optix rtn 950 product description(v100r003)

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System

V100R003C03

Product Description

Issue 05

Date 2013-11-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior writtenconsent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and thecustomer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within thepurchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representationsof any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, LonggangShenzhen 518129People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

Issue 05 (2013-11-30) Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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http://www.huawei.commailto:[email protected]

About This Document

Related VersionsThe following table lists the product versions related to this document.

Product Name Version

OptiX RTN 950 V100R003C03

iManager U2000 V100R006C00

Intended AudienceThis document is intended for network planning engineers.

Familiarity with the basic knowledge related to digital microwave communication technologywill help you apply the information in this document.

Symbol ConventionsThe symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

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OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description About This Document


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Symbol Description

Indicates a potentially hazardous situationwhich, if not avoided, could result inequipment damage, data loss, performancedeterioration, or unanticipated results.NOTICE is used to address practices notrelated to personal injury.

Calls attention to important information, bestpractices and tips.NOTE is used to address information notrelated to personal injury, equipment damage,and environment deterioration.

General ConventionsThe general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are inboldface. For example, log in as user root.

Italic Book titles are in italics.

Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are inCourier New.

Update HistoryUpdates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue containsall updates made in previous issues.

Updates in Issue 05 (2013-11-30) Based on Product Version V100R003C03

This document is the fifth issue of the V100R003C03 product version.

The updated contents are as follows:

Update Description

1.2 Components Descriptions about 10/10.5 GHz XMC-2ODUs are added.



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Update Description

6.1 RF Performance


This document is the fourth issue of the V100R003C03 product version.


Update Description

2.16 Security Management New section is added.


This document is the third issue of the V100R003C03 product version.


Update Description

1.2 Components Descriptions about 6 GHz XMC-2 ODUs areadded.

6.1 RF Performance

4.3 Feature Application (Traversing theOriginal Network)

New section is added.


This document is the second issue of the V100R003C03 product version.


Update Description

1.2 Components Descriptions about 28/32/42 GHz XMC-2ODUs are added.

6.1 RF Performance


This document is the first release for the V100R003C03 product version.



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Contents

About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii

1 Introduction....................................................................................................................................11.1 Network Application......................................................................................................................................................21.2 Components....................................................................................................................................................................31.3 Radio Link Types...........................................................................................................................................................7

2 Functions and Features.................................................................................................................82.1 Microwave Types.........................................................................................................................................................102.1.1 SDH/PDH Microwave...............................................................................................................................................102.1.2 Hybrid/Packet Integrated IP Microwave...................................................................................................................112.2 Modulation Strategy.....................................................................................................................................................132.2.1 Fixed Modulation......................................................................................................................................................132.2.2 Adaptive Modulation.................................................................................................................................................132.3 RF Configuration Modes..............................................................................................................................................152.4 Capacity........................................................................................................................................................................162.4.1 Air Interface Capacity...............................................................................................................................................162.4.2 Cross-Connect Capacity............................................................................................................................................172.4.3 Switching Capacity....................................................................................................................................................172.5 Interfaces......................................................................................................................................................................172.5.1 Service Interfaces......................................................................................................................................................172.5.2 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces.......................................................................................................................192.6 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation...............................................................................................................202.7 Automatic Transmit Power Control.............................................................................................................................212.8 MPLS/PWE3 Function.................................................................................................................................................212.9 Ethernet Service Processing Capability........................................................................................................................232.10 QoS.............................................................................................................................................................................252.11 Clock Features............................................................................................................................................................262.12 Protection Capability..................................................................................................................................................272.13 Network Management................................................................................................................................................282.14 Easy Installation.........................................................................................................................................................292.15 Easy Maintenance.......................................................................................................................................................292.16 Security Management.................................................................................................................................................312.17 Energy Saving.............................................................................................................................................................32

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description Contents


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2.18 Environmental Protection...........................................................................................................................................32

3 Product Structure.........................................................................................................................343.1 System Architecture.....................................................................................................................................................353.1.1 TDM Single-Plane System Architecture ..................................................................................................................353.1.2 TDM/Packet Dual-Plane System Architecture..........................................................................................................363.2 Hardware Structure.......................................................................................................................................................383.2.1 IDU............................................................................................................................................................................383.2.2 ODU...........................................................................................................................................................................423.3 Software Structure........................................................................................................................................................433.3.1 NMS Software...........................................................................................................................................................433.3.2 IDU Software.............................................................................................................................................................433.3.3 ODU Software...........................................................................................................................................................433.4 Service Signal Processing Flow...................................................................................................................................443.4.1 SDH/PDH Microwave...............................................................................................................................................443.4.2 Hybrid Microwave.....................................................................................................................................................463.4.3 Packet Microwave.....................................................................................................................................................49

4 Networking and Applications..................................................................................................524.1 Basic Network Topologies...........................................................................................................................................534.1.1 Chain Network...........................................................................................................................................................534.1.2 Ring Network............................................................................................................................................................534.2 Feature Application (MPLS Packet Service)................................................................................................................544.2.1 CES Services.............................................................................................................................................................544.2.2 ATM/IMA Services...................................................................................................................................................574.2.3 Ethernet Services.......................................................................................................................................................584.3 Feature Application (Traversing the Original Network)..............................................................................................604.3.1 Traversing a TDM Network by Using the EoPDH/EoSDH Feature.........................................................................604.3.2 Traversing a Layer 2 Network by Using VLAN Sub-interfaces...............................................................................61

5 Network Management System..................................................................................................625.1 Network Management Solution....................................................................................................................................635.2 Web LCT......................................................................................................................................................................645.3 U2000...........................................................................................................................................................................65

6 Technical Specifications.............................................................................................................676.1 RF Performance............................................................................................................................................................686.1.1 Microwave Work Modes...........................................................................................................................................686.1.1.1 Microwave Work Modes (IF1 board).....................................................................................................................686.1.1.2 Microwave Work Modes (IFU2 board)..................................................................................................................686.1.1.3 Microwave Work Modes (IFX2 board)..................................................................................................................706.1.1.4 Microwave Work Modes (ISU2 board)..................................................................................................................716.1.1.5 Microwave Work Modes (ISX2 board)..................................................................................................................746.1.2 Frequency Band.........................................................................................................................................................78



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6.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity...................................................................................................................................................826.1.3.1 Receiver Sensitivity (IF1 Board)............................................................................................................................826.1.3.2 Receiver Sensitivity (IFU2 board)..........................................................................................................................846.1.3.3 Receiver Sensitivity (IFX2 board)..........................................................................................................................876.1.3.4 Receiver Sensitivity (ISU2 board)..........................................................................................................................906.1.3.5 Receiver Sensitivity (ISX2 board)..........................................................................................................................966.1.4 Distortion Sensitivity...............................................................................................................................................1056.1.5 Transceiver Performance.........................................................................................................................................1066.1.6 IF Performance........................................................................................................................................................1146.1.7 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem.......................................................................................1146.2 Predicted Equipment Reliability.................................................................................................................................1146.2.1 Predicted Component Reliability.............................................................................................................................1156.2.2 Predicted Link Reliability........................................................................................................................................1156.3 Interface Performance.................................................................................................................................................1156.3.1 SDH Interface Performance.....................................................................................................................................1166.3.2 E1 Interface Performance........................................................................................................................................1176.3.3 Ethernet Interface Performance...............................................................................................................................1176.3.4 Auxiliary Interface Performance.............................................................................................................................1216.4 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance......................................................................................................1236.5 Integrated System Performance..................................................................................................................................123

A Compliance Standards.............................................................................................................127A.1 ITU-R Standards........................................................................................................................................................128A.2 ETSI Standards..........................................................................................................................................................129A.3 IEC Standards............................................................................................................................................................130A.4 ITU-T Standards........................................................................................................................................................131A.5 IETF Standards..........................................................................................................................................................135A.6 IEEE Standards..........................................................................................................................................................137A.7 MEF Standards..........................................................................................................................................................137A.8 AF Standards.............................................................................................................................................................138A.9 Environmental Standards...........................................................................................................................................138

B Glossary......................................................................................................................................141



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1 IntroductionAbout This Chapter

The OptiX RTN 950 is a product in the OptiX RTN 900 radio transmission system series.

