchill of thevalue of a statement of peace aims interms that must have seemeddangerously socialistic to the BritishPrime Minister. But the question of thedefense and survival of the British Islesvery quickly became the primary waraim for all. Nevertheless, theAustralians were more than pleasedwith the concepts that emerged in theAtlantic Charter, on which Rooseveltand Churchill agreed in August 1941.As the turning-point in the war passedin 1943, the Australians now had toplan for a more just and egalitariansociety at home, and consideration wasbeing given to the organization whichwould inevitably replace the League ofnations.

The Australians, particularly Bruce,had been caught in a paradox in ad-vocating their views. They wanted toappeal to German and neutral publicopinion, but they also wanted togalvanize and inspire British and Allied

15

public opinion. The Churchillianresolution and rhetoric required forone had the opposite effect on theother. For their part, the Britishthought that the Dominion High Com-missioners, again particularly Bruce,were undependable busybodies withnot enough to do.

D.S.C. Sissons, "Australian War Policy1939-1945," Historical Studies, (Univer-sity of Melbourne), Vol. 17, No. 69, Oc-tober 1977: 489-505.

Only two of the belligerents of WorldWar II were at war longer thanAustralia. Few suffered less. Australia'scontribution in absolute terms wassmall, but it was enough to make adiscernible impact on the shape of thewar. Australia's political and militaryleaders in 1939-1945 were confrontedwith numerous problems whose intrin-sic intellectual difficulty was out of allproportion to the meagre militaryresources the nation commanded. So itis not really surprising that Australia'swar policy had its shortcomings.Australia was completely ignored in theplanning of the air offensive overEurope, the most costly single cam-paign, in terms of lives lost, in which itwas involved. In early 1942, at the timeof greatest need, the Australianhomeland was almost bereft of effectivedefence forces. From August 1942 untilJanuary 1944 Australia's army played avital role in helping an Allied com-mander achieve his ambitions, but thishelp was not publicly recognized bythat commander, General DouglasMacArthur. In the last year of the warAustralia made its maximum militaryeffort in the field, but this was in cam-paigns which were completely useless,strategically.

While fighting beside Britain againstGermany and Italy, Australia almostcompletely surrendered strategic con-trol over her own forces to Britain. Inthe war in the Pacific the key decisionsconcerning Australia were made inTokyo, Washington and to a lesser ex-tent London. In particular, there wasJapan's decision not to conquer Aus-tralia; America's decision to hold

Australia and use it as a base for acounter-offensive; and Britain's seriesof decisions about the Malayan cam-paign.

Australia produced no wartime figureof the stature of Churchill orRoosevelt. Robert Menzies had amediocre record as Prime Minister untilhe lost power in 1941. The greatestfigure was Prime Minister John Curtinwhose most notable skill was softeninganimosities on the home front.

The decisions to involve Australiantroops in the disastrous landing inGreece, the fiasco in Crete, the losses atTobruk and the successful invasion ofSyria were made by British leaders withlittle consultation with Australia,although Menzies was in London andasking Churchill some very probingquestions.

The seven months following the at-tack on Pearl Harbour saw the mostfrenzied period of decision-making in-volving Australia. The failure to holdSingapore made evident Britain's in-ability to defend Australia. Churchill

and Curtin engaged in a major battleover whether the Australian 7th Divi-sion should go home or go to Rangoon.If Churchill's wishes had prevailed theAustralians would have reachedRangoon just in time either to be cap-tured by the Japanese, or to take part inthe disorganized retreat to India.

Australian Official Histories con-clude that on a comparative populationbasis the Australian performance wasvery good compared to the allies.Without the Anzacs there may havebeen no Greek or Crete campaigns,and they certainly kept the British fromcollapsing in the Middle East atTobruk. They also played a crucial role

Australians, never represented, could at least counton frequency of meetings between their chief allies:this one, at Quebec on 18 August 1943, was the sixthof 11 (counting Cairo twice at either end of Teheran)between FDR and WSC. Standing, L-R: Gen."Hap" Arnold; Sir Charles Portal, RAF; Gen. SirAlan Brooke; Adm. Emest }. King, USN; Sir JohnDill; Gen. George C. Marshall; Admiral Pound,RN; Adm. Leahy, UShl. Seated at left is PrimeMinister Mackenzie King of Canada.

at El Alamein.In the Pacific, Japan was defeated by

the submarine campaign which sankher merchant marine and by Nimitz'sCentral Pacific drive which broughtJapan within the range of Americanbombers. One might even argue thatAustralia lengthened the war by help-ing MacArthur to divert resources fromthe vital Central Pacific theatre, but itshould be remembered that a signifi-cant proportion of the American sub-marine campaign was fought frombases in Australia.

Australia was unable to retain con-trol of its own warriors. It was also pro-foundly influenced by a pre-warstrategy which depended on Singaporeas central to Australia's security. Itwasn't, but its fall led to an excessivereliance upon American aid and to ex-cessive willingness to let MacArthurdetermine strategy in the SouthwestPacific Area. But how can a small na-tion have much say in determining thestrategy of a coalition in which its part-ner is some hundred times stronger? •

16

CHURCHILL COLLECTORS HANDBOOK SUPPLEMENT 3 (REV 6-88)

Section 3: Directory to the International Churchill SocietyWith Members of Record as of June 1988

For the personal use oflCS members, branches and chapters.

Publication of complete addresses is prohibited by Article VI of the Society By-laws, in order to assure the privacy of our members.However, any individual member may request a partial list, covering all other members in his or her local area, for personal contact orfor the purpose of organizing a chapter. To receive such lists, please contact your membership office in any of the five countries listed inthe Directory on page 3 of each Finest Hour. We do hope this list of current members will remind you of the increasing number ofneighbors who share your interest, and prompt you to contact them in the near future.

AUSTRALIA

AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TUB) I TORTCampbell/ Pater Buchanan Canberra/ Churchill Menorinl Trust

Balman/ Roy FidgeBelmore So/ John WegnerBui-wood/ W.J. TnggertCammeray/ Norma BartleyCremorne/ Paul JacobsDubho/ Ralph DormnFnlrllght/ Greg Marusic

mm SOOTH KALISForestvie/ Peter ClouatonGreenwich/ H. A. WilsonHone Bush/ R. J. McCluakleKi Hartley Ills/ John MeyersLugarno/ Douglas MearsMonterey/ R. R. HenydonNnmbucca Hds/ Roy MorantNeutral Bay/ Susan Kennedy

Pngewood/ Arthur BaxterRoue Bny/ Philip StrasserStrathfield/ E.J. BrittonSydney/ W. R. CalvinUltimo/ S. LaurieHaterton/ Henry GambleWollatonecroft/

Jack Addison

Brisbane/Andrew Hnrwood,Harvey D. Humphreys

OORIBLAHDFairfield/ Yvonne CampbellMargate/ C.A. Lcbeanft

TASMANIATaroona/ George Richard

Yorkeys Knob/

Daphne NielBon

VICTORIABlarkhurn So/ Churchill Fellows Assn Oak Park/ Kevin BlissEndeavour Hills/ Peter M. Jenkins South Ynrra/ John Blliott

The Basin/ George Hill

MB8TBRN AUSTRALIA

Lynwood/ Ray Perry South Yunderup/ J.E.J. Arscott

CANADA

Note: Incomplete owing to ongoing renewals; Canada total approx. 350.

K. M. BredinPeter C. BnwdonChris BellG. Rwart Brown

J. J. BoultonArthur CloadA. F. CollinsD. H. FleckL o m e GunlcirHarvey Hebb

ALBERTA - CALOARYPeter Burgener John C. HaryettJ. R. CollinsTim Finnls

Lt John Grodsinski

W. A. HowardG. J. MnierFred C. Mannix

Harry HoleR. K. HoleR. HurlburtGeorge H. LambertDnvld T. LeakerS. A. MacTnggart

Stanley C. Waters

ALURTA - EDMONTONA. T. HurrayJames NewbyKenneth C. PalsJ. G. PetersonD. V. ReynoldsW. H. Ross, CD

The President, Air Force Club

Fred A. McKlnnonII. S. PattersonWilliam P. TaylorW. H. Tye

WllTred SadlerJ. SiegenbergDerek SpitzW.J.S. SunleyKeith F. WakefieldH. T. Williams

Lamont/ J. K. Hutson

ALBERTA

St. Albert/ Maj.W.A. West

Knye AdamsPhilip C. BarterFrank BattershillW. J. BorrieRobert BrownRobert B.J. BurnsHubert 0. ChapmanJohn V. ClyneJ.Stuart ClynnWilliam Y.CrawfordErnest D. DannyDouglas R. DayJohn D'KnthDavid DevlneJulian S. DiamondJean Lieon DoisePierre Doise

BRITISH COLIMIA - VANCOCVn (I. NORTH VANC.)R. T. Du MoulinM. Donald RaatonWilliam EBB tonThomas C. EddieJohn FlowerdrwDennis ForrlstelRrx B. ForteacueW.D.H. GardinerDavid G. GooldDavid A. GrahamRalph -HardingD. R. HildrethHarold T. HopeD.Lukin JohnstonG. D. HettyIsBarry KirkhamW. C. Koerner

Soul KohnThomas R. LadnerMichael M. LambertLes M. LittleA. E. MacDonnldLarry T. MacauleyJames D. MawDouglaa MclnnesAndrew F.L.MilliganD. E. NormanDavid OdhamaH.A.D. Oliver,QCRonald PenhallNorman F. RigbyMichael R. ShieldsL o m e SinclairGordon T.Southam

Leslie A. StrikeLionel S. SuchStan SzaryAllan D. ThackrayR. W. UnderhillVancouver

Public LibraryRichard VogelMichael A. Walker

Michael V. WebsterC.S. WhiteJohn WilliamsJ.E. WilsonStanley R. WinfieldHarold M. WrightBryan E. YiruahCharles Young

Robin J.Abercrombie Ronald W.DowneyBRITISH COLIMIA - VANCOUVER (MIST)

George A. AdamsH.P. Bell-IrvingFrank BernnrdWilliam G. BrownMurray CmneronJ. ChutterC.A. Decosson

Normnn H. FaiersJohn FnrrellGeorge FluterJohn GoodgerJnmes D. KadlecWnrnett KennedyS.J. Kernnghnn

Donald LennkailClayton LehmanFrank McNultyW.T. MoneyJohn D.MontgomeryJohn NewbuiyW. F. RamseyF. A. Robertson

Franklin Bit ingsEdward C.Rowdrn GreenP. D. P. HolmesDr. A. H. Lane

Abbtsfrd/ Michael BrearRurnnby/ Fred GingellCampbell R/ Rob PattenCoquitlam/ Roy Flaxman,

Ivor KellettDuncan/ George Maggs

BRITISH COLUMBIA - VICTORIAWilliam B. MorrisonHon. John Douglas ReynoldsRon Cynewulf RobbinsHis Honour Gov. Bob Rogers

David R.L. RolfeAnthony ScammellHarold ShortMark R. StevenIan WardIan WhitelawHarry Wood(list incomplete)

Mra.H.T. SouthwoodPaul ThomaaLeone TrubklnClifford Whitehead

BRITISH COLUMBIADuncan/ A.A.M.StewartLandley/ George BrownMaple Ridge/ W.A. HeardNnnaiomo/

Stanley FreestoneN.Westmnstr/ Jos.Raphael

N.Westmnatr/ Arthur LienOcean Park/ Hugh A.M.CleePt. Coqultlam/Frank SmythSurrey/ Jes.T.B. QuayleWhite Rock/Leonard Taylor

(B.C. list incomplete)

Frdrktn/ Laurence WallGngetown/ John R. Moore

Mnrlene AllanDerek BrownO.K. CampbellW.W. Cherry

MANITOBAWinnipeg/ David T. Anderson

NSW BRUNSWICKMoncton/ Celwyn P. Ball Sackville/ Vaughn AlwardRivervlew/ Louis Ouigley St.John/ Tim Horgan

mnmoNDLAimSt.Johns/ James H. Steele

NOVA SCOTIAHalifax/ Leonard A. Kit:

ONTARIO - TORONTODavid Currie Frederick L.R.Jnckman Douglas McLeod

John G. Edison QC Mary C. Jackman Norman M.RogersRobert S. Gillan Margaret LnChapelle Michael WilsonBruce Head 1 HIT, Rrnest J. Llittle F.B.Watt

Agincourt/ J. PlimptonAjax/ Philip A. WynneBarrie/ Craig J.NeilBobcaygeon/

Christina FletcherBrampton/ Jos. FullanBrnntford/ Wm. SempieCambridge/ John H.PaullDon Mills/ Wm.N. Clark,

Judith MattlngleyEtobicoke/Colin WackettGoderich/ Carl AndersonGrimaby/ D. W.McClelluiGuelph/ M.C. Shonfield

ONTARIOIsllngton/P.A.H.CasselsKitchnr/H.G.R.LawrenceMarkham/ David llencherMississsuga/ B.R.Moore-

house II, John Ronson,Bernard F. Webber

Nepean/ Rolf R. MeierOttawa/ Yousuf Harsh,0CPeterborgh/John StewartPickerint/ H.J. VearPort Hope/ J.A. DureRenfrew/ Paul GaryRichmond Hill/ Don Me-

Vicar, Murray M.Milne

Scarborough/ S.H. Glssser,J.D.Peacock, Winston

. Churchill Coll. InstituteSt.Cathrins/Shenns PattersonStrathroy/David S. FergusonThornhill/ Garnet R. BarberUnionvllle/ Arthur WoottonUxbridge/ Ronald J. TindleyWillowdale/ G.W. Churton,

Nell Rarle, John Pidding-ton, George B. Temple

Woodstock/ Mary Alexander(Ontario liat incomplete,advise if omitted)

PRINCI BSWAID ISLANDKensington/ Archibald H. Johnstone

Beaconafield/ Bruce WilliaMontreal/ Alain Herbert

QUEBECSherbrook/ Pierre GagneWestmount/ Alex Bernstein, fonald I. Cohen

SASntTCHEWAN

Reglnn/ W. Alward, M.C. Shumiatcher

Editor'* not*: f/e are working from shortened mniling labels and apologist* inadvance for abbreviations, initials and inadvertent omissions of titles. Ifyour name does not appear on this list please notify the editor. -FML

CCH3.01(rev)

UNITED KINOUOM

AVONCombe Down/ Edmund MurrayNnilsey/ Sydney Bennett

BBUKSHIISMaidenhead/ Keith llntch

Thotchnn/ A. Million

•uciimHAMsmisChievoley/ The Hon. Celia S.Perkina Gt.Mlsaindcn/ Kathleen Hill, MBBat.Mlanlnden/ Sir Richard Hill, Bt, MRB Mar low/ John Evans

CAWBtDOlCorrelli Barnett

CtMRIABarrow-In-Furnees/

S. N. Sabharwal

CHESHIRE CORNWALLNantwich/ Jenn Pearson Budc/ H.M. Boettinger

DORSETSherborne/ Peter Coomba

Wimborne/ D.G.Andrews, Nancy Ward

•AIT SUSSEXBexhill/ Proresaor P.S. Gardner Heratmonceaux/ D.B.Pugh

Canvey 2s/ Bill Wood Loughton/ John B. Harvey Ramaden Hth/ C.A.SpencerHornchurch/ X. Friend Maldon/ Frank Rendell Rayleigh/ A.H. BenhamLoughton/ G.B.Forbes Southcnd/ Jane H.Qoaling

