overview of australian indigenous health status 2011
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Overview of Australian Indigenous health status 2011. Key facts. Indigenous population. At 30 June 2011, the estimated Australian Indigenous population was 575,552. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
©2012 Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 1©2012 Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet
Overview of Australian Indigenous health status
2011Key facts
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Indigenous populationAt 30 June 2011, the estimated Australian Indigenous population was 575,552. NSW had the highest number of Indigenous people (168,773, 29% of the total Indigenous population); the NT had the highest proportion of Indigenous people in its population (30% of NT population are Indigenous).In 2006, the majority of Indigenous people lived in cities and towns; around one quarter of Indigenous people lived in remote or very remote areas.The Indigenous population is much younger than the non-Indigenous population.
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Indigenous births and pregnancy outcome
In 2010, there were 16,129 births registered in Australia with one or both parents identified as Indigenous (4% of all births registered).In 2010, Indigenous mothers were younger than non-Indigenous mothers; the median age was 24.6 years for Indigenous mothers and 30.7 years for non-Indigenous mothers.In 2010, the total fertility rates were 2,575 births per 1,000 for Indigenous women and 1,886 births per 1,000 for all women.
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In 2008, the average birthweight of babies born to Indigenous mothers was 3,196 grams, 189 grams less than the average for babies born to non-Indigenous mothers.In 2008, the proportion of babies of low birthweight born to Indigenous women was twice that of babies born to non-Indigenous women (12.3% compared with 5.9%).
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Indigenous mortalityIn 2004-2008, the age-standardised death rate for Indigenous people was 1.8 times the rate for non-Indigenous people.Between 1991 and 2008, there was a 25% reduction in the death rates of Indigenous people in WA, SA and the NT.For Indigenous people born 2005-2007, life expectancy was estimated to be 67.2 years for males and 72.9 years for females, around 10 years less than the estimates for non-Indigenous males and females.In 2006-2010, age-specific death rates were higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people across all age-groups, and were much higher in the young and middle adult years.
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For 2008-2010, the infant mortality rate was higher for Indigenous infants than for non-Indigenous infants; the rate for Indigenous infants was highest in the NT.From 1991 to 2008, there were significant declines in infant mortality rates for Indigenous and other infants.For 2004-2008, the leading causes of death among Indigenous people were cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease.In 2003-2005, maternal mortality ratios were 2.7 times higher for Indigenous women than for non-Indigenous women.
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Indigenous hospitalisationIn 2009-10, around 3.9% of all hospitalisations were of Indigenous people.In 2009-10, the age-standardised separation rate for Indigenous people was 2.4 times higher than that for other people.In 2009-10, the main cause of hospitalisation for Indigenous people was ICD ‘factors influencing health status and contact with health services’ (around 48% of hospital separations), followed by injury (7.4% of hospital separations).
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Cardiovascular diseaseIn 2004-2005, 12% of Indigenous people reported having a long-term heart or related condition; after age-adjustment, these conditions were around 1.3 times more common for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people.In 2008-09, Indigenous people were hospitalised for cardiovascular disease at 1.9 times the rate of non-Indigenous people.In 2004-2008, cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death among Indigenous people, accounting for 27% of Indigenous deaths.
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CancerIn 2003-2007, the age-adjusted cancer incidence rates were lower for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people. In 2003-2007, most common cancers diagnosed among Indigenous people were lung and breast cancer.In 2004-2008, death rates for cancer were higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people (1.2 times higher for males and 1.5 times higher for females).
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DiabetesIn 2004-2005, after age-adjustment, Indigenous people were 3.4 times more likely than non-Indigenous people to report having some form of diabetes.In 2006-2008, after age-adjustment, hospitalisation rates for diabetes among Indigenous males and females were 3.4 and 5.0 times the rates of other males and females.In 2004-2005, Indigenous people died from diabetes at almost seven times the rate of other Australians.
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Social and emotional wellbeingIn 2008, 79% of Indigenous people aged 18 years and over experienced at least one significant stressor in the previous 12 months; the comparable figure for the total population was 62% in 2010. In 2008, after age-adjustment, Indigenous people were more than two-and-a-half times as likely as non-Indigenous people to feel high or very high levels of psychological distress.In 2008-09, after age-adjustment, Indigenous people were hospitalised for ICD ‘mental and behavioural disorders’ at almost twice the rate of non-Indigenous people.In 2005-2009, Indigenous people died from intentional self-harm at 2.5 times the rate of non-Indigenous people.