1.1 Network ApplicationThe OptiX RTN 900 is a new generation TDM/Hybrid/Packet integrated microwavetransmission system developed by Huawei. It provides a seamless microwave transmissionsolution for mobile communication network or private networks.

1.2 ComponentsThe OptiX RTN 950 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU 950 and the ODU.Each ODU is connected to the IDU through an IF cable.

1.3 Radio Link TypesThe OptiX RTN 950 provides the radio links of various types in which different IF boards andODUs are configured for diverse microwave application scenarios.

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description 1 Introduction


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1.1 Network ApplicationThe OptiX RTN 900 is a new generation TDM/Hybrid/Packet integrated microwavetransmission system developed by Huawei. It provides a seamless microwave transmissionsolution for mobile communication network or private networks.

OptiX RTN 900 Product FamilyThere are three types of OptiX RTN 900 products: OptiX RTN 910, OptiX RTN 950, and OptiXRTN 980. Users can choose the product best suited for their site.l The IDU of the OptiX RTN 910 is 1U high and supports one or two IF boards.l The IDU of the OptiX RTN 950 is 2U high and supports one to six IF boards.l The IDU of the OptiX RTN 980 is 5U high and supports one to fourteen IF boards.

NOTE

All the products in the OptiX RTN 900 series use the same types of IF and service interface boards.

The OptiX RTN 900 series provide a variety of service interfaces and can be installed easily andconfigured flexibly. The OptiX RTN 900 series provide a solution that can integrate TDMmicrowave, Hybrid microwave, and Packet microwave technologies according to thenetworking scheme for the sites, achieving smooth upgrade from TDM microwave to Hybridmicrowave, and from Hybrid microwave to Packet microwave. This solution is able to adapt tochanging service scenarios brought about by evolutions in radio mobile networks. Therefore,this solution meets the transmission requirements of 2G and 3G networks while also allowingfor integration with future LTE and 4G networks.

OptiX RTN 950The OptiX RTN 950 is deployed at the access and convergence layers. Figure 1-1 shows themicrowave transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 950.



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Figure 1-1 Microwave transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 950

OptiX RTN 950 BTSNodeB BSCRNC

FEE1

FEE1

E1

E1FE

E1

E1

FE

FE/GE

E1/STM-1

Regional TDMNetwork

E1/STM-1

FE/GE

FE/GE

Regional PacketNetwork

MSTP

NOTE

l In this solution, the OptiX RTN 950 is connected to an RNC and BSC directly or through a regional backhaulnetwork.

l The OptiX RTN 950 provides a wide range of interfaces and service bearer technologies to adapt to theregional backhaul network. The regional backhaul network can be a time-division multiplexing (TDM)network or packet switching network (PSN).

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the Ethernet over SDH (EoSDH) function and Ethernet over PDH(EoPDH) function. Therefore, packet services can be backhauled through a TDM network.

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) technology. Therefore,TDM, ATM, and Ethernet services can be backhauled through a PSN.

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the VLAN sub-interface function. Therefore, MPLS packet services canbe backhauled through a Layer 2 network.

1.2 ComponentsThe OptiX RTN 950 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU 950 and the ODU.Each ODU is connected to the IDU through an IF cable.

IDU 950The IDU 950 is the indoor unit for an OptiX RTN 950 system. It receives and multiplexesservices, performs service processing and IF processing, and provides the system control andcommunications function.

Table 1-1 lists the basic features of the IDU 950.



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Table 1-1 Features of the IDU 950

Item Description

Chassis height 2U

Pluggable Supported

Number of microwavedirections

1 to 6

RF configuration mode 1+0 non-protection configuration

N+0 non-protection configuration (N 5)1+1 protection configuration

N+1 protection configuration (N 4)XPIC configuration

Figure 1-2 Appearance of the IDU 950

ODU

The ODU is the outdoor unit for the OptiX RTN 900. It converts frequencies and amplifiessignals.

The OptiX RTN 900 product series can use the RTN 600 ODU and RTN XMC ODU, coveringthe entire frequency band from 6 GHz to 42 GHz.

NOTE

Unlike the other frequency bands that use 14 MHz, 28 MHz, or 56 MHz channel spacing, the 18 GHzfrequency band uses 13.75 MHz, 27.5 MHz, or 55 MHz channel spacing.



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Table 1-2 RTN 600 ODUs that the OptiX RTN 950 supports

Item Description

Standard PowerODU

High-Power ODU Low Capacity forPDH ODU

ODU type SP, SPA HP, HPA LP

Frequency band 7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/38 GHz (SP ODU)6/7/8/11/13/15/18/23GHz (SPA ODU)

6/7/8/10/10.5/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32/38 GHz (HP ODU)7/8/11/13/15/18/23GHz (HPA ODU)

7/8/11/13/15/18/23GHz (LP ODU)

Microwavemodulation scheme

QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/128QAM/256QAM


QPSK/16QAM

Channel spacing 3.5/7/14/28 MHz 7/14/28/40/56 MHz(6/7/8/10/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32/38GHz)7/14/28 MHz (10.5GHz)

3.5/7/14/28 MHz

Table 1-3 RTN XMC ODUs that the OptiX RTN 950 supports

Item Description

High-Power ODU Low Capacity for PDHODU

ODU type XMC-2 XMC-1

Frequency band 6/7/8/10/10.5/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32/38/42 GHz

7/8/11/13/15/18/23 GHz

Microwavemodulation scheme


QPSK/16QAM

Channel spacing 7/14/28/40/56 MHz(6/7/8/10/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32/38/42GHz)7/14/28 MHz (10.5 GHz)

3.5/7/14/28 MHz

There are two methods for mounting the ODU and the antenna: direct mounting and separatemounting.

l The direct mounting method is generally adopted when a small- or medium-diameter andsingle-polarized antenna is used. In this situation, if one ODU is configured for one antenna,



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the ODU is directly mounted at the back of the antenna. If two ODUs are configured forone antenna, an RF signal combiner/splitter (hence referred to as a hybrid coupler) mustbe mounted to connect the ODUs to the antenna. Figure 1-3 illustrates the direct mountingmethod.The direct mounting method can also be adopted when a small- or medium-diameter anddual-polarized antenna is used. Two ODUs are mounted onto an antenna using anorthogonal mode transducer (OMT). The method for installing an OMT is similar to thatfor installing a hybrid coupler.

Figure 1-3 Direct mounting

l The separate mounting method is adopted when a large- or medium-diameter and single-

or dual-polarized antenna is used. Figure 1-4 shows the separate mounting method. In thissituation, a hybrid coupler can be mounted (two ODUs share one feed boom).

Figure 1-4 Separate mounting



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NOTE

The OptiX RTN 950 provides an antenna solution that covers the entire frequency band, and supportssingle-polarized antennas and dual-polarized antennas with diameters of 0.3 m to 3.7 m along with thecorresponding feeder system.

