passato prossimo the present perfect. index goals by lesson’s end the learner will be able to:...
TRANSCRIPT
Passato Prossimo
The Present Perfect
INDEX
GoalsBy lesson’s end the learner will be able to:1. Discuss the differences and the similarities
between the English Present Perfect and the Italian Passato Prossimo.
2. Form the Passato Prossimo in Italian with both:1. Essere helping verbs and2. Avere helping verbs
3. Use the Passato Prossimo in context.
PRESENT PERFECTPassato Prossimo
Goals
By lesson’s end the learner will be able to:1. Define the English Present Perfect.2. Provide examples of the regular formation of
the tense.3. Provide examples of the irregular formation
of the tense.4. Use the English Present Perfect in context.
The Present Perfect• In English the Present Perfect indicates an action that has
been completed in the recent past. For example:
Yesterday I walked home from school.
• In this example we see that:– The action occurred recently: Yesterday– The action was completed entirely: There is nothing left to say.
• Can anyone think of a Present Perfect sentence?
The Present Perfect• In English the Present Perfect is created by adding ‘-ed’ to a
regular verb. For example:
To walk – Infinitive formI walked – Present Perfect
To watch – Infinitive formI watched – Present Perfect
To call – Infinitive formI called – Present Perfect
Can anyone think of similar examples of ‘-ed’ verbs?
The Present Perfect• As we have seen in English the Present Perfect is created by
adding ‘-ed’ to a regular verb. For example:To walk – Infinitive form
I walked – Present Perfect• There are also irregular English verbs that do not follow this
pattern, for example:To run – Infinitive form
I ran – Present Perfect• As you can see, irregular Present Perfect verbs change the
entire form of the verb.Can anyone think of similar examples of irregular verbs?
PASSATO PROSSIMOPresent Perfect
GoalsBy lesson’s end the learner will be able to:
1. Explain when the Italian Passato Prossimo is used.2. Discuss the similarities and the differences between the
English Present Perfect and the Italian Passato Prossimo.3. Provide examples of the avere formation and the essere
formation.4. Provide examples of the regular formation of the tense.5. Provide examples of the irregular formation of the tense.6. Use the Passato Prossimo in context.
Passato Prossimo = Kodak Moment• The English Present Perfect is called Passato
Prossimo in Italian.• As its English equivalent the Italian Passato
Prossimo discusses events that have been completed in the recent past.
• The Passato Prossimo action can be captured as a Kodak Moment.
Passato Prossimo• The Passato Prossimo in Italian comes in two
flavors:– Essere verbs– Avere verbs
• The first flavor of Passato Prossimo verbs that we will discuss is the Avere variety.
Reviewing• Are you ready to answers a few questions
about what we have discussed thus far?
YES NO
Can you answer these questions?
• How many flavors of the Passato Prossimo are there?
• What is the Present Perfect in English? • How is it formed in English? • What is the equivalent of the English form called in
Italian? • What does the concept of the Kodak Moment mean?
• What are these flavors of the Passato Prossimo?
Reviewing• Are you comfortable with the material that has been
presented?• Do you feel that you have answered the questions
with ease and you are now ready to continue?• If you have answered ‘yes’ to both questions then
click on the “Yes” button.YES NO
RIPASSANDO IL VERBO AVEREReviewing the avere helping verb
Goals
By lesson’s end the learner will be able to:1. Conjugate avere in the Present Indicative.
AvereSubject Pronoun
Verb
Singular
1st Io Ho
2nd Tu Hai
3rd Lui, lei, (Lei)
Ha
Plural
1st Noi Abbiamo
2nd Voi Avete
3rd Loro (Loro) Hanno
Reviewing• Are you ready to answers a few questions
about what we have discussed thus far?
YES NO
Ripasso del verbo Avere1. La zia (avere) una macchina tedesca.2. Noi non (avere) il biglietto per il teatro.3. Tu (avere) tempo prima di studiare.4. Io (avere) un amico italo-francese.5. Loro (avere) una casa al mare.6. Gina e tu (avere) un DVDregistatore SONY.7. Lui non (avere) una casa in montagna.8. Marta e Tina non (avere) un lettore DVD.9. Io e Dario (avere) del tempo libero per studiare.10. Voi (avere) i soldi per comprare un nuovo DVD.
Reviewing• Are you comfortable with the material that has been
presented?• Do you feel that you have answered the questions
with ease and you are now ready to continue?• If you have answered ‘yes’ to both questions then
click on the “Yes” button.YES NO
THE PAST PARTICIPLEThe Participio Passato
GoalsBy lesson’s end the learner will be able to:1. Explain what a Past Participle is.2. Form the Past Participle of regular verbs.
1. Provide examples of the Past Participle of regular verbs.
3. Form the Past Participle of irregular verbs.1. Provide examples of the Past Participle of irregular verbs.
The Past Participle
What is a Past Participle in English?
• A past participle indicates past or completed action or time. It is often called the 'ed' form as it is formed by adding ‘-d’ or ‘-ed,’ to the base form of regular verbs, however it is also formed in various other ways for irregular verbs. [Definition from: Learn English.]
• It can be used to form a verb phrase as part of the present perfect tense. [Definition from: Learn English.]
The Past Participle of Regular Verbs• As we have seen regular verbs form the Past
Participle by adding either a ‘-d’ or an ‘-ed’ to the infinitive form, for example:– To walk … walk + ed = walked– To jump … jump + ed = jumped– To plant … plant + ed = planted
Reviewing• Are you ready to answers a few questions
about what we have discussed thus far?
YES NO
Can you form the Past Participle of these verbs?