Woodford Green/ Donald L. Forbes, CBR.JP.FCA; Ralph Trenayne Prout, MBB

aUMOHOANPenarth/ L.H.Williaan Swansea/ Eric R. Jones

GLOUUBttTBHCheltenham/ Roy Faiers, Chepstow/ K.O. Tufft

Mrs J.R.Williama

Aldershot/ H.J. White,Fred Hambrook

Bnsingatoke/ Geo.Steib,Georfrey J. Wheeler

HAMPSHIREBedhmptn/ H.A.Redburn OBRHayling Is/ Wa.P.Kyrea,Wilfred t. Perkins

N.Baddesley/ D.F.Payne,FRNS

Stockbridge/ The LadyMargaret Colville

Vernham Dean/Peregrine S. Churchill

Bishops Storlford/ David Thos/aaHINffUMrtHiroN.Barnet/ John Frost Tring/ Robt A.Fincher

Beckonham/ Mrs M.J. KayBroadstairs/ R.B.BrennerBromley/ Mr/Mra K. JoyceDartford/ G.E. SkinnerKdenbridge/ B.A. RodwayFawhan/ WH. CharnleyGraveaend/ A. RidgeraOrpington/ C.C. Brown

OUTSevenoaka/ Mrs M. GreenShoreham/ David J. PorterSo.Darent/ B.W. BrazierTonbridge Wells/Peter Griffiths, FCA;Viscount De L'lsle.VG KG

Welling/ LCDR F.W.J.Strong

Blackburn/ Owen Terry

Ashby de la Zoucli/M.J. Lainchbury

The Lord AirlieJanes ArbuthnotJames BellMr/Mrs H.L. BellJonathan ChadwickCdr Winston G.ChurchillBarbara CooperR.A.C. Du Vivier, CBBMartin Gilbert, KAC. S. SoddenRichard Has 1am-Hopwood

gnrield/ Ronald A.SmithHarrow School

LANCASHIREBlackpool/ P.M. Walah

LKICKSTERSBIRIBLeicester/R.G.Qsmer,

Lt Col R.E.H. Ward, MC.TD

LIKOOLNSB1RBBourne/ T. Hollingshead

LONDONRichard HoughNeil Hughe.-OnslowMichael KellonDenis KellyGordon E.H. MaggsDavid B. MayouAnthony MontagueBrowne, CBR, DFC

Stta PalmerJohn PearsonHoward Pedraza

Westerham/Jean Broome;Winston S.Churchill,

M.P.;Orace Hamblin, OBB;Maj. Alan Taylor-SmithWeatgate/ Chris. DownsW.Wickham/ J.H.Walker

Burscough/ B.W. Savage

Narborough/Marian Spicer, MBE

C. R. PerioliD. PiggottAnthony RotaRichard 8. B. SawyerSidney L. ShiptonB. 0. SlatteryThe Lady Soamea, DBEJamea ThomaaMark WeberJohn WenzelJeffrey Young, JP

MIDDLESEXNortholt/ Valance A. Woodcock Wembley Park/Uxbridge/ P.H. Pond-Jones Ira H. Levy

mmuHPTomneiBroughton/ D. Bolsover Silverstone/ Gerald Lovell

Blceeter/ R.W.J. PriceBoars Hill/ P.ChurchillHenley/ Robt Hardy, CBRHinkaey HI11/a. CooperOxford/ J.A.Chalmers,VADM Sir Peter Gretton,KCB, DSO, OBR, DSC

Carrickfergua/ Jack Darrah

OXfORDSBiMBOxford/ Dr.K. Lumsden,The Dowager Countessof On.low, MBB;

Dame Felicity H. PeakeWantage/ Renry R. CrooksWatlington/ Sir JohnMartin, KCMG, CB, CVO

Woodatock/Arthur G. CorkMarcua R. Niner

Wood. tock-B 1 enhelm/Hia Grace The Dukeof Marlborough, DL,JP

Glasgow/ Dr. Cecil Tobia8COTLAHDArgyll/Strachur/ Sir Fitzroy Maclean, Bt

hldlow/ Mathew 0. Reea

OTAFWMIMUHIStafford/ A.T. Ooodyer

Bramley/ Michael Wybrow Limpsrield/ Hia HonourCidihna/ Jalmn II.dx Sola Judge Michael Cook(l..,li.l.liu(/ Allhur fllmiin ftniub-ral rail/ B.I.. DavlaKenley/ Mr/Mra J.L.Reed Thorpe/ Richard McGiath

Taunton/ L.J. Blackwell, Tony Ellard

SUFFOLKIpawich/ Brenda M.Lakey, Norman Rogara

Thames Dltton/fl.R.Cl.C. Tickler

Win I Inglinm/ L. L.TlHimnaWonrealerPk/Mi-Mrs A.Martin

UM1TID IINuDOM, cont'd.SUSSEX

Arumlel/ Thomna Cawte Brighton/ P.F. KinnaB.Grinatend/ D. A. Merritt , M. Wellealey-Wesley

TTRI AMD WEARS.Shields/ Jla Harria

WARWICKSHIRENuneaton/ Peter Mclver, Solihull/ Roy Thompson,R. W. Tebbett Dale Weber

WIST MIDLANDSCoventry/ P.H. Squire Haleaowen/ O.W. Lawley

WUTSBIRBWarminater/ The Marquees of Bath

Lendsl/ G.R. BurnRichmond/ J.B.Morris

YORKSHIRESheffield/ M.A. Olbba,Miss G. Reichl

Wakefield/George Rhodes

Address not received: Wing Commander D.S.G. Jackson

UNITED STATES

ALABAMABirmingham/ Eugene Rutlcdge, Ben fl. McDaniel, Frank C. Marshall, Alex V.Davies

Fairhope/ Craig Dahle

Anchorage/ Ja

Chandler/ Zoyd R.LuceGlendale/ Wm. E.Eubank

ALABIABendell, Michael Hagood, Stuart C. Hall

ARIZONAPhoenix/ Stephen W.Pogaon,R.C.Wilaon, Warren Sherk

Scottsdale/Wm. R. SchulzTucson/ Henry Mandelbaum

Batesville/ John Norman Harkey Little Rock/ Donald J. Kelly

CALIFORNIA (by postal coda)9000 Los Angeles/ Alphonzo Bell,Winston L. Farrar, Lovina Grunden,Ira E. Kaplan, Coleman W. Morton,Henry Sakato

90266 Manhattan Beach/ Allon J. Ouigley90402 Santa Monica/ Stanley M. Briggs9060- Whlttier/John T. McLaughlin, Curt J. Zoller

90731 San Pedro/ Jamea Benedict91011 Flintridge/ Allen P. Webb9110- Paaadena/ Dr.William L.

Ingram, Robert P. Haatinga91316 Rncino/ T. W. McGarry,John C. Woods

91320 Nrwbury Park/ Thomaa McClintock91326 Northridge/ Bruce I.. Bogstsd°.13fi2 Thousand Oaks/ Roleiie Dinsdale9IOT1 Woodland HI 11K/ Rugene I,. Larson91711 Clnrvmont/ Jnlm R. Butterworth,Hnrry V. Jaffa, Dougtaa A. Jeffrey,Daniel C. Palm

91786 Upland/ David T. Anderson91R01 Alhambra/ Frank A. Meyer92009 La Costa/ Jay A. Piper92037 La Jolla/ Robert Q. Sullivan92077 Spring Valley/ Joaeph R. Ott9210- San Diego/ A.H. MacPhail,Weat R. Kennerly

9226- Palm Springs/ J. Ray Corliss,Carol F. McCoy

92270 Rancho Mirage/ Derek Ashton92345 Hewaperia/ Joseph W. Kirachbaum92381 Sun City/ W. Glen Browne92632 Fullerton/ William M. FineS2646 Huntingdon Beach/ Robt T.Castrey92660 Newport Beach/ Jay Carlisle,Brooks Hoar, Thomaa H. NielaonClarence & Celia S. Turner

92662 Balboa Island/ Virginia D. Badham,Julia C. Woods

92668 Orange/ Sandra K. Samia

92670 Placentin/ David Freeman92680 Tu»tin/ Oloria Arrington92714 Irving/ Frank A. Beaz9310- Santa Barbara/ Mortimer Andron,Leo D. Flakloff, Jamea H. Hurley,J. Tim Terry

93940 Monterey/ Tom Dudley93944 Prealdio/ Timothy Rives94010 Hillsborough/ Mrs. Robert L.Hammett, Hubert I. Ziman

94026 Menlo Park/ R. Donaldaon-Clarke94040 Mt.View/ Michael J. Altenburger94063 Redwood City/ Noreen R. Will94070 San Carlos/ Michael C. Perkina941— San Franciaco/ Philip W. Harah,Victor B. Levit, Sen.Milton Marks,Matthew 8. Lo.:kary, Clnud I. Schmld

94507 Alnmo/ Kenneth Barker91523 I'leaannt. Hill/ John Mnrann94539 Fremont/ Carl M. Kalhorn94R46 Castro Valley/ Mnnard B. Pont,Michael J. Schneiders

94563 Orinda/ Ernest H. Ruehl94591 Valleso/ Roberta M. Lopez94598 Walnut Creek/ James 8. Ryan94920 Tiburon/ Marl 0. Barna94949 Larkspur/ Joseph Behn94960 San Anaelmo/ Merry Nesa95005 Ben Lomond/ Virgina E. Vogel95008 Campbell/ Steven A. Goodman96014 Cupertino/ Mary Lou M. Whalen95070 Ian 0. Beswich95240 Lodl/ Eloiae Hunnell,

Betty Newrield95405 Santa Roaa/ Albert A.Laferriere958— Sacramento/ Robert Bell,John T.Hay, Eleanor Dalton-NewfieldWilliam R. Saracino, George ShulakyTimothy A. Ziebell

95949 Grass Valley/ Myron M.McElwaine

COLORADOAurora/ Kenneth S.Coors Colo.Spga/ Dan GriawoldBoulder/ Roger Cichorz Denver/ James D. Arundel

Denver/ Walter R. FolttParker/ Robt W. Hatch II

CONNBCTICUT (by06074 S.Windsor/ Kevin F. Rcnnie06255 N.Groavenordale/ Richard Carretto06281 Woodstock/ Richard F. Potter06340 Qroton/ John McCaffery06355 Mystic/ William 0. Rockwood06378 Stonginton/ David C. Rika06410 Cheshire/ Albert J. Sherman06430 Fairfleld/ R.P. Fltzpatrick,

Harvey W. Oreisman06457 Mlddletown/ William Manchester06460 Milfort/ Van Hendrickson

postal cod*)06475 Old Saybrook/ William R. Davia06492 Walllngford/ Gordon S. Cohen06497 Stratford/ Jack Hughes06604 Brideport/ Violet Sclalla06759 lltchfield/ Aaa B. Hall06820 Dorian/ Christopher P. McClancy06877 Ridgefleld/ Howard B. Walzer06883 Weston/ Jeffrey Satinover06897 Wilton/ Sven Rrik Nielsen06902 Stamford/ John M. Maffatt

Amb.Sir Anthony AcklandWillis C. ArmstrongWard B. ChamberlinHon. Jim Courier, USHRHarry W. Crocker IIIRichard M. RdelmanKay Murphy Halle

D. C. - MnilMTODPamela C. llnrrimanCdr. Jacob L. JohnsonNorwood H. KeeneySteven J. LambakisBrenan R. NieraanHon. Sam Numt, USSChristopher Nyce

Judith PlunkettCharlea W. SnyderAndrew SullivanC. C. TharpHon. Caapar W. WeinbergerMichael WhiteGeorge F. Will

CCH3.02(rev)

DtLMMIKNewark/ Raymond A. Callahan

FLORDA (by postal coda)31018 Daytonn Beach/ Dcbra HcOulre32082 Pnte Vedra Bch/ Paul Z. Fletcher32201 Jackaonville/ Steven A. Werber32B05 Pensacola/ Darrell Hoi ley32748 Leesburg/ Margaret L. Lewis32807 Orlando/ William P. Johnson32937 Satellite Beach/ John C. Nelson33009 Hallandale/ Milton Schustermen33062 Fompano Beach/ Maria C. Bowers33124 Coral Gables/ Oeo. Colin Mello331— Miami/ Sidney Altneu, Hoy E.Black,

Donald B. Hathorn, Michael Ferae33140 Miami Beach/ Maureen Blum33317 Plantation/ Harold R. Smith

333— Ft. Lauderdnle/ John D. Blooai,Jamea B. Perry, Henry W. Ryan, Jr.

33328 Davie/ Christopher Adams3340- Palm Beach/ Herbert P. Benn,D.M. King, Bdwina Sandya

336— Tampa/ Drake B. Basaatt,B.L. Thurman, Robert R. Vawter, Jr.

33701 St. Petersburg/ Thomas Montalbo33809 Lakeland/ George H. Riddle3442- Saraaota/ Thomas Brooka,John F. Hawkridge

346— Clearwater/ Luis Ballina,M. M. Pique

34951 Ft. Pierce/ Holla Ross

GEORGIAAtlanta/ Mary Jane Brock, George R. Roawell/ Ian H. CampbellOreiff, David Handley, Thomas Hughes, Savannah/ Samuel A. CannAlfred M. Marahall Stone Mountain/ Russell T. Griffin

Marietta/ Robert D. Green Tucker/ Jeffrey B. Morriaon

HAWAIIMililani/ Cdr. Lawrence M. Xryske

ILLINOIS (postal coda ordsr)60015 Deerfleld/ Harry R. Clamor,Donald C. Johnaon, George Mitchell

60062 Northbrook/ Randye A. Kogan60067 Inverneaa/ F.W. Channer60076 Skokie/ Paul Kaplan601 IB DeKalb/ Larry Arnhart60191 Hooddale/ Anthony Cichanik6030- Oak Park/ David Druckman,Donald R.Markey, Michael J.Ralaton,Robert M. Tagler

60430 Homewood/ Les Hinick60466 Park Foreat/ Oscar Lundy60540 Naperville/ Jeffrey M. Boggan,Mark F. Griffith

61103 Rock ford/ Loren M. Smith61350 Bloomington/ Dennis Ludwig61821 Champaign/ Richard A. Baylor62221 Belleville/ Chria J. Krisinger62246 Greenville/ Tom Shea62301 Quincy/ Ray Louis Orban

Horace B. BarksDorothy M. BoydenJames T. Barry IIIPatricia Anne BartonJane CrowleyMark S. GrimsichFred J. Harris

ILLINOIS - CBICAOOHarry J. HartWilliam C. IvesPhilip J. LyonsKaren MeisterPatrick I.. MooreAmbassador Paul HeronRobinson, Jr.