1.3 Radio Link TypesThe OptiX RTN 950 provides the radio links of various types in which different IF boards andODUs are configured for diverse microwave application scenarios.

Table 1-4 Radio link types that the OptiX RTN 950 supports

Radio Link Type System Control,Switching, andTiming Board

IF Board ODU

Low-capacity PDHmicrowave

CSTCSH

IF1 Low capacity forPDH ODU

SDH/PDHmicrowave

CSTCSH

IF1 Standard powerODU or high powerODU

High-capacity SDHmicrowave

CSTCSH

ISU2 Standard powerODU or high powerODU

High-capacity SDHmicrowavesupporting XPIC

CSTCSH

ISX2 Standard powerODU or high powerODU

Integrated IPmicrowave

CSH IFU2ISU2

Standard powerODU or high powerODU

Integrated IPmicrowavesupporting XPIC

CSH IFX2ISX2

Standard powerODU or high powerODU



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2 Functions and FeaturesAbout This Chapter

The OptiX RTN 950 provides a wide assortment of functions and features to ensure the qualityand efficiency of service transmission.

2.1 Microwave TypesThe microwave type is determined by the IF board and the configured working mode.

2.2 Modulation StrategyThe SDH/PDH microwave supports fixed modulation. The Hybrid/Packet microwave supportsfixed modulation and adaptive modulation.

2.3 RF Configuration ModesThe OptiX RTN 950 supports 1+0 non-protection configuration, N+0 non-protectionconfiguration, 1+1 protection configuration, N+1 protection configuration, and XPICconfiguration.

2.4 CapacityThe OptiX RTN 950 is a high-capacity device.

2.5 InterfacesThe OptiX RTN 950 provides a variety of interfaces.

2.6 Cross-Polarization Interference CancellationCross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) technology is used together with co-channeldual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the wireless linkcapacity over the same channel.

2.7 Automatic Transmit Power ControlAutomatic transmit power control (ATPC) enables the output power of the transmitter toautomatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end within the ATPC control range. Thisfeature reduces the interference with neighboring systems and residual BER.

2.8 MPLS/PWE3 FunctionThe OptiX RTN 950 uses an MPLS that is optimized for the telecom bearer network as thepacket forwarding mechanism for packet transmission of carrier-class services. The OptiX RTN950 uses PWE3 technology as the service bearer technology to implement MPLS network accessfor various types of services.

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description 2 Functions and Features


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2.9 Ethernet Service Processing CapabilityThe OptiX RTN 950 has powerful Ethernet service processing capability.

2.10 QoSThe OptiX RTN 950 provides improved quality of service (QoS) and supports the followingeight types of per-hop behaviors (PHBs): BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6, and CS7.Therefore, network carriers can offer various QoS levels of service guarantees and buildnetworks that carry data, voice, and video services.

2.11 Clock FeaturesThe clock features of the OptiX RTN 950 can transport the clock of the mobile communicationnetwork and provide a complete selection of clock protection mechanisms.

2.12 Protection CapabilityThe OptiX RTN 950 provides a variety of protection schemes.

2.13 Network ManagementThe OptiX RTN 950 supports multiple network management (NM) modes and providescomprehensive NM information exchange schemes.

2.14 Easy InstallationThe OptiX RTN 950 supports several installation modes. That is, the installation is flexible andconvenient.

2.15 Easy MaintenanceThe OptiX RTN 950 provides several maintenance features that effectively reduce the costsassociated with maintaining the equipment.

2.16 Security ManagementThe OptiX RTN 950 works with its network management system (NMS) to prevent unauthorizedlogins and operations, ensuring equipment management security.

2.17 Energy SavingThe OptiX RTN 950 uses various types of technologies to reduce the amount of energy that thedevice consumes. The device:

2.18 Environmental ProtectionThe OptiX RTN 950 is designed to meet or exceed environmental protection requirements. Theproduct complies with the RoHS directive.



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2.1 Microwave TypesThe microwave type is determined by the IF board and the configured working mode.

2.1.1 SDH/PDH MicrowaveThe SDH microwave refers to the microwave that transmits SDH services. The PDH microwaverefers to the microwave that transmits only PDH services (mainly, the E1 services).

NOTE

The IF1 board can work in TU-12-based PDH microwave mode or STM-1-based SDH microwave mode.

The ISU2/ISX2 board can work in SDH mode to support transmission of one STM-1 or two STM-1s.

SDH MicrowaveUnlike conventional SDH microwave equipment, the OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in MADM.The MADM grooms services to the microwave port through cross-connections, maps theservices into the STM-1-based or 2xSTM-1-based microwave frames, and then transmits theframes. With this capability, services are flexibly groomed and the optical network and themicrowave network are seamlessly converged.

Figure 2-1 SDH microwave

ODU

E1

IDU

MADM

SDH radioSDH

OH

OH

PDH MicrowaveUnlike conventional PDH microwave equipment, the OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in MADM.The MADM grooms E1 services to the microwave port for further transmission. With thiscapability, services are flexibly groomed and the optical network and the microwave networkare seamlessly converged.



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Figure 2-2 PDH microwave

ODU

E1

IDU

OH MADM

PDH radioSDH

2.1.2 Hybrid/Packet Integrated IP MicrowaveThe Hybrid/Packet integrated IP microwave (Integrated IP radio for short) can transmit one typeamong or a combination of Native TDM services, Native Ethernet services, and PWE3 packetservices according to software settings. Therefore, the Integrated IP radio achieves a smoothupgrade from Hybrid microwave to Packet microwave.

IP Microwave Classification

IP microwave can transmit packet services and support the AM function. The packet servicestransmitted can be Native Ethernet services or packet services encapsulated in PWE3.Conventional IP microwave is divided into two different types: Hybrid microwave and Packetmicrowave.

l Hybrid microwave: Native TDM services and Native Ethernet services can be transmittedthrough the air interface.

l Packet microwave: TDM services, ATM/IMA services, and Ethernet services after PWE3encapsulation are transmitted through the air interface.

As IP microwave evolves, the OptiX RTN 950 supports Integrated IP radio. As a result, theequipment can support Hybrid microwave and Packet microwave at the same time, and cansimultaneously transmit multiple types of services at air interfaces.

NOTE

Universal IF boards, the IFU2, IFX2, ISU2, and ISX2 boards, support Integrated IP radio.

Integrated IP radio

To achieve flexible grooming of TDM services and packet services on the Integrated IP radio,the OptiX RTN 950 is embedded with dual service planes: TDM service processing plane andpacket service processing plane. TDM services and packet services can be flexibly transmittedover the Integrated IP radio, as shown in Figure 2-3.

l TDM service processing plane



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Performs cross-connections on the incoming TDM services (E1 services or STM-1services), and transmits the services to the microwave ports.

l Packet service processing plane

Performs PWE3 emulation on the incoming services (E1 services, ATM/IMA services, andEthernet services), encapsulates them into the MPLS packets, and transmits the Ethernetframes that bear the MPLS packets to the microwave ports. Ethernet services are directlytransmitted to the microwave ports in Native mode after Layer 2 switching.

Native TDM services, MPLS packets, or Native Ethernet services need to be groomed to themicrowave port, encapsulated into microwave frames, and then transmitted on microwave links.The Integrated IP radio serves as Hybrid microwave when TDM services are scheduled to themicrowave port over the TDM service processing plane and Ethernet services are scheduled tothe microwave port over the packet service processing plane; the Integrated IP radio serves asPacket microwave when TDM services are encapsulated into MPLS/PWE3 packets on the packetservice processing plane and then scheduled to the microwave port.