1. Watch2. Enjoy3. Read4. Spend5. Study6. Finish7. Test8. Eat9. Arrive10. Swim
Reviewing• Are you comfortable with the material that has been
presented?• Do you feel that you have answered the questions
with ease and you are now ready to continue?• If you have answered ‘yes’ to both questions then
click on the “Yes” button.
YES NO
IL PARTICIPIO PASSATOThe Past Participle
GoalsBy lesson’s end the learner will be able to:1. Explain what a Participio Passato is.2. Form the Participio Passato of regular verbs.
1. Provide examples of the Participio Passato of regular verbs.
3. Form the Participio Passato of irregular verbs.1. Provide examples of the Participio Passato of
irregular verbs.
The Past Participle = Il Participio Passato
What is a Participio Passato?• The Italian equivalent of the Past Participle is the
Participio Passato.• In Italian Participio Passato by itself has no
meaning.• A Participio Passato in Italian is used to form part
of a compound verb indicating a past action.– A compound verb is a verb consisting of two parts.
Participio Passato di Verbi RegolariHow is a Participio Passato of a regular verb formed?
To form the Participio Passato of a regular verb, follow these steps:Verbs ending in ‘-are’:Parlare … Parlare … Parl + ato => ParlatoVendere … Vendere … Vend + uto => VendutoUscire … Uscire … Usc + ito => Uscito Capire … Capire … Cap + ito => Capito --- There is no isc!
Reviewing• Are you ready to answers a few questions
about what we have discussed thus far?
YES NO
Can you form the Past Participle of these verbs?
Volgere al Participio Passato1. Guardare2. Ballare3. Avere4. Ubbidire5. Studiare6. Finire7. Attaccare8. Battere9. Camminare10. Giocare11. Comprare12. Vendere13. Portare14. Sottolineare15. Salire
Volgere al Participio Passato1. Allegare2. Mangiare3. Potere4. Riportare5. Spedire6. Passare7. Partire8. Dimostrare9. Dovere10. Attraversare11. Elencare12. Ricevere13. Volere14. Controllare15. Dormire
Reviewing• Are you comfortable with the material that has been
presented?• Do you feel that you have answered the questions
with ease and you are now ready to continue?• If you have answered ‘yes’ to both questions then
click on the “Yes” button.YES NO
PASSATO PROSSIMO CON AVEREPresent Perfect with the avere helping verb
GoalsBy lesson’s end the learner will be able to:
1. Conjugate avere in the Present Indicative.2. Form the Past Participle of a regulare ‘-are’ , ‘-ere’ and ‘-
ire’ verb.3. Provide examples of the avere formation of the Passato
Prossimo.4. Provide examples of the regular formation of the Passato
Prossimo.5. Provide examples of the irregular formation of the
Passato Prossimo.6. Use the Passato Prossimo of avere verbs in context.
Passato Prossimo = Kodak Moment• As you know the Passato Prossimo represents
a Kodak Moment.– That is: It connotes an action that has been
completed in the recent past.
Passato Prossimo Has Two Parts• The Passato Prossimo has two parts:
– A helping verb, called an auxiliary verb– A past participle
For example:Io ho parlatoTu hai vendutoLui ha capitoLei ha finitoNoi abbiamo parlatoVoi avete vendutoLoro hanno capitoLoro hanno finito
From this one can derive an important fact:
1. With avere verbs there is no change in the endings:1. -ato2. -uto3. -ito
Let us take a closer look…
Forming the Passato ProssimoThe Passato Prossimo is comprised of two parts:
Helping Verb + Past Participle
Some linguists call the helping verb an auxiliary verb. In the case of the avere verbs, the situation is as follows:
Avere (in some form) + -ato, -uto, -ito
Passato Prossimo: A Closer LookAs we have seen the Passato Prossimo is comprised of two parts: Helping Verb + Past Participle. The question becomes: Which form of the helping verb is to be used? Look to the subject for help! Remember that the helping verb in this case is AVERE.
Io (parlare) italiano in casa.
Subject
1st
Singular
This tells me that the helping verb is going to be a first person singular form
Avere
Sing.
1 Io Ho
2 Tu Hai
3 Lui Ha
Pl.
1 Noi Abbiamo
2 Voi Avete
3 Loro HannoIo ho (parlare) italiano in casa.
-ato
Io ho parlato italiano in casa.
Passato Prossimo: A Closer LookAs we have seen the Passato Prossimo is comprised of two parts:
Helping Verb + Past Participle
The question becomes: Which form of the helping verb is to be used?
Look to the subject for help!
Remember that the helping verb in this case is AVERE.
Avere
Sing.
1 Io Ho
2 Tu Hai
3 Lui Ha
Pl.
1 Noi Abbiamo
2 Voi Avete
3 Loro Hanno
Io (parlare) italiano in casa. -atoSubject
1st
Singular
ho
Passato Prossimo: Another Example
The following examples are all based on “avere” verbs.
Lorena ed Alberto (capire) la lezione.
Subject
3rd Plural
HANNO
Capire
Cap+ ito
CAPITO
Lorena ed Alberto hanno capito la lezione.
Reviewing• Are you ready to answers a few questions
about what we have discussed thus far?
YES NO
Usando Il Passato Prossimo1. Gina ed io (visitare) Firenze il mese scorso.2. Tina (comprare) una giacca di pelle in un negozio su Ponte Vecchio.3. Tu (aspettare) molto tempo in coda per comprare i biglietti.4. Marta (salire) le scale della cupola di Brunelleschi per vedere il
panorama.5. Io (vedere) due capolavori di Botticelli agli Uffizi l’anno scorso.6. Ghilberti (creare) le porte del battistero.7. Voi non (mangiare) con noi ieri sera.8. Io (pagare) molto per il pranzo.9. Lei (ricevere) molte mail da casa questa mattina.10. Loro (ordinare) cena in camera.