oceanography chemical mar 510
TRANSCRIPT
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary productionseawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS/IMAGES/SEAWIFS_GALLERY.html
Primary Production in the Ocean
A global composite of sea surfacechlorophyll concentration
HighHigh--nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)
Oligotrophic gyre (LNLC)Oligotrophic gyre (LNLC) CoastalCoastalUpwellingUpwelling
SeasonalSeasonalPhytoplanktonPhytoplanktonbloomsblooms
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Examples of the larger phytoplankton Coccolithophori
d Dinoflagellate
Diatom Diato
m
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Atmosphere
Aphotic Zone
Euphotic zone
CO2
Biological Pump
CO2
CO2
OrganicMatter
Particle sinking, downward transport of DOM
OM decomposition
O2
Phytoplankton(no change in ALK
net decrease in pCO2)
Incident Light
O2
ZooplanktonBacteriaN, P, Si, trace metals
N, P, Si, trace metals
Vertical mixing, advection
O2
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Law of the Minimum - Liebig's Law
Justus von Liebig, generally credited as the "father of the fertilizer industry", formulated the law of the minimum: if one crop nutrient is missing or deficient, plant growth will be poor, even if the other elements are abundant.Liebig likens the potential of a crop to a barrel with staves of unequal length. The capacity of this barrel is limited by the length of the shortest stave (in this case, phosphorus) and can only be increased by lengthening that stave. When that stave is lengthened, another one becomes the limiting factor.
For Phytoplankton
1)Light2)Macronutrients (N, P)3)Micronutrients (Fe, Zn)
1803-1873
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Iz = I0 x e-kz
Behavior of Light in the Sea
1)Exponential decrease in intensity with depth (z)
2) Preferential absorption in the ‘red-end’ of the spectrum
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Low light adapted
High light adapted
High light adapted
Low light adapted
P = Pmax x I/(I+kI)
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Net growth = dp - dr
At the compensation depth (Dc)Net growth = 0, dp = drFor an individual phytoplankton cellThe critcal depth(Dcr) is defined such tha
When the mixed layer depth (mld) < Dcr, a phyto plankton bloom can occurdp >
z=mld
z=0∫ dr
z=mld
z=0∫
dp =z=Dcr
z=0∫ dr
z=Dcr
z=0∫
Sverdrup (1952)
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Onset of nutrientlimitation
Onset of lightlimitation
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary productionseawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS/IMAGES/SEAWIFS_GALLERY.html
Major Coastal Upwelling Zones
A global composite of sea surfacechlorophyll concentration
CoastalUpwelling
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Herbland &Le Bouteiller(1981)J. Plank. Res.
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Direction reversedin southern hemisphere
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary productionseawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS/IMAGES/SEAWIFS_GALLERY.html
Martin et al. Fe studies in subarctic N. Pacific
A global composite of sea surfacechlorophyll concentration
HighHigh--nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)
HNLCHNLC
HNLCHNLC
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Martin et al. (1989) Deep-Sea Res.
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary productionseawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEAWIFS/IMAGES/SEAWIFS_GALLERY.html
Large-Scale Fe Fertilization Experiments
A global composite of sea surfacechlorophyll concentration
HighHigh--nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC)
HNLCHNLC
HNLCHNLC
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Boyd, P. W., et al. (2000) A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature 407: 695 - 702.
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Atmosphere
Aphotic Zone
Euphotic zone
CO2
Biological Pump
CO2
CO2
OrganicMatter
Particle sinking, downward transport of DOM
OM decomposition
O2
Phytoplankton(no change in ALK
net decrease in pCO2)
Incident Light
O2
ZooplanktonBacteriaN, P, Si, trace metals
N, P, Si, trace metals
Vertical mixing, advection
O2
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
Alldredge and Silver (1988) Prog. Oceanogr.
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production
From W. Deuser
MAR 510Chemical
Oceanography
Primary production