Figure 2-3 Hybrid/Packet integrated IP microwave

ODU

IDU

TDMcross-connect

matrixE1

STM-1/4

IMA E1

FE/GE

Packetswitching

PWE3

Layer2Proccess

Hybrid radio

Mixed service in evolution

Pure Packet radioThe Integrated IP radio supports smoothupgrade

Native Ethernet

Native TDM channel (E1 or STM-1)

MPLStunnel

ATM PWE3ETHPWE3

Native TDM channel (E1 or STM-1)

TDM PWE3 (CES E1)

MPLStunnel

ATM PWE3

TDM PWE3 (CES E1)

ETHPWE3

NativeEthernet

NativeEthernet

The Hybrid/Packet integrated IP microwave has the following features:



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l Transmits one, or several of the TDM services, MPLS/PWE3 services, and Native Ethernetservices.

NOTE

The OptiX RTN 950 supports VLAN sub-interfaces, therefore transmitting MPLS/PWE3 Ethernetservices and Native Ethernet services over one port.

l Supports the AM function. E1 services and packet services can be configured with priority.When AM is switched to the reference mode, the services with higher priority aretransmitted with preference.

NOTE

The Integrated IP radio provides a low air interface capacity at the 3.5 MHz channel spacing, andtherefore the AM function is not provided.

2.2 Modulation StrategyThe SDH/PDH microwave supports fixed modulation. The Hybrid/Packet microwave supportsfixed modulation and adaptive modulation.

2.2.1 Fixed ModulationFixed modulation refers to a modulation policy in which a modulation scheme is adoptedinvariably to provide constant air interface bandwidth for a running radio link.

When the OptiX RTN 950 uses fixed modulation, the modulation scheme and the channelspacing can be set by using software.

l The SDH/PDH radio link uses fixed modulation.l The Integrated IP radio link supports fixed modulation. Various combinations of

modulation schemes and channel spacings can be set.

2.2.2 Adaptive ModulationThe adaptive modulation (AM) technology adjusts the modulation scheme automatically basedon channel quality.

When the AM technology is adopted, in the case of the same channel spacing, the microwaveservice bandwidth varies according to the modulation scheme; the higher the modulationefficiency, the higher the bandwidth of the transmitted services.l When the channel quality is good (such as on days when weather conditions are favorable),

the equipment adopts a high-efficiency modulation scheme to transmit more user services.This improves transmission efficiency and spectrum utilization of the system.

l When the channel quality deteriorates (such as on days with adverse weather), theequipment adopts a low-efficiency modulation scheme to transmit only higher-priorityservices within the available bandwidth while discarding lower-priority services. Thismethod improves anti-interference capabilities of the radio link, which helps ensure thelink availability for higher-priority services.

In Integrated IP radio mode, the equipment supports the AM technology. With configurablepriorities for E1 services and packet services, the transmission is controlled based on the servicebandwidth and QoS policies corresponding to the current modulation scheme. The highest-priority services are transmitted with precedence.



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NOTE

In Integrated IP radio mode, when the equipment transmits STM-1 services and packet services at the sametime, STM-1 services have highest priority and their transmission is ensured.

l Priorities of E1 services

The priorities of E1 services are assigned based on the number of E1 services that eachmodulation scheme can transmit. When modulation scheme switching occurs, only the E1services whose number is specified in the new modulation scheme can be transmitted andthe excess E1 services are discarded.

l Priorities of packet services

With the QoS technology, packet services are scheduled to queues with different priorities.The services in different queues are transmitted to the microwave port after running thequeue scheduling algorithm. When modulation scheme switching occurs, certain queuesmay be congested due to insufficient capacity at the air interface. As a result, certain servicesor all the services in these queues are discarded.

Figure 2-4 shows the change in services brought by the AM technology. The orange partindicates E1 services. The blue part indicates packet services. The closer the service is to theoutside of the cylinder in the figure, the lower the service priority. Under all channel conditions,the service capacity varies according to the modulation scheme. When the channel conditionsare unfavorable (during adverse weather conditions), lower-priority services are discarded.

Figure 2-4 Adaptive modulation

ChannelCapability

E1 Services

256QAM

32QAM

QPSK

256QAM

128QAM

32QAM

128QAM

64QAM

64QAM

16QAM

16QAM

EthernetServices

The AM technology used by the OptiX RTN 950 has the following characteristics:



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l The AM technology uses the QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and 256QAMmodulation schemes.

l The lowest-efficiency modulation scheme (also called reference scheme or modulationscheme of guaranteed capacity) and the highest-efficiency modulation scheme (also callednominal scheme or modulation scheme of full capacity) used by the AM can be configured.

l In AM, when modulation schemes are switched, the transmit frequency, receive frequency,and channel spacing remain unchanged.

l In AM, modulation schemes are switched step-by-step.

l In AM, modulation scheme switching is hitless. When the modulation scheme isdownshifted, high-priority services will not be affected when low-priority services arediscarded. The switching is successful even when 100 dB/s channel fast fading occurs.

2.3 RF Configuration ModesThe OptiX RTN 950 supports 1+0 non-protection configuration, N+0 non-protectionconfiguration, 1+1 protection configuration, N+1 protection configuration, and XPICconfiguration.

Table 2-1 lists the supported RF link configuration modes.

Table 2-1 RF configuration modes

Configuration Mode Maximum Number of Configurations

1+0 non-protection configuration 6

1+1 protection configuration (1+1 HSB/FD/SD)

3

N+0 non-protection configuration (N 5) 3 (N = 2)2 (N = 3)

1 (N 4)

N+1 protection configuration (N 4) 3 (N = 1)2 (N = 2)

1 (N 3)

XPIC configuration 3

NOTE

l 1+0 configuration in N directions is also called Nx(1+0) configuration.

l When two radio links in 1+0 non-protection configuration form a microwave ring network, the specificRF configuration (namely, east and west configuration) is formed. On a Hybrid microwave ringnetwork, SNCP can be configured for SDH/PDH services and ERPS can be configured for Ethernetservices. On a packet microwave ring network, MPLS APS or PW APS can be configured for packetservices.

l PDH microwave does not support N+1 protection or XPIC configuration.

l Two XPIC workgroups can form the XPIC 1+1 protection configuration.



15

2.4 CapacityThe OptiX RTN 950 is a high-capacity device.

2.4.1 Air Interface CapacityThe microwave air interface capacity depends on the IF board, ODU type, and microwaveworking mode.

Table 2-2 and Table 2-3 lists the microwave air interface capacities that the OptiX RTN 950supports.

Table 2-2 Air interface capacities (SDH/PDH radio)

Radio Link IF Board MaximumAirInterfaceCapacity

XPICConfiguration

Remarks

PDH IF1 53xE1 Notsupported

Supports 16xE1s when thelow-capacity PDH ODU isused.

SDH IF1 1xSTM-1 Notsupported

-

SDH ISU2 2xSTM-1 Notsupported

-

ISX2 2xSTM-1 Supported The XPIC function isprovided using two ISX2boards.

NOTEThe XPIC function doubles the service capacity of the microwave channel at the same frequencybandwidth.

Table 2-3 Air interface capacities (Integrated IP radio)

Radio Link IF Board MaximumEthernetThroughput at AirInterfaces

XPICConfiguration

Remarks

Integrated IPradio

IFU2 360 to 420 Notsupported

-



16

Radio Link IF Board MaximumEthernetThroughput at AirInterfaces

XPICConfiguration

Remarks

IFX2 360 to 410 Supported The XPIC function isprovided using two IFX2boards.

