owif;pof - ibiblio.org · jrefrrrmedkifihvgwfvyfonfhowif;at*sifpd owif;pof ( 15-1-99...

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tD&wfwkd@. =oZmv$rf;rkd;r_tm;uef@owf&ef qkH;jzwfcsufonf tar&duef OD;aqmifonfh odrf;ykdufxm;r_tm;qef@usifr_rsm; ykdrkdwkd;yGm;vmaprnfomjzpfonf[k ajym=um;cJh+yD; odrf;ykdufa&;tm%mykdiftzG@Jtm; t}uHay;&ef aumifpDtzJG@0ifrsm; a&G;cs,fcGifhudk cGifhrðyjcif;

EdkifiHa&;vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif tD&wfjynfolrsm;. yg0ifcGifhudktar&dueftpdk;&u uef@owfae

ta&S@tv,fykdif;ta&; &wufrat;bG,f

ZGef/ (15)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢ZGef/ (15)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢ZGef/ (15)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢ZGef/ (15)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢ZGef/ (15)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢“tpkd;&tzGJ@rSm ygwDwckyJ yg&vdrfh

r,f”qkdonfh 0ef}uD;csKyf xyfpif&SDem0gx&m. rSwfcsufESifhywfoufI ZGefv(13)&ufESifh (14)&ufae@u befaumufòrd@ae jynfol (1200)tm; ppfwrf;aumuf,l=unfh&m (58³3)µu xkdif;EkdifiH[m 'DtwGuf tqifoifhrjzpfao;ygbl;/'g[m 'Drkdua&pD enf;rusygbl;/ rdom;pkaqGrsKd;aumif;pm;a&;0g'eJ@ t*wd vkdufpm;r_awGukdyJ wkd;yGm;vmaprSm jzpfygw,f[k trsm;pku ajym=um;cJhonf?

ppfwrf;aumuf,lcsuft& wkH@jyefol (21)µ u wygwDtpkd;&qkd&if ykd+yD;aumif;aumif;tkyfcsKyfEkdifw,f/ 'DtwGufxkdif;EkdifiH[m tqifoifhjzpfae+yD[k ajym=um;+yD;/ (9)µurl 'DtwGuf raocsma=umif;/ xkdif;EkdifiHa&;onf rwnf+idrfa=umif;ESifh wjznf;jznf;csif; ajymif;vJoifha=umif; ajym=um;cJhonf?

ae&m (300)ausmf&zkd@eJ@ wygwD pkd;rkd;wJhtpkd;&tzJG@jzpfzkd@ ar#mfvifhygw,f/ 'grSomtpkd;&[m ykdrkdwnf+idrf+yD; pD;yGm;a&;bufrSm ,kH=unfr_ ykdwkd;vmrSmjzpfygw,f[kxkdif;&wfxkdif;ygwD. ajyma&;qkdcGifh&SdolSuranant Vijjajiva u ygwDwGif; pmwrf;zwfyJGwckwGif ajym=um;cJhonf?

,cif 'Drkdu&ufygwDacgif;aqmifc|efvdykdiftm; xkdif;&wfxkdif;ygwDESifh yl;aygif;vkdpdwf &Sdr&Sd ar;jref;=unfh&mwGiftwkduftcHygwDtaeeJ@ quf+yD; &yfwnfvkdovm;qkdwmuawmh ygwD&J@ qkH;jzwfcsufyJ jzpfygw,f[k ‚u ajym=um;cJhonf? “wu,fvkd@ 'Drkdu&ufawGtaeeJ@tpkd;&tzJG@xJrSm ygcsifw,fqkd&ifawmhwjcm;ygwDawGeJ@ yl;aygif;&vdrfhr,f” [k‚u ajym=um;cJhonf?

tajccHOya't&qkdv#if ygvDreftrwfrsm;onf EkdifiHa&;ygwDwck. tzJG@0ifjzpf&rnfjzpf+yD; ygwDwckwGif tenf;qkH; &ufaygif;(90)=um vkyfukdifzl;oljzpf&rnfqkdonfhtwGufa=umifh xkdif;&wfxkdif;ygwDESifh yl;aygif;vkdaom tjcm;ygwDrS ygvDreftrwfrsm;onf ,cktcsdefrSp+yD; aemufESpf pufwifbmvtxd TuJhokd@ vkyfaqmif&rnf[k ql&meef@u ajym=um;cJhonf? Ð

wygwDtpkd;&tm; trsm;jynfol rESpfoufrdom;pk aqGrsdK;aumif;pm;a&;0g'omjzpf

ZGef/ (13)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢ZGef/ (13)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢ZGef/ (13)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢ZGef/ (13)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢ZGef/ (13)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢okH;v=um ul;pufjyef@yGm;+yD;aemuf

urBmhqm;pfa&m*gjzpfyGm;r_ tqkH;owfvkeD;+yDjzpfa=umif;/ okd@aomf a&m*gykd;rsm; tvsiftjref jyefvnfjzpfyGm;vdrfhrnfr[kwfqkdonfukdrl tmr rcHa=umif;urBmhusef;rma&;tzJG@csKyfu ajym=um;cJhonf?

“a&m*gjzpfyGm;r_tajctaeawGt&=unfhr,fqkd&if tqkH;owfawmhr,fqkdwm awG@ae&yg+yD”[k WHO . a'oqkdif&m t}uHay;jzpfol [Dwkd&SD tkd&SDwmeDu ajym=um;cJhonf?

“usaemfwkd@taeeJ@ qm;pfa&m*gb,fvkdjzpfyGm;w,f/ 'grSr[kwf vlawGqDukd b,fvkdul;pufjyef@yGm;w,f qkdwmukdawmh tckxd aoaocsmcsm rodao;ygbl;/ 'ga=umifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_awGukdawmh rayghqoifhbl;”[k WHO

. ul;pufa&m*gESifhywfouf+yD; u|rf;usifol wm0efcH a';Apfa[;ref;u ajym=um;cJhonf?

WHO rS xkwfjyefaom pm&if;rsm;t& wurBmvkH;wGif qm;pfa&m*gul;pufcH&olaygif;(8400)ausmf&Sd+yD; aoqkH;ol(750)ausmf &Sda=umif; od&Sd&onf? Ð

qm;pfa&m*g tqkH;owfvkeD;_yDurBmŒ usef;rma&;tzJGŒ csKyf ajym-um;

(okd@r[kwf) tD&wfwkd@tm; vwfwavmwm0efray;&ef qkH;jzwfxm;onfh tdrfjzLawmf. qkH;jzwfcsuftm; a0zefcJhonf?

“tD&wfEkdifiHa&;jzpfpOfukd csufcsif;vrf;yGifhvmap&r,f”[k rpPwmcsmvmbDu ajym=um;cJhonf?

“tar&dueftkyfcsKyfa&;rª; aygb&ifrm; a&G;cs,fwJh t}uHay;tzGJ@[mtD&wfjynfolawGukd,fwkdif a&G;cs,fwJht}uHay;tzJG@xuf ykd+yD; jynfolawGukdukd,fpm;ðyrSm r[kwfygbl;”[k ‚uajym=um;cJhonf?

tar&duef. odrf;ykdufa&;t,ltqtm; jyefvnfjyifqif&ef vkdtyfa=umif;ESifh tD&wfwkd@. twkdif;tq}uD;rm;aom pGrf;tifrsm;tm; umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef tiftm;(25000)&SdonfhtD&wfvkHòcHa&;wyfzGJ@ xlaxmifay;&efbk&SftkyfcsKyfa&;,EW&m;tm; awmif;qkd

a=umif; csmvmbDu ajym=um;cJhonf?+yD;cJhonf &ufowWywfu u|ef;qG,fwkdufckdufr_[k trnfay;xm;onfh ppfqifa&;wGif tD&wf(27)OD; towfcHcJh&a=umif; owif;rsm;t& od&onf?

“ckcHr_rsm;tm;ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;zdk@tD&wfrSm tar&duefwyftiftm;tvkHtavmuf&Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ppfqifa&; qufvufvkyfaepOftwGif;rSmawmh b,f tar&duefppfom;awGukdrStdrfukd jyefac:rSm r[kwfygbl;”[k AkdvfcsKyf}uD; rufuD,meefu tckdiftrmajymqkdcJhonf?

“tar&duefwyfzJG@awGtay: wkdufckdufr_awG[m quf'rfukd opPmcHaeqJjzpfwJh tiftm;pkawGu a'otwkdif;twmt& pepfwus jyifqifvkyfaqmifaeykHay:w,f/ olwkd@ae&mukd rod&bl;” [kvnf; ‚u ajym=um;cJhonf? Ð

0ef}uD;csKyf. rSwfcsuftay: rnfuJhokd@ em;vnfovJ[k ar;jref;=unfh&mwGif (39³4)µu xyfpifonf tºuif;rJhtm%mvkdcsifaeonf[k ,kH=unfa=umif;/(17³9)µu ‚taejzifh tjcm;ygwDrsm;tm; xkdif;&wfxkdif;ygwDokd@ yl;aygif;yg0ifvmap&ef &nf&G,fa=umif;ESifh (16³1)µu EkdifiHa&;pepf ajymif;csif\kHoufoufyJjzpfygw,f[k ajym=um;cJh=uonf?

EkdifiHa&;e,fy,ftay: xif[yfcsufESifhywfouf+yD; ar;jref;=unfh&mwGif(43)µu EkdifiHa&;rSm jynfolawG ykd+yD;pdwf0ifpm;vmvdrfhr,f[kvnf;aumif;/(23³2)µu xda&mufr_&SdrSm r[kwfygbl;[kvnf;aumif;/ (19³9)µu EkdifiHa&;upm;wm oufoufyJ[kvnf;aumif;/(13³7)µu t*wdvkdufpm;r_awG ykdrsm;vmaprSmyJ[kvnf;aumif; qdk=uonf?

aemufa&G;aumufyJGrSm xkdif;&wfxkdif;ygwDtaeeJ@ v$wfawmfxJrSm trwf

'g[m æ rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd;aumif;pm;a&;0g'eJ@'g[m æ rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd;aumif;pm;a&;0g'eJ@'g[m æ rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd;aumif;pm;a&;0g'eJ@'g[m æ rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd;aumif;pm;a&;0g'eJ@'g[m æ rdom;pk/ aqGrsKd;aumif;pm;a&;0g'eJ@

t*wdvkdufpm;r_awGom rsm;vmaprSmyJ[k trsm;pkut*wdvkdufpm;r_awGom rsm;vmaprSmyJ[k trsm;pkut*wdvkdufpm;r_awGom rsm;vmaprSmyJ[k trsm;pkut*wdvkdufpm;r_awGom rsm;vmaprSmyJ[k trsm;pkut*wdvkdufpm;r_awGom rsm;vmaprSmyJ[k trsm;pku

olwkd@. xifjrifcsuftm; ppfwrf;aumuf,l&mwGif ajym=um;cJh æ æ?olwkd@. xifjrifcsuftm; ppfwrf;aumuf,l&mwGif ajym=um;cJh æ æ?olwkd@. xifjrifcsuftm; ppfwrf;aumuf,l&mwGif ajym=um;cJh æ æ?olwkd@. xifjrifcsuftm; ppfwrf;aumuf,l&mwGif ajym=um;cJh æ æ?olwkd@. xifjrifcsuftm; ppfwrf;aumuf,l&mwGif ajym=um;cJh æ æ?udkzDtmeefukvor*~

taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf

ZGef/ (15)&uf?ZGef/ (15)&uf?ZGef/ (15)&uf?ZGef/ (15)&uf?ZGef/ (15)&uf? ¡onfae;&Sif;¢¡onfae;&Sif;¢¡onfae;&Sif;¢¡onfae;&Sif;¢¡onfae;&Sif;¢aom=umae@u b*~'uftusOf;

axmifrS xGufajy;&ef óud;yrf;cJhr_tm;tar&duefppfom;rsm;u ypfcwfzrf;qD;&m tD&wftusOf;om;wOD; aoqkH;+yD; (7)OD;'%f&m&&Sda=umif; tar&duefwyfrawmfu ajym=um;cJhonf?

r=umao;rDuvnf; qD;&D;,m;e,fpyfteD; oJuEWm& avhusifha&;pcef;wGifwkdufckdufa&;orm; (82)OD;tm; tar&duefwyfzJG@rsm;u ypfowfcJhonf[k teD;tem;&GmrS rlqvifvlrsKd; tDrefu ,refae@wGif ajym=um;cJhonf?