Andrew M. RosenfieldAnthony M. RyersonJay SchmidtHerbert B. SollittGarrison A. SouthardGardner-H. Stern

INDIANADyer/ Maurice W.Nymeyer LaPorte/ Brvin Pritchett Liberty/ Judge JamesIndpls/Russell K.Oberholtzer Merrillvllle/Donald M.Short S. Shepard

la.City/ Douglas RussellOelwein/ Stephen McCarthy

Baldwin City/ Hal E.WertIola/ Clyde W. Toland

IOWASioux City/ E.J.VornbrockW.Branch/ George H. Nash

KANSASHutchinson/ Peter M.MacDonald, Tom Sherman

W.Des Moines/Dewey Vukovich

Manhatten/ Robin HighamTopeka/ Jay W. Watson

BowltigGrn/ Jas.C.BarnettDanvlle/ David B. WilaonHenderaon/ Rita Q. BryanLexington/ Robert A. Clay

Louiaville/James M. Caldwell,Jamea L. Hill,Paul B. Mullett

Prospect/ Chas. H.BuddekeShelbyvle/ Margaret CowanVilla Hills/ T.F.SullivanWilder/ Ronald Brennan

Baton Rouge/ DerekBrownleader, SiegfriedFriedmnnn, LowellHoover, O.J.Williams

LOUISIANAHarahan/ John B.Dunlap Jr New Orleans/ HBM ConsulLafayette/ Barbara OaterMetairie/ Toby W. LewlaNew Orleans/ HBM Consul

James J. ColemanLee H. Schleainger

Shreveport/ J.L. Frost

MAINECamden/ William B. Cannell Peaka Island/ Donald Wilder

Baltimore/ Wm.H. Gorman,Frederick Himes,Joseph R. Wenderoth

Betheada/Hon. Jack Kemp, USHRHon. Bob Packwood, USS

MARTLANDBrookvle/ Jerry O'ConorChevyChaae/ Jaa. U. De-Francis, R.B. Hartland

Rckvle/Barrie CillbertiSalisbury/Althea H. Whitney

Colmbia/Robt M. Sprinkle Silver Spring/Hanvr/ Merton Pritchett Max Lechter,Fotomnc/Herbert Goldberg David Marcue

MASSACHUSETTS01076 S.Hadley/ Jon Lovett Douat01201 Pittsfield/ Winaton O. Roulier01267 Williamstown/ Dorothy Reinke01342 Deerfield/ Alan Fraker01364 Orange/ Robert Leach01543 Rutland/ Douglas Marden01742 Concord/ Robert 0. Bowen,

G. Brie Jackson, Stanley B. Smith01776 Sudbury/ John P. Nixon Jr.01810 Andover/ Michael W. Morris01833 Georgetown/ Paul S. King01944 Manchester/ Eric Brickson01945 Marblehead/ Gary S. Bisenhower,Brie K. Smith

(poatal coda ordar)02061 Norwell/ Richard A. Leahy02067 Sharon/ Donald H. Carvin0210- Boston/ Lewis P. Cabot,Joshua J. Vernaglia

02138 Cambridge/ Graham T.Allison Jr02144 Somerville/ Harold Ancell02168 Waban/ Kenneth Dreyer02169 Quincy/ Richard Roberts02173 Lexington/ Gerald J. McCue02181 Wellesley Hills/ Howard L.Churchill, Dr Francis G Holfort

02192 Needham/ Victor C. Hood02324 Bridgewater/ Gustaf E. Newcomb02642 Basthnm/ Ian Altchison

MICHIGANAnnArbr/ Michael P.Malley Clsrkaton/ Thos.OoldnerMilton G. Mutchnick Detroit/ Gary J.Bonine

Birmngham/ Alec D. Rogera Grosse Pointe Park/Blooafield Hills/ Edward W. Fitzgerald

Daniel L. Treacy Dwayne W. LawrenceWilliam H. Winatanley

LinclnPk/ MaryJo PetersonMarquette/ Clair HollerupOkemos/ Douglas MarshRochster/ Betty Arscott,Suzanne A. Sittig

Trenton/ Calvin F.Voegtle

Bloomington/Holmes Bmpaon

Koason/ Matthew Tordoff

HimomoTAMaplewood/Sandra Dvoraky

Minneapolis/ Todd Ronnei

Minnetonka/ Dennla BurkeRochester/ Lloyd A. WellsSt.Paul/ Betty A. Gorham

MISSISSIPPIOcean Springa/ Curtis L. Newcombe Taylorsville/ Larry E. ClarkPass Christian/ William C. Kidd Vicksburg/ Bobby D. Robinson

Columbia/ A.J. NashFarmington/ Opal WrightFulton/ Jane Fllnk,Warren Hoi Iran,Russell Jones,John B. Marshall

MISSOURIIndependence/Michnel W. Manners

Kansas City/ T.C.BeckettLeesSummit/ C.V.AndersonMaryville/ RIM Kunkel

St.Louis/ Maria S.Becker,Byron C. Herbert, RuthWaldron Hill, Jim Niet-mann, Wm. R. Piper,F. Carl Schumacher

Mubcrly/ Dr.Will Fleming St.Peters/To* Gettemeyer

NEBRASKA Bellevue/ Tom Schafer Omaha/ Wallace H. Johnaon

NEVADA Las Vegas/ Harold Armstrong

Bedford/ Jon RichardsonContoocook/ Michael P.8.Harriet H. Langworth

07023 Fanwood/ Mary Beth Nleozwlecki07024 Fort Lee/ Gerald B. Lechter07039 Livingston/ James Lynch,Ronald I. Parker, Douglas G. Tarr

07052 W.Orange/ Betty Lechter07070 Rutherford/ Anthony Lancia07078 Short Hills/ Dominic F. Aaorosa07090 Westfield/ Barton F. Bischoff,George A. Lewis

07104 Newark/ Rev. Francis R. Seymour07110 Nutley/ Gilbert H. lies07023 Roselle/ Joseph T. Myaak Jr.07410 Fair Lawn/ Manfred Weidhorn07631 Englewood/ Richard A. Leech07876 Succaaunna/ Richard L. Valero07901 Summit/ Allen Dresdner

NEW HAMPSHIRIHanover/ Don Carmichael Hopkinton/ Frank WardleyHenniker/ Ian W.Morrison Nashua/ Michael PollittHopkinton/ R.M.Langworth Newbury/ Chas B. Sandeen

NSW JBKSET (postal cod* ordar)07920 Basking Ridge/ Charles Menagh07924 Bernardaville/ Paul Biba07940 Madison/ Russell J. Chriatensen,Victor Paul Harris

07945 Mendham/ Shirley J. Stake08033 Haddonfield/ Ralph D. Eastwick08034 Cherry Hill/ Harry Adey08501 Allentown/ Yvonne M. Henry08534 Pennington/ Russell H. Mullen08540 Princeton/ Peter Brennan08611 Trenton/ Michael MacNicoll08807 Bridgewater/ Richard C. Bvana08812 Dunellen/ William Benwell08901 New Brunswick/ Voorhees E.Dunn Jr08904 Highland Park/ Herman L.Breitkopf

Alnmogordo/ Courtney CrenshawKevin D. Smith

Albuquerque/ Larry Fricke

NIW MBIICOAlbuquerque/ Stephen GreggGallup/ Charles E. CurrentLaa Crucee/ John H. Reynolds

Raymond C. AlbanoBrie A. AndersonSolomon BogardArthur BraverBenjamin M. CardosoChnrles L. Carrick •Michael J. ClosePat S. ContiMichael V. DalyRobert Dudley

MM TORX CHI (* - APO NT)Ruth K. EmeryRoger FesenellaDoreen GoddardDavid F. Haylea *James H. HeinemanNorman Q. HickmanGlenn HorowitzNorman W. JenulisRobert KinmiMordecai J. Lechter

Alfred J. LurieArnold D. MansdorfRonald S. MelnykAngelina M. PainterF. Higginson PhilpLucy P. PoaikEdwin F. RussellBarry SingerPeter J. TraveraPeter J. Wynne

MM TDBK STATI (postal10536 Katonah/ Richard L. Flaher 1178710549 Mt. Kisco/ Bruce D. Kennedy 1194610594 Thornwood/ Bdward Veprovsky 1218810601 White Plains/ Tohy Helingmann 1287010708 Bronxvllle/ Paul L. Meaders, 13317William W. Moore 13346

11024 Klnga Point/ Don Baron 1407511030 Manhasset/ John J. McCartney 1417011545 Glen Head/ William T. Murray 1420911666 Mertrlck/ Ira L. Gerahenaon 1422111576 Roslyn/ Harold Schwinger 1422211577 Roslyn Hts/ Stephen M. Saravay 1446711581 Valley Stream/ M.W. Wellington 1451211704 W. Babylon/ Michael C.Sherwood 1458011772 Patchogue/ Edith M. Menegus 14624

cod. order)Smithtown/ Arthur KunzHampton Bays/ R.W. ChurchillWaterford/ Garry F. DouglasSchroon Lake/ Gregory N. BuilardCanohoharie/ Stephen A. BeckerHamilton/ Elizabeth A. WeedHamburg/ Barbara BrendesWest Falls/ Glen R. WeeksBuffalo/ Donald S. CarmichaelWilliamsvile/ Madhukar A.ShanbhagBuffalo/ Richard TobeHenrietta/ William B. BeattyNaples/ Robert E. OilmanWebster/ David MacOregorRochester/ William Farmborough

Chapel Hill/ Larry Gold-berg, Helen Palmatier,Robert L. Roazell

Charlotte/ Arthur Capper,Dr.George L. Gaunt,Eric Karnea, Delia R.Paterson, James A.Pope

WORTH CAROLINAConcord/ Roy B. NewaomDurham/ W. J. PeteraFayetteville/Mary L. Cunningham

Mebane/ Wm. Thos. LongRaleigh/ L.Lloyd Jabobs,Otis V. Jones Jr.

OHIO (postal cods ordar)

Roaman/ Wa.J. Cathey IIISunset Beach/George Williams

Winston-Sales/Stephen A. Mills,Dr. Jamea R. Scalea

43023 Granville/ Lawrence L.Clark Jr43324 Huntsville/ Janes R.Dinkel44022 Chagrin Falls/ William J.Truax44041 Geneva/ Dr Jessie M.Hutchinson44072 Novelty/ Jay Nenefee44089 Vermilion/ Gala Snmpliner41107 Lakewood/ Alyce L. Auat4411- Cleveland/ Bruce Akers,

Thomas A. Aldrich, Phillip Knaack,William McVey, Fred J. Rumplik

OKLAHOMAEdmond/ Wm. T. Dever Morris/ Barbara Kinzer Okemah/ Jonathan WallaceHailyvle/Mlchael Studebaker Muskogee/ Robin W.Adair Ok.City/ Kenneth J.Eylar

44130 MiddleburgHta/ J.Eric Heyworth44313 Akron/ Reese taylor44514 Poland/ William Cochran44820 Bucyrua/ J. K. Kurtz452— Cincinnati/ Michael A. Berk,Thos. Brinkman Jr..Monte Dale Witte

45365 Sidney/ Linn's Stamp News45805 Lima/ Sue M. Hefner45810 Ada/ Prof. Alfred B. Cohoe

Albany/ Stamp CollectorAshland/ Robin LawsonEugene/ Robert L. Brown

Eugene/ Robin SteussyL.Oswego/ Jeff Gudman,C. R. Snowden

McMlnnville/ June B.Tim

Portland/ Wm. D. SchaubTalent/ Lawrence MontelloVeneta/ Joe Cannon

CCH3.03(rev)

15065 Natrons Hta./ Norman R. Hnsh152— Pittsburgh/ Peter N. Flocos,Dr.I.W.Goldfarb, Mary 0. Reisler,Sfmuel B. Shapiro

15632 Export/ Kenneth R. fitch16507 Brie/ Forrest C. Mlschler16801 State College/ Am.Phil.Society17022 Elicabethtown/ Lily B. Grimm17105 Harrisburg/ Britlah Heritage17363 Stewartatwn/ Reginald B.Geaaill17368 Wrightsvle/ Ronald C. Kohr, Jr.17815 Bloomsburg/ Curtis H. Vickera18042 Enston/ Richard A. Rampulla18054 Green Lane/ John A. Utz18644 Wyoming/ George H. Trewern

pmno RICOMayaguez/ James B. McCandleaa

mmsTLVUlIA (postal cad* order)18704 Kingston/ Marc L. Holtzman19008 Broo.aH/ Phyllis Ruoff19038 Olenaide/ Craig De Bernardin19041 Haverford/ Thorns C. Deas, Jr.,Bdwin Rothmnn

19050 Lanadowne/ John F. Baesch19087 Radnor/ Daniel J. Lenehan19096 Wynewood/ Gilbert R. Pettibone191— Philadelphia/ Paul Blanchard,Robert DePue Brown, Marc R. Heas,James C. Humes, Michael J. Sheehan,Bernard Wojciechowski

19301 Paoli/ Jania Calvo19341 Bxton/ Richard H. Durham19342 Glen Mills/ Donald J. Kasper

RRO0I ISLANDPawtucket/ Benton H. Rosen

Columbia/ Ellene HaimondFt.Jackan/ Dave Lounsbury

SOOTH CAROLINAGreenvle/ David Plowden,

Dr. Marvin J. ShortHilton Head/ John SamelSpartanburg/ AMOS Workman

Pierre/ Pntricin Si

37064 Franklin/ William Da Priest,Ronnld S. Ligon

37115 Madison/ Dennia Johnson37133 Murfreeaboro/ J.D. Marshall372— Naahville/ Donald Bathrick Jr,Dudley C.Fort, Richard R.Knight,Oacar B.Hofstetter,Calvin R. Pastors (continued )

BOOTH DAKOTAide Sioux Falls/ Roas S. Fenn

(postal coda order)372-Nashville cont'd/ Carl Pastors,

Brian T. Sinclair-Whitely,Marion F. Thomaa, John B. Thoaiaon

37355 Manchester/ Walter D. Colwell37388 tullahoaa/ Roy B. Broster, Jr.37405 Chattanooga/ William H. Bowman37760 Jefferaon City/ Robert T. Wilson38344 Huntingdon/ Steve Williams

Henry R. Altick, OR,MRBarl J. Behnke, Jr.Ralph D. ChurchillHenry C. CokeCharles T. FrazlerJoaeph L. Goldatein

THAI - DALLASBarbara B. R. HegelMichael W. HuddlestonTex LezarG. C. McGillWilliam P. MurchisonJack W. Mynett

Barl L. NicholsonWilliam H. NicholsonElmer E. SmallingTim TimminaRichard P. townsend

TIKAS (post75062 Irving/ James H. Field75075 Piano/ Charlotte Kurilecz75104 Cedar Hill/ Beverly Grogan75115 DeSoto/ Emeat Gower75601 Longvlew/ William J. Frltts7601- Arlington/ Norma Burks,Bonnie J. Burson, Richard M. Flatt,Guy B. Garner, David T. Hill,Burvin Hines, Arthur C. lowing,David A. Sampson,Gregory C. Schadt, Randy Stevenson

76051 Grapevine/ Gordon M. Nettleton761- Fort Worth/ Richad D. Steed,Stephen P.Christie, Robert S.Travis

76255 Nocona/ Jack A. McGaughey

il coda order)76902 San Angelo/ William A. Buche,J. Willie Johnson

770— Houston/ Merrill 0. Culver,Thomas R. Kain, J. Leonard Irving,Doris B. Leifeste, William W. Walker,David W. Yeary

77375 Tomball/ Don W. Scott77546 Friendswood/ Brian Hardy77549 Missouri City/ Gerald M. Reed77710 Beaumont/ Robert C. Jeffrey78228 San Antonio/ Guy Rudea78403 Corpua Christi/ Bdwin A. Durham78501 McAllen/Ray Moore, C.Davia Rankin787— Austin/ J. Bruce Bennett,

D. R. Bustion

UTAHSalt Lake City/ Robert S. Campbell, Jr.