ISU2 360 to 456 Notsupported

-

ISX2 360 to 456 Supported The XPIC function isprovided using two ISX2boards.

NOTE

l ISU2 and ISX2 boards support frame header compression at air interfaces, and their equivalentthroughout of Ethernet services at air interfaces can reach up to 1000 Mbit/s. For details, see 6.1.1Microwave Work Modes.

l The XPIC function doubles the service capacity of the microwave channel at the same frequencybandwidth.

2.4.2 Cross-Connect CapacityThe OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in MADM and provides full time division cross-connectionsfor VC-12/VC-3/VC-4 services equivalent to 32x32 VC-4s.

2.4.3 Switching CapacityThe OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in packet processing platform with the switching capacity of10 Gbit/s.

2.5 InterfacesThe OptiX RTN 950 provides a variety of interfaces.

2.5.1 Service InterfacesThe OptiX RTN 950 is able to provide a wide-assortment of service interfaces by configuringdifferent types of service interface boards.

Table 2-4 lists the types and number of service interfaces that each service interface boardsupports for the OptiX RTN 950.



17

Table 2-4 Types and number of service interfaces that each service interface board supports

Service InterfaceBoard

Service Interface Quantity

EM6T/EM6TA FE electrical interface (RJ45): 10/100BASE-T(X)

4

GE electrical interface (RJ45):10/100/1000BASE-T(X)

2

EM6F/EM6FA FE electrical interface (RJ45): 10/100BASE-T(X)

4

GE electrical interface (SFP) or GE/FEoptical interface (SFP):l GE electrical interface:

10/100/1000BASE-T(X)l GE optical interface: 1000BASE-SX/LX/

VX/ZX/BXl FE optical interface: 100BASE-FX/LX/

VX/ZX/BX

2

EFP8 FE electrical interface (RJ45): 10/100BASE-T(X)

8

EMS6 FE electrical interface (RJ45): 10/100BASE-T(X)

4

GE electrical interface (SFP) or GE opticalinterface (SFP):l GE electrical interface:

10/100/1000BASE-T(X)l GE optical interface: 1000BASE-SX/LX/

VX/ZX

2

SP3S 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 interface 16

SP3D 75-ohm or 120-ohm E1 interface 32

SL1D/SL1DA STM-1 electrical interface (SFP) orSTM-1 optical interface (SFP): Ie-1, S-1.1,L-1.1, and L-1.2

2

ML1 75-ohm or 120-ohm Smart E1 interface:supports CES E1, ATM/IMA E1, andFractional E1

16

MD1 75-ohm or 120-ohm Smart E1 interface:supports CES E1, ATM/IMA E1, andFractional E1

32



18

2.5.2 Management and Auxiliary InterfacesThe OptiX RTN 950 provides the management and auxiliary interfaces through the systemcontrol, switching, and timing board and the auxiliary board.

Table 2-5 Types and number of management and auxiliary interfaces

Interface Description Quantity

External clockinterface

Combined 120-ohm 2,048 kbit/s or 2,048 kHzclock input and output interface

1

Managementinterface

10/100BASE-T(X) NM interface 1

NM serial interface 1

10/100BASE-T(X) NE cascading interface 1

Auxiliary interface Orderwire interface 1

RS-232 asynchronous data interface 1

64 kbit/s synchronous data interface 1

Wayside E1 interface 1

Alarm interface Alarm input interface 4

Alarm output interface 2

Outdoor cabinetmonitoringinterface

RS-485 outdoor cabinet monitoring interface 1

NOTE

l The external clock interface and wayside E1 interface are combined into one interface. This interface cantransparently transmit the DCC byte, orderwire overhead byte, and synchronous/asynchronous data serviceoverhead byte. However, one interface can implement only one of the following three functions: externalclock interface, wayside E1 service, and transparent transmission of the overhead byte.

l The 64 kbit/s synchronous data interface can transparently transmit the orderwire byte. However, oneinterface can implement only one of the following two functions: 64 kbit/s synchronous data interface andtransparent transmission of the orderwire byte.

l The CST/CSH board provides the external clock interface and the management interface. The AUX boardprovides the auxiliary interface and the alarm interface.

l The number of external clock interfaces or the number of management interfaces listed in the table is thenumber of interfaces provided by one CST/CSH board.

Auxiliary services and NM messages are transmitted by overhead bytes over a radio link. Fordetails, see Table 2-6.



19

Table 2-6 Auxiliary services or paths provided by each microwave interface

Service/Message Type Microwave Frame Overhead

Quantity of Paths Path Rate

Asynchronous data service 1 19.2 kbit/s

Synchronous data service 1 64 kbit/s

Orderwire phone service 1 64 kbit/s

Wayside E1 service 1 2048 kbit/s (in the SDH radio link)

DCC path 1 l 64 kbit/s (in the PDH radio linkwhich the capacity is lower than16xE1)

l 192 kbit/s (in the PDH radio linkwhich the capacity is not lower than16xE1)

l 192 kbit/s, 576kbit/s, or 768kbit/s(in the SDH radio link)

l 192 kbit/s (in Integrated IP radiolink)

2.6 Cross-Polarization Interference CancellationCross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) technology is used together with co-channeldual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the wireless linkcapacity over the same channel.

CCDP transmission adopts a horizontally polarized wave and a vertically polarized wave on onechannel to transmit two channels of signals. Ideally, for CCDP transmissions, there will not beany interference between the two orthogonal signals although they are on the same frequency.In actual practice, despite the orthogonality of the two signals, interference between the signalsinevitably occurs due to cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of the antenna and channeldegradation. To cancel the interference, XPIC technology is used to receive signals horizontallyand vertically. The signals in the two directions are then processed and the original signals arerecovered from interfered signals.



20

Figure 2-5 CCDP channel configuration , used when XPIC is used

HV

ModemODU 1

ODU 2

f1

f1

ODU 1

ODU 2

f1

f1

Site A Site B

f1

Modem

Modem

Modem

Service

Service

Service

Service

V: vertical polarization direction

H: horizontal polarization direction

Service singnal

2.7 Automatic Transmit Power ControlAutomatic transmit power control (ATPC) enables the output power of the transmitter toautomatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end within the ATPC control range. Thisfeature reduces the interference with neighboring systems and residual BER.

Figure 2-6 Relationship between the RSL and TSL

T

Up-fading

Down-fading

2 dB

TSL/RSL

TSL

RSL2 dBCentral value of the ATPC

upper threshold and theATPC lower threshold

2.8 MPLS/PWE3 FunctionThe OptiX RTN 950 uses an MPLS that is optimized for the telecom bearer network as thepacket forwarding mechanism for packet transmission of carrier-class services. The OptiX RTN950 uses PWE3 technology as the service bearer technology to implement MPLS network accessfor various types of services.



21

Table 2-7 MPLS/PWE3 functions

Function and Feature Description

MPLS tunnel Setup mode Static LSPs

VLAN subinterface Supported

Protection 1:1 MPLS tunnel APS

OAM Supports the following OAM functions:l MPLS OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.

1710 and ITU-T Y.1711l LSP ping and LSP traceroute functions

PWE3 TDM PWE3 Encapsulation mode

Supports the following encapsulation modes:l SAToPl CESoPSN

Packetloading time

125 s to 5000 s

Jittercompensation bufferingtime

375 s to 16000 s

ATM PWE3 Mappingmode

l ATM N-to-one VCC cell encapsulationl ATM N-to-one VPC cell encapsulationl ATM one-to-one VCC cell encapsulationl ATM one-to-one VPC cell encapsulation

Transparently transmittedATM service

Supported

Maximumnumber ofconcatenatedcells

31

ETH PWE3 Encapsulation mode

l Raw model Tagged mode

Service type l E-Linel E-Aggr

Setup mode Static PWs

Numbers of PWs Supports a maximum of 1024 PWs.