Ð Ð Ð

ppfyGJt_yD; tD&wf



1947 ckESpfu txufjrefrmEdkifiHrSm pnf;\kH;a&;c&D;oGm;+yD;wJhaemufrSmazazuae+yD;awmh rkH&Gmudk a&mufcJhygw,f? tJvdk rkH&Gmudk a&mufwJhtwGufpnf;\kH;a&;c&D;uvJ enf;enf;yef;vmwJhtcgusawmh rkH&Gmudka&mufwJhtcgrSmrkH&Gmu zqyvtzJG@csKyfuae+yD;awmholwkd@taeeJ@ em;em;aeaeaexdkifzkd@twGufpDpOfvdkufygw,f? pDpOfwJhtcgawmhazazu b,fvdkajymvJqkdawmh rkH&GmuuG,f vdrRmw,fvdk@ ajymw,fwJh? usrwdk@ ajym&rSmu rkH&Gmu vdrRmw,fvdk@ajymr,fhtpm; rkH&Gmu cdkifrmw,fvdk@usr ajymcsifygw,f? (=obmoHrsm;)

bmjzpfvdk@vJqkdawmh rkH&Gmu 1988ckESpfeJ@ rxl;bJ/ rxl;jcm;em;bJ cdkifckdifrmrm&yfwnfaew,f? ydk+yD;awmhawmifrS ckdifrmw,fqkdwm usrwkd@ jrif&ygw,f? (=obmoHrsm;)

ydk+yD;ckdifrmvmwJhta=umif;udk usrpOf;pm;vdkufawmh 'g usrxifwmaemf?usrwkd@ jynfolvlxku rw&m;wmudkróudufbl;? tEkdifusifhwmudk róudufbl;?(=obmoHrsm;)

usrwkd@udk/ usrwkd@tzJG@csKyfudk tckusr 'Dpnf;\Hka&;ayghaemf/ ucsifjynfe,f/t"duuawmh ucsifjynfe,fpnf;\kH;a&;c&D;pOfaygh? csif;jynfe,ftxd a&mufvmawmh usrwdk@uvJ ppfudkif;wkdif;/ rauG;wkdif;/ rEWav;wkdif;rSm 0if+yD;awmh wcsKd@òrd@e,fawGrSm usrwkd@0ifvdkufr,fqkd+yD;awmh qkH;jzwf+yD;awmh c&D;pOfxJrSm xnfhwmjzpfygw,f? tJ'Dawmh 'Ducsifjynfe,fc&D;pOf puwnf;uyJ usrwdk@&J@vkyfief;awGudk zsufvdkzsufqD;/ EkdifhxufpD;eif;eJ@}uH@cdkifzHG@òzd;a&;tzGJ@u trsKd;rsKd;vkyfcJhygw,f? tJ'Dawmh 'D[mawGudk usrwkd@trsm;}uD; onf;nnf;cHcJhygw,f? qENjywmawmh wu,fawmh vlwkdif;vlwkdif;rSmqENjyykdifcGifh&Sd&r,fqkdwm usrwkd@&J@ t,ltq/ usrwdk@&J@,kH=unfcsufyJ? tm%mydkifawGtaeeJ@ wu,fyJ vlwkdif;vlwkdif;rSm qENjyykdifcGifh&Sd&r,fqkdwm ,kH=unf&ifvlwkdif;vlwkdif;udk qENjyydkifcGifhay;&r,f?(rSefygw,f/ rSefygw,f/ =obmoHrsm;)

'gayr,fhvdk@ txl;tcGifhta&;taeeJ@ }uH@ckdifzHG@òzd;a&;tzJG@udk qENjyykdifcGifhay;wmudkawmh xm;vdkufygawmh/ usrwkd@'gudk bmrSodyf+yD;awmh rajymvdkygbl;?'gayr,fh wu,fhrSefuefwJh qENjyjcif;awmh r[kwfygbl;? wcsKd@jynfolawGtwif;t=uyf rvdkufrae&qkd+yD;awmhac:vm+yD;awmh qENjyckdif;wmawGvJ&Sdygw,f? (=obmoHrsm;)

tJ'gtjyifrSm usrwkd@uvJ bmrSrwkH@jyefygbl;/ bmrSrwkH@jyefbl;? usr

wkd@taeeJ@ tm%mydkifawGudk today;w,f? 'DvdkyJ }uH@ckdifzHG@òzd;a&;tzJG@uw&m;Oya'eJ@ rnDwJhudpPawGudk vkyfaeygw,fqkdayr,fhvJ tm%mydkifawGuta&;r,lbl;? ta&;r,lawmh tm%mydkifawGu olwkd@vufrSm &Sdw,fqkdwJhoabmxm;eJ@/ usrwdk@uvJ bmrS rwkH@jyefbl;qkdwmudk odaeawmh 'D }uHŒckdifzHG@òzd;a&;tzJG@uvJ wpxufwp ydk+yD;awmhqkd;vmw,f? wpxufwp ydk+yD;awmhqkd;vmw,fqkdwmu usrwkd@ 'D rwW&mudk/ pOfhul;ukdvmwJhtcgrSm usnfawmufayguf&GmrSmusawmh wkwfawG/ "m;awG/avmufav;*GawGeJ@ usrwkd@&JŒ tzJG@awGudk/ usrwkd@udk axmufcHwJholawGudk &rf;um;vmwJhtxdjzpfvmw,f? 'gayr,fhusrwkd@ b,fvdkrSrwkH@jyefygbl;? &Jpcef;rSmyJ tr_zGifhvdkufygw,f? bmjzpfvdk@vJqkdawmh usrwkd@u 'DEkdifiHrSm Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;&Sdovm; r&Sdovm;qkdwm aoaocsmcsmodcsifvdk@? r&Sd&ifvJ oufaoeJ@ aoaocsmcsm od&atmif? (=obmoHrsm;)

'Dawmh aemufwae@usawmh rwW&mrSmusawmh xyf+yD;awmh wqifhwkd;+yD;awmh usrwkd@udk aESmifh,SufwJhtaeeJ@usrwkd@tzJG@csKyf\kH;xJrSm/ usrwkd@ tzJG@csKyf&J@ y&0k%ftwGif;xJrSm usrwdk@vli,fzJG@pnf;a&;vkyfaecsdefrSm y&dowf/ tJ'DutzJG@csKyfu +cHu awmfawmfus,fygw,f?tck 'Duae [dkbuf +cHpnf;\kd;avmuf&Sdr,f? tJ'Dawmh y&dowfuvJ +cHxJrSmyJ&Sdw,f? wcsKd@uvJ+cHtjyifrSm/ vrf; [dkbufrSm&Sdw,f? tJ'DvdktcsdefrSm 'D }uH@ckdifzHG@òzd;a&;tzJG@u um;awGeJ@ atmfvH}uD;awGeJ@vm+yD;awmh [dkæ usrwkd@udk aESmifh,Suf&efpwJhoabmeJ@ vkyfvmw,f? vkyf

vmawmh usrwkd@vJ bmrSrvkyfygbl;?'DvdkyJ ukd,fh[mudk,f qufvkyfaewkef;/'DavmufawmifrS tEkdifusifhwmudk =unfhr&wJh oHCmawmfawGuae+yD;awmhaxmfvm*sDeJ@vm+yD;awmh avmufav;*GeJ@ypfawmhrSyJ 'Dum;awG xGufoGm;w,f?(=obmoHrsm;)

tJ'Dawmh usrwdk@jrifwmuawmhoHCmawmfawGuvJ 'Dvdk wbufowftEkdifusifhaewmudk =unfhr&awmhvkd@ vkyfwmyJ? (=obmoHrsm;)

'g w&m;r#wr_ r&Sdwmudk/ w&m;r#wr_ r&Sdwmudk vufrcHEkdifvdk@ 'DvdkvkyfwmyJ? aemuf+yD;awmhvJ usrwkd@ tzJG@csKyftay:rSm u\k%moufvdk@ vkyfwmyJ?wu,f wbufowfcHae&w,fqkd+yD;awmh/ tJ'Dawmh tckusrwkd@ 'Dudk rkH&GmudkvmwJhtcgrSmvJ usrwkd@=um;wmayghav?ppfudkif;wkdif;rSm b,fvdk/ }uH@ckdifzHG@òzd;a&;tzJG@awGudk b,fvdk pkaqmif;aew,f?b,fvdkum;}uD;awG b,fESpfpD;eJ@ b,fESpfa,muf ac:vmw,f pojzifh pojzifh?tJæ vrf;rSmvJawG@ygw,f? um;awGa&m/ qENjywJhvlawGa&m um;awGuawmfawmfudk rsm;w,f? wjcm;vlawGawmh um;ydwfxm;w,fvdk@ ajymw,f?um;awG bmawG tckwavm iSm;vdk@r&bl;qkd/ tm;vkH;? (=obmoHrsm;)

'gayr,fh tJ'DtzJG@uawmh um;awGawmfawmf rsm;ygw,f? tJ'Dawmh usrwkd@ rkH&Gmudk0ifvmawmh acsmif;OD;u tpayghav/ usrwkd@ acsmif;OD;u jynfolvlxkua&m/ acsmif;OD;eJ@ rkH&Gm=um;xJu &GmawGu jynfolvlxkua&m wcJeuf usrwkd@udk tm;ay;axmufcHwm[m 'Dvdkrw&m;vkyfwm/ tEkdifusifhwmudk róuduf

vdk@ axmufcHaewmudkvJ trsm;}uD; ygw,fvdk@ usr 'DvdkyJ ,kH=unfygw,f? 'Dawmh usrwkd@ rkH&Gmudk0ifvmawmh acsmif;OD;u tpayghav/ usrwkd@ acsmif;OD;ujynfolvlxkua&m/ acsmif;OD;eJ@ rkH&Gm=um;xJu &GmawGu jynfolvlxkua&m wcJeuf usrwkd@udk tm;ay;axmufcHwm[m'Dvdk rw&m;vkyfwm/ tEkdifusifhwmudkróudufvdk@ axmufcHaewmudkvJ trsm;}uD;ygw,fvdk@ usr 'DvdkyJ ,kH=unfygw,f? (=obmoHrsm;)

usr 'gawGusawmh usr tifrwefrS auseyfygw,f? bmjzpfvdk@vJqkdawmhtajccHtm;jzifh usrwdk@ jynfolvlxk[mrw&m;wJhudpPawG róudufbl;/ tEkdifusifhwmudkrESpfòrd@bl;? cH&wJhbufudkrS u\k%moufw,fqkdwm 'g tifrwefrS aumif;ygw,f? tJ'Dawmh usrwkd@ 'gqkd&if 'Dvdkpdwf"mwfawGukd tajccH+yD;awmh 'Drdkua&pDEkdifiH}uD;wckudk xlaxmif&rSm?

trSefw&m;onf tiftm;/ tiftm;onf trSefw&m; r[kwfbl;qkdwJh ,kH=unfcsufeJ@ usrwkd@&J@ 'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHawmfudk xlaxmifzdk@ vdkygw,f? usrwkd@'Drdkua&pD xlaxmifr,fqkd+yD;awmh ajymaewm[m w&m;Oya'pdk;rkd;a&; &Sdapcsifvdk@/ w&m;r#wjcif; &Sdapcsifvkd@/ b,folurS b,fol@udk w&m;Oya'eJ@ rudkufnDbJeJ@ tEkdifusifhwmawG/ [dk AkdvfuswmawG rvkyfEkdifbl;? tJ'Dawmh tJ'Dvdk tajctae&Sdzkd@twGuf usrwkd@[m jynfolvlxkudk tmrcHcsufay;Edkifr,fh pepfvdkw,f?pepf[m tifrwefrSta&;}uD;ygw,f?usrudk &Hzef&Hcg ar;ygw,f/ pepfeJ@tJæ vleJ@ rleJ@ b,f[m ydk+yD;awmhta&;}uD;vJayghaemf? usrujrifygw,f?