Falls/ Duane Whitehead White River Junction/ Douglas R. Symmes

Alexandria/ Wm.T. Spencer,Michael M. Stanio

Annandale/ Robt RosenblattArlington/ Marcla F. Rachy

Bellevue/ W.F.Robinson JrBothell/ R.G.Chamberlain,Bdwnrd L. Moore

VIROINIAArlngtn/ Wm. Thornberry Fairfax/ Hillel SamischBluemont/ Peter K. Monk Harriaonburg/Roger FordCrewe/ Larry Williamson Lexington/Adorn T.PantazeFairfax/ Stephen Kappea Vienna/ Geo.Griffenhagen

WASHIMROKKent/ Jeffrey P. DavisKirkland/Tommle Lou Cochrane

Kirkland/ Kirby WilburSeattle/ Alexis AlveyVancouver/ Carl F. Koch

MIST VIBGINIACharleston/ Marston Becker Spencer/ Fred H. HardmanParkersburg/ Robert Reilley Weirton/ J. T. Thosipson

Welch/ David H. Corcoran

Beloit/ Janet EaalandCedarburg/ Glenn F. JonasDeforest/ Alan J. HarveyB.Claire/Max P.Schoenfeld

WISCONSINMadison/ Lnmont C.ColucciMilwaukee/ Wm. P. StraubNew Berlin/ Don Arnston,John J. Merek

Silver Lake/Paul Konlcek

Wisconsin Rapids/Henry W. Bennett

WORLD— WIDE

BAHAMAS Blruthera,Hatchet Bay/ Russell W. Wiley;Nassau/ Michael Lloyd

COSTA RICA San Jose/ Marvin SoiaalnDENMARK Havdrup/ Rans Nydam BuchCopenhagen/ Per Cock-Clausen

DU.ANTILLRS St.Martin/ Chris CoombsFRANCE Epernay/ Christian Pol-RogerLyon/ Laurent BenchemounRoquebrune.Cap Martin/ Wendy Reves

GERMANY W.Berlin/ Michael SegalGREECE Athens/ Nicholas 0. XoutsosISRABL Menashe/ Hillel Schnapa;Rishon Le-Zion/ Shmuel Rotem

ITALY Cremona/ Luca Del Monte

JAMAICA Kingston/ H. Aubrey FraserNEW ZEALAND Auckland/ R.Barry Collins;Wadebridge/ The Rt. Hon.Sir John Marshall, GBB, CH, PC

SINGAPORE/ Leonard SebastianSOUTH AFRICA Cape Town/ P.V.Milla,

W.B. Symes; Crsighill/ J.R. Loudon;Houghton/ Dr. L. Stein;Port EHzsbeth/ Elisabeth Layton Nel;Rondebosch/ J. 0. Coull

SPAIN Malaga/ Ronald I. GoldingSWBDBN Oavle/ Sture Wennerberg;Varberg/ Per Starefors, Olof Svanberg

SWITZERLAND Zurich/ Dr.R.J.Schneebeli,Schewiz. Winaton Churchill Sliftung

CHURCH! LI. LITERARY FOUNDATION

Established by the International Churchill Society in 1985, the Foundationserves to nature continued access, by students, scholars and libraries, to allworka by and about Sir Winston Churchill. The Foundation has set five goals:

1. Encouraging republication of out-of-print books by Churchill. (By 1988,at least eight long-out-of-print works had been planned for reissue.)

2. Encouraging publication of crucial works about Churchill. (By 1988, theFoundation had raised the full cost of ten 1940-65 "Companion Volumea" of theOfficial Biography, previously unscheduled, with Martin Gilbert as editor.)

3. Creating a bequest department by which fine Churchill book collectionamay be channeled to needy libraries and universities per donors' Instructions.

4. An "electronic edition" of all Churchill written and spoken words, usingCD Rom technology, for instant indexing and referral. (Project now underway.)

5. Publishing important monographa, speeches and studies. (Three were pub-lished through 1987, two more are to follow during 1988.)

Contributions to the Churchill Literary Foundation are tax-deductible byCanadian and American citizens. For further information contnet the ExecutiveDirector, Churchill Literary Foundation, Box 385, Contoocook NH 03229 USA.

HONORARY MEMBERS

The Board of Directors of the Society awards honorary memberships to per-sons who have made a eignificant contribution to the life of Sir WinstonChurchill, to the study of his career, or to the Society. Twenty-two HonoraryMembers have been named aince 1968:

The Marqueaa of BathThe Baroneaa Clementine Spencer-Churchill of Chartwell*

Randolph S. Churchill, M.B.E.*Winaton S. Churchill, M.P.

Sir John Colvilie, C.B., C.V.O.tHurt in Gilbert, M.A.Grace Hamblin, O.B.S.Robert Hardy, C.B.F.

Governor the Honorable W. Averell Harriman*Jamea Calhoun Humea

Mnry Coyne JacJman, B.A., B.litt.S.Yousuf Karah, O. C.

The Duke of Marlborough, D.L., J.P.Sir John Martin, K.C.M.G., C.B., C.V.O.Anthony Montague Brotme, C.B.E., D.F.C.

The Sari Mountbatten of Burma, K.G., P.C., G.C.V.O., B.S.O.tOacar ftemon *

Dal ton Newfleld*The Rt. Hon. The Lord Soamea, O.C.M.O., O.C.V.O., C.H., C.B.E.*

The Lady Soomea, D.B.B,The Rt. Hon. The Barl of Stockton, O.M.*The Hon. Caspar W. Weinberger, K.B.E.

tdeceaaed

MATRONS OF THE SOCIETY

Since 1971 ICS haa named two Honorary Membera as Patrons of the Society.While never trying to define too closely this role, we send Board correspon-dence to and regular conault our Patron, on all aspects of Society policy;

The Rarl Mountbatten of Burma (1971-1979)The Lady Soamea (1986-date)

THE BLENHEIM AWARD

The Board of Directors have authorized the Blenheim Award aa a specialrecognition of those individuals who have notably contributed to the Inter-national Churchill Society, either by service aa an officer, director oreditor, or by dignifying Society meetings by their presence as guest speakera.The Blenheim Award conaiata of a gold plated Churchill commemorative coinmounted in a suitably inscribed black lucite plinthe. The recipients since theAward was implemented in 1982, in the order received, are:

The lady Soamea, B.B.S. (1983)Sir John Colvilie, C.B., C.V.O. (1983)

Richard M. langtmrth (1984)Martin I Suaie Gilbert (198S)

Winaton S. Churchill, M.P. (1985)Anthony Montague Brome, C.S.S., D.F.C. (1985)

The Hon. Caaper W. Weinberger (1985)William Manchester (1986)Robert Hardy, C.B.S. (1987)

THE EMERY REVES AWARD

Named in honor of the memory of Emery Reves—whose Cooperation PublishingCompany syndicated Sir Winston Churchill's srticles before the Second WorldWar, and waa responsible for publication of THE SECOND WORLD WAR and otherworks outside Britain after the war—the Revea Award was first presented atthe Dallas International Convention in 1987. Consisting of an Oacar Neuron"Alvastone" bust of Churchill mounted on a plinthe with a auitably engravedplaque, the Revea Award ia given periodically to authors who exhibit superiorwork in writing about Churchill's life and times, and/or applying SirWlnaton's thought to contemporary policy of the Bnglish-Speaking democracies.

The firat Emery Reves Award waa presented by Mrs. Wendy Russell Revespersonally at Dallas to the Honorsble James Courter, USHR, for his book,DBFBNDING DBMOCRACY.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEKTINC3S

Fulton, Mo., USA: Churchill Memorial * library, October 1982London, England: The Weatmoreland Rote], May 1983

Toronto, Ont., Canada: The King Jamea, November 1984Boaton, Maaa. USA: The Parker Houae, November 1985

Vancouver, BC, Canada: ffarbouraide Holiday Inn, October 1986Dallas, Tex., USA: The Adolphua, October 1987

Bretton Woods, NH, USA: The Mount Waahington, Auguat 1988London, England: Auguat 1989

CCH3.04(rev)

NAURUNORFOLK ISLAND

COCOS (KEELING^ISLANDS

P A P U A AND•lift '. J "ifi

We reprint the late Dal Newfield's piecefrom Finest Hour 22, partly because it is sointeresting, and partly to inspire philatelists toconstruct their own Churchill "stories instamps," and loan us the stamps and connectivewords for like articles in this space. "C-Rs" givea new dimension to a collection.

1 I' i.ikrl * :

Anzac Philately: Aussies, Kiwis, Newfoundlanders Remembered

THE Dardanelles campaign wasone of Churchill's persistent dead

cats; a scapegoat for the abortive navalattack and subsequent landings onGallipoli was needed, and Winstonfilled the bill handily.

Strategically, as Attlee would latercomment, it was perhaps the only im-aginary concept of the Great War —had Churchill the supreme authoritynecessary to follow-through, timid ad-mirals and generals could have beenforced to proceed, and to win. (At thetime the initial naval engagement withthe Dardanelles forts was broken off bythe British admiral, the Turks had onlya score of rounds left.)

Gallipoli was an especially sad storyfor the Anzacs (Australia and NewZealand Army Corps), who bore muchof the Empire's losses on Gallipoli, at-tacked against odds that might havebeen overcome. The difference betweenvictory and defeat lay in the ability of ayoung Turkish colonel namedMustapha Kernel to divine Sir IanHamilton's every move and, by sheermiracles of leadership, to move thedisorganized, dispirited and under-armed Turks into exactly the right spotto frustrate Hamilton's strategy andtactics. Kernel later became Ataturk("Father Turk"); he was destined to

BY DALTON NEWFIELD

lead his country into the 20th century.On the 50th anniversary of the An-

zac campaign a mini-omnibus stampissue centered around the statue,"Simpson and his Donkey," at theShrine of Remembrance in Melbourne.(Private John Simpson Kirkpatricksaved the lives of many woundedsoldiers.) These and other appropriateGallipoli commemoratives are shownhere. Australia's three-stamp issue wasaccompanied by one stamp each fromthe Australian area islands, Nauru,Norfolk, Cocos and Christmas, andthe then-colony of Papua and NewGuinea. Together, they make an at-tractive page of C-R (Churchill-Related) Stamps.

In 1919 Newfoundland issued a set incommemoration of her WW1 ac-tivities. Eight are labeled "Trail of theCaribou," and commemorate land bat-tles. The 1* value is subtitled "SuvlaBay," for the scene of a bloody series ofactions on Gallipoli. Four of the set arelabeled "Royal Naval Reserve" and thesubtitle on each is "Ubique," whichmeans "Everywhere." All four are C-Rs— not only because the RNR fought atthe Dardanelles, but because Churchillwas First Lord at the time.

Turkey (Scott 434, SG 762) shows a

17

soldier on guard beside a huge armor-piercing artillery shell of the type usedagainst naval forces, probably aGallipoli scene. Then, too, there is aTurkish soldier bidding his familyfarewell on Scott B46, SG 766. If youthink he is leaving for Gallipoli, youcan consider him a C-R also.

In 1936 New Zealand issued a two-value set showing a soldier at AnzacCove. This is Scott SP8-9, SG 591-92,and commemorates the 21st anniver-sary of the battle.

Reaching a bit further, some collec-tors might view as C-Rs New-foundland's stamps illustrating warmonuments (Scott 133, 143, 153, SG130, 161, 172). When looking these up,note that Scott 143, SG 161, showsPlacentia Bay. This was the scene ofWSC's Atlantic Charter meeting withRoosevelt; Churchill went ashore for abit of relaxation in a small boat, withhis bodyguard, Inspector W.H.Thompson — so this must be a "C-R."

Finally, returning to the "Trail of theCaribou" set, the 24* value is subtitled"Cambrai." As this is the site of thefirst great tank battle in history, andconsidering Churchill's role in thedevelopment of the tank, I would cer-tainly want this one in my C-R collec-tion. •

Paintings: Banff's BunkersAn Amusing Catalogue Correction

BY DEREK LUKIN JOHNSTON

Bow River from Banff, 1929, Coombs #89, 14x20"Lake Louise, 1929, Coombs #91, 14x20"

SOME ten years ago, on a visit toChartwell, I noticed in a corner

of the Studio two paintings by WinstonChurchill, both labelled "In theDolomites, c. 1926." Both were im-mediately recognisable to me as scenesin the Canadian Rockies. The firstreproduced here is of the Bow Riverseen from the Banff Springs Hotel: inthe background are three unmistakablepeaks, towards which the rivermeanders, with a golf course laid outalong its right bank. I knew the scenewell, as I had been to several conven-tions in the hotel and had played somevery bad golf there.

I determined to ask that thecatalogue be changed; but of course myunsupported word would not do, and Ihad to prove my case. This took timeand research, which included obtaininga coloured postcard of the same view,consulting Vol. V of Martin Gilbert'sbiography, and finding a chancenewspaper article stating flatly that,during his triumphal tour of Canada in1929, in company with his brother Jackand their sons Randolph and John,Churchill had indeed gone out on theterrace of the Banff Springs Hotel topaint the scene.

But I like to think that what reallyclinched the matter was when I said toGrace Hamblin, then Administrator ofChartwell, "Look, Miss Hamblin, SirWinston even painted in the bunkerson the golf course. I know thosebunkers — I've been in every one ofthem!"

The small printed catalogues in theStudio have been changed to read, cor-rectly, "Banff, Alberta, 1929" and"Lake Louise, Alberta, 1929" •

18

It Is Not Too Late To Register . . .Alistair Cooke, Gov. Sununu to Address Churchill Society20th Anniversary ICS Convention, Bretton Woods, NH, August 27-28thThere is Still Time to Register But Telephone Now: (603) 746-4433.

Alistair Cooke, best known in Britain as author of theBBC "Letter From America" and in North America as hostof PBS Television's "Masterpiece Theatre," is keynotespeaker at The Mount Washington at Bretton Woods onSaturday August 27th. The second of two black tie ban-quets, on Sunday, will be addressed by New HampshireGovernor John Sununu. The event is the ChurchillSociety's 20th Anniversary Convention, and the 25thAnniversary of Sir Winston's American citizenship.

At the writing (20 May), over 90 people have respondedto our mailings, which virtually "locks up" the events as asure think — but since only 50 rooms are being held for ICSat discount rates, The Mount Washington is filling up fast.If you have been holding off, or thought the deadline hadpassed, think again! But do ring us right away at (603)746-4433, weekdays 9AM-5PM for latest booking informationand assistance.

Because of the splendid location and resort nature of thisfamous hotel, we have purposely kept daytime conventionactivities to a minimum. The main one is a Sunday sym-posium, with papers delivered by distinguished academicson the state of Churchill Scholarship today: Dr. RaymondCallahan of the University of Delaware ("Churchill/RetreatFrom Empire"); Dr. Ted Wilson of Kansas State University("The First Summit/Roosevelt and Churchill at PlacentiaBay"), and Dr. Maxwell P. Schoenfeld of the University ofWisconsin ("The War Ministry of Winston S. Churchill").This panel is chaired by Prof. Hal Elliott Wert, Dean ofKansas City Art Institute, and will be open for floor com-ment and debate as papers are presented.

On display all weekend is the Donald S. Carmichael col-lection of inscribed Churchill first editions, commemorativebrass and china, and various possessions of and paintings bySir Winston (see also Finest Hour 52). Both formal banquetswill be preceded by receptions, and will terminate earlyenough to allow you ample time to meet our guests. Enter-tainment planned includes "Music of the Forties," a selec-

One of the world's Grand Hotels, theMount Washington offers special ICS discount rates.

tion of WSC's favorite songs, and national anthems follow-ing toasts to the President, the Queen, Canada, Australiaand New Zealand.