Protection 1:1 PW APS



22

Function and Feature Description

OAM Supports the following OAM functions:l VCCVl PW OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.

1710 and ITU-T Y.1711l PW ping and PW traceroute functionsl Intelligent service fault diagnosis, that is,

one-click PWE3 service fault locating

MS-PW Supported

Configurable bandwidth Supported

2.9 Ethernet Service Processing CapabilityThe OptiX RTN 950 has powerful Ethernet service processing capability.

Table 2-8 Ethernet service processing capability

Item Description

Ethernet servicetype

l Native Ethernet services: E-Line service and E-LAN servicel PW-carried Ethernet services: E-Line service and E-Aggr service

Range ofmaximum framelength

1518 bytes to 9600 bytes

VLAN l Adds, deletes, and switches VLAN tags that comply with IEEE802.1q/p, and forwards packets based on VLAN tags.

l Processes packets based on the port tag attribute (Tag/Hybrid/Access).

l The VLAN ID ranges from 1 to 4094.

MAC address l The E-LAN service supports the MAC address self learningcapability in two learning modes: SVL and IVL.

l MAC addresses can be filtered; that is, MAC addresses can beblacklisted.

l Static MAC address entries can be set.l The capacity of the MAC address table is 16 k (including static

entities).l The MAC address aging time can be configured.

Spanning tree Supports the MSTP protocol, and generates only the Common andInternal Spanning Tree (CIST). The functions of the MSTP protocol areequal to those of the RSTP protocol.



23

Item Description

Physical linkaggregation(PLA)

Supports PLA at two integrated IP microwave ports.PLA, a kind of Layer 1 link aggregation group (L1 LAG) technology,shares load based on the bandwidth at the physical layer to achieve linkaggregation.

Link aggregation Applies to the FE/GE port and microwave port. Supports manualaggregation and static aggregation, as well as load sharing and non-loadsharing. The load sharing hash algorithm is implemented based on MACaddresses, IP addresses, or MPLS labels, and supports the specifiedmode and automatic mode.

ERPS Supports ITU-T G.8032-compliant ring network protection for Ethernetservices.

LPT Disables the remote Ethernet port that is connected to the user equipmentwhen the transmission network or local port fails.

QoS Supports QoS. For details, see 2.10 QoS.

Traffic controlfunction

Supports the IEEE 802.3x-compliant traffic control function.

ETH-OAM l Supports IEEE 802.1ag- and IEEE 802.3ah-compliant ETH-OAMfunction.

l Supports ITU-T Y.1731-compliant packet loss measurement, delaymeasurement, and delay variation measurement.

Ethernetperformancemonitoring

l Supports IETF RFC2819-compliant RMON performancemonitoring.

l Measures real-time and historical traffic and bandwidth utilizationfor ports.

l Measures real-time and historical performance events for DSdomains, flows, VLANs, VUNIs, PWs, and egress queues.

l Measures packet loss due to congestion for flows.l Measures packet loss due to congestion for PWs and egress queues.

SynchronousEthernet

Supports ITU-T G.8261- and ITU-T G.8262-compliant synchronousEthernet.

EoPDH Supported. The EFP8 board provides the EoPDH function.

EoSDH Supported. The EMS6 board provides the EoSDH function.



24

NOTE

l The E-Line service is an Ethernet private line service. The OptiX RTN 950 supports a maximum of 1024E-Line services.

l For Native Ethernet services, the OptiX RTN 950 supports E-Line services based on the port, port+VLAN, and port+QinQ.

l For PW-carried Ethernet services, the OptiX RTN 950 supports E-Line services based on the port andport+VLAN.

l The E-Aggr service is an Ethernet aggregation service. The OptiX RTN 950 supports E-Aggr services frommultiple UNIs to one PW and E-Aggr services from multiple PWs to one UNI.

l The E-LAN service is an Ethernet local area network (LAN) service. The OptiX RTN 950 supports the E-LAN service based on the 802.1d bridge, 802.1q bridge, and 802.1ad bridge. The bridge supports a maximumof 1024 logical ports.

2.10 QoSThe OptiX RTN 950 provides improved quality of service (QoS) and supports the followingeight types of per-hop behaviors (PHBs): BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6, and CS7.Therefore, network carriers can offer various QoS levels of service guarantees and buildnetworks that carry data, voice, and video services.

Table 2-9 QoS features

Feature Performance

DiffServ l For Ethernet services, supports mapping the Ethernet service intodifferent PHB service levels based on the C-VLAN priority, S-VLANpriority, IP DSCP value, and MPLS EXP value.

l For ATM services, supports flexible mapping between the ATMservice categories (CBR, UBR, UBR+, rtVBR, and nrtVBR) andPHB service levels.

l For CES services, the PHB service level of each CES service can beset manually (EF by default).

Trafficclassification

Supports classifying traffic based on the Port, C-VLAN ID, S-VLANID, 802.1p priority of the C-VLAN/S-VLAN packet, or DSCP.

Traffic policing Supports flow-based traffic policing and the setting of PIR and CIR insteps of 64 kbit/s.

Queue scheduling l Each Ethernet port or Integrated IP radio port supports eight levelsof priority scheduling.

l Flexibly sets the queue scheduling scheme for each Ethernet port andIntegrated IP radio port. The queue scheduling modes include SP, SP+WRR, and WRR.

Traffic shaping l Supports the shaping for the specified port, priority queue, or serviceflow.

l Supports a step of 64 kbit/s for the PIR and CIR.

Buffer capacity 12 Mbit



25

Figure 2-7 Typical application of QoS

Fowarding

Queues SchedulingClassifing

Ingress Egress

PacketSwitching

CS7CS6

EFAF4AF3AF2AF1BE

Policing

CAR

Flow

Mapping

DiffServShaping

Shaping

2.11 Clock FeaturesThe clock features of the OptiX RTN 950 can transport the clock of the mobile communicationnetwork and provide a complete selection of clock protection mechanisms.

Table 2-10 lists the clock features that the OptiX RTN 950 supports.

Table 2-10 Clock features

Item Description

Equipment clock Supports the three modes as defined in ITU-T G.813: locked,holdover, and free-run.

Clock source Supports the following clock sources:l SDH line clockl PDH tributary clockl Radio link clockl Synchronous Ethernet clockl 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz external clock

SSM protocol/ExtendedSSM protocol

Supported. SSM information can be transmitted in thefollowing modes:l SDH linel SDH radio linkl Integrated IP radio linkl Synchronization Ethernetl External clock interface (not supporting the extended SSM

protocol)



26

Item Description

Tributary clock l Supports retiming for Native E1 and CES E1 services.l Supports the transparent transmission of E1 clocks.l Supports CES ACR clocks.