(2)ckpvkH; ta&;}uD;w,f? vlawGub,favmuf awmfawmf/ rlaygh pepfu/pepfu raumif;bl;qkdvdk@&Sd&if 'Draumif;wJh pepfxJrSm awmfwJhvlawG/ aumif;wJhvlawGu EHGxJrSm epfovdk epfaer,f?\kef;vdk@ r&bl;jzpfaer,faemf? (=obmoHrsm;)

usrwkd@ wbufu =unfhvdkufvdk@&Sd&ifvJ pepfu b,favmufaumif;aumif; vlawGu raumif;bl;/ vlawGurawmfbl;qkdvdk@&Sd&if EkdifiHwEkdifiHrSm wkd;wufr_&SdEkdifrSm r[kwfbl;? tJ'Dawmhta&;}uD;wmu pepfu rSefzdk@ aumif;zkd@vJ vdkw,f? vlawGuawmfzdk@ óud;pm;zdk@vJvdkw,f? tJ'Dawmh usrwkd@&JŒjrefrmEkdifiHujynfolvlxk[m 'Dvdk pepfaumif;&wJhtcgrSm EkdifiHwkd;wufzkd@twGuf/ EkdifiHat;csrf;om,mzkd@twGuf vkyfay;EkdifwJh/ t&nftcsif;&SdwJh jynfolvlxkvm;qkd/ usrwkd@okH;oyfvdkufvdk@&Sd&if usrwkd@u 'Dt&nftcsif;eJ@ jynfhpkHw,fvdk@ xifw,f? bmjzpfvdk@ usr 'DvkdxifvJqkdwm ta=umif;u (2)a=umif;aygh?

wa=umif;uawmh t&iforkdif;t&ayghaemf? [dkæ vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;pOfumv acwfwkef;uqkdvdk@&Sd&if usrwdk@EkdifiH[m usrwkd@ ta&S@awmiftm&SrSmqkdvdk@&Sd&if twkd;wufqkH;EkdifiHjzpfw,f? 'gwcsdefwcgwkef;u usrwkd@&J@EkdifiHu EkdifiHol EkdifiHom;awGu usrwdk@a'orSm a&S@ajy;jzpfEkdifavmufatmifudk t&nftcsif;&Sd&if pepfuae+yD;awmh aumif;vdk@&Sd&if'Dvdkt&nftcsif;awG xyf+yD;awmh jyefray:vmp&mta=umif; bmrSr&Sdbl;?aemufwckuvJ tckacwfrSm usrwkd@jrefrmEkdifiHu pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeraumif;wJhtcgusawmh EkdifiH&yfjcm;udkoGm;+yD;awmh rdrdwkd@rdom;pkawGtwGuf[kdæ b0&yfwnfEkdifzkd@twGuf ydkufqH&Sm&w,faygh? oGm;+yD;awmh tvkyfvkyf&w,f? ydkufqH&SmwJhtvkyf vkyf&wJhvlawGawmfawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdw,f/ usrwkd@ EkdifiHrSm? tJ'Dvdk EkdifiH&yfjcm;udk pGef@pGef@pm;pm;oGm;+yD;awmh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;twGuf tvkyfvkyfwJh jrefrmEkdifiHol EkdifiHom;awG[m atmifatmifjrifjrif&Sdw,f?trsm;pku awmfawmfhudk atmifjrifw,f?[dkæ oabFmom;awGqkdvdk@&Sd&if jrefrmoabFmom;awGqkdvdk@&Sd&if wbufuvnf; *k%f,l&w,f/ wbufuvnf;oem;&w,f/ &ifem&w,f? *k%f,l&w,fqkdwm bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh jrefrmoabFmom;awG[m tvkyfodyfvkyfwmyJqkd+yD;awmh EkdifiHjcm;ukr%DawGu oabmusw,f? jrefrmoabFmom;awGqkdvdk@ &Sd

jrefrmh'Drkdua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf29-5-2003 &ufaeŒn

rkH&GmòrŒ qkdif;bkwfwifyJGwGif ajym=um;cJhonfh rdef@cGef;usrwkd@&JŒ tzJG@awGudk/ usrwkd@udk axmufcHwJholawGudk &rf;um;vmwJhtxdjzpfvmw,f?'gayr,fh usrwkd@ b,fvdkrSrwkH@jyefygbl;? &Jpcef;rSmyJ tr_zGifhvdkufygw,f?bmjzpfvdk@vJqkdawmh usrwkd@u 'DEkdifiHrSm Oya'pdk;rdk;a&; &Sdovm;/ r&Sdovm;qkdwmaoaocsmcsm odcsifvdk@? r&Sd&ifvJ oufaoeJ@ aoaocsmcsm od&atmif?

wzufodk@ Ôwzufodk@ Ôwzufodk@ Ôwzufodk@ Ôwzufodk@ Ô



&if iSm;csifw,f? olwkd@twGuf oem;p&m aumif;w,f/ &ifemp&m aumif;w,fqkdwm jrefrmoabFmom;awGub,favmufcdkif;ckdif; ckdif;vdk@vJ&w,f?vcESdrfay;vdk@&Sd&ifvJ ,lw,f? jrefrmEkdifiHu ol@&J@EkdifiHom;awGudk jyef+yD;awmhrumuG,fbl;qkd+yD;awmh vkyfief;&SifawGu jrefrmoabFmom;awGudk tcGifhta&;,lwmrsKd;awG&Sdw,f? (=obmoHrsm;)tJ'Dawmh 'g oabFmom;awGwif r[kwfbl;? wjcm;ae&mawGrSmvJ 'DvdkyJ?

'Dawmh pepfurSefvdk@&Sdvdk@&Sd&if usrwkd@ EkdifiHolEkdifiHom;awG rwkd;wufp&mta=umif;r&Sdbl;qkdwm xif&Sm;ygw,f?(=obmoHrsm;)

'gha=umifh usrwkd@[m 'Dvdk jynfolvlxkudk tcGifhta&;tjynfht0ay;r,fhpepfwckudk xlaxmifzkd@óud;pm;aewmyg?usrwkd@qkdwm jynfolvlxkudk csrf;omatmif vkyfay;r,fhpepfvdk@ tJ'Dvdk rajymygbl;? tcGifhta&; tjynfht0ay;r,fh

awmh qkH;jzwfcsufcsvdkufwJhtcgrS usrwdk@EkdifiH[m wu,fyJat;csrf;oGm;+yDvdk@owfrSwfEkdifrSmyg? tJvdk at;csrf;oGm;+yDqkd&if EkdifiHuvJ at;csrf;r,f/ jynfolvlxkuvJ tcGifhta&;awGudk tjynfht0ay;&r,f? usrwkd@ EkdifiHolEkdifiHom;awGudk,fhtpGrf;tpeJ@ udk,fhudk,fudk csrf;omatmif/ udk,fhwkdif;jynfudk csrf;omatmifvkyfEkdifwJhtcGifhta&;awG trsm;}uD;&rSmyg? 'Dawmh 'Drdkua&pD[m tcGifhta&;ay;wJh pepf/ vkHòcHr_ay;wJhpepf/ vGwfvyfr_ay;wJhpepf/ tJ'D &xm;wJh vGwfvyfr_eJ@/vkHòcHr_eJ@ tcGifhta&;awGabmiftwGif;rSmjynfolvlxku udk,fhEkdifiHwkd;wufatmifudk,fóud;pm;&r,f? wkd;wufatmif óud;pm;csifwJhpdwf"mwf &Sd&r,f? óud;pm;csifwJh t&nftcsif;&Sd&r,f? tJ'Dvdk t&nftcsif;awG&Sdatmifvdk@ EkdifiHawmfu tjynfht0 ulnD&r,f? qkdvdkwmu EkdifiHawmfu tqifhjrifhwJh ynma&;pepf vlawGrSm&Sdatmif vkyfay;&r,f? tqifhjrifhwJhynma&;pepf r&SdbJeJ@ usrwkd@&J@ jynfol

w,f? 'Dvdkvli,fawGawmh 'gawmh usrwkd@ EkdifiHwif r[kwfygbl;? EkdifiHwkdif;vdkvdkrSm &Sdw,faygh? 'gayr,fh usrwkd@vli,ftawmfrsm;rsm;[m EkdifiHa&;pdwf"mwf&Sdw,fqkdwm usrawG@&w,f? EkdifiHa&;pdwf"mwf&SdwmvJ b,folrS roifxm;bJeJ@aemf/ tckacwfqkdvdk@&Sd&if EkdifiHa&;qkdtm;ay;rSm r[kwfbl;? [dk usrwdk@ vGwfvyfa&;acwfwkef;uqkd&if tJ ocifaygufp axmif(6)vqkd+yD;awmh ajcmuf=uw,f? usrwkd@acwfrSmawmh EkdifiHa&;vkyfvdk@ axmif(6)vqkdwm &Dawmif &Dcsifao;w,f? (=obmoHrsm;) axmifu(6)vqdkvdk@&Sd&ifawmh tem;oGm;,lw,fvdk@yJ xif&rSmaygh? tJawmh 'DavmufawmifrS EdkifiHa&;udk tm;ray;wJhacwf?EdkifiHa&;rSm vl}uD;/ vli,fra&G; pdwfr0ifpm;atmif vkyfaewJhacwf}uD;rSm vli,fawG[m EdkifiHa&;pdwf"mwf&Sdvmw,f?vli,fawGu olwdk@udk,folwdk@ EdkifiHa&;pdwf"mwf&SdrSef;awmif od&JŒvm;awmhrodbl;? 'gayr,fh EdkifiHa&;pdwf"mwf

EdkifiHolEdkifiHom;awGudk vHkòcHr_ay;wJhpepfyJ?tckaemufydkif;rSm usrwdk@ rdk;ukwf/

rEWav;/ acsmif;OD;/ rHk&Gm'Dbufydkif;awGa&mufvmwJhtcgusawmh usr=unfhvdkufwJhtcgusawmh usrwdk@&JŒ jynfolvlxkudk'Drdkua&pDeJ@rxdkufwefbl;vdk@ ajymwJhvlawGu jynfolvlxkeJ@ xdawG@r_ vHk;vHk;r&Sdbl; xifw,fvdk@ usr xifw,f? (=obmoHrsm;) usrwdk@jynfol[m 'Drdkua&pDeJ@ xdkufwefw,fqdkwm usrwdk@ ,Hk=unfw,f? 'gayr,fh usrwdk@ 'Drdkua&pD&zdk@qdkwmawmh óud;pm;&rSmyJ? bmrS tvum;r&bl;aemf? vG,fvG,feJ@awmh r&bl;?vG,fvG,feJ@ ay;csifvdk@&Sd&if ay;wm =umvS+yD/ (15)ESpfvHk;vHk;? (&DoHrsm;) 'Dawmh

nHhzsif;vdk@yJjzpfw,f? (=obmoHrsm;) tJ'Dawmh pD;yGm;a&orm;awGqdkwmvJ rdrdwdk@&JŒ Oya'abmiftwGif;rSm rdrdwdk@&JŒ vkyfydkifcGifhawGeJ@ vHkvHkòcHòcHvkyfydkifcGifh&Sd&r,f?tJ'Dvdk&SdwJh pepfrSmrS wdkif;jynf[m pD;yGm;a&;t& wdk;wufEdkifrSm?