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Kidney healthIn 2009-10, care involving dialysis was the most common reason for hospitalisation among Indigenous people; Indigenous people were hospitalised at 11 times the rate of other people.In 2007-2009, after age-adjustment, the notification rate of end-stage renal disease was almost 10 times higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people.In 2004-2008, the age-standardised death rate from kidney disease was 5.1 times higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people.
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InjuryIn 2009-10, Indigenous people were hospitalised for injuries at almost twice the rate of other people.In 2004-2008, injury was the third most common cause of death among Indigenous people, accounting for 15% of Indigenous deaths.
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Respiratory diseaseIn 2004-2005, 27% of Indigenous people reported having a respiratory condition, with 15% having asthma; after age-adjustment, the levels of respiratory disease were similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people.In 2006-2008, the age-standardised hospitalisation rates for respiratory disease were 2.6 times higher for Indigenous people than for other people.In 2004-2008, the age-standardised death rate for respiratory diseases was 2.3 times higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people.
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Eye healthIn 2004-2005, eye and sight problems were reported by 30% of Indigenous people.In 2008, the rate of blindness for Indigenous adults was 6.2 times higher than for non-Indigenous adults.
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Ear healthThe level of ear disease and hearing loss among Indigenous people remained higher than that of the general population, particularly among children and young adults.
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Oral healthIn 2000-2003, Indigenous children had more caries in their deciduous and permanent teeth than did non-Indigenous children, and higher levels of gingivitis.In 2004-2006, periodontal diseases and caries were more prevalent among Indigenous adults than among non-Indigenous adults.
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DisabilityIn 2008, after age-adjustment, Indigenous people were more than twice as likely as non-Indigenous people to have a profound/core activity restriction.
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Communicable diseasesIn 2003-2007, the age-standardised incidence rate of tuberculosis was 14.8 times higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people.In 2008-2010, the crude hepatitis B and C notification rates were 2.2 and 5.1 times higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people.In 2003-2006, the age-standardised notification rate for Haemophilus influenza type b was 8.8 times higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people.In 2006-2008, the age-standardised rate of invasive pneumococcal disease was 7.3 times higher for Indigenous people than for other Australians.
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In 2003-2006, the age-standardised notification rate of meningococcal disease was 2.7 times higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people.In 2008-2010, sexually transmissible infections were more common among Indigenous people than among non-Indigenous people; gonorrhoea notifications were 50 times higher.In 2010, the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. In some remote Indigenous communities, more than 70% of young children had scabies and pyoderma.
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NutritionIn 2004-2005, the majority of Indigenous people reported eating fruit (86%) and vegetables (95%) on a daily basis.In 2004-2005, 13% of Indigenous people reported having no usual daily fruit intake (compared with 7% of non-Indigenous people), and 5% reported no usual daily vegetable intake (compared with 1% of non-Indigenous people).
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Physical activityIn 2004-2005, after age-adjustment, 51% of Indigenous people in non-remote areas reported low or very low levels of physical activity, compared with 33% of non-Indigenous people.
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BodyweightIn 2004-2005, after age-adjustment, the level of obesity/overweight was 1.2 times higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people.
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ImmunisationIn 2004-2005, 88% of Indigenous children 0-6 years in non-remote areas were fully immunised against the recommended vaccine-preventable diseases.
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BreastfeedingIn 2004-2005, 84% of Indigenous mothers reported having breastfed their children.
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Tobacco smokingIn 2010, after age-adjustment, daily smoking was 2.2 times more common among Indigenous people than among non-Indigenous people (38% compared with 18%).
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Alcohol useIn 2008, 35% of Indigenous people aged 15 years or older abstained from alcohol, a level of abstinence more than 2.5 times that of the Australian population aged 15 years or older in 2007-08.In 2004-2005, 8% of Indigenous people aged 18 years or older consumed alcohol at a ‘high risk’ level, compared with 6% of their non-Indigenous counterparts.In 2006-2008, Indigenous people were hospitalised for a diagnosis related to alcohol use at a rate 4.2 times that of non-Indigenous people.In 2004-2008, the death rate from alcohol-related causes was 6.3 times higher for Indigenous people than for non-Indigenous people.
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Illicit drug useIn 2008, Indigenous people aged 15 years or older were 1.6 times more likely than non-Indigenous people aged 14 years or older to have used an illicit substance in the previous 12 months.