Output of the external clock Supported (120-ohm interface complying with G.703, 2 Mbit/s or 2 MHz mode)

2.12 Protection CapabilityThe OptiX RTN 950 provides a variety of protection schemes.

Table 2-11 Protection schemes

Item Description

Equipment-levelprotection

Power input 1+1 hot backup

Internal powermodule

1+1 hot backup

Control, switching,and timing board

1+1 hot backup

Radio links 1+1 HSB/SD/FD protection

N+1 protection

Network-levelprotection

MPLS MPLS tunnel 1:1 protection

PW PW 1:1 protection

Ethernet LAG protection (including FE/GE ports andradio links)

ERPS protection (including FE/GE ports andradio links)

MSTP protection (including FE/GE ports andradio links)

PLA protection (only for radio links)

ATM over E1 IMA protection

TDM services SNCP (including radio links and SDH lines)

STM-1 1+1 or 1:N linear multiplex section protection(MSP)



27

2.13 Network ManagementThe OptiX RTN 950 supports multiple network management (NM) modes and providescomprehensive NM information exchange schemes.

NM Mode

The OptiX RTN 950 supports the following functions:

l Uses the iManager Web LCT to manage one local NE or one remote NE on a per-NE basis.

l Uses the iManager U2000 to centralizedly manage OptiX RTN NEs and other OptiX NEsat the network level.

l Uses the SNMP agent to query alarms and performance events.

NM Information Exchange Schemes

The OptiX RTN 950 supports inband DCN and outband DCN.

Table 2-12 DCN information exchange schemes

Item Specifications

DCNchannel

DCC byte PDHmicrowave

One or three DCC bytes that are defined byHuawei

Integrated IPradio

Three DCC bytes that are defined by Huawei

SDHmicrowave

D1-D3, D4-D12, or D1-D12 bytes

SDH line D1-D3, D4-D12, or D1-D12 bytes

Network managementinterface

Supports one network management Ethernetinterface or one network managementEthernet cascade interface.

External clock interface Supports the transparent transmission ofDCC bytes through the external clockinterface.

Inband DCN Radio link The inband DCN channel is marked with theVLAN tag and its bandwidth is configurable.

FE/GEinterface

The inband DCN channel is marked with theVLAN tag and its bandwidth is configurable.

Networkmanagementprotocol

HWECC protocol Supported

IP protocols Supported

OSI protocols Supported



28

Item Specifications

L2 DCN Supported

2.14 Easy InstallationThe OptiX RTN 950 supports several installation modes. That is, the installation is flexible andconvenient.

The IDU can be installed on the following types of cabinets and surfaces:

l In a 300 mm ETSI cabinet

l In a 600 mm ETSI cabinet

l In a 450 mm 19-inch cabinet

l In a 600 mm 19-inch cabinet

l In an open cabinet

l In an outdoor cabinet

l On a wall

l On a table

The ODU supports two installation modes: direct mounting and separate mounting.

2.15 Easy MaintenanceThe OptiX RTN 950 provides several maintenance features that effectively reduce the costsassociated with maintaining the equipment.

Management and Monitoringl The OptiX RTN 950 supports the unified management of the microwave transmission

network and the optical transmission network at the network layer using the iManagerU2000.

l The OptiX RTN 950 reports a variety of alarms and performance events.

l The OptiX RTN 950 reports RMON performance events.

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports measurement of real-time and historical traffic andbandwidth utilization for ports.

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports measurement of real-time and historical performance for DSdomains, flows, VLANs, VUNIs, PWs, and egress queues.

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports measurement of packet loss due to congestion for flows.

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports measurement of packet loss due to congestion for PWsbandwidth and egress queues.

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the monitoring and the graphic display of key radiotransmission performance specifications such as the microwave transmit power, the RSSI,and signal to noise ratio (SNR).



29

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the monitoring and graphic display of Ethernet performancespecifications such as port traffic and bandwidth utilization.

Hardware Maintenancel Each board of the IDU has running and alarm status indicators.l All the indicators and cable interfaces of the IDU are on the front panel.l The integrated control, switching, and timing board, IF board, service board, and fan board

support hot swapping.

Fault Diagnosis and Testingl The OptiX RTN 950 supports IEEE 802.1ag- and IEEE 802.3ah-compliant ETH-OAM

function.l The OptiX RTN 950 supports ITU-T Y.1731-compliant packet loss measurement, delay

measurement, and delay variation measurement.l The OptiX RTN 950 supports intelligent diagnoses function for faults on PWs.l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the MPLS OAM function and LSP ping/traceroute.l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the PW OAM function and PW ping/traceroute.l The OptiX RTN 950 supports various loopback functions of service ports and IF ports.l The OptiX RTN 950 has a built-in test system. Users can perform a PRBS test on an IF

port even when no testing tool is available.

Data Backupl The OptiX RTN 950 supports backup and restoration of the NE database remotely using

the U2000.l The CF card that stores the data configuration file and the software can be replaced on site.

Therefore, users can load the data or upgrade the software by replacing the CF card.l The flash memory of a system control, switching, and timing board has two storage areas

for storing two copies of software and data, facilitating a smooth upgrade.

Software Upgradel The OptiX RTN 950 supports remote loading of the NE software and data using the U2000

to provide a complete NE upgrade solution. Therefore, the entire network can be upgradedrapidly.

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the NSF function. When a warm reset is performed for theNE software, SDH/PDH services and E-Line services are not interrupted.

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports the hot patch loading function. Users can upgrade thesoftware without interrupting services.

l The OptiX RTN 950 supports software version rollback. In the event of a software upgradefailure, the original software can be recovered which will also restore the original servicesof the system.



30

2.16 Security ManagementThe OptiX RTN 950 works with its network management system (NMS) to prevent unauthorizedlogins and operations, ensuring equipment management security.

Table 2-13 Security management

Security Management Measure Description

NE usermanagement

NE loginmanagement

Allows only NE users using authorized usernames andpasswords to log in to NEs. Adds, deletes, and managesNE users.

NE user groupmanagement

Manages NE user groups by permissions. By default,five user groups are available: monitors, operators,maintenance personnel, administrators, and superadministrators.

NE user typemanagement

Manages NE user groups by their network managementsystems. According to the used network managementsystem, NE users are classified into local craft terminal(LCT) NE users, element management system (EMS)NE users, CMD NE users, and general NE users.

Online usermanagement

Queries online NE users and forces a lower-level NEuser to log out.

NMS usermanagement

NMS loginmanagement

Allows only NMS users using authorize usernames andpasswords to log in to the NMS. Adds, deletes, andmanages NMS users.

NMS user groupmanagement

Manages NMS user groups by permissions. By default,five NMS user groups are available: monitors,operators, maintenance personnel, SMManagers, andadministrators.

Account policymanagement

Sets account policies, such as the complexityrequirements for and validity period of account andpasswords.

NMS user rightmanagement

Manages NMS users by their rights to performoperations on managed objects. Each user has a specificset of rights to perform certain operations on certainobjects.

Online usermanagement

Monitors online NMS users and forces a lower-levelNMS user to log out.

Communicationsecuritymanagement

Secure SocketsLayer (SSL)communication

l Supports the SSL protocol between a U2000 serverand gateway NEs.

l Supports the SSL protocol between a U2000 serverand its clients.



31

Security Management Measure Description

Communicationsourcemanagement

l Gateway NEs support access control lists (ACLs)to verify IP addresses, source ports, sink ports, andprotocol types of NMS packets.

l U2000 servers support ACLs to restrict the IPaddresses of clients.

Access controlmanagement

RemoteAuthenticationDial-In UserService(RADIUS)

l Supports RADIUS authentication to an NMS userwho needs to log in to the U2000 from a U2000client.

l Supports RADIUS authentication to an NE userwho needs to log in to an NE.

Local craftterminal (LCT)access control

Prevents the Web LCT from connecting to local NEs ifNEs are managed by the U2000 in a centralizedmanner.

NE logmanagement

Operation log Records NE configuration operations on NEs.