'Dawmh usrwdk@ 'Drdkua&pD jrefjrefvdkcsifw,f? b,favmuf jrefjrefvdkcsifovJqdk/ wcsKd@uawmh ajymwmayghaemf/tcsdef,l&r,f/ bmtcsdef,lcsifvJ/ (15)ESpfwm awmfavmuf+yDvdk@ usrxifw,f?(=obmoHrsm;)

'gayr,fh usrwkd@u tjrefqkH; 'Drdkua&pD&atmifvdk@ usrwkd@ óud;pm;aew,f? 'Dóud;pm;wJhae&mrSm jynfolvlxk&JŒaxmufcHr_[m usrwdk@twGuf ta&;}uD;qHk;yJ? 'Drdkua&pD&zdk@uawmh usrwdk@odyf+yD;awmh oHo,jzpfp&mta=umif;r&Sdbl;/ &udk&r,f? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmhjynfolvlxk&JŒqENu tJ'DbufrSm&Sdw,f?'DurBm&J@ ordkif;a&pD;a=umif;u 'Drdkua&pDbufrSm &Sdw,f? urBmhukvor*~eJ@wuG urBmhEdkifiHtrsm;pku jrefrmEdkifiH&JŒ'Drdkua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_ukd axmufcHw,f/tm;ay;=uw,f? 'Dawmh usrwdk@[m'Drdkua&pD &rSm? &wJhtcgusvdk@&Sd&if'Drdkua&pD wnfwHhcdkif+rJatmifvkyfzkd@awmhusruae+yD;awmh rHk&Gmòrd@ol/ òrd@om;rsm;udk owday;csifw,f? bmjzpfvdk@ usr'DvdkajymwmvJqdkawmh rHk&Gmòrd@ol/ òrd@om;rsm;[m usr apmapmuajymovdk cdkifrmw,f/ tiftm;awmifhw,f/ udk,fh&JŒtiftm;udk rSefrSefuefuefokH;zkd@ vdkw,f?'Dtiftm;udk pnf;urf;wuseJ@ rSefrSefuefuef oHk;r,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if usrwdk@EdkifiH[mtjref}uD;wdk;wufvdrfhr,f? 'Drdkua&pDpepfrSm tjref}uD;wdk;wufvdrfhr,f? }uD;rm;wJhtiftm;udk tvGJoHk;pm;vkyfvdk@ &Sd&ifawmh tEW&m,f&Sdwwfygw,f? tJ'ga=umifhrkd@vdk@ usrwdk@&JŒjynfolvlxk[m'Drdkua&pD&wJhtcgusvdk@&Sd&if udk,fhwm0efawGudkvJ odapcsifw,faemf? 'Drdkua&pDqdkwm tcGifhta&;}uD;yJ r[kwfbl;/ wm0efvJ&Sdw,f? 'Drdkua&pDpepf&Sifoefzdk@ qdkwm[m tpOft+rJyJ óud;pm;ae=u&w,f? [dkæ usrwdk@ EdkifiHolEdkifiHom;awG&JŒ tm;enf;csufwckubmvJqdkawmh udpPwckudk p+yD;vdk@ qdkvdk@&Sd&if/ 'grSr[kwf vkyfief;wckudk p+yD;qdkvdk@&Sd&if xdef;odrf;wJhae&mrSm enf;

&Sdw,f? usrwdk@ bmvdk@ &SdvJ ajymvJqdkwm[m 'DtajctaeawGrSm ajymif;vJ&r,fqdkwm em;vnfw,f? ajymif;vJr_udk vdkvm;w,f? aemuf+yD;awmhvJrjzpfoifhwmawG jzpfaewm? rw&m;wJhudpPawGjzpfaewmudk vHk;0rauseyfbl;?tJ'ga=umifh usrajymaewm? (=obmoHrsm;)

apmapmu usrajymovdkaygh? usrwdk@udk jynfolvlxkuae+yD;awmh usrwdk@tzGJ@csKyf&JŒ vkyfief;pOf/ usrwkd@tzGJ@csKyf&J@rlawGudk oabmusvdk@ axmufcHwmqdk&ifvJ usrwkd@ oabmuswmyJ? tJvdkaxmufcHr_qdk&if usrwdk@óudqdkw,f? 0rf;omw,f? 'gayr,fh 'Drw&m;r_udkróudufvdk@ usrwdk@udk axmufcHw,fqkd&ifusr ydk+yD;awmhóudufw,f?(=obmoHrsm;)

rw&m;r_udkróudufwJh EdkifiHol/ EdkifiHom;awG[m rdrdwdk@EdkifiHrSm w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;twGuf xdxda&mufa&muf vkyfay;EdkifwJh EdkifiHolEdkifiHom;awG? w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;qdkwm[m vlwdkif; vlwdkif;udk Oya'abmifatmufrSm wef;wlnDwlumuG,fr_ ay;xm;+yD;awmh EdkifiHawmfeJ@

vG,fvG,feJ@r&wJhudpPrdk@vdk@ óud;pm;yrf;pm;eJ@ vkyf&r,f? usrwdk@tzGJ@csKyfu jynfolvlxkudk ay;xm;wJhuwdtwkdif; jrefrmEdkifiHrSm 'Drdkua&pDpepfxGef;um;zdk@twGuf/wnfwHhckdifrmzdk@twGuf xyf+yD;awmh usrwdk@ óud;pm;rSmyJ? &wJhtxd vkyfoGm;rSmyJ? (=obmoHrsm;) atmifjrifr,f/ ratmifjrifbl;qdkwm ar;p&m ta=umif;r&Sdbl;/ atmifjrifr,f? 'gayr,fhvJ b,favmuf jrefjref atmifjrifr,fqdkwJh ar;cGef;u ta&;}uD;w,faemf? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh 'Drdkua&pDpepfxGef;um;zdk@ =umavav wdkif;jynfemavavyJ? pD;yGm;a&;u wae@xufwae@ usaew,f qdkwm usrwdk@ jynfolvlxktm;vHk; odw,f?ukefaps;E_ef;awGu wufw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;u usw,f? 'g[m tm;vHk;odw,f?'DvdktajctaerSm wkdif;jynfwjynf[mxyf+yD;awmh =um=umaevdk@&Sd&if jynfolvlxk trsm;}uD; 'kuQa&mufrSmyJ? 'Davmufqdkawmh usrwkd@ tajymif;tvJutjrefvdkw,fqdkwm[m pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ EdkifiHa&;[m cGJjcm;vdk@r&bl;? 'DEdkifiH&JŒ pD;yGm;a&;pepf nHhzsif;aewm[m EkdifiHa&;pepf

usrwdk@udk jynfolvlxkuae+yD;awmh usrwdk@ tzGJ@csKyf&JŒ vkyfief;pOf/ usrwkd@tzGJ@csKyf&J@ rlawGudkoabmusvdk@ axmufcHwmqdk&ifvJ usrwkd@ oabmuswmyJ?

tJvdk axmufcHr_qdk&if usrwdk@óuqdkw,f? 0rf;omw,f?'gayr,fh 'Drw&m;r_udk róuufvdk@ usrwdk@udk axmufcHw,fqkd&if usr ydk+yD;awmhóuufw,f?

pepf/ tJ'DtcGifhta&;udk rSefrSefuefuefokH;vdk@&Sd&if ZJG/ 0D&d,/ vkH@veJ@ vkyfr,fqkdvdk@&Sd&if usrwkd@EkdifiH[m csrf;omEkdifr,f? at;csrf;Ekdifr,f? pnf;vkH;r_[mtifrwefrS ta&;}uD;ygw,f? usrwkd@EkdifiH[m jynfaxmifpkyg? wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;aygif;pkHeJ@ zJG@xm;wJh jynfaxmifpkjzpfygw,f? tJ'ga=umifhrkd@vkd@ at;csrf;r_[m tifrwefrSta&;}uD;ygw,f? vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;wJhtcsdefumvu p+yD;awmhjynfwGif;vufeufudkifaomif;usef;r_awGtrsKd;rsKd;&SdcJhygw,f? tckqkdvdk@&Sd&if typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlnDcsufawG &Sdayr,fh typftcwf&yfpJa&;qkdwm +idrf;csrf;a&; r[kwfygbl;? +idrf;csrf;a&;oabmwlnDcsufawGawmh r&Sdao;ygbl;?tJ'Dawmh +idrf;csrf;a&; oabmwlnDcsufawG&Sdzkd@ usrwkd@&J@jynfaxmifpktwGif;rSm+idrf;csrf;r_ tmrcHzkd@qkdwm EkdifiHa&;enf;vrf;eJ@yJ vkyfvdk@ &ygw,f? EkdifiHa&;t&wkdif;&if;om;rsm;tm;vkH;[m oabmwlnD/ trsm;twGuf aumif;usKd;ay;r,fhjynfaxmifpkwckudk xlaxmifr,fqkd+yD;

awG[m wkd;wufrSm r[kwfbl;? (axmufcHoHrsm;)

usrem;vnfw,f/ usrwkd@ ausmif;om;awGu tckynma&;pepfeJ@ ywfoufvdk@ auseyfr_r&Sdbl;? (axmufcHoHrsm;) auseyfr_r&Sdawmh wbufuae=unhfvdk@&Sd&ifawmh 'g 0rf;enf;p&maumif;wmaygh? usrwkd@&J@vli,fawG[m'Dynma&;pepfeJ@ywfoufvdk@ auseyfr_r&Sdbl;? wbufuae=unfhvdk@&Sd&ifawmh'g aumif;wJhvuQ%myJ? tqifhr&SdwJhpepfudk tqifhr&Sdbl;vdk@ odwm[m tifrwefrS aumif;ygw,f? (=obmoHrsm;) tqifhtwef;rrDwJh ynma&;pepfudk odyf+yD;awmh txif}uD;aevdk@&Sd&if usrwkd@ b,fvdkvkyf wkd;wufrSmvJ? 'gav;eJ@ auseyfaerSmvm;? tJ'Dawmh usrwkd@vli,fawGu rsufpdyGifh em;yGifhr_&Sdw,f? wcsKd@vli,fawGuawmh udk,fhtwGuf udk,fyJ pOf;pm;w,f? udk,fat;at;csrf;csrf; aecsifw,f? 'Dvdk [dkæ tckacwf acwfay:ypPnf;awG okH;csifw,f/ pm;csifw,f/aomufcsifw,f/ aysmfcsifw,f/ yg;csif

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ZGef/(8)&uf?jrefrmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ausmif;om;

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ed*kH;ydkif;wGif ru'wonf DAB,

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ru'w owWrt}udrf nDvmcHt_yD;a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufvdkufaom acgif;aqmifrsm;

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ppfa&;r[mrdwftzGJŒ(4)ESpfajrmuf txdrf;trSwf a-unmcsufxkwfjyef

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etz EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;. pum;ukd tar&dueftpdk;&ajyma&;qkdcGifh&SdolrpPwm&pfcswfabmifcsmuvnf; &,foGrf;aoG;&if; “=um;om;rdk;óud;Asm/ 'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmifudk b,folrS r+cdrf;ajcmufbl;/ ppftpdk;&uyJ +cdrf;ajcmufaewmyg”[k ysuf&,fðy ajymqdkvdkufonf? Ð

jyifyrS yk*~dKvfjzpfonf?xdk@jyif a'gufwmpdef0if;u 'DyJ,if;

ta&;tcif;jzpfcsdefwGif a':atmifqef;pk=unf. touftEW&m,frSm pdk;&drfzG,faumif;a=umif;/ xdk@a=umifh 'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;udk zefwD;olrsm;onfomvkyf}uHrnfholawGjzpfEdkifa=umif;/ xdkta&;tcif;udk zefwD;olrSm ppftkyfpkomjzpfaoma=umifh vkyf}uHrnfholrsm;rSm ‚wdk@yifjzpfEdkifa=umif; qufvufajymqdkoGm;cJhonf?

“vkyf}uHw,fqdkwmu b,fol vkyf}uHovJqdkwJhtay:rSm ajym&rSmaygh? tck[mu 'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;qdk&if a':atmifqef;pk=unf touftEW&m,feJ@ eD;eD;av;yJ? tJ'D um;u armif;xGufoGm;Edkifvdk@omvsif usaemfwdk@ a&SŒa&;udkquf+yD; rawG;0Hhp&mjzpfw,f? tJ'Dawmh'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;udk zefwD;wJholawGuvnf; 'Dvkyf}uHwJhvlawGjzpfEdkifwmaygh/oabmu? 'gayr,fhvdk@ b,folu'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;udk zefwD;vJqdkwm/olwdk@yJ zefwD;wmyJ? tJ'Dawmh wu,fvdk@vkyf}uHwJhvlqdk&if 'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;udkzefwD;wJhvlawGyJvdk@ usaemf ajymvdkygw,f”[k 'Drdku&ufwpfjrefrmhtoHESifhawG@qHkar;jref;cef;wGif ajymqdkcJhonf?

tvm;wl etzEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;. ajymqdkr_udk jynfol@v$wfawmfudk,fpm;ðyaumfrwDtzGJ@0if/ ZdkrD;trsdK;om;uGef*&uf ygwDOuUÏ OD;ylusifh&Sif;xefu

a':atmifqef;pk-unfudk vkyf}uHrnfholonfetzomv#ifjzpfa-umif; 0ef}uD;csKyf a'gufwmpdef0if;ajymqdk

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;!Gef‹aygif;tpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyf a'gufwmpdef0if;

tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm; rl0g'udkaoGznfI jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmifv$wfay;a&;twGufawmif;qdk

a':atmifqef;pk-unfudk vkyf}uHrnfholonfetzomv#ifjzpfa-umif; 0ef}uD;csKyf a'gufwmpdef0if;ajymqdk

(16) }udrfajrmuf tmqD,H0ef}uD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;

ZGef/ (19)&uf?ZGef/ (19)&uf?ZGef/ (19)&uf?ZGef/ (19)&uf?ZGef/ (19)&uf?ar (30) 'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif; jzpf

yGm;cJhr_udk EdkifiHawmfoHCmhr[mem,utzGJ@}uD;taejzifh etzppftkyfpktm;=um;0ifarwWm&yfcHay; av#mufxm;awmif;yefonfhpmwapmifudk EdkifiHwumAk'<bmomtzGJ@u xkwfjyefvdkufa=umif;od&onf?

tqdkyg yef=um;av#mufxm;v$mwGift=urf;zufwdkufcdkufr_a=umifh jrefrmjynfol jynfom;/ 'um 'umrrsm;twGufpdk;&drfylyefr_jzpf&ovkd xdkjzpf&yfonf wdk;wufjyef@yGm;aeonfh Ak'<bmom omoemawmf. a&mif0gudk !‡dK;rSdefapa=umif;

etzudk -um;0ifarwWm&yfcHay;&efEdkifiHwum Ak'<bmomtzGJ@u

EdkifiHawmf oHCmhr[mem,utzGJ@odk@ av#mufxm;yef-um;azmfjyxm;onf?

xdk@a=umifh EdkifiHawmfoHCmh r[mem,utzGJ@}uD;taejzifh ,ckvdk tajctaersdK;wGif etzppfAk dvfcsKyf}uD;rsm;tm; wdkif;jynftwGuf tusdK;jzpfxGef;aprnfh =o0g'rsm; rvGJraoGrdef@=um;oifhyga=umif; av#mufxm;yef=um;xm;onf? yef=um;v$mwGif EdkifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vkH; tjrefqk H;v$wfay;a&;/ EdkifiHa&;tusyftwnf;rsm;udk awG@qkHaqG;aEG;aomenf;jzifhajz&Sif;ay;a&;wdk@udkyg xnfhoGif;rdef@=um;ay;&ef tqdkygtzGJ@}uD;u av#mufxm;awmif;qdkxm;onf? Ð

ZGef/ (8)&uf?ZGef/ (8)&uf?ZGef/ (8)&uf?ZGef/ (8)&uf?ZGef/ (8)&uf?trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 'kwd,

OuUÏOD;wifOD;onf 'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr_}uD;twGif; aoqkH;oGm;onfqdkonfrSm r[kwfrSefa=umif; etzu w&m;0ifjiif;qdkvdkufonf?

ar(30)wGif jzpfyGm;cJhonfh 'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr_}uD;aemufydkif; trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf 'kOuUÏOD;wifOD;. owif;tpte aysmufqkH;aecJh&m OD;wifOD;onftcif;jzpfyGm;pOftwGif; \kdufESufcH&r_a=umifh aoqkH;oGm;+yDqdkonfh owif;rsm;xGufay:vmcJhonf?

xdkodk@ tzGJ@csKyfacgif;aqmif OD;wifOD;. owif; aysmuffqkH;aejcif;a=umifhjynfwGif;jynfy twdkuftcHtiftm;pkrsm;omru urBmhEdkifiHrsm;tm;vkH;ESifh EdkifiH

wum tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;wGif pdk;&drfylyefr_rsm; }uD;xGm;vmcJh&m jzpf&yfrSeftay: zkH;uG,f&ef óud;yrf;aeonfh etzonf xdkudpPtay: rv$Jra&Smifom xkwfazmf 0efcHcJh&onf?

etzu OD;wifOD;onf ppfudkif;wdkif;/uav;òrd@ tusOf;axmifwGif &Sdae+yD;usef;rma&;tajctae aumif;rGefa=umif;/rdom;pkrS ay;ydk@onfh aq;0g;rsm;udkyifay;ykd@cJha=umif; etzESifh eD;pyfonfhowif;&yfuGuf. ajymqdkcsufudk udk;um;I attufzfyDowif;u azmfjycJhonf?

touf(76)ESpft&G,f&Sd AdkvfcsKyf}uD;a[mif; ol&OD;wifOD;onf umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJholjzpf+yD; wyfrawmfom;rsm;. av;pm;cspfcif tm;udk;r_udk&&SdcJholjzpfonf? 1951 ckESpf jrefrmjynfodk@ w\kwfjzLppfwyfrsm; usL;ausmf0ifa&mufpOf pGef@pGef@pm;pm; wdkufcdkufarmif;xkwfcJhonfhtwGuf ol&bGJ@wHqdyfudk csD;jr‡ifhjcif;cHcJh&onfh trsdK;om;ol&Jaumif;wOD;vnf; jzpfonf?

etzu OD;wifOD;ESifhywfoufI,ckvdk w&m;0if xkwfazmfajymqdkr_ ðycJhaomfvnf; tjcm; tzGJ@csKyfygwD0ifrsm;.tajctaeudkrl xkwfazmfajym=um;jcif;r&Sday? odk@&mwGif jynfwGif;rS vmaomtjcm;owif;rsm;t& tzGJ@csKyfygwD0ifvli,ftrsm;tjym;udk cEDW;tusOf;axmifY zrf;qD;xm;+yD; ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rsm;u enf;rsdK;pkHjzifhppfaq;I !‡Of;yef;ES dy fpufr_rsm; ðyvkyfae=ua=umif;od&onf? Ð

tzGJŒ csKyf 'kOuUÏOD;wifOD;tm;uav;òrdŒ axmifY zrf;qD;xm;a-umif;

etz xkwfazmf0efcH

'kwd,OuU@ ol&OD;wifOD;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJŒcsKyf

ZGef/ (20)&uf?ZGef/ (20)&uf?ZGef/ (20)&uf?ZGef/ (20)&uf?ZGef/ (20)&uf?ta&S@awmiftm&StzGJ@0if tmqD,H

EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;rsm;.tpnf;ta0;ESifhARF tmqD,Ha'owGif;vkHòcHa&; tpnf;ta0;wGif tzGJ@0ifEdkifiHrsm;tm;vkH;ua':atmifqef;p k =unfud ktjrefqk H;jyefv$wfay;&efESifh trsdK;om;jyefvnf&if=um;ap@a&;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;ðyvkyf&efetzppftkyfpkudk wnDw!Gwfwnf;awmif;qdkvkduf=uonf?

xkdqkH;jzwfcsufrSm tmqD,HtzGJ@0ifEdkifiHrsm;tcsif;csif;t=um; ESpfaygif;

rsm;pGm vdkufemcJh=uonfh tjcm;EdkifiH.jynfwGif;a&;rsm;wGif pGufzufa0zefajym=um;jcif;r&SdcJhonfh tpOftvmtm;yxrqkH;azmufzsufvdkufjcif;jzpf+yD; jrefrmppftkyfpktaejzifh 'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;twGif; zrf;qD;xm;onfh a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk jyefv$wfay;+yD; jrefrmEdkifiHwGiftrsdK;om;jyefvnf&if=um;apha&;vkyfief;rsm;ðyvkyf&ef tzGJ@0ifEdkifiHrsm;tm;vkH;uwdkufwGef;awmif;qdk vdkuf=uonf?

tmqD,HtwGif;a&;rª;csLyf tGefuef,Gef;u jrefrmEdkifiHwGif wif;rmaer_rsm;

avsmhyg;a&;udk tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;ujrifvdka=umif;/ tjcm;tzGJ@0ifEdkifiHrsm;uvnf; 'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;t+yD; a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk zrf;qD;cJhjcif;onftmqD,HtzGJ@.*k%foduQmudk xdck dufysufjym;apa=umif; a0zefajym=um;cJh=uonf? tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;onf etzppftkyfpktay: tðyoabmaqmifonfhqufqHa&;udk usifhokH;vmcJh&mrS 'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;jzpfay:cJ h +yD;aemufyd kif;EdkifiHwum. ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_rsm;wdk;jr‡ifhvmcJhonfhenf;wl ‚wdk@uvnf;,ckvdk ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_rsm;ðyvkyfcJhjcif;jzpfonf?

tpnf;ta0;aemufqkH;ae@jzpfonfhZGef(19)&ufae@onf a':atmifqef;pk=unf. (58)ESpfajrmufarG;ae@jzpfojzifhtpnf;ta0;wufa&mufvmonfh EdkifiHrsm;tm;vkH;u a':atmifqef;pk=unfudktjrefqkH;jyefv$wfay;&ef xyfrHawmif;qdkcJh=uonf?

tpnf;ta0;wGif udk&D;,m; u|ef;qG,fta&;ESifhywfoufI aqG;aEG;cJh=uaomfvnf; jrefrmhta&;utpnf;ta0;wckvkH;udk zkH;v$rf;aecJhonf? Ð



ppftpkd;&. 'DyJ,if; t-urf;zuf vkyf}uHonfh &mZ0wfr+}uD;tay: EkdifiHwum. wkHŒŒ jyefr+rsm;“jrefrmppftpdk;&[m EdkifiHawmf tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk tumtuG,fvkyf+yD;jrefrmEdkifiHom;awG&J@ tajccH&ydkifcGifhawGudk csdK;azmufaewJh tpdk;&jzpfw,f?'g a=umifh 'Dxufydk+yD; wif;wif;rmrmudkifwG,fta&;,loifhw,f”

aumvif;yg0,fvfaumvif;yg0,fvfaumvif;yg0,fvfaumvif;yg0,fvfaumvif;yg0,fvf(tar&duefEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(tar&duefEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(tar&duefEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(tar&duefEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(tar&duefEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)

“jrefrmtpdk;&taeeJ@ a':atmifqef;pk=unf tjrefjyefv$wfay;+yD; jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;qdkif&m EdkifiHa&;awG@qHk aqG;aEG;yJGawG jyefp&ygr,f? olrudk zrf;qD;xm;wm[m jrefrmjynfolawG&J@qENudkqef@usif&ma&mufygw,f”

udkzDtmeefudkzDtmeefudkzDtmeefudkzDtmeefudkzDtmeef(ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf)(ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf)(ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf)(ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf)(ukvor*~taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;csKyf)

