PDMIETThe PDM Group of Institutions (popularly known as PDM) is a 

group of educational institutions established by the Prabhu Dayal Memorial Religious & Educational Association. They are located in the city of Bahadurgarh, in the State of Haryana, India. 

P.D.M Institute of Engineering & Technology, Karsindhu is a self financing institute made its modest beginning in 2005. Since then it is rapidly gaining recognition & popularity among the discerning academic circles. The institute is fully devoted to the development of professional engineers to face the challenges of the rapidly changing industrial world. The institute is recognized by State Board of Technical Education, Haryana & All India council for Technical Education.

HYDRAULIC PRESS WORK ON PASCAL’S LAW

An incompressible liquid can be used to transmit an increase in pressure. Similarly, a small force, acting on a small surface area and through a large distance, can produce a large force that acts on a larger surface and through a smaller distanc hydraulics : Hydrodynamics   (Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up))The principle of continuity in hydrodynamics is based on the assumption that liquid flowing steadily through a contracting pipe has a constant volume flow rate at any cross section. The volume flow rate at each interval is equal to the velocity of the liquid times the cross-sectional area. Since ... 

INTRODUCTION OF HYDRAULIC PRESS

Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids or fluids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid version of pneumatics. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties. In fluid power, hydraulics are used for the generation, control, and transmission of power by the use ofpressurized liquids. Hydraulic topics range through some part of science and most of engineering modules, and cover concepts such as pipe flow, dam design, fluidics and fluid control circuitry, pumps,turbines, hydropower, computational fluid dynamics, flow measurement,river      channel behavior and erosion.

Free surface hydraulics is the branch of hydraulics dealing with free surface flow, such as occurring in rivers, canals, lakes, estuaries andseas. Its sub-field open channel flow studies the flow in open channels.

The word "hydraulics" originates from the Greek word ὑδραυλικός(hydraulikos) which in turn originates from ὕδωρ (hydor, Greek forwater) and αὐλός (aulos, meaning pipe).

MAIN COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC PRESS

PISTON CYLINDER    DISTRIBUTOR    OIL TANK    HOSE PIPES     NOZZLE    FRAME    HYDRAULIC PUMP    ELECTRIC MOTOR    GEAR OIL    BELT AND PULLEY   

PISTON CYLINDER

A double-acting cylinder is a cylinder in which the working fluid acts alternately on both sides of the piston. In order to connect the piston in a double-acting cylinder to an external mechanism, such as a crank shaft, a hole must be provided in one end of the cylinder for the piston rod and this is fitted with a gland or 'stuffing box' to prevent escape of the working fluid. Double-acting cylinders are common in steam engines but unusual in other engine types. Many hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders use them where it is needed to produce a force in both directions.

DISTRIBUTOR

Hydraulic engineering is the application of fluid mechanics principles to problems dealing with the collection, storage, control, transport, regulation, measurement, