C. Halatsis D. Maritsas G. Philokyprou S. Theodoridis (Eds.)

PARLE '94 Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe

6th International PARLE Conference Athens, Greece, July 4-8, 1994 Proceedings

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest

Series Editors

Gerhard Goos Universit~t Karlsruhe Postfach 69 80 Vincenz-Priessnitz-StraBe 1 D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany

Juris Hartmanis Cornell University Department of Computer Science 4130 Upson Hall Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

Volume Editors

Costas Halatsis George Philokyprou Department of Informatics, University of Athens Panepistimiopolis, GR-15771 Ilisia, Athens, Greece

Dimitrios Maritsas Sergios Theodoridis Computer Technology Institute 3, Kolokotroni str., GR-26221 Patras, Greece

CR Subject Classification (1991): C. 1-4, D. 1-4, E 1-2

ISBN 3-540-58184-7 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387-58184-7 Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg

CIP data applied for

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

�9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Printed in Germany

Typesetting: Camera-ready by author SPIN: 10131316 45/3140-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper

Preface

PARLE is the main scientific event on parallel processing held in Europe. It is an international conference focusing on parallel computer languages and architectures. Since its origination in 1987 as an initiative coming from ESPRIT I programme, it has grown to a major event which has assumed high international reputation and is the European forum on parallelism.

Parallel processing is now well established within the high performance computing technology and constitutes the main thrust towards the development of new products and solutions which pose demand for large scale computation. From that point of view parallel processing is of strategic importance not only for the informatics industry, but also for a wide area of applications. Porting classical applications to the already existing parallel machines, developing new applications which would be infeasible in the realm of the uniprocessor, and designing new more powerful parallel computers has become the "new world" for the computer scientists, the engineers and the implementors. It is anticipated that the impact of parallelism will be not only on the computer industry, but also on other industrial sectors. The whole economy will be affected by parallelism in the near future.

PARLE '94 was organized in Athens by the Computer Technology Institute at Patras, Greece (C.T.I.) as the sixth in a series of similar events. The conference was organized under the auspices of AFCET and sponsored by the Commision of the European Union, the Greek Ministry of Cultural Affairs, the General Secretariat of Research and Technology, the Ministry of Education, and the following companies: INTRACOM, INTRASOFT, OTE (Greek Telecommunications Organization), PANAPHON, SIEMENS HELLAS, STET HELLAS.

PARLE '94 is the last conference in the form of PARLE. From 1995 onwards it will continue as EURO-PAR. This will be the result of merging two major events in the area of parallel processing namely PARLE and CONPAR/VAPP. The new joint event EURO-PAR '95 will take place in Kista, Sweden and will be organized by SICS.

The members of the PARLE '94 Organizing Committee are grateful to the authors, the members of the Programme and Steering Committees, the referees, and the supporting organizations and companies

May 1994 C. Halatsis, D. Maritsas, G. Philokyprou, S. Theodoridis

VI

PARLE'94 Organization

Steering Committee

Bradier Agnes (DGIII, CEU, B) Damm Werner (U. of Oldenburg, I)) Delgado Jose (INESC, P) Etiemble Daniel (U. of Paris-sud, F) Grandinetti Lucio (U. of Calabria, I) Halatsis Constantin (U. of Athens, GR) Perrot Ron (U. of Belfast, UK) Staunstrup Jorgen (TU Denmark, DK) Valero Mateo (U. of Catalunya, E) Wijshof Harry (U. of Leiden, NL) Wolper Pierre (U. of Liege, B)

Organizing Committee

Amamiya Makoto (Kyushu U., J.) Japan & Asian Coordinator DeGroot Doug (TI/CSC, USA) N. & S. American Coordinator Efstathiadou Rosina (CTI, GR) Treasurer Halatsis Constantin (U. of Athens, GR) Steering Committee Liaison Kaesuk Peter (KFKI, H) Central & East European Coordinator Maritsas Dimitrios (CTI, GR) Joint Programme Chair Philokyprou George (U. of Athens, GR) Joint Programme Chair Ractliffe Michael (ECRC, D) Organization Consultant Reeve Mike (DGIII, CEU, B) West European Coordinator Theodoridis Sergios (CTI, GR) Organizing Committee Chairman

Sponsors

Commision of the European Union Greek Ministry of Cultural Affairs General Secretariat of Research and Teclmology Ministry of Education Intracom Intrasoft OTE (Greek Telecommunications Organization) Panaphon Siemens Hellas Telestet

vii

Programme Committee

Aarts Emile (Philips/Research, NL) Agha Gul (U. of Illinois, USA) Ali Khayri (SICS, S) Amamiya Makoto (Kyushu U., J) Bergsten Bjorn (Bull / RADO, F) Boari Maurelio (U. of Bologna, I) Boyanov Kiril (Bulgarian A.Sci.,BU) Ciepielewski Andrzej (SICS, S) Cosnard Michel (ENS, F) Costa Felix (INESC, P) Cunha Jose (U. of Nova de Lisboa, P) Darlington John (Imperial College, UK) DeGroot Doug (TI/CSC, USA) Delgado Jose (1NESC, P) Diaz Josep (U. of Catalunya, E) Etiemble Daniel ((U. of Paris-Sud, F) Fox GeoftYey (Syracuse U., USA) Futo Ivan (Multilogic, H) Gao Guang (McGill U., CDN) Gentzsch Wolfrang (Genias, D) Gribomont Pascal (I. Montefiore, I~) Gruska Joscf (U. of tlamburg, D) Hankin Chris (Imperial College, UK) Hatzopoulos Michalis (U. of Athens, GR) Hayashi Hiromu (Fujitsu/Laboratories, J) [lermenegildo Manuel (U. of Madrid, E) Hilbers Peter (Shell/Research, NL) Illuchy Ladislav (Slovak A. Sci., Slowikia) Janssens D. (U. of Antwerp, B) Jesshope Chris (U. of Surrey, UK) Kacsuk Peter (KFKI, I1) Kersten Martin (CWI, NL) Kitsuregawa Masaru (U. of Tokyo, J) Kotagiri Rao (U. of Melbourne, AUS) Lecussan Bernard (ONERA/CERT, F) Monien Burkhard (U. of Padcrborn, I)) Nieison Flemming (U. of Aarhus, I)K) Papadimitriou Christos (UCSI), USA) Papakonstantinou George (NTUA, G R) Reeve Michael (ECRC, I)) Restivo Emile (U. of Porto, P) Roose Dirk (K.U. Leuven, B) Spirakis Paul (CTI, GR) Staunstrup Jorgen (TU Denmark, DK) Taki Kazuo (Kobe U., J) Terada Hiroaki (Osaka U., J) Theodoridis Sergios (CT1, GR) Tokoro Mario (Keio U., J) Trobee Roman (Inst. "Stefan", Slovenia) Tudruj Marek (Polish A.Sci., PL) Wong Kam-Fai (Chinese 1.I. of Hong Kong)

Contents

Interconnection Networks I

Improved Probabilistic Routing on Generalized Hypercubes Afonso G. Ferreira, Miltos D. Grammatikakis

Efficient Data Communication in Incomplete Hypercubes Jenshiuh Liu, Wen-Jing Hsu

Efficient Communication in the Folded Petersen Interconnection Networks Sabine R. Ohring, Sajal K. Das

Compiling Techniques

Compiling Rewriting onto SIMD and MIMD/SIMD Machines P. Lincoln, N. Martf-Oliet, J. Meseguer, L. Ricciulli

A Compilation Technique for Varying Communication Cost NUMA Architectures Santosh Pande, Kleanthis Psarris

A Data Partitioning Algorithm for Distributed Memory Compilation Michael O'Boyle

Special Purpose Systems

Towards a High Precision Massively Parallel Computer Mario Fiallos Aguilar, Jean Duprat

On the Testability of Purely Recursive Digital Filters Anastasios Vergis, Vassilios Verykios

Communication Protocols

Voting on Synchronous Communications Richard P. Hopkins

Protocol Validation: A Parallel Technique to Reduce the Reachability Tree Abderrahim Benslimane

13

25

37

49

61

73

85

97

109

•

Algorithms for Multiprocessor Networks

Optimal Parallel Execution of Complete Binary Trees and Grids into Most Popular Interconnection Networks E. Bampis, J.-C. KOnig, D. Trystram

Time-Optimal Nearest-Neighbor Computations on Enhanced Meshes Stephan Olariu, Nan Stojmenovic

Simulation of PRAM Models on Meshes Ville Leppanen, Martti Penttonen

On the Multisearching Problem for Hypercubes Mikhail J. Atallah, Andreas Fabri

Programming Environments

Code Liberation - A Tool for Refitting Code to a Parallel Environment Patricia Prather Pineo

High-Level Visualization of Parallel Logic Program Execution Steven D. Prestwich, Anthony J. Kusalik