“jynfolvlxktay: vl@tcGifhta&; csKd;azmufaewJh etzeJ@ +Adwdo#pD;yGm;a&;ukr%DawG quf+yD; tvkyfrvkyfzkd@ wdwdusus !ef=um;xm;w,f”

wkdeDbvJwkdeDbvJwkdeDbvJwkdeDbvJwkdeDbvJ(+Adwdef0ef}uD;csKyf)(+Adwdef0ef}uD;csKyf)(+Adwdef0ef}uD;csKyf)(+Adwdef0ef}uD;csKyf)(+Adwdef0ef}uD;csKyf)

“a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk jzpfEdkifor# tjrefqHk;jyefv$wfay;+yD; EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;cGifhawGay;zdk@ vdktyfw,fqdkwmudk ppfAdkvfcsKyf}uD;rsm;taeeJ@em;vnfoabmaygufzdk@ vdkygw,f”

bJvf*a&[rfbJvf*a&[rfbJvf*a&[rfbJvf*a&[rfbJvf*a&[rf(uae'gEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(uae'gEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(uae'gEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(uae'gEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(uae'gEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)

“a':atmifqef;pk=unfa&m/ tJeft,fvf'DtzGJ@u wjcm;acgif;aqmifawGa&m xdef;odrf;/ 'grSr[kwf tus,fcsKyfcsxm;&if vHk;0 csufcsif;jyefvnfv_yf&Sm;cGifhðyzdk@ usaemfwdk@ xyfrHawmif;qdkygw,f”

ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvfajymcGifh&yk*~dKvfajymcGifh&yk*~dKvfajymcGifh&yk*~dKvfajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf(jyifopfEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme)(jyifopfEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme)(jyifopfEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme)(jyifopfEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme)(jyifopfEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme)

“tJ'Dtm&SEdkifiHu tajctaeudk *smr%DEdkifiHu taotcsm apmifh=unfhaeygw,f”

a0gwmr,fema0gwmr,fema0gwmr,fema0gwmr,fema0gwmr,fem(*smr%DEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf)(*smr%DEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf)(*smr%DEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf)(*smr%DEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf)(*smr%DEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf)

“qDG'ifEdkifiHa&;0ef}uD;Xmeu aemufqufwGJ jzpfxGef;r_awGudk befaumufrSm&SdwJh oH\Hk;rSwqifh eD;eD;uyfuyf apmifh=unfhrSmjzpfw,f”

t,femvif;t,femvif;t,femvif;t,femvif;t,femvif;(qGD'ifEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(qGD'ifEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(qGD'ifEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(qGD'ifEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(qGD'ifEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)

“'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;[m jynfwGif;a&;jzpfvdk@ 0ifa&muf rpGufzufvdkbl;”

ukHuGrf;ukHuGrf;ukHuGrf;ukHuGrf;ukHuGrf;(w\kkwfEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf)(w\kkwfEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf)(w\kkwfEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf)(w\kkwfEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf)(w\kkwfEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme/ ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf)

“a':atmifqef;pk=unf&J@ trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf[m a&G;aumufyGJrSm rJaygif;(80)&mE_ef;ausmfeJ@ tEdkif&cJhwJhtwGuf jynfolvlxku olrukd +cdrf;ajcmufw,fqdkwm rjzpfEdkifbl;? jrefrmppfAdkvfcsKyfawGuom +cdrf;ajcmufrSmjzpfygw,f? tdEdN,tpkd;&taeeJ@ a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk csufcsif;jyefv$wfay;zdk@ awmif;qkdoihfw,f”

rpPuftrm;*spfaumrpPuftrm;*spfaumrpPuftrm;*spfaumrpPuftrm;*spfaumrpPuftrm;*spfaum(tdEdN,uGefjrLepfygwD)(tdEdN,uGefjrLepfygwD)(tdEdN,uGefjrLepfygwD)(tdEdN,uGefjrLepfygwD)(tdEdN,uGefjrLepfygwD)

“*syefEdkifiHtaeeJ@ a':atmifqef;pk=unf tjrefjyefvnfvGwfvmwmudkjrifawG@vdkw,f/ tcktajctaetwdkif;om qufoGm;aevdk@uawmh jrefrmEdkifiHudk axmufyHhaewJh aiGa=u;tultnDudk uef@owf\kyfodrf;zdk@eJ@/ jrefrmEdkifiHtay:xm;&SdwJh *syefEdkifiH&J@rl0g'udk jyefvnfoHk;oyf&vdrfhr,ff”

udktdZkrdudktdZkrdudktdZkrdudktdZkrdudktdZkrd(*syef0ef}uD;csKyf)(*syef0ef}uD;csKyf)(*syef0ef}uD;csKyf)(*syef0ef}uD;csKyf)(*syef0ef}uD;csKyf)

“a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk jyefv$wfay;zdk@eJ@ EdkifiHa&;ðyjyifajymif;vJa&;awG ðyvkyfzdk@ uwdawGay;ae\kHeJ@ r+yD;ygbl;?EdkifiHwum&J@ pHxm;csufawGukd vdkufemaqmif\Gufjcif;tm;jzifh EdkifiHwumeJ@qufqHa&;[m aumif;rGefvmrSm jzpfw,fqdkwmudk jrefrmtpdk;&taeeJ@ em;vnfoabmaygufoifhw,f”

tvufZef'ga'gif;em;tvufZef'ga'gif;em;tvufZef'ga'gif;em;tvufZef'ga'gif;em;tvufZef'ga'gif;em;(=opa=w;vsEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(=opa=w;vsEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(=opa=w;vsEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(=opa=w;vsEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(=opa=w;vsEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)

“““““'DyJ,if;jy±emudk tmqD,Htqifhjrifhukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@wzGJ@apv$wf+yD;pkHprf;ppfaq;&r,f”

[ufqef0D,m&k'g[ufqef0D,m&k'g[ufqef0D,m&k'g[ufqef0D,m&k'g[ufqef0D,m&k'g(tif'dkkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(tif'dkkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(tif'dkkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(tif'dkkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)(tif'dkkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;)

“a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ ol@&J@ygwD0ifawGudk tjrefqHk;jyefv$wfay;+yD;EdkifiH&J@tem*wfEdkifiHa&;ajyvnfzdk@ awG@qHkaqG;aEG;yJGawG tapmwvsifjyefvnfpwifzdk@ awmiftmz&dutpdk;&u jrefrmtpdk;&udk awmif;qkdvkdufygw,f”

awmiftmz&duawmiftmz&duawmiftmz&duawmiftmz&duawmiftmz&du

“a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk csufcsif;jyefv$wfay;zdk@ etzppftkyfpk em;vnfoifhw,ff? 'Drdkua&pDvrf;a=umif;uaeaemufjyefqkwfoGm;wmxuf a&S@ ajcwvSrf;wdk;zdk@ zdtm;ay;&r,f”

xyfqif&SDem0yfx&mxyfqif&SDem0yfx&mxyfqif&SDem0yfx&mxyfqif&SDem0yfx&mxyfqif&SDem0yfx&m(xdkif;0ef}uD;csKyf)(xdkif;0ef}uD;csKyf)(xdkif;0ef}uD;csKyf)(xdkif;0ef}uD;csKyf)(xdkif;0ef}uD;csKyf)

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tar&duefEdkifiHjcm;a&;rpPwmaumvif;yg0,fvf

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Ð Ð Ð

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Ð

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a=unmcsufwGif azmfjyxm;onf?etz. a=unmcsufESifhywfoufI

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a':atmiffqef;pk-unftm; v$wfay;a&; ykodrfrSmqENjy

ykodrfòrdŒe,f tzGJ‹csKyf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;OD;at;0if;

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Ð

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qdkawmh tJ'DESpftawmtwGif;rSm ay:aygufvmwJh oHCmhtzGJ@tpnf;awGudkyJatmufygtwdkif; azmfjyvdkw,f?

(1) &[ef;ysdKor*~ (&efukef)(2) &[ef;ysdKor*~ (&efukefwdkif;)(3) atmufjrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m &[ef;ysdKor*~/(4) oHCmhor*~D (rEœav;)(5) *VKefeDoHCmhtzGJ@csKyf (rEœav;)(6) ausmif;xdkifbkef;awmf}uD;rsm;or*~ (txufjrefrmEdkifiH)(7) &[ef;ysdKor*~ (rEœav;)(8) jrefrmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m &[ef;ysdKor*~ (xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf tajcpdkuf)&[ef;ysdKor*~(&efukef)udk 1988 ck v_yf&Sm;r_twGif;rSmzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD; &efukefòrd@&Sd Ak'<bmompmoifwdkuftoD;oD;rS udk,fpm;vS,f

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AdkvfcsKyfa&$qdkif;. psmye 0wfðyqkawmif;yGJudk xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf wae&m&S d c&pf,mefbk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif;wGif usif;yðyvkyfcJh+yD;aoabmbdk;ok±efwGif ZGefv(5)&ufae@Y \kyfuvmyftm; *loGif;oò*ôvfcJha=umif;od&onf? AdkvfcsKyf a&$qdkif;. aemufqHk;c&D;odk@ jynfya&muf 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ wdkif;&if;om;awmfvSefa&;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS yk*~dKvfrsm;/ wdkufyGJ0if&Jabmf&Jbufrsm;/ tjcm;zdwf=um;xm;onfh{nfhonfrsm; vdkufygydk@aqmifcJhonf?

AdkvfcsKyfa&$qdkif;ESifh aemfvm;yG,fwdk@rS om;orD; (5)OD; xGef;um;cJhonf?

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AdkvfcsKyfa&$qdkif;onf 1946 ckESpfwGif Armjynf&JwyfzGJ@odk@ wyfom;tqifhjzifh 0ifa&mufcJhonf? 1948 ckESpf Armjynf vGwfvyfa&; &&Sd+yD;aemuf zmyGefòrdŒ ,ltrfyDwyf&if; (5)wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifae&mrS atmufwdkbmvwGif au

tJef'Dtdk wyf&if;w&if;odk@ ul;ajymif;cJhonf?

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AdkvfcsKyfa&$qdkif;onf u&ifhtrsdK;om;ta&;ESifh u&ifhawmfvSefa&;twGufuG,fvGefcsdefxd b0wav#mufvHk; xrf;aqmifcJholwOD;jzpfonf? u&ifhawmfvSefa&;. cufcJ=urf;wrf;aomumvrsm;wGif awmfvSefa&;tm; rSefrSefuefuefOD;aqmifvrf;!$efcJhaom acgif;aqmifrsm;xJwGif wOD;tygt0ifjzpfonf? Ð

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Aef;armfwifatmif



(1) udkoufaZmf/ awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,f/ vli,fzJG@pnf;a&;wm0efcH(2)?(2) udkrdk;aomf/ prf;acsmif;òrd@e,f/ &efukef/ vli,ftzJG@0if?(3) udkrsdK;!Gef@ tvHkòrd@e,f/ &efukef/ (tvHkòrd@e,f ygwDwGJbuftwGif;a&;rª;)(4) udkoef;xGef;/ urm&Gwf/ &efukef/ ygwDtzGJ@0if?(5) udkxGef;aZmfaZmf/ A[ef;òrd@e,f/ &efukef/ A[dkvli,fzJG@pnf;a&;wm0efcH?(6) udkjrifhausmf/ wmarG/ &effukefòrd@/ A[dkvli,f\Hk;tzGJ@0if?(7) udkwdk;vGif/ &efukefòrd@/ vli,ftzGJ@0if?(8) udkxGef;jrifh/ A[ef;òrd@e,f/ &efukef/ (A[ef;òrd@e,fygwDtwGif;a&;rª;)(9) OD;vSrif;/ OuUÏ/ weoFm&Dwdkif;?(10) OD;atmifpdk;/ rEWav;wdkif;pnf;?(11) OD;pdk;0if;/ ,mOfarmif;?(12) OD;atmifxl/ Adkvfwaxmifòrd@e,fpnf;/(13) OD;odef;xGef;/ &efuif;?(14) udkrif;vGif/ A[dkvli,f?(15) udkausmfwif0if;/ a'gyHkvli,fwm0efcH/(16) udkcifOD;/ r&ef;ukef; vli,fwm0efcH/(17) a'gufwmvSjrifh/(18) OD;odef;ZH/

a':atmifqef;pk-unfESifh twlucsifjynfe,frS rHk&Gmc&D;pOftxd vdkufygcJh-uonfhtrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzJGŒ csKyf tzJGŒ 0ifrsm;pm&if;