Prices are $109 per person per day (based on doubleoccupancy, $139 single) which includes full breakfasts anddinners (banquet dinners on the weekend), and which isoffered exclusively to ICS members for any days from 26August through 1 September. Registration: $55 per person,to cover our guest expenses and overheads.

Queen of the White Mountains, The Mount Washingtonoffers a 90-year tradition of elegance and service in amagnificent location, and a host of leisurely pursuits: golf,horseback riding, fishing, hiking, tennis, indoor and out-door pools, a full children's program.

This is the last call! Call today to be part of it. •

19

DALTON NEWFIELD

"An essay into the field of Churchillreading material that might be of more in-terest and use than reviews, this is a columnthat YOU can contribute to easily." Thuswrote the late Dalton Newfield, editor, inFINEST HOUR 31, from which thesenotes are reprinted. If you find them in-teresting, help us keep them going! Sendyour notes, comments and opinions ofbooks by and about Winston Churchill tothe editor.

Have you noticed that almost everybook collection which goes beyondChurchill himself has England UnderQueen Anne/Blenheim, by Trevelyn —but almost none have the companionRamillies and the Union With Scotland,equally Churchill-related? . . . De-lighted to find Famous AmericanBelles of the Nineteenth Century, V.T.Peacock, Lippincott, 1901, with achapter and picture of Jennie Jerome. Itis very nicely bound . . . Tom Thomasreports The Reminiscences of Lady Ran-dolph Churchill, Mrs. GeorgeCornwallis-West, was reprinted byCedric Chivers, 1973 . . . Centenary-year publications: Winston Churchill byElizabeth Longford, a pictorial biog-raphy with foreword by Eden, after-word by Winston S. Churchill, MP . . .Winston Churchill, Henry Pelling, 724pages including 79 pp of indices andnotes, is still generally regarded as thebest single-volume biography . . . Like-wise, Churchill/A Photographic Portrait,Martin Gilbert, with 364 pages ofphotos and cartoons, remains thebest overall photo-documentary . . .Winston S. Churchill/His CompleteSpeeches 1897-1963, edited by RobertRhodes James, 8 volumes (ChelseaHouse/Bowker) was said to be "ab-solutely complete" but wasn't — keypassages were edited including some ofthe most famous.

Delightful discovery: War Impressionsby the artist Mortimer Menpes, 1901,contains 99 watercolors of Boer Warscenes and portraits of British leadersand personalities, two pictures of WSC,plus several pages of text, and one ofSunny Marlborough . . . The GreatBoer War, Arthur Conan Doyle, 1900,has three WSC mentions including adescription of the Armoured Train In-cident. Doyle was an Army doctor and

Three years ago we predicted in these pages that values of American firstedition postwar speech books were destined to rise dramatically. They havesince appreciated by at least 400% — especially in fine, jacketed condition.Bear in mind the press runs: Sinews of Peace 3000 copies, Europe Unite 2500,In The Balance 2000 and Stemming The Tide only 1850. There were no laterimpressions. Going, going . . .

Menpes' book has a number of pageson him as a dedicated medico . . .Another unusual acquisition: TrueRemembrances, Philip Tilden, 1954.Tilden was Churchill's architect whenChartwell was rebuilt. No Churchillwhen it comes to writing (he wanders),but there are Chartwell insights thatdeserve shelf-space . . . Tom Thomasreports Battles of the Boer War, W.B.Pemberton, 1964, was republished 1974as a Pan Books "British Battle Series"paperback. Mention of WSC, of course. . . Also, TT recommends two booksof Fisherisms by Admiral Lord Fisherhimself, Memories and Records, Hodder&. Stoughton; WSC, of course, inthese too . . .

"Leatherbound" does not exactlydescribe my Lives of the 'Lustrious byStephen &. Lee, 1901, as it is coveredwith limp calfskin, no boards. A spoofof the great, it gives a pungent page to"CHURCHILL, WINSTON, Unknown Quan-tity". . . . How seldom we see Marl-borough with unfaded spines! I found itrecently in original dust jackets, spinesimmaculate, but it wasn't cheap . . .

[There followed some remarks aboutthe Woods Bibliography's currentavailability status. Like most of us, Mr.Newfield ran hot and cold on Woods]:It amazes that this work, which is by farthe best in its field, has received such

20

criticism. Perhaps the critics will seek toimprove it with their own? [Well, thecritics are still promising.]

After telling the bookseller I was onlyinterested in Churchill, he was sur-prised when I pounced on a copy of TheWar and Colonel Warden. [Reminds meof how another bookseller did adouble-take when I pounced on mycopy of Long Adventure — Ed.] . . .Possibly the most beautiful of Churchillbooks, Woods D(a)5 and D(a)8, pub-lished by Ransohoffs and printed bythe Grabhorn Press in San Francisco,were printed in limited editions of 250each; grab them when you see them. Itis a tragedy that Grabhorn used "self-end" papers, the result being thatalmost every copy has one of two bind-ing flaws front and back. Grabhornshould have known better — but theyare still most desirable . . . Can anyonefind a copy of Cawthorne's Mr.Speaker, Sir?. . . Was Ascalon/The Storyof Sir Winston Churchill's War-TimeFlights 1943-1945, Gerrard Tickell,H&.S, London, 1964, ever produced inhard cover? . . . And, if you collectmentions of Randolph Churchill andhis son, don't overlook The GreatSaharan Mouse-Hunt, Pomeroy and Col-lins, Hutchinson, London 1962; acomic bit on RSC and some views ofthe then-student WSC. •

EDITED BY BARBARA LANGWORTH

TEST your skill and knowledge! Virtuallyall questions can be answered in backissues of FINEST HOUR (but it's notreally cricket to check). Twenty-four ques-tions appear in each issue, the answers inthe following issue.

Questions fall into six categories, whichwill enable us to develop a deck of cards for"Trivial Pursuit" game boards: Contem-poraries (C), Literary (L), Miscellaneous(M), Personal (P), Statesmanship (S), andWar (W).

25. Who said, "There will be a tremen-dous literature about you. There will bemany, many volumes." To which WSCreplied, "I know. I wrote about 40myself." (C)

26. For which American newspapersyndicate did Churchill write? (L)

27. What was WSC's favorite film? (M)

28. Who shone for Churchill "like theEvening Star"? (P)

29. What was the subject of WSC'smaiden speech? (S)

30. What pseudonym did Churchilluse during World War II when hewished to keep his name out of theheadlines? (W)

31. Churchill and F.E. Smith foundedthe Other Club in 1911. What was itsprimary purpose? (C)

32. What book by the Americannovelist Winston Churchill is oftenconfused with a book by WSC? (L)

33. Where did WSC and Lady Chur-chill celebrate their Golden Anniver-sary? (M)

34. Who was the artist commissionedby Parliament to paint WSC's 80thBirthday portrait? (P)

35. What businessmen were used toundermine Churchill's campaignagainst Dominion status in India? (S)

36. Who told Churchill, "I will fight infront of Paris, I will fight in Paris, I willfight behind Paris"? (W)

37. What rumor did Brendan Brackenencourage? (C)

38. What is another title for M;y EarlyLife? (L)

39. What greeting did the Churchillsuse to each other instead of "hello"?(M)

40. What was Churchill's best subjectin school? (P)

41. What was (is) Tonypandy? (S)

42. "A bright [what?] has caught thehelmets of our soldiers . . . " (W)

WHO IS THIS MAN? Gaze intently at the

four central dots for

not less than 60

seconds, then stare

hard at any plain sur-

face for 30 seconds or

longer.L.L. THOMAS COLLECTION

43. Who was WSC's Best Man at hiswedding? (C)

44. Where and when did tAarlboroughmake its first appearance in print? (L)

45. Where and when did Churchillfirst take up the paintbrush? (M)

46. What was the name of the Reves'villa where WSC visited? (P)

47. When did WSC call the idea of warbetween Britain and Germany "non-sense"? (S)

48. What nation "suffered in everyrespect by her association with theWestern democracies"? (W)

ANSWERS TO LAST ISSUE'SQUESTIONS

1. F.E. Smith, later Lord Birkenhead.2. The World Crisis.3. Three: the first Sir Winston, father

of the 1st Duke of Marlborough;WSC; his grandson Winston S.Churchill, MP.

4. WSC was 57. (It was 1931).5. "A dark gulf."6. 1942.7. Frederick A. Lindemann, Oxford

professor of Physics.8. In 19329. Lady Churchill destroyed it.

10. Rob Roy.11. WSC was 32.12. In Carthage.13. Prime Minister Ramsay Mac-

Donald.14. Napoleon.15. "Fiel Pero Desdichado" (Faithful

But Unfortunate).16. Lead soldiers.17. Three: 1940 Coalition, May 1945

Caretaker Govt., 1951 Conserva-tive.

18. Coronel, off Chile, 1914.19. Bessie Braddock, MP.20. Savrola, published in magazine

serial form before his first book.21. Colombia, 194522. "Mad Dogs and Englishmen."23. "The Hughligans," after Lord Hugh

Cecil.24. "Much." D

21

Churchill in StampsBY RICHARD M. LANGWORTH

PAGES 91-96: IRELAND, DEFEAT AND CHARTWELLThe 1922-24 period represents the only interregnum in Chur-

chill's six-decade Parliamentary career, but it contained keyevents in his life, notably the acqusition of Chartwell — a subjectwhere actual Churchill commemoratives finally assertthemselves! Catalogue numbers are Scott (#) and Gibbons (sg).We also refer to Minkus. A slashmark (/) means a Churchill-related (C-R) set from which any stamp may be used.

91. We complete coverage of the Irish Treaty period with an Irishlabel showing Collins and Griffith — Irish patriots whom Chur-chill successfully brought into negotiation, yet who've never ap-peared on an Irish stamp. Illustrating the rebels is Ireland #120.Overprints from Ireland #1/7 declare "Saorstat Eireann" (IrishFree State), 1922. St. Vincent #389 (sg 403) shows WSC in1940, but the image is close enough.

92. More Churchill commemoratives are Grenada #571-72 (sg637-38); again it's an older Churchill, but as we move into the1920s the likeness becomes more and more appropriate. This isthe period of WSC's famous interchange with Bernard Shaw(Czechoslovakia #1584, sg 1785); his friendship with CharlieChaplin (Czechoslovakia #1588, sg 1789); and his regularpresence at Monte Carlo (Monaco #44/6, sg ?).

93. At last some Churchill commemoratives become useful. In1922 WSC bought Chartwell, shown here on Cook Islands #419(sg 508), Anguilla #198 (sg 186), Barbuda sg 204 (Minkus 201)and St. Christopher #291 (sg 308). The Anguilla issue is the bestillustration of ChartwelFs facade after its conversion from a vine-covered Victorian monstrosity by architect Philip Tilden. CookIslands shows a more private aspect, looking up from the area ofthe swimming pool.

94.1 could have introduced painting in 1915, since Churchill tookit up that year at Hoe Farm, but I held back because all WSCcommemoratives show an older Churchill at the easel. Amongthese are Gilbert & Ellice Islands #235 (sg 241), Haiti #603 (sg1113) and Dominica #409 (sg 438), although Dominica has himat Marrakesh, but never mind! Aden Kathiri sg 97 (Minkus 98) isa Churchill still life of Chartwell flowers. Great artists who in-fluenced Churchill's style include Cezanne (France #370, sg636), and Picasso (Czechoslovakia #1586, sg 1787). The Czechset, #1582-86 (sg 1783-89) is indispensible C-R material!

95. More painting-related Churchill commemoratives — thereare so many, in fact, that I took to quoting from Painting as aPastime to create enough pages to hold them all. These includeKhor Fakkan (Minkus 69), Grenada #279 (sg 294), Aitutaki #113(sg 139) and Brunei #192 (sg 202).

96. And on and on! Here Churchill the artist is portrayed by AdenKathiri #92 and #99 (sg 91 and 98), Upper Volta #350 (sg ?) andUmm al Qiwain sg 64 (Minkus 65). All this stuff is of the in-famous "sand dune" variety, wallpaper that never or rarely sawuse as postage, roundly despised by collectors. Still, these prettyfrauds make for an interesting page.

a continuing series

91

92

ASCENDANCY

CHURCHILL AND IRELAND

WSC had never been an Imperialist about Ireland, and as ColonialSecretary he spilled over constantly into other people's busi-ness, including Ireland. It was largely through Churchill thatthe compromises were worked out that established two Irelands:a Catholic South and a protestant Ulster. Churchill didn't likeit—but both aides were immovable. It was the best he could do.

WSC workedclosely withIrish FreeState leadersMichael Collinsand ArthurGriffith. Theysettled fora provisionalgovernment(1922 Britishstamp over-printed inGaelllc) andthis becamethe IrishFree State(new over-print in1923).

The Collins-Griffith"stamp" isonly a la-bel; Eirehas notissuedstamps forthese twopatriotswho settledfor inde-pendencewithin theCommonwealthinstead ofanarchy.

ASCENDANCY

"CHUKCHILL OUT!"

....the newspapers headlined (many of them with glee), when WSClost his "seat for life," Dundee, in 1922. He ran several timesand lost before winning Epping, later Woodford, which he wouldrepresent for over 40 years. Out of office he worked on his WW1memoirs, THE WORLD CRISIS, and spent holidays In the sun.

He gambledwith mixedsuccess atMonte Carlo,met and likedCharlie Chap-lin and spar-red with hisfriend GeorgeBernard Shaw.

Sending WSCtwo ticketsto a new playShaw wrote,"Come to thepremiere andbring afriend—ifyou have one.

WSC wroteback, "Can'tmake the pre-miere butwill come on'•A'.f secondnlKht—if"huire is one.

ASCENDANCY ASCENDANCY

93

CHARTWELL

The Churchills bought their commodius home, near Westerham,Kent, in 1922. Chartwell became the bustling work center forWSC when he was out of power in the Thirties. He wrote a numberof books, painted ceaselessly, built several brick walls, aswimming pool and part of two cottages on his grounds

A set ofviews ofChartwell

Strollingby one ofChartwell'ponds

95

"PAINTING AS A PASTIME"

...was the title of a two-part essay Churchill published inthe Strand magazine in 1921-22. Ten years later he restatedhis philosophy in a larger work, "Amid These Storms." Hisoriginal essay was later excerpted and published independentlywith photographs of several of his paintings. Eventually hewas given the title of Honorary Academician Extraordinaryby the Royal Academy, where he exhibited beginning in 1947.

Originally WSCexhibited atthe Academyunder the nameof Mr. Winter.When the secretwas out, hebegan using hisown name.

He was mostgenerous ingiving paintingsaway as giftsand disclaimeda professionalstatus.

It is believedthat thisprolificand good artistpainted 518pictures duringhis lifetime.

ASCENDANCY ASCENDANCY

THE JOY OF PAINTING

But most of all, Churchill painted. He had taken up the hobby in1915, after being forced from the Admiralty, and once interestedhe attached each canvas with his customary vigor. He had turnedout over 500 paintings before he died, most of them in oil, andfew portraits. "A tree," he said, "doesn't complain if I don'tdo it Justice."