Next-Generation Parallel Performance Visualization: A Prototyping Environment for Visualization Development Steven T. Hackstadt, Allen D. Malony

A Formal Approach to Modeling Expected Behavior in Parallel Program Visualizations Joseph L. Shamowski, Betty H.C. Cheng

Interconnection Networks II

An Improvement in the Size-Depth Tradeoff for Strictly Non-Blocking Generalized-Concentration Networks H.K. Dai

Bypass Strategy in Hypercube Multiprocessors by Adding Bus Connections Tsutomu lshikawa

OPTIMUL: A Hybrid Multiprocessor for Distributed and Shared Memory Multiprocessing with WDM Optical Fiber Interconnections Kanad Ghose

122

134

146

159

167

180

192

202

214

226

238

xI

Scientific Computing

ILIAS: A Sequential Language for Parallel Matrix Computations L.D.J.C. Loyens, J.R. Moonen

Static Communications in Parallel Scientific Programs Damien Gautier de Lahaut, C6cile Germain

Load Balancing for Extrapolation Methods on Distributed Memory Multiprocessors Thomas Rauber, Gudula Rtinger

Performance Evaluation

On the Definition of Speedup Wolfgang Ertel

Petri Net Performance Models of Parallel Systems - Methodology and Case Study H. Wabnig, G. Haring

Data Distribution

Run-Time Optimization of Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication on SIMD Machines Louis H. Ziantz, Can C. t3zturan, Boleslaw K. Szymanski

A New Approach to Array Redistribution: Strip Mining Redistribution Akiyoshi Wakatani, Michael Wolfe

Cache Systems

Analytic Model of a Cache only Memory Architecture Carlos Carreras, Carlos A. L6pez, Manuel Hermenegildo

Memory Assignment for Multiprocessor Caches Through Grey Coloring Anant Agarwal, John V. Guttag, Christoforos N. Hadjicostis, Marios C. Papaefthymiou

An Adaptive Update-Based Cache Coherence Protocol for Reduction of Miss Rate and Traffic H~tkan Nilsson, Per Stenstr6m

Eliminating Invalidation in Coherent-Cache Parallel Graph Reduction Andrew J. Bennett, Paul H.J. Kelly

250

262

277

289

301

313

323

336

351

363

375

xII

Language Issues

Enhancing Parallelism by Removing Cyclic Data Dependencies Fubo Zhang, Erik H. D'Hollander

An Interaction-Based Language and Its Typing System Kaku Takeuchi, Kohei Honda, Makoto Kubo

On the Parallelism of Data Constantinos V. Papadopoulos

Predicative Polymorphism in re-Calculus Vasco Thudichum Vasconcelos

Language Implementation

Improving the Execution of the Dependent And-Parallel Prolog DDAS Kish Shen

OR-Parallel Prolog on Distributed Memory Systems Peter Kacsuk Efficient Distributed Memory Implementation of a Data Parallel Functional Language Herbert Kuchen, Rinus Plasmeijer, Holger Stoltze

Applications

Modelling Photochemical Pollution Using Parallel and Distributed Computing Platforms D. Abramson, M. Cope, R. McKenzie

Parallel Algorithms and Interval Selection Strategies for Globally Adaptive Quadrature J.M. Bull, T.L. Freeman

Systolic Designs for Evaluating Linear Combinations of Chebyshev Polynomials Octav Brudaru, Graham M. Megson

Systems Evaluation

The Impact of the KSR1 Allcache Architecture on the Behavior of the DBS3 Parallel DBMS Beno~t Dageville, Patrick Casadessus, Pascale Borla-Salamet

387

398

414

425

438

453

464

478

490

502

514

xIII

Sparse Generalized HyperGrids for Performance Scalability Fotios K. Liotopoulos

Miscellanea

A Distributed Garbage Collector for Active Objects Isabelle Puaut

Bus-Based Parallel Computers: A Viable Way for Massive Parallelism Afonso G. Ferreira, A. Goldman vel Lejbman, S.W. Song

Scheduling

Implementation of GTS Cristina Barrado, Jesfis Labarta, Patricia Borensztejn

A Hierarchical Activation Management Technique for Fine-Grain Multithreaded Execution Chinhyun Kim, Jean-Luc Gaudiot

Scheduling Task Graphs onto Distributed Memory Multiprocessors Under Realistic Constraints Neelima Mehdiratta, Kanad Ghose

A Dynamic Algorithm for Online Scheduling of Parallel Processes Constantinos V. Papadopoulos

Semantics

COREA: A Synchronous Calculus of Parallel Communicating Reactive Automata Frtdtric Boniol