(1) udkoufaZmf/ awmifOuUvmyòrd@e,f/ vli,fzJG@pnf;a&;wm0efcH(2)/(2) udkrdk;aomf/ prf;acsmif;òrd@e,f/ &efukef/ vli,ftzJG@0if?(3) udkrsdK;!Gef@/ tvHkòrd@e,f/ &efukef/ (tvHkòrd@e,f ygwDwGJbuftwGif;a&;rª;)(4) udkoef;xGef;/ urm&Gwf/ &efukef/ ygwDtzJG@0if/(5) udkxGef;aZmfaZmf/ A[ef;òrd@e,f/ &efukef/ A[dkvli,fzJG@pnf;a&;wm0efcH/(6) udkjrifhausmf/ &efukef/ A[dkvli,ftzGJ@0if?(7) udkwdk;vGif/ &efukefòrd@/ ygwDvli,ftzJG@0if/(8) udkxGef;jrifh/ A[ef;òrd@e,f/ &efukef/ A[ef;òrd@e,f ygwDtwGif;a&;rª;/(9) udkaZmf0if;xGef;/ r[matmifajròrd@e,f/rEWav;/ ygwDvli,ftzGJ@0if/(10) udkol&/ r[matmifajròrd@e,f/ rEWav;/ ygwDvli,ftzJG@0if/(11) udkrdsK;rif;/ jynf}uD;wHcGefòrd@e,f/ rEWav;/ ygwDvli,ftzJG@0if/(12) udkatmifausmfjrifh/ jr&nfeENmòrd@opf/ rEWav;/ ygwDvli,ftzGJ@0if/(13) udkausmfpdk;vif;/ rEWav;òrd@/ ygwDvli,ftzJG@0if/(14) udkrif;vGif/ r[matmifajròrd@e,f/ rEWav;/taemufawmifòrd@e,f vli,f wm0efcH/(15) udkoef;xGef;/ csrf;jrompnfòrd@e,f/ rEWav;/ ta&S@awmifòrd@e,f pnf;\Hk;a&;tzJG@0if/(16) udkjrifhaiG/ a&eHacsmif;òrd@/ txufjrefrmjynf vli,fzJG@pnf;a&;tzJG@0if/(17) udkrsdK;aZmfatmif/ aumvif;òrd@/ wGJbufvHkòcHa&;ESifh pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;a&; vl

i,ftzJG@0if?

txufygvli,frsm;tm; cEW D;tusOf;axmifwGif av;a,mufcef; (2)cef;/oHk;a,mufcef; (3)cef;wdk@wGif oD;oef@ae&mcJGcsxm;a=umif; od&onf?

ZGefv(2)&ufaeŒ aeŒvnf (11;30)em&DwGif cEWD;axmifodkŒ a&muf&dSvmcJhonfhtrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pD tzGJŒ csKyf vli,frsm;pm&if;

udkcifOD;

udkrif;vGif

udkxGef;aZmfaZmf

a':atmifqef;pk=unf.pnf;\Hk;a&;c&D;pOfwGifvdkufygcJh=uaom rEWav;wdkif;rStzJG@csKyf0ifrsm;onf ae&yfa'oodk@wOD;wa,mufr# jyefra&muf&S dyg?xdkr#ru vdkufydk@aom tjcm;'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;/ jynfol/ &[ef;rsm;vnf;jyefvnfra&muf&Sdao;yg?

rE Wav;wdkif;pnf;rsm;1? OD;wifatmifatmif2? OD;aygcif3? OD;wifxGwfOD;4? OD;rsdK;Edkif5? OD;atmifpdk;6? a'gufwmvSpdk;!Gef@7? OD;0if;atmif(ppfudkif;wdkif;)8? a':0if;jrjr

ta&S@awmifòrŒe,f1? OD;axG;2? OD;cspf&if3? OD;jrifhOD;4? OD;oef;aX;5? OD;oef;xGef;6? OD;atmifausmfjrifh&? OD;0if;jrifhOD;8? OD;oD[

taemufajrmufòrŒe,f1? OD;cspfwif2? OD;ausmfatmif3? OD;atmifudk4? OD;odef;atmifav;5? OD;vSoef;6? OD;ausmfausmf7? OD;oG,f

8? OD;0if;cdkif9? OD;wifarmifat;10? OD;aersdK;vif;11? OD;xGef;xGef;12// OD;ausmfpGm0if;13? OD;oef;xGef;OD;14? a':!Ge@f!Gef@15? a':cifat;jrifh16? a':oEWmpdk;17? udkwifvif;18? OD;ausmfpdk;

taemufawmifòrŒe,f1? udkaZmfaZmfatmif2? udk&Jrif;aZmf3? udkrif;odef;4? udkatmifatmif5? udkaZ,smxGef;6? udkodef;wdk;at;7? udkausmfrsdK;ol8? udkvSpdk;0if;9? udkrsdK;wifh10? udkaZmf0if;xGef;11? OD;cifarmifaomif;12? OD;wifarmifOD;13? OD;xGef;OD;14? a':wifjrifh15? a':wdk;16? a':wifjrifh17? a':cifjr0if;18? a':=unf=unfjrifh19? a':0À

ta&S@ajrmufòrŒe,f1? OD;&Jjrifh2? OD;udkav;

3? OD;vSOD;4? OD;0if;udk5? OD;cifatmifaxG;6? OD;oef;0if;7? OD;atmifausmfpdk;8? OD;xGef;xGef;0if;9? OD;rsdK;aZmfatmif10? rcifrrxGef;11? ratmifatmifvwf12? r&D&Dvif;13? r0if;jzLtd14? udk&efaemifpdk;15? udkatmifEdkif16? udkrsdK;rif;17? udkausmfrsdK;OD;18? udkausmfxdkuf19? vif;xGwfpdk;20? udkausmfoef;21? udkqef;vGif

tr&yl&1? OD;vSjrifh2? armifaZmfcif (OD;vSjrifhom;)

xGefwHk;òrŒe,fopf1? udkpdk;pdk;2? udk0Àarmif3? (trnfrod)

vl@abmifopfygwD0ifrsm;1? atmifatmif2? EdkifEdkif

,mOfarmif;(14) OD;

ppfudkif;wdkif;1? wdkif;pnf;(5)a,muf2? vli,f(14)a,muf

'DyJ,if;ta&;tcif;twGif; aysmufqHk;aeolrsm;

a':0if;jrjr

a'gufwmvSpdk;!Gef‹

rcifrrxGef;

OD;cifarmifaomif;

a':wifjrifh

udkausmfrsdK;ol

udkrsdK;Edkif

udkrsdK;wifh

udkpdk;pdk;

OD;xGef;0if;

OD;cspf&if

OD;vSOD;

udkodef;wdk;at;

rEWav;rS (95)OD;/ ppfudkif;rS(20)OD;/ pkpkaygif;(115)OD; jzpfonf?

Ð



enf; tm;enf;w,f? Oyrmtm;jzifh vrf;awGaygh? vrf;awGazmuf+yD;awmh 'gayr,fh vrf;awGxdef;odrf;jcif;r&Sdvdk@ usefwJhvrf;awGu ayguf+yJ csdKifhawGjzpfaemf?(=obmoHrsm;) 'guawmh trsm;oHk;wJhvrf;qdkawmh b,folrS *\krpdkufbl;qdkwJhoabmrsdK;rdk@vkd@vm;awmh rodbl;? tJvdkqdk&if raumif;bl;? usr xyfwvJvJajymygw,f? trsm;ydkifypPnf;udk udk,fydkifypPnf;xuf wefzdk;xm;&r,f/ av;pm;&r,f? tJ'Dvdk trsm;ydkifypPnf;udk udk,fydkifypPnf;xuf wefzdk;xm;EdkifwJhpdwf&SdrS usrwdk@ wu,fwdk;wufwJh 'Drdkua&pDpepfjzpfr,f? aemuf+yD;awmh usrwdk@ udk,fydkiftdrf,mawGqdk&ifvJ usrwdk@ jrefrmvlrsdK;

awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m tdrf yxr paqmufwkef;u tdrfu vSyoef@&Sif;ae+yD;awmh aemufawmh xdef;odrf;r_ae&mrSmodyfrvkyfcsifbl;? ykdufqHtukefcH+yD;awmhtdrfudk rxdef;odrf;csifbl;? jyifwmqdkwmrvkyfcsifbl;? ysufwmudk qufaeaew,f? tJawmh tdrfwtdrf[m (4-5-6)ESpf =umwJhtcgusawmh tajctaeuodyfrvSawmhbl;? wjznf;jznf; ysufpD;,dk,Gif;vmw,f? wu,fqdkvdk@&Sd&if tdrfawG[m quf+yD;awmh xdef;odrf;xm;r,fqdkvdk@ &Sd&if ESpf&mcsD+yD;awmhcHw,f? olwkd@Oa&myrSmqkdvdk@&Sd&if Oa&myEkdifiHawGrSmolwkd@vlrsKd;toD;oD;ayghaemf/ olwkd@awG[mtJvdk xdef;odrf;r_ae&mrSmawmh awmfw,f? [kd;æ &m ESpf &maxmifeJ@ csD+yD;awmh tJæ &yfwnf&SdaewJh taqmuf

ttkHawGawmif olwkd@ aumif;aumif;xdef;odrf;xm;Ekdifw,f? tJ'gu olwkd@&J@"avh/ xkH;pH/ ,Ofaus;r_t& xdef;odrf;r_ae&mrSm awmfw,f? tJ'Dawmh usrwkd@'Drdkua&pDqkdusvdk@&Sd&ifvJ 'Drdkua&pD&+yD;\kHeJ@ r+yD;ao;bl;? 'Drdkua&pDudk xdef;odrf;&r,f? xdef;odrf;zkd@twGuf usrwkd@&if;ESD;&r,f? bm&if;ESD;&rvJqkd&ifawmhpdwf"mwf tiftm;&if;ESD;&r,f/ vkyftm;&if;ESD;&r,f? pdwf"mwftiftm;qdkwm'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;awGudk tvGJoHk;pm;rvkyf&bl;/ tcGifhta&;awGudk/ vGwfvyfcGifhawGudk rSefrSefuefuefoHk;&r,f? aemuf+yD;awmh 'Drdkua&pDudk xdyg;apr,fhudpPawGudk usrwdk@umuG,f&r,f? aemufvkyftm;aygh? vkyftm;qdkwm &wJh tcGifhta&;udk wdkif;jynfcsrf;omzdk@twGufwkd;wufzkd@twGuf oHk;&r,f? tJ usrwdk@tJvdkpdwf"mwftiftm;eJ@/ vkyftm;eJ@ xdef;odrf;oGm;+yD;awmh cdkifrmoGm;rS 'Dpepfw&yf cdkifrmoGm;rS usrwdk@ aemifvmaemufom;awGtwGuf usrwdk@ rsdK;qufopfawG wquf+yD;wquf usrwdk@[mpdwfcs&+yDvdk@ ajymEkdifrSmjzpfygw,f? 'Dawmh usrwdk@&JŒ vlom;tiftm; pdwf"mwfcdkifrmwJh rkH&Gmòrd@olòrd@om;rsm;[m'Drdkua&pD tjrefqHk;&ygapvdk@ qkawmif;ygw,f?