ATTACKING THE CANVAS

"I write no word in disparagement of water colours, but thereis really nothing like oils. You have a medium at your disposalwhich offers real power, if you can only find out how to use it.You can correct mistakes more easily. One sweep of the paletteknife lifts the blood and tears of a morning from a canvas andenables a fresh start to be made..."

94

Churchill'sstyle wasc ompared tothat ofCezanne; noneother thanPablo Picassosaid he couldbe a greatartist if heapplied him-self to itfully. Butto WSC itremained onlya pastime.

Exhibiting inParis in 1920under the nameCharles Moren,WSC sold fourwatercolorsfor $200 each.He couldn'thave been badi

96Churchillpainted be-tween importantconferences,during lunch,whenever hecould find thetime. One longexception wasWorld War II,when he paintedonly one pic-ture, and thata gift for acolleague.

If his time ata site wouldbe limited hewould have aphotographtaken, sketchin the maindetails, andcomplete thework later inhis studio.

23

Francis Neilson: The First RevisionistStanley Smith Examines the Neilson Case

Against WSC and The Hinge of Fate.PART FOUR OF A SERIES

I N The Hinge of Fate, the fourth volume of his warmemoirs, Winston Churchill narrates the events of 1942,

the most terrible year of the war, and the most successful ef-forts following the victory of El Alamein. The first half ofthe book focuses on the powerful sweep of Japanese forcesthrough British and European possessions in the Far East.Rommel's counterattack in the North African desert, andthe political repercussions from the military disasters, arealso described. The second half of the book tells of the ham-mering out of a unified Allied strategy and the liberation ofNorth Africa.

In his review of the work, Francis Neilson, in now familiarstyle, claps hand to brow, wonders how the Alliance evermanaged to survive under such incompetent leadership, andputs the Allies on the same moral level with the Axis.

It is an unusual pleasure to see Neilson "give the devil hisdue" in his introductory section by complimenting Chur-chill on his enormous literary output, his personal courage,and his tenacity of purpose. Even in his first paragraph,however, he commits what may be called Neilson's Fun-damental Fallacy, because it recurs so often, He scoldsChurchill for not rendering a complete history of the perioddespite Churchill's description of his memoirs not ashistory, but as "a contribution to history." Many ofNeilson's criticisms throughout his series of reviews aremade irrelevant at best by this error, though naturally hedoes not hesitate to refer the reader to his own book to "fillin the yawning gaps."

Neilson's discussion of Churchill's moral dilemma on thequestions of Soviet occupation of the Baltic states contains anumber of pertinent truisms, but it goes too far in implyingthat Churchill cast aside moral inhibitions upon thedeclaration of war. The higher moral cause was that ofdefeating Nazi Germany, and when occasionally Churchill'swishes on that effort had to accommodate hard necessity,such as accommodation did not reflect on his moral sense.

Neilson's section of Pantelleria and North Africa smacksstrongly of the armchair strategist, enjoying 20/20 hind-sight. Had the capture — and continued control — of theisland been as simple and decisive as he intimates, it un-doubtedly would have been done. But circumstance, andthe deliberations of those in positions of responsibility,determined a different course of action.

From the standpoint of the time, igniting Allied resistancein the Balkans was strategically much more promising thantaking Pantelleria. Churchill had long been intrigued by thepossibility of reaching Nazi central Europe through theBalkans. Things often go wrong in war, and the Greek andBalkan campaigns went wrong in the face of overwhelming

force. The subsequent weakening of Mediterranean forceswas the price of the gamble.

Churchill and Neilson agree that Churchill should havebeen better informed, by one means or another, on the stateof the military defenses at Singapore. Neilson lays much ofthe blame on Churchill's supposed attempts to controlevery aspect of the fighting. While it is well known that theBritish have traditionally kept their commanders on a muchshorter leash than have the Americans, an inspection of themessages exchanged during the crisis of Singapore showsthat any claim that Churchill tried to control every detail isfalse. It is incidentally amusing to see Neilson the correspon-dent reciting war maxims to a man of Churchill's experience.

The attack on Pearl Harbor did indeed complicate Im-perial relations, particularly with Australia. Curtin wasthen personally and politically distasteful to Churchill,which did not ease official relations. The correspondencebetween the two reprinted in the book shows excellent ex-amples of cold fury in language that is sometimesdiplomatic, often blunt.

In an extreme and ridiculous section, Neilson labels as"aggression" the liberation of North Africa and denies anydistinction between the Nazi conquest of central Europeand the breaking of the Nazi grip in the French possessions.Few would deny that Vichy France was essentially a puppetstate under Hitler, and yet Neilson takes the contrary forgranted, not even condescending to argue the point.

It hardly seems consistent, morever, to find Neilson in thevery next section calling Allied dealings with Darlan"disgraceful." Apparently, as far as Neilson was concerned,to use force in possessions of Vichy France was a crime, butto act in cooperation with Vichy leaders, even to save manylives, was no better. The Allies, in his eyes, were damned ifthey did and damned if they didn't.

In his final section, Neilson is wholly erroneous in declar-ing that "[t]he country was certainly not with [Churchill]"on the basis of some by-election results. He fails to make theenormously important distinction that most voters in 1945made between Churchill the war leader and the Conser-vative Party. The Conservative Party was seen by many asthe party of Munich and a failed past. Churchill, the manand leader, commanded wide support and remained enor-mously popular.

Neilson's unhappiness at the dangers of the postwarworld, as expressed in his concluding paragraphs, can beshared by many of us, and was shared by Churchill. Thepassage of more than 30 years without a general war sincethe review was written may, however, allow us moregrounds for hope than either of them felt. •

24

Postcards, Cachets on Wartime ThemesSome Examples From the Collection of L.L. Thomas, Surrey, UK

H &PATH*OF*D UTY-- ISvTH K-WAY

ABOVE: Churchill and Sir Edward Grey, aWW1 postcard in colour, printed inEngland, not posted, ABOVE RIGHT Peaslake,Surrey, with WSC insert and speech quota-tion, published by Photochrom, Londonand Tunbridge Wells "by permission of thePrime Minister." RIGHT: An all-purpose,elaborate Naval card by Bells of Westcliff,Essex, with space for the ship's name andengagements to be filled in; this examplesent to a sailor's mother at Falmouth, Corn-wall, franked by a l/2d George V definitivewith wavy line postmark, stamped PASSED BYCENSOR on 20 September 1916. BELOW:Brown and white "Big Three" drawing,copyright R. Aboulafia, Jerusalem; the verseis from Ecclesiastes IV: 12. On reverse, a 3mils Palestine stamp (Rachel's Tomb)postmarked Tel Aviv, 11 April 1945. Themodels for the busts were by M. Gur-Arieh.The "V" was, by that date, near fulfillment.

H.M.S. MARYBOROUGH.

The Battle ofJ U T L A N D ,

CTlay 31, 1916.

BELOW: Marshal of the RAF, Sir Arthur T. Harris, Bt. GCB, OBE,AFC, LLD died on 6 February 1984. Known as "Bomber," he wasC-in-C of Bomber Command from February 1942 and instigatedthe 1000-bomber raid, but was much criticised for it later.

RIGHT: "Bomber" Harris' signature on the RAF cover marking the30th Anniversary of VJ-Day. Illustrated are aircraft which havebeen in service with 101 Squadron since 12 July 1917. The 8pChurchill Centenary stamp franks this interesting cover.

Flown from RAF. Wadding ton IrMfrtftfrifi So^tlo corftpming Bombing and w^v$(j3tion 4E w*y^ 3* fStow Uvot ever Ww Uatttd Kingdom and Hank Sea.

Tots! Flight Tims: 3 hrs 40 mine.C»pt»iti^ Fit. It R. M. AapiJisS Co-Pilot; Fg. Off, A.N; a^dt.« « . fUdw; FM, U F. J, £. Ctitctiiey Nav. Hoftet: Fit. U J. E. Cfark

Ak StctrofiJc* Oftrew: Sqn. Idf. B. R. Dtsts

100-75-50-25 YEARS AGOEDITED BY JOHN G. PLUMPTON

SPRING 1888 • AGE 13Lord and Lady Randolph returned to

England from a tour of Russia. Hisloyalty to the Tory Party was fragileand he was still greatly feared bySalisbury, Balfour and the Queen.

On 25 April Lord Randolph's opposi-tion to his own party came into theopen. When Balfour spoke in favour ofa Private Member's Bill to extend LocalGovernment in Ireland, Churchill wasstrongly critical of him. He thought hehad the support of Joseph Chamberlainto oppose the Government but Cham-berlain found the criticisms a little toosharp. Lord Randolph deeply resentedwhat he considered a betrayal by hisfriend. When they made up,Chamberlain suggested that Lord Ran-dolph must overcome his habit of mak-ing things so difficult for his friends.

In the main, Churchill remainedsilent in the House but it was apparentthat he was becoming increasinglydisillusioned with politics. When hewas greeted by a supporter in St.James's Park with the wish that hehoped to see him again in the Cabinet,Lord Randolph replied: "I sincerelyhope that you will not."

Lord Salisbury remarked that amongChurchill's other problems, "hispecuniary position is very bad." Thisassessment certainly did not inhibityoung Winston Churchill from makingfrequent requests for money from hisparents. On April 17 he entered Har-row School as a member of H.O.D.Davidson's House. Within a week of ar-riving he wrote his mother for moremoney. "Most boys say they usuallybring back £3 and write for more. . . .Please send the money as soon as possi-ble you promised me I should not bedifferent to others."

Harrow at this time was in its goldenage. Still in the country, it wasseparated from London by green fields.On a clear day they could even seeWindsor.

Winston was having difficulty resolv-ing what surname he would live with.He wrote his father: "I am called, andwritten Spencer Churchill here andsorted under the S's. I never writemyself Spencer Churchill but alwaysWinston S. Churchill. Is it your wish

that I should be so called? It is too lateto alter it this term but next term I mayassume my Proper name."

Winston's son later told the storythat when visitors to Harrow lookedfor the child of the famous Lord Ran-dolph Churchill at "Bill," the Harrowroll-call, they were heard to remark,"Why, he's the last of all," as he filed byin alphabetical order.

We do not have many comments byWinston Churchill on religion but inan essay on 'Palestine in the Time ofJohn the Baptist' he made the followingassessment of the Pharisees: "Theirfaults were many. Whose faults are few?For let him with all the advantages ofChristianity avouch that they are morewicked than himself, he commits thesame crime of which he is just denounc-ing them."

SPRING 1913 • AGE 38On 13 March the First Lord

presented his naval estimates of £48millions to the House of Commons.Concerns over Britain's ability to com-pete with Germany overcame the reser-vations expressed by Lloyd Georgeabout the country's ability to afford it.In fact, other views, expressed by LordCharles Beresford, argued that thenavy was still understaffed and ill-prepared. However, the Daily Tele-graph stated that "the Navy has neverin its long history had a more per-suasive spokesman in Parliament thanthe present Minister."

In April Churchill was involved inwhat came to be known as the MarconiScandal. His colleague, Lloyd George,was accused of improperly trading inshares of the Marconi Company.Churchill vociferously defended hisfriend. When the editor of the Finan-cial News testified that Churchillhimself had profited by trading, the ac-cused exploded. He charged thatanyone who stated anything otherthan his innocence "was a liar and aslanderer." Not only was he believed tobe innocent by the public but hisfriends were impressed by his self-defence. One wrote: "It is in affairs likethese that breeding asserts itself."

In May the Churchills set out on a

26

Mediterranean cruise on Enchantress.They were accompanied by the As-quiths and their daughter, EddieMarsh and Winston's mother. At thetime, Jennie was unhappily divorcingher husband, George Cornwallis-West,who had deserted her. They touredVenice in a gondola, visited Dubrov-nick and went fishing in Vallona Bayon the Albanian coast. At a picnic lun-cheon Winston kept quoting Gray'sOde to Spring. "At ease reclined in arustic state. . . ." At Athens they sawthe Parthenon. Churchill, distressed atthe sight of the collapsed columns,wanted to bring in a group of navalblue-jackets to set them upright. InSicily Prime Minister Asquith, havingreviewed his Thucydides for the occa-sion, entertained the party with an ac-count of the Sicilian Expedition.

The British press followed theirjourney with much interest. Punchpublished a cartoon showing the FirstLord and Prime Minister relaxing onthe deck of Enchantress. The PrimeMinister is scanning a newspaper asChurchill asks him: "Any HomeNews?" To which Asquith replies:"How can there be with you here?"

PUNCH 21tl Miy 191)

At Malta the First Lord disembarked,visited the naval station and rejoinedthe party at Palermo. On visiting Cor-sica, Eddie Marsh and Churchill calledac ' Napoleon's house and stoodtogether "for a full moment in silentcogitation."

Violet Asquith, the Prime Minister'sdaughter, remembered particularly theevening card-games. Eddie Marsh was aserious bridge player who was oftenbemused by Churchill's unconven-tional play. "I can still hear Eddie's cryof pain" she has recorded, "whenWinston, having led up to and sacri-ficed his partner's king, declared,"Nothing is here for tears. The kingcannot fall unworthily if he falls to thesword of the ace" — a dictum which leftEddie's tears over his fallen king un-dried."

Anothing amusing story from thevoyage involved Clementine. On pay-ing a visit to the galley to talk to thecook, she found a large and, to herbeautiful, turtle. When it became ob-vious that it was destined for soup sheobtained a dinghy and a party of menand returned the intended victim tothe Mediterranean. Despite his love ofculinary pleasures, Winston approved.

SPRING 1938 • AGE 63In March Churchill was informed by

the Evening Standard that his contractto write a series of articles for them onforeign affairs was being terminatedbecause his views were not in agree-ment with those of the newspaper'sproprietor, Lord Beaverbrook. Hequickly reached agreement with theDaily Telegraph, although its owner,Lord Camrose, insisted on a six-monthtrial because "our policies might well beat serious variance." These articles wereinterspersed with others in the News ofthe World. Millions of readers werereading his views every week as theywere syndicated throughout Europeand the Empire.

He reached fewer, but more influen-tial, audiences in his public speeches.He believed that a national defencecampaign was necessary and was doinghis utmost to contribute his share to it.His goal was to unite England on theissue. "Our party must carry the TradeUnions with them. Non-Conformists,Churchmen and Catholics must workfor the common end." His son Ran-dolph published a collection of hisspeeches on defense under the title

Arms and the Covenant in England andWhile England Slept in the UnitedStates (Woods A44).

Distressed by pro-German and anti-French propaganda in Britain, he flewto France to advocate an Anglo-Frenchalliance. When he was received withfull honours by the French, theCabinet let it be known that he spokeonly for himself and not the Govern-ment. He believed that "if France brokethen everything would break, and theNazi domination of Europe, and poten-tially of a large part of the world, wouldseem to be inevitable." In April, LeonBlum's Government fell and EdouardDaladier became Premier. "A capableand sincere man," said Churchill.

When an agreement was signed byBritain and Italy which recognizedItalian control over Ethiopia, Churchillcalled it "a complete triumph forMussolini." The Government alsonegotiated an agreement with Irelandto end British naval rights at severalIrish ports. Churchill saw this asanother example of appeasement. Heequated it to a withdrawal fromGibraltar or Malta but his criticismsfurther alienated him from the Conser-vative Party.

In May he met with Conrad Henlein,the leader of the Sudeten Germans,who Churchill called "the best treatedminority in Europe." He approved of aHenlein plan for a federal system inCzechoslovakia but informed Henleinthat "if Germany attacked Czecho-slovakia, France and then Englandwould come to the latter's assistance."