Deriving Histories of Nets with Priority Relation Ryszard Janicki, Maciej Koutny

What Do You Get from a re-Calculus Semantics? Matthias Radestock, Susan Eisenbach

Rewriting: An Effective Model of Concurrency Patrick Viry

526

539

553

565

577

589

601

611

623

635

648

xIv

Load Balancing

Mercury: Object-Affinity Scheduling and Continuation Passing on Multiprocessors Robert J. Fowler, Leonikas Kontothanassis

Dynamic Allocation of Communication Bandwidth in Multicomputers Abdel-Halim Smai, Lars-Erik ThoreUi

Load-Balanced Priority Queues on Distributed Memory Machines Ajay K. Gupta, Andreas G. Photiou

Parallel Algorithms

Parallel Computations with Algebraic Numbers - A Case Study: Jordan Normal Form of Matrices J.L. Roch, G. Villard

Batch Dynamic Algorithms for Two Graph Problems Paolo Ferragina, Fabrizio Luccio

A General Method for Maximizing the Error-Detecting Ability of Distributed Algorithms Martina Schollmeyer, Bruce McMillin

Poster Session

MAGE: A Massively Agent Execution System for Logic Programming Constantin Mourlas, Constantin Halatsis

Checking the Serial Correctness of Control-Parallel Programs Gilbert Caplain, Ren6 Lalement, Thierry Salset

NXLib - A Parallel Programming Environment for Workstation Clusters Georg Stellner, Arndt Bode, Stefan Lamberts, Thomas Ludwig

Applying Human Factors Techniques to the Design of a Tool for Parallel Program Performance Analysis and Tuning Anna Hondroudakis, Rob Procter

An Actor-Based Programming System for Heterogeneous Processing Jocelyn Desbiens, Michel Toulouse, Martin Lavoie, St6phane Pouzyreff, Pierre Raymond, Tahar Tamazouzt

Introducing Fairness in CSP Systems Specified with State Variables Ricardo Pefia, Luis A. Galdn

661

677

689

701

713

725

737

741

745

749

753

757

xv

A Dataflow-Based Massively Parallel Programming Language and Its Implementation Shigeru Kusakabe, Eiichi Takahashi, Rin-ichiro Taniguchi, Makoto Amamiya

Using Subpages for Coherency Control in Parallel Database Systems Andreas Listl

A New Multi-Dimensional Interconnection Network for SIMD Architectures C. Verdier, A. Lafage, E. Boutillon, A. Demeure

A Scalable Bit-Sequential SIMD Architecture for Pattern Recognition Martin Neschen, Martin Gumm

An Iterative Array Processor Architecture for Matrix Computation Stephen P.S. Lam

Datarol-II: A Fine-Grain Massively Parallel Architecture Tetsuo Kawano, Shigeru Kusakabe, Rin-ichiro Taniguchi, Makoto Amamiya

From BSP to a Virtual von Neumann Machine N. Kalantery, S.C. Winter, D.R. Wilson

Data Parallel Relational Database Processing on the Connection Machine CM-2 with Data Vault Hideaki Okada, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Masaru Kitsuregawa

Staggered Scheme: A Loop Allocation Policy A.R. Hurson, J.T. Lim, B. Shirazi, K. Kavi

Using Parallel Simulated Annealing in the Mapping Problem Robic Borut, Jurij Silc

A New Parallel MIND Connected Component Labeling Algorithm Thomas Johansson, Ewert Bengtsson

Using Reference Counters in Update-Based Coherent Memory Evangelos Markatos, Catherine E. Chronaki

Compositional Reasoning About Real-Time Distributed Systems with Limited Resources Henk Schepers

Dynamic Load Balancing on a Virtually-Shared Memory Parallel Computer System Dimitris Lioupis, Michael Stefanidakis

761

765

769

773

777

781

785

789

793

797

801

805

809

813

xvI

Analysing the Load Balancing Scheme of a Parallel System on Multiprocessors - A Modeling Approach Johann Schumann, Manfred Jobmann

Performance of Interconnection Network in Multithreaded Architectures S.S. Nemawarkar, R. Govindarajan, Guang R. Gao, Vinod K. Agarwal

Scheduling Algorithms Performance with the pSystem Parallel Programming Environment Lufs M.B. Lopes, Fernando M.A. Silva

A New Routing Scheme for Concatenating Two Omega Networks Seung-Woo Seo, Tse-yun Feng

819

823

827

831

Authors Index 835