Ð

'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHowfjzwfr+. jzpf&yfrSefowif; jynfwGif;rSSmysHŒ ESHŒvm_yDtkd;a0wyfOD;u awmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifhwuG jynfolodkŒ tpD&ifcH pmjzefŒa0

“,kwfrmvdkuf=uyHk”“,kwfrmvdkuf=uyHk”“,kwfrmvdkuf=uyHk”“,kwfrmvdkuf=uyHk”“,kwfrmvdkuf=uyHk”1988 ck =o*kwfv jynfol@ta&;

awmfyHk}uD;.aemufydkif; t}uD;rm;qHk;&ufpuf=urf;ñuwfonfh vlowfyGJ}uD;rSm2003 ck arv (30)&uf ppfudkif;wdkif;'DyJ,if;òrd@e,f usnf&GmteD;rS ,kwfrmyufpufonfh vkyf}uHowfjzwfr_}uD;jzpfonf?

,if;vkyf}uHowfjzwfyGJwGif etzudk,fwdkif pDrHuGyfuJvsuf/ ‚. vufudkifwkwf }uH@zGH@udk toHk;csum/ tzGJ@csKyf'kOuUÏ OD;wifOD;ESifh vlxkacgif;aqmifa':atmifqef;pk=unf. c&D;pOf,mOfwef;udk 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkuf vkyf}uHcJhjcif;jzpfonf?

a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifhtzGJ@onfbkwvifòrd@rS 'DyJ,if;òrd@odk@ nae (5)em&DwGif xGufcGmvmcJh&m vrf;wav#mufaus;&Gmrsm;rS jynfolrsm;. óudqdkE_wfqufjcif;udk wkH@jyefE_wfquf&ojzifh 'DyJ,if;òrd@e,f usnf&Gmodk@ n(7;30)cef@wGifrS a&muf&Sdonf?

usnf&GmrS óudqdkE_wfqufonfh jynfolrsm;udk (10)rdepfcef@ E_wfqufpum;ajymvsuf c&D;qufcJhonf? xGufcGmpudkuf(100)cef@ta&mufwGif bkef;}uD;wyg;ESifh vl(3)OD;u wm;vsuf w&m;a[m&ef awmif;qdkonf? a':atmifqef;pk=unfu tcsdefvifh+yDjzpfI c&D;qufcGifhðyyg&ef awmif;yefaomfvnf;“'dk@vlawGvmatmif apmifhygOD;”[k ajymum wm;qD;xm;&mrS z,fray;yg?

odk@ESifh (5)rdepfeD;yg;t=umwGif bkwvifbufrSvdkufvmaom 'dkifemum;tpD; (20)cef@ a&mufvmvsuf um;ay:

'DyJ,if; vlowfyGJjynfolodk@ tpD&ifcHpm

(tdk;a0wyfOD;)

“awmif;qdkcsuf”“awmif;qdkcsuf”“awmif;qdkcsuf”“awmif;qdkcsuf”“awmif;qdkcsuf”

1? 'kOuUÏOD;wifOD;ESifh taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª; a':atmifqef;pk=unfwdk@tm; tjrefqHk; v$wfay;&ef/

2? vGwfvyfaom pHkprf;a&;tzGJ@ zGJ@pnf;+yD; jzpfpOfrsm;udk pHkprf;tajzxkwfcGifhðy&ef/3? aoa=upm&if;ESifh '%f&m&olrsm;pm&if; tjrefqHk; xkwfjyefa=unm&ef/4? tzGJ@csKyfOuUÏ OD;atmifa&$tygt0if A[dktvkyftr_aqmifrsm;tm; tus,fcsKyfrS

tjrefqHk; v$wfay;&ef/5? tzGJ@csKyfA[dkESifh òrd@e,f\Hk;rsm; ydwfxm;jcif;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfzGifhvSpfay;&ef/

(tdk;a0wyfOD;)(tdk;a0wyfOD;)(tdk;a0wyfOD;)(tdk;a0wyfOD;)(tdk;a0wyfOD;)

rS wkwf/ "m;/ oHc|efrsm; udkifaqmifxm;onfhvlrsm;ESifh ouFef;0wfrsm; qif;vm=uonf? (ouFef;0wfrsm;. vufarmif;wGif t0wfjzLprsm; ywfxm;onf?)

xdkvlrsm;u usnf&GmrS óudqdkE_wfqufol jynfolrsm;udk 0ifa&muf\dkufESufojzifh tvJvJtòydòydjzifh xGufajy;=u&onf? tkyfpkwpku &Gmom;rsm;aemufodk@vdkuf\dkufpOf usefvlrsm;u a':atmifqef;pk=unf. um;tygt0if um;(9)pD;ay:rS tzGJ@0ifrsm;udk 0ifa&muf\dkufESufonf? \dkufESuf&mwGif OD;acgif;udkomt"duxm;\dkufESufojzifh ae&mwGifyifaoqHk;=uol rsm;jym;onf?

'%f&mjyif;xefojzifh atmf[pfnnf;wGm;olrsm;udk “raocsif&if ratmfeJ@/ aocsifa,mifaqmifae/ 'dk@udktao\dkufcdkif;vdkufwm”[k ajymoH =um;&onf?

tzGJ@0iftrsdK;orD;rsm;udkrl \kef@&if;pGm qdkqJvsuf tzGJ@csKyf0wfpHkrsm;udk qGJc|wf=uonf? trsdK;orD;rsm;rSm udk,fvHk;wD;jzpf=uvsuf \dkufESufcH=u&onf? 0wfvmonfh vuf0wf&wemESifh ydkufqHtdwfrsm;udk vk,uf,liif=uonf?

a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um;udk 0dkif;I\dkufESuf&m ygvmonfh vli,frsm;u“'dk@tarudk umuG,f=u”[k atmf[pfvsuf a':atmifqef;pk=unf. um;udk0ef;&HumuG,f=u&m umuG,fonfh vli,frsm;udk 0dkif;I\dkufESufojzifh xdkae&mwGifyif toufqHk;\H_;&olOD;a& rsm;onf?

xdktcsdefwGif 'kOuUÏ OD;wifOD;.um;u a':atmifqef;pk=unf. um;

a&S@odk@ ausmfwufvsuf armif;xGuf&mOD;wifOD;um;aemufrS a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um; armif;xGufonf? xdkum;aemufrS vli,fvHkòcHa&;um;ESifh a':0if;jrjr (rEWav;)wdk@. um;rsm; qufwdkufarmif;xGufonf?

usefonfhum;rsm;rSm xGufcGmEdkifcsdefr&bJ owfuGif;xJrSmyif pdrfajyeajyqufvuft\dkufcH=u&onf?

(8)em&Dcef@rS pwif\dkuf&m (10)em&Dtxd ydkufpdyfwdkufI \dkufonf? v_yfonfESifh \dkufonf? atmf[pfnnf;!LrdI\dkufonf? raoaoatmif \dkuf=ujcif;jzpfvsuf xdkowfuGif;xJrSmyif trsdK;orD;tcsdK@ t"rRusifhcH=u&onf?

TuJhodk@aom t=urf;zuf,kwfrmr_}uD;udk etz. vufudkifwkwf }uH@zGH@tzGJ@rSvufr&GH@rsm;u udk,fwdkifaqmif&Gufvsufetz wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u }uD;=uyfuGyfuJcJh

a=umif; &Sif;aeayonf?

“a':atmifqef;pk=unf. uH=urRm”“a':atmifqef;pk=unf. uH=urRm”“a':atmifqef;pk=unf. uH=urRm”“a':atmifqef;pk=unf. uH=urRm”“a':atmifqef;pk=unf. uH=urRm”a&S@odk@ armif;xGufvmcJhaom a':

atmifqef;pk=unf. um;wGif vli,f(20)cef@ wG,fcsdwfvsuf tumtuG,fay;&if; vGwfajrmufvmcJhaomfvnf; a&S@ud kuf(600)cef@tuGmY aemufxyfowfuGif;wckESifh &ifqdkif&jyefonf?

um;vrf;ay:wGif oGyfql;óud; cHkwef;rsm;csvsuf Adkvfrª;wOD; OD;pD;onfhppfwyfESifh &Jrsm;u ,mOfwef;udk ydwfqdk@wm;qD;xm;onf? vrf;ab;0J,m opfyifESpfyifay:rS tm;aumif;aom rD;armif;(2)ck xdk;xm;onf? vrf;ab;0J,mrSm wkwf/ 0g;c|efudkif vufr&GH@rsm;tHkusif;zGJ@I apmifhaeonf?

OD;wifOD;u um;ay:rSqif;vsufppfwyfwm0ef&SdolESifh awG@qHk&m OD;wifOD;ESifh um;ay: ygvmolrsm;udk ppfwyfrSzrf;qD;vsuf teD;&Sd qnfajrmif;0if;xJodk@ qGJac:oGm;=uonf?

a':atmifqef;pk=unf.um; 0iftvmwGif toifhapmifhqdkif;ae=uaomvufr&GH@ }uH@zGH@rsm;u xGufvm+yD; \dkufESuf=u&m ,mOfarmif;u t&Sdefjr‡ifharmif;xGufonf?

“um;ESifhwdkuf”[k trdef@ay;oH =um;vdkuf&+yD; 'dkifemum;ESpfpD;u t&Sdefjyif;

ZGeff/ (20)&uf?ZGeff/ (20)&uf?ZGeff/ (20)&uf?ZGeff/ (20)&uf?ZGeff/ (20)&uf?ar(30) 'DyJ,if;vkyf}uHr_}uD; jzpfyGm;cJhonfrSm &ufowWywfokH;ywfeD;yg; =umjrifhvm+yDjzpfaomfvnf; etzppftkyf

pku cdkifvkHaom owif;xkwfjyefr_ESifh Oya't& ta&;,laqmif&Gufr_rsm; r&SdonfhtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiHtESH@ òrd@&Gma'otoD;oD;wGif rauseyfr_rsm; wpxufwp }uD;rm;vmae&m xdkrauseyfr_rsm;tm; enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifh jyefvnfwkH@jyefr_rsm;ðyvkyfvmae=uonf?

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um qufvuf\kdufESuf=ujyefonf? udkaZmfaZmfatmifu xdkodk@ðyvkyfcJhjcif;rSm&Gmom;rsm;ESifh tJeft,fvf'DtzGJ@0ifrsm;tm; oD;jcm;qD cGJxkwfvkdufjcif;jzpfa=umif; ajymjyonf?

udkaZmfaZmfatmifu qufvufajym=um;&mwGifæ

“usaemfwkd@tiftm;u enf;enf;av;yg/ enf;enf;av;qdkayr,fh tiftm;enf;enf; rsm;rsm; usaemfwdk@rSm bmvufeufrS rygygbl;? usaemfwkd@ acgif;aqmifawGuvnf; wbufu &efrlðyrlae&ifawmifrS jyefvnfckcHzdk@/ jyefvnf

wk@Hjyefzdk@ vkH;0cGifhrðyxm;ygbl;? aemufqkH; pum;ukefrSmxm;wmuawmh olwdk@\dkufwmawmifrS }udwfrSdwf+yD; cHay;&r,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@acgif;aqmifawGu rSmxm;w,f”[k ajymjycJhonf?

tzGJ@csKyfacgif;aqmifrsm;u xdkokd@rSm=um;xm;onfhtwGuf tzGJ@0ifrsm;tm;vkH;onf wpkHw&m jyefvnfrwHk@jyefojzifht=urf;zufolrsm;onf ydkrdktwifh&Jvm+yD;rn‡mrwm\kdufESufcJhykHudk udkaZmfaZmfatmifu æ

“taota=u rn‡mrwm\kdufwm/pmrsufESm(20)/ aumfvH(1)odk‹ ÖpmrsufESm(20)/ aumfvH(1)odk‹ ÖpmrsufESm(20)/ aumfvH(1)odk‹ ÖpmrsufESm(20)/ aumfvH(1)odk‹ ÖpmrsufESm(20)/ aumfvH(1)odk‹ Ö

owif;pof - ibiblio.org · jrefrrrmedkifihvgwfvyfonfhowif;at*sifpd owif;pof ( 15-1-99...

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