NMS logmanagement

Operation log Records task-related operations performed on theNMS, such as configuring NEs and the NMS.

Security log Records security-related operations performed on theNMS, such as logins and logouts.

2.17 Energy SavingThe OptiX RTN 950 uses various types of technologies to reduce the amount of energy that thedevice consumes. The device:

l Uses a streamlined scheme for board design.

l Replaces ordinary chips with ASIC chips that consume less power.

l Uses high-efficiency power modules.

l Supports intelligent adjustment of the fan speed that dissipates heat in a timely manner,reduces power consumption, and minimizes noise.

l Shuts down idle FE/GE ports and SFP optical modules.

2.18 Environmental ProtectionThe OptiX RTN 950 is designed to meet or exceed environmental protection requirements. Theproduct complies with the RoHS directive.

l The OptiX RTN 950 undergoes a compulsory packing process that limits the size of thepackage containing the equipment and accessories to three times that of the equipmentdimensions.



32

l The product is designed for easy unpacking. In addition, all hazardous substances containedin the packaging decompose quickly.

l Every plastic component that weighs over 25 g is labeled according to the standards of ISO11469 and ISO 1043-1 to ISO 1043-4. All components and packages of the equipment areprovided with standard labels for recycling.

l Plugs and connectors are easy to find and the associated operations can be performed usingstandard tools.

l All the accompanying materials (such as labels) are easy to remove. Certain types ofidentifying information (such as silkscreens) are printed on the front panel or chassis.



33

3 Product StructureAbout This Chapter

This chapter describes the system architecture, hardware architecture, and software architectureof the product, in addition to how the system processes service signals.

3.1 System ArchitectureThe OptiX RTN 950 has a single-plane (TDM) or a dual-plane (TDM/Packet) systemarchitecture depending on the type of system control, cross-connect, and timing boards that areconfigured.

3.2 Hardware StructureThe OptiX RTN 950 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU 950 and the ODU.An ODU is connected to the IDU 950 through an IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF servicesignals and the O&M signals of the ODU and also supplies -48 V DC power to the ODU.

3.3 Software StructureThe OptiX RTN 950 software consists of the NMS software, IDU software, and ODU software.

3.4 Service Signal Processing FlowThe flows for transmitting the SDH/PDH microwave signals, Hybrid microwave signals, andpacket microwave signals are different.

OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission SystemProduct Description 3 Product Structure


34

3.1 System ArchitectureThe OptiX RTN 950 has a single-plane (TDM) or a dual-plane (TDM/Packet) systemarchitecture depending on the type of system control, cross-connect, and timing boards that areconfigured.

3.1.1 TDM Single-Plane System ArchitectureWhen the OptiX RTN 950 houses the CST board, the system architecture is TDM single-plane.

In the single-plane (TDM) system architecture, the OptiX RTN 950 consists of a series offunctional units, including the service interface unit, timeslot cross-connect unit, IF unit, controlunit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit, and ODU.

Figure 3-1 Block diagram (TDM single-plane)

Sync/Async dataExternal alarm

IF unit

ODU

STM-1

-48V/-60V DC

IDU

Timeslotcross-

connect unit

VC-4signal

Orderwire

Serviceinterface

unitControl and

overhead bus

Fanunit

Clockunit

Controlunit

Auxiliaryinterface

unit

Powerunit

Clock interface NM data

VC-4signal

IF signal

RFsignal

Antenna

E1

FE

NOTE

With the EoSDH/EoPDH function, Ethernet services can be transmitted over SDH/PDH microwave.

Table 3-1 Functional unit (TDM single-plane)

Functional Unit Function

Service interfaceunit

l Transmits/Receives E1 signals.l Transmits/Receives STM-1 signals.l Transmits/Receives Ethernet signals, and uses the EoSDH/EoPDH

function to encapsulate Ethernet services into SDH or E1 signals.



35


Timeslot cross-connect unit

Provides the cross-connect function and grooms TDM services.

IF unit l Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and demapsmicrowave frame signals to service signals.

l Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and IFanalog signals.

l Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the ODU.l Supports FEC.

Control unit l Provides the system communications and control.l Provides the system configuration and management.l Collects alarms and monitors performance.l Processes overheads.

Clock unit l Traces the clock source signal and provides various clock signalsfor the system.

l Provides the input/output interface for external clock signals.

Auxiliary interfaceunit

l Provides the orderwire interface.l Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data interface.l Provides the external alarm input/output interface.

Power unit l Gains access to -48 V/-60 V DC power.l Provides DC power for the IDU.l Provides -48 V DC power for the ODU.

Fan unit Provides air cooling for the IDU.

3.1.2 TDM/Packet Dual-Plane System ArchitectureWhen the OptiX RTN 950 houses the CSH board, the system architecture is TDM/Packet dual-plane.

In the TDM/Packet dual-plane system architecture, the OptiX RTN 950 consists of a series offunctional units, including the service interface unit, timeslot cross-connect unit, packetswitching unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit, andODU.



36

Figure 3-2 Block diagram (TDM/Packet dual-plane)

Sync/Async dataExternal alarm

Packetswitching unit

IF unit

ODU

E1(TDM/ATM)

-48V/-60V DC

IDU

Ethernet

Ethernetsignal

Timeslotcross-

connectunit

VC-4signal

Orderwire

Serviceinterface

unit

Control andoverhead bus

Fanunit

Clockunit

Controlunit

Auxiliaryinterface

unit

Powerunit

External clockinterface

NM data

Ethernetsignal

VC-4signal

IF signal

RFsignal

Antenna

STM-1

Table 3-2 Functional unit (TDM/Packet dual-plane)


Service interfaceunit

l Transmits/Receives TDM E1 signals.l Transmits/Receives ATM/IMA E1 signals.l Transmits/Receives STM-1 signals.l Transmits/Receives Ethernet signals.l Uses the EoSDH/EoPDH function to encapsulate Ethernet services

into SDH or E1 signals.l Performs E1/ATM/Ethernet service emulation based on PWE3.

Timeslot cross-connect unit

Provides the cross-connect function and grooms TDM services.

Packet switchingunit

l Processes Ethernet services and forwards packets.l Processes MPLS labels and forwards packets.l Processes PW labels and forwards packets.



37


IF unit l Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and demapsmicrowave frame signals to service signals.

l Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and IFanalog signals.

l Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the ODU.l Supports FEC.

Control unit l Provides the system communications and control.l Provides the system configuration and management.l Collects alarms and monitors performance.l Processes overheads.

Clock unit l Traces the clock source signal and provides various clock signalsfor the system.

l Supports input and output of one external clock signal.

Auxiliary interfaceunit

l Provides the orderwire interface.l Provides the synchronous/asynchronous data interface.l Provides the external alarm input/output interface.

Power unit l Gains access to -48 V/-60 V DC power.l Provides DC power for the IDU.l Provides -48 V DC power for the ODU.

Fan unit Provides air cooling for the IDU.

3.2 Hardware StructureThe OptiX RTN 950 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU 950 and the ODU.An ODU is connected to the IDU 950 through an IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF servicesignals and the O&M signals of the ODU and also supplies -48 V DC power to the ODU.

3.2.1 IDUThe IDU 950 is the indoor unit for the OptiX RTN 950.

The IDU 950 uses a card plug-in design. It implements different functions by configuringdifferent types of boards. All service boards support hot swapping.



38

Figure 3-3 IDU slot layout

Slot9

(PIU)

Slot 7 (CST/CSH)

Slot 1 (EXT)

Slot 5 (EXT)

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