When Lord Swinton resigned asSecretary of State for Air it was as-sumed by many that Churchill wouldjoin the Cabinet. But Chamberlain wasstill not inclined to offer a position tohis principal critic. For his part, Chur-chill professed to be reluctant to comeaboard. "The present majority will re-main dumb to the end," he said.

SPRING 1963 • AGE 88In April the American Congress and

President John F. Kennedy awarded SirWinston Churchill an honourarycitizenship of the United States ofAmerica. The story of this honour willbe told in the next issue of Finest Hour.

In May it was announced that SirWinston would not contest the nextelection. And so would end one of thetruly remarkable parliamentary careersin the history of the free world. In some

ways that announcement could beviewed as Churchill's real retirement,because he was, as Lord Beaverbrookhas written, "in every sense a profes-sional politician, having trained himselffor his vocation." Robert Rhodes Jameshas noted that Churchill was born intopolitics, and it was his devotion to hisfather that shaped his early political in-terests, attitudes and ambitions andpropelled his early political career.

He had entered the House of Com-mons as Conservative Member forOldham at the end of 1900 when hewas just 26. This early period wasdevoted to finishing his father's battles.In 1904 he had crossed the floor to theLiberals over the issue of Tariff Reform.Two years later he was elected as aLiberal Member for North-West Man-chester. In 1908 he had to stand for re-election to Parliament because of hisappointment to the Cabinet as Presi-dent of the Board of Trade. He wasdefeated by his Conservative oppo-nent, but within a month he found anew constituency in Dundee, Scotland.

In 1922 Churchill was defeated atDundee and out of the House of Com-mons. The Liberal Party was in disar-ray. Attempts to return in WestLeicester as an Independent in 1923and in the Abbey Division ofWestminster as a Constitutionalist in1924 were narrow failures. Late in1924 he was elected in Epping, nearLondon, and subsequently rejoined theConservatives.

In 1945 Labour refused to continuethe wartime coalition and a generalelection ensued while Churchill was atPotsdam. Churchill's constituency hadchanged from a country seat to apopulous borough and its name waschanged to Woodford. Despite thebreakdown of the alliance, as a mark ofrespect Opposition parties declined tostand an official candidate against thePrime Minister in his own constituency.

But by the 1960s great diplomacywas required to convince Sir Winstonthat it was time to relinquish theseat. Even Lady Churchill, who sooften took on impossible tasks in deal-ing with him, could not bring herself tomeet this challenge alone. In the end, acoalition of Lady Churchill, son-in-law-Christopher Soames, and a very tactfulConstituency Chairman, Mrs. DorisMoss, achieved the inevitable,although Sir Winston would attend theHouse of Commons several more timesuntil his final visit on 28 July 1964. •

27

WENDY REVES ONFOREIGN EDITIONS

As a Trustee of the Churchill LiteraryFoundation (in which I feel a great honorand thank all of you!) I have been studyingcarefully all of the Society's past literature,including the Churchill Handbook, specifi-cally Section 4 Part 1, the "Checklist ofForeign Language Editions." I went im-mediately to my library to see if I could be ofhelp with some of the questions. I have a fewanswers regarding foreign editions of TheSecond World War, arranged by my hus-band, the late Emery Reves.

SPANISH EDITIONS: There were two, the firstin October 1954 by Los Libros de NuestroTiempo (Barcelona), in gold-beige linenboards with titles gilt. The second was oneof the loveliest Churchill sets, in fine beigeleather with dark blue, dark red and golddecor and gilt lettering. This was publishedin 1965 by Plaza y Janess A. Editores,Barcelona.

What is interesting is that Jose Janess wasdirector of Los Libros when they publishedthe 1954 edition.

Each of these works was in six volumes; Ihave a set of the first, and four complete setsof the second, here at La Pausa. The DallasMuseum of Art has at least one set of each,and sets are also in storage in Switzerland.

A Spanish-language edition was publishedin Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1955 byPeuser. It is a linen type in blue with a blackrectangle and the author's signature in gilt.They seem to have published one volumeat a time in 1948/49/50/52/53/55. It is ahodgepodge set, with covers and contentsvarying in color. I am not certain that I havea complete set. Emery was greatly disap-pointed in every way by his dealings withthem, and they never paid for the rights, as Iremember. There was even a lawsuit whichEmery, being a foreigner, did not win —altogether a total mess! I need more time toresearch this subject in Emery's files.

swiss EDITIONS: Emery did not negotiatewith a German publisher for the Germanrights. You will recall his persecution by theGermans; secondly, they were not in-terested in "Churchill Memoirs" at thatperiod. With Alfred Scherz of Bern (not"Zurich" as stated in the Handbook) andMunich publishing the work, there was noneed for a German publisher.

The German language editions were forthe German-speaking Swiss, and for thosein Germany who were interested. Your ques-tion was whether Scherz's volumes shouldbe considered Swiss or German. Correctly,they are Swiss Editions in the Germanlanguage. (For the minority of Swiss who

spoke French, there was the Plon (Paris)issue.

I hope I've helped. I've learned a lotmyself. The library is packed with so manyeditions — they were a part of my life, but Ihad not studied them. Now, the Society'sbibliographic efforts have created an avidresearcher in me!

- WENDY REVES, CAP MARTIN, FRANCE

I can report that a complete set of six Argenti-nian Editions does reside in the library atChartwell, though this is a very uncommonSpanish-language issue. Chartwell also holdsboth Barcelona sets, and a set of Swiss Editionsby Scherz.

As editor of the Handbook, it was I who rais-ed the question of whether Scherz should be con-sidered a Swiss Edition, and 1 am glad to havethis input from Mrs. Reves. Now, if only I canfind a set of the lovely Spanish leather editionfor my library, 1 will have to add yet anothershelf. . . RML

PRISSY PROFESSOR?Professor J.K. Galbraith ("The Compan-

ion Volumes: An Appreciation," FH 57)states, "this extraordinary writing existsbecause Churchill's career antedates the useof the telephone." Could too much use ofthe telephone be the reason why Galbraith'swriting is so bad — and so out of place in amagazine devoted to the memory of amaster of English?

Galbraith's writing is affected. When heprissily says, "the senior Churchill," I thinkof Lord Randolph. What are we to make of"he showed up in Cambridge," when"visited" is adequate? His sentences are sowordy they become tortuous, and set thereader a wearisome task of unravelling to getthe drift — and drift it is. I do not refer tothe differences between American andBritish usage, but to his failure to use correctsyntax and grammar.

Re-read his first paragraph, if you can bearit: "Certainly anyone of the requisiteliteracy" means (I think) "a literateperson." Later he writes, "he asked me tolook at that part of his connective tissuehaving to do with economics." Forsooth!

Throughout Sir Winston's long career,the Old and New World instantlyunderstood what he had to say, and wereenchanted by the way he said it. Shouldnot, therefore, a university professor be ableto write with simplicity and clarity?

I need say no more than quote SirWinston's aphorism when encounteringjargon — "Up with this I will not put" —and beg you not to inflict John KennethGalbraith upon us again!

- NORMAN H. ROGERS, IPSWICH, SUFFOLK, UK

28

PRESENT FOR THE CURTAINI am pleased to join the Society, since I

was present at the Iron Curtain speech inFulton, Missouri on 5th March 1946. I'mafraid I went A.W.O.L. from high school toattend!

- THEODORE C. BECKETT, KANSAS CITY, MO, USA

JAMIE THE POOHI thought you might be interested in the

enclosed newspaper report of ICS honorarymember James Humes, who I saw perform-ing as WSC here recently. He went non-stopfor 75 minutes and I could have listened farlonger. I introduced myself as an ICSmember. "Ah yes," he said — and then pro-ceeded to speak of Winnie the Pooh beingnamed after WSC! I think you all do a superjob with Finest Hour. The "Churchill inStamps" series indicates a depth ofknowledge and organization not evident inmany collections. Keep up the good work.

- ERVIN R. PRITCHETT, LA PORTE, IND., USA

CHURCHILL'S LONDONJust a quick note to say that the ICS

booklet "Churchill's London," by MartinGilbert, is splendid. It is hard to believe thegood fortune of Wendy Reves' gift. I believeit is in a way personal recompense to you forall the effort you've put forth over the years.

- DONALD S. CARMICHAEL, BUFFALO, NY, USA

The editor blushes, but not for long. Toparaphrase an apt quote, it is the Churchillcommunity around the world that has the lion'sheart; I have the luck to be called upon to givethe roar.

FAIRLY WELL STOCKED . . .After 18 months in Florida, I am now go-

ing through my final six months training inthe high desert of southeast Idaho. When Ifirst arrived I strolled over to Idaho StateUniversity Library, and was pleased todiscover a complete set of all officialbiography and companion volumes pub-lished to date, plus a full set of the RhodesJames Complete Speeches.

- DAVID FREEMAN, USN, POCATELLO, ID, USA

. . . AND STOCKING UPI was pleased to obtain a full set of the six-

volume Scribners postwar World Crisis,along with Dalton Newfield's fine facsimileeditions of Mr. Brodrick's Army and For FreeTrade. Having read The Second World War(it took a year but was worth it) and My Ear-ly Life, I've been anxious to get Churchill'saccount of World War I. Reading it will takeawhile, as I am swamped in the study of

political theory, my major in my doctoralprogram at Georgetown. But the GreatMan's words cannot be resisted. I am nowlooking for a good reading edition ofMarlborough, either in the two- or six-volume version (or was it four)?

- BRENAN R. NIERMAN, WASHINGTON, DC

It was tuio (postwar Harrap), six (Scribnerpre- and postwar) and four volumes (prewarHarrap), depending on the date and publisher.Can anyone help Mr. "Nierman with a readingset? His address: 204a Kirby Hall, Trinity Col-lege, Washington, DC 20017 USA.

THE CALLAHAN PAPERSBeing English-born, I read Professor

Callahan's two-part paper, "Churchill andthe Erosion of British Power" (FH 56/57)with a great deal of sympathy. If he has writ-ten anything more I would like to read it.[Try his book, Churchill /Retreat From Em-pire; Wilmington, DE: Scholarly ResourcesInc., 1984 — Ed.] There was, I recall, a greatdeal of sympathy in the mid-Thirties for theGermans.

Britain between 1926-37 was very confus-ed. Many of our respected thinkers wereperceived to be admirers of Hitler: EdwardVIII and Mountbatten among the Royals,with aides Charles Lambe and Peter Mur-phy. Samuel Hoare, Michael Foot, MeganLloyd George, Halifax and Bevan admiredthe turn-around in Germany, if not theunderlying philosophy.

The loss of two kings, unemployment andlabour unrest were somewhat assuaged bysuch patriotic events as Campbell breakingthe world land speed record and Tom Skip-worth trying for the America's Cup. HenryCotton, Fred Perry, Amy Johnson andBrenda Fisher kept the Union Flag flying.But, as during the war, our military brainswere for the most part time-serving secondraters. Callahan did not have to cite this soliberally; Liddell Hart would have beenenough. Churchill was awake, but even hehad his blind-side. One wonders if he, in-deed any of us, realised the sun was settingon the British Empire.

As the wise men say, if there is one thingwe learn from history it is that we do notlearn from history. Our current crop ofAmerican presidential candidates suggeststhat we are witness to the replay of theRoman and British Empires — except thatthey lasted longer. We have produced apolitical process, it seems to me, that istailor-made for second-raters. And they arenot what we want in the White House.

- DENNIS JOHNSON, MADISON, TENN. USA

RECENTLY RECEIVEDThe unidentified gentleman in the picture

on page 23 of issue 57 is the late G.C. Riv-ington, then chairman of the HarrowSchool Governors.

- RICHARD HASLAM-HOPWOOD, LONDON

Thank you so much for the beautifultribute you wrote about Christopher inFinest Hour No. 57.

As I see there is going to be a further arti-cle in No. 58, may I just say that there is oneerror in the last paragraph but one whichmust have been the result of a misunder-standing when we spoke on the telephone.Christopher's ashes have not been placed inmy father's grave, but close by with mysisters and where I too one day will be. Thisis just for accuracy's sake.

I loved the photograph of Grace Hamblinand Robert Hardy on the cover.

- THE LADY SOAMES, DBE, LONDON

Just a short note to say thank you for theset of The Second World War that you sent toAirlift Operations School Library. I expectto have them processed and on the shelf bynext week. This really has helped us fill agap in our collection. We certainly ap-preciate your donation. I feel sure we willput these books to good use.

- DIANA BURNSIDE, LIBRARIAN

- CHRIS KRISINGER (ICS), EDITOR

SCOTT AIR FORCE BASE, ILL., USA

We wish to thank you for the donation ofAmid These Storms. We will be placing abookplate in it that will read, "Gift of theInternational Churchill Society." Thankyou also for Finest Hour. We will put it in theMagazine Room and await any patron com-ment. Thank you again.

- HIGHLAND PARK, ILL. PUBLIC LIBRARY

I am shocked to see on page 14 of issue no.58 remarks attributed to me in reply to aquestion on writing a book about my yearswith Sir Winston.

Although I cannot recall this particularoccasion, I am indeed asked this questionfrom time to time. My answer has alwaysbeen that I never had any such intention. Inthis particular instance I may have addedthat Sir Winston had been known to say(not to me, but to another member of hisStaff), "You are not writing, are you?" Can-didly the paragraph which disturbs me isridiculous, as everyone in the "Inner Circle"will know full well. My friends certainlyknow that I would never invent it.

I am sure you will find room in your nextissue to print this letter and so put therecord straight.

- GRACE HAMBLIN, OBE, WESTERHAM, KENT

Thank you for your recent letter and copyof The Dream. I appreciate your thought-fulness and am confident that this book willbe a helpful resource to me. It is an honor tohave such a fine book and I look forward toreading it.

Best wishes for a successful Bretton Woodsconvention. I hope my schedule will permitme to join you at a future meeting.

- HON. SAM NUNN, U.S.S., WASHINGTON, DC

29

Thanks to very generous assistance fromMr. Winston S. Churchill, MP, Lt. Grod-zinski in Canada and I are marking strongprogress at a full and accurate compilationof all Sir Winston's orders and decorationsfor publication in Finest Hour. [We aredelighted! - Ed.]

- DOUGLAS RUSSELL, IOWA CITY, IA, USA

BRITISH COMMONWEALTHOverleaf

UNITED STATESAL: BIRMINGHAM/Ben McDanielAR: BATESVILLE/John HarkeyAZ: GLENDALE/Wm. EubankCA: ALAMO/Kenntah Barker; BALBOA

IS/Virginia Badham; SAN DIEGO/West Ken-nedy; SANTA ROSA/Albeit LaFerriere

DC: WASHTN/Judith PlunkettFL: LEESBURG/Margaret Lewis; PTE.

VEDRA BCH/Paul FletcherIA: SIOUX CITY/E.J. VornbrockIL: CHICAGO/Dorothy Boyden, Harry Hart,

Karen Meister, Jay Schmidt, M/M H. Sollitt;OAK PK/Michael Ralston, Robt. Tagler;ROCKFORD/Loren Smith

IN: DYER/Maurice Nymeyer; MER-RILL VILLE/Donald Short

KS: TOPEKA/Jay WatsonKY: LOUISVILLE/Jas. HillLA: HARAHAN/J. Dunlap, Jr.; LAFA-

YETTE/Barbara OsterMD: BROOKVLE/Jerry O'Conor;

ROCKVLE/Dr. Barrie CilibertiMI: ANN ARBR/Michael Malley; BIRM-

NGHM/Alec Rogers; TRENTON/Calvin Voeg-tle

NH: HOPKINTON/Frank WardleyNJ: ENGLWD/Richard Leech; LIV-

INGSTN/Jas. Lynch; PRINCETN/Peter Bren-nan; WESTFLD/Barton Boschoff

NM: LAS CRUCES/John ReynoldsNY: APO/Dave Lounsbury; FPO/David

Hayes; MT. KISCO/Bruce Kennedy;NYC/Michael Daly, Norman Hickman, PhilipHigginson

OK: HAILEYVILLE/Michael StudebakerOR: MC MINNVILLE/June Timmn;

PORTLND/William SchaudPA: GREEN LA/John Utz; LANSDOWNE/-

John Baesch; WRIGHTSVLE/Ronald Kohr Jr.TN: JFSN CITY/Robt. Wilson; NASH-

VLE/Dudley Fort, Oscar Hofstetter, RonaldLigon, F.T. Marion, Jr., Calvin Pastors, BrianSinclair-Whitely, John Thomison

TX: ARLINGTON/Norma Burks; CEDARSPGS/Wm. Nicholson; DALLAS/Henry Coke;HOUSTON/Thos. Kain, Doris Leifeste, IrvingLeonard; PLANO/Charlotte Kurilecz; SANANGELO/J.W. Johnson

VA: CREWE/J. Larry Williamson

WORLDWIDECOSTA RICA: CODIGO/Marvin SossinFRANCE: LYON/Laurent Benhemoun; RO-

QUEBRUNE/Wendy R. Reves

NEW MEMBERS, continuedAUSTRALIA

W.A.: LYNWOOD/Ray PerryCANADA

BC: NANAIMO/Stanley Freestone; NEWWESTMINSTER/Joseph Raphael; N. VAN-COUVER/Lesl ie A. Strike; VAN-COUVER/Barry Kirkham, W.C. Koerner, SaulKohn, Lionel S. Such, Stan Szary, VancouverPublic Library, C.S. White, Bryan E. Yirush;VICTORIA/Edw. Bowden-Green, LeoneTrubkin; W.VANCOUVER/John Goodger

ON: BRANTFORD/Wm. Sempie; GUELPH/M.C. Shonfield; MARKHAM/David Hencher;THORNHILL/Garnet Barber; TORONTO/Marlene Allan, G.E. Campbell; UNION-VILLE/Arthur Wootton; WILLOWDALE/G.W. Churton, John Piddington; WOOD-STOCK/Mary Alexander

NB: GAGETOWN/Dr. John MooreNEWFNDLND: ST. JOHN/Tim Horgan, Jas.

H. SteeleQUEBEC: WESTMOUNT/Alex Bernstein

WANTEDUrgently wanted to complete my collection of

ICS commemorative covers: issue no. 2, the "Actof Union" cover, dated London, 18 September1970. Details to A.H. Benham, 4 Walpole Walk,Rayleigh, Essex SS6 8HY, England

AVAILABLENew list of hundreds of books by and about

Churchill. Includes pre-1940 titles and a goodselection of Woods, B,C,D items. Send SAE(UK) or dollar bill for airmail catalogue. MarkWeber, 35 Elvaston Place, London, SW7,England

Write for our latest catalogue of works by andabout Sir Winston: books "by" and "about,"autographia, paintings, records priced from onedollar up. Churchillbooks, Burrage Road, Con-toocook, NH 03229 USA

"The Hour of Decision" Churchill plateautographed by Sarah Churchill, originally soldfor $150; we have two and would like to sellthem for $75 each. Dorothy Collins Cramp,29919 Valle Olvera, Temecula CA 92390 USA.

BPO stamp-subject postal cards: 10 different in-cluding Churchill 5 l/2p issue. Wish to sell to afellow Anglophile who will appreciate them.Edith Ellexson, 404 23rd St, Apt 1, RichmondCA 94804 USA.

Official Biography: Biographic Volumes I-V,Companion Volumes I-IV, 15 volumes in all.Please contact A.B. Palk, Wellesley House, 63aVansittart Road, Windsor, Berks. UK

Churchill stamps for sale or swap. Write forlist. Peter Jenkins, 8 Regnans Ave., EndeavourHills, Victoria, Australia 3802.

Classified adverts are free to members, but subjectto editing for space. Please send yours to the editor.Copy deadlines: Summer 2 wks, Autumn 1 Sef>,Winter 1 Dec, Spring 1 Mar.

ACCIDENTSQ. I've heard it said, "Churchill had as manylives as a cat — and he needed them." Howmany near-misses did he have?

A. He needed more than nine lives. He fellout of a tree (1893), nearly drowned in LakeLausanne (1893), fell off a camel (1921), felloff a polo pony (1922), fell into a lake whilegoose hunting (1928); when he fell from ahorse he claimed £2 a week for six weeksfrom a London newspaper under its free in-surance scheme. He had car accidents inWhitehall, Cairo and Kent (althoughwhether he, one of the world's worstdrivers, was behind the wheel at theseevents we don't know).

In 1931 he was knocked down by a NewYork taxicab. In 1919 he was passenger in aplane which landed in a ditch after takingoff near Paris. In Flanders, 1916, a 4.2 shelllanded in his room. He had five attacks ofpneumonia, suffered from gastroenteritis,appendicitis (1922), tonsilitis (1928),paratyphoid (1932) and irritations of the skin,eyes and lungs. However, he never sufferedfrom nicotine or alcohol poisoning.

(Answered with the help of John Frost'sHistorical Newspaper collection, and a cut-ting from Leader magazine, 2 April 1949.)

WSC & THE REFORM CLUBQ. At our dinner for Robert Hardy at theReform Club last September (FH 57), someonementioned that Churchill had been a member ofthe Reform Club, but resigned on a matter ofprinciple. What was it?

A. We asked member Norman Rogers ofSuffolk to follow this up; he consultedSimon Blundell, Club librarian, who refersus to a privately printed book, The ReformClub 1836-1978, by George Woodbridge.Here is the story . . .

On 18 December 1912 Baron Maurice Ar-nold de Forest, Liberal MP for West HamNorth, was entered in the Candidates'Book, proposed by Churchill and secondedby Eugene Wason, a member who activelypromoted the admission of MPs. (Wasonhad seconded Churchill's own nomination.)De Forest came up for election 23 Januaryand was blackballed.

Although legend has it that members andseconders are obliged to resign if theirnominees are blackballed, this is untrue andwas never routine procedure. Thus it was asurprise that both Churchill and LloydGeorge resigned over de Forest's rejection.(The Baron was quite a rake, and also theadopted son of Austrian Jewish bankerBaron Hirsch. According to RandolphChurchill's official biography, Volume II,when discussing the creation of peers to passthe Parliament Act in 1911, George V toldAsquith the only one he would never acceptwas de Forest.)

Because of their close friendship with deForest, both Churchill and Lloyd Georgethought it necessary to resign from theReform Club. Churchill, writes authorWoodbridge, "never returned to the Cluband eventually left the Liberal Party [but]Lloyd George did return in 1917."

COLLECTED WORKS & ESSAYS OF SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL

A very limited supply remains available, bound H | H H H ! I B ! ! ^ ^ H H [ H ^ H H I H ^ I ito the highest standard: gilt page edges, page ^ ^ H (markers, marbled endpapers, thick headbands, ^ ^ ^ H lrounded spines, 500-year archival paper, Chur- ^ ^ H tchill arms gilt on covers. A masterpiece of the ^ ^ H fbookbinder's art. ^ ^ ^ H

COLLECTED WORKS: All 50 Churchill ^ H lbooks in 34 volumes (see article, FH 57); limited ^ | B L . 'to only 2000 copies worldwide. Available in ^ H | ] |original full vellum with dark green slipcases, or ^H Ilower-priced full red morocco in red slipcases. 100 ^R IIlbs, 4 1/2' long, 19,000 pages. (Red morocco not •} Itavailable in UK.) ^ H g 8

COLLECTED ESSAYS: The only compila- H f ' S 'tion of 350 Churchill articles and forewords in B B L J L .volume form, comprising four volumes and 1,830 • • " » • "pages: "Churchill on War/Politics/People/At K "It •Large." Centenary Limited Edition: full vellum K-' K'.'S 'with dark green slipcase; Centenary Edition in V F Jquarter dark blue morocco. K M '•";

Please write for details to Churchillbooks, Bur- ft •• ;*•'rage Rd, Contoocook NH 03229 USA, telephone | | | '

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30

ICS/GREAT BRITAINORGANISED AS A U.K.

AUTONOMOUS CHARITY•

SOCIETY CONVENTIONSET FOR LONDON,

AUGUST 1989BY RICHARD G.G. HASLAM-HOPWOOD

Advert (mock-up) running in the "Winnie" play programme

Honour the memory ofSir Winston Churchillin an immediate, positive andpractical way - become a sponsoror a 'Friend' of the ICS

The International Churchill Society - now an autonomous UK charity - wasfounded in 1968 Its aim is the preservation of the memory of this many sided genius- this ' Great Man of the Century' - and of the priceless legacy he bequeathed to theworld. Part of this legacy was his indomitable ability to think POSITIVE inthe face of all adversity.

The ICS is now seeking corporate or individual sponsorship for the following"POSITIVE THINKING" projects for schools

THE YOUNG WINSTON ORATORY AWARDTHE YOUNG WINSTON ART COMPETITIONTHE YOUNG WINSTON LITERARY COMPETITION

The International Churchill Society also invites you to honour Sir Winston'smemory, in a practical and positive way, by becoming a 'FRIEND' of the ICS. As anew 'FRIEND' you will receive a complimentary copy of Martin Gilbert's'Churchill's London' and thereafter a quarterly copy of the Society's journal. 'TheFinest Hour'.

Give generous support to theInternational Churchill SocietyAll enquiries for sponsorship and enrolment as a JneiuT to:Richard Haslam-Hopwood (OH), Flat 1,20Pembndge Crescent, London WU 3DS(Telephone 01 229 4918)

rRTTSTFFS np ir i / tnc- Ladv Soames, the Duke of Marlborough, Lord Charles Spencer-ChurchUl the Hon Nicholas Soames MP, the Hon Celia Sandys-Perkins, Geoffrey Wheeler Esq,Colin Spencer Esq, Richard Haslam-Hopwood Esq

31

THE strength of the International Chur-chill Society in the UK has always beenthe number of its members who havehad, some time or other, close personalcontact with Sir Winston. However,over the years, we have always lostmore of these members than we havegained and the Society was fast becom-ing a fan club with no real purpose. Itwas decided that a change of directionwas required, with a sense of Chur-chillian purpose, following the stan-dards set in his lifetime by Sir Winston.The best way to achieve this was by ap-plying for UK charitable status, with aclear definition of our mission.

This charitable status has now beenapproved. The founding Trustees areThe Lady Soames, The Duke ofMarlborough, Lord Charles Spencer-Churchill, The Hon. Celia SandysPerkins, The Hon. Nicholas SoamesMP, and the ICS/UK directors, Geof-frey J. Wheeler, Colin A. Spencer, andthis writer.

The purpose of the Charity is toeducate the young, namely those ofschool age, in that major Churchilliancharacteristic, "Positive Thinking."This is to be achieved by the creation of"Young Winston Awards" in Oratory,Art and Literature, and sponsors arenow being actively sought.

Under UK Charitable Law, any UKCharity must be totally autonomous.Therefore, all Trustees, UK citizensand funds must be used for the benefitof UK citizens. To preserve its relation-ship with the "umbrella organisation"of ICS, and those charitable entitiesregistered in the United States andCanada, we have become an associateof these organisations — a member ofthe "commonwealth" of ICS Charitiesthroughout the world.

We believe that this is the start of anew era in the fortunes of the Interna-tional Churchill Society in the UK —and it is hoped that we will be in fullflow by the 25th Anniversary of Chur-chill's death in 1990, when it is plannedthat we will be going national, with theYoung Winston Awards. Thus we will,to some extent, be emulating the con-tributions made by other ICS Branchesaround the world, perpetually to com-memorate the memory of the greatestman in the history of the English-Speaking Peoples.

To help kick-off our efforts, the ICSBoard of Directors have scheduled the1989 Churchill Society Convention forLondon in mid-August.

"FairDinkum"Facts

The continent of Australia is:

• the only nation that is a continent• the smallest continent• the flattest• the driest (except for Antarctica).

Which explains why:

• less than 10 percent of the land is arable• the largest lake, Eyre (3,600 square miles), isusually bone-dry• where a bar will do for a billabong, Australiansare the greatest consumers of alcohol in theEnglish-speaking world.

Roughly the size of the coterminous United Statesat 2,966,368 square miles, Australia is also amongthe world's least densely populated countries,averaging only five people per square mile. Thus:

• there are ten times as many jumbucks as people• in the arid outback, where it takes 40 acres tograze a single sheep, are the world's largest stations,including Anna Creek cattle station in SouthAustralia, at 12,000 square miles• Australia leads the world in the export of beef andveal —624,000 tons in 1987 —and is second, afterNew Zealand, in mutton and lamb—293,000 tons• wool production is 30 percent of the world'sentire output.

Australia is flat, the highest peak, Kosciusko, beingonly 7,310 feet—but its Great Barrier Reef is theworld's longest at 1,250 miles, more than half as longas its longest river system, the Murray-Darling(2,300 miles).

Elsewhere are rocks, not just any rocks, but:

• the oldest known fragments of the earth's crust,from the Jack Hills, at 4.3 billion years• 28 percent of the free world's uranium, alongwith coal reserves that match Saudi Arabia's oil inpotential energy• formations that supply nearly 90 percent ofAustralia's oil needs• almost all the world's opals.

Small wonder that 80 percent of Australia's 16million people (including 200,000 Aborigines)live in cities, mainly along the fertile coast between

Brisbane and Adelaide. Sydney is the continent's"downtown" with 3,365,000 inhabitants, followedby competitor Melbourne with 2,833,000 andBrisbane with 1,150,000. Perth weighs in at995,000, Adelaide at 978,000, and Canberra, theplanned capital city, at 270,000.

In statistical terms, Australians have it betterthan most:

• per capita income, at $11,200 U. S., is one of theworld's highest• life expectancy, 76 years, is one of the world'slongest• literacy is virtually 100 percent• workers earn from four to six weeks of vacationannually• some 70 percent own their homes• voting is compulsory• which may or may not explain why Australiansspend twice as much on gambling as on nationaldefense.

Aussie blokes have dinkum reasons for thinkingtheir land is bonzer, so shout them a drink, mate,and wish them a happy anniversary.

HOW TO SPEAK STRINE

billabong—water holebilly—container for boiling teabloke— manbonzer— great, terrificbush—country away from the citychook — chickendingo—Australian wild dogdinkum, fair dinkum—honest, genuinedinki-di—the real thingfossick — to prospect for gold or gemsgrazier—rancherjwnbuck — sheepmake a good fist—do a good jobocker—basic down-to-earth Aussieoutback—remote bush «,,'pom — English personshout—buy a round of drinksstation—sheep or cattle ranchStrine—what Aussies speakswag—bedroll and belongingstucker— foodute—utility or pickup truckwaltz matilda—carry a swag

National Geographic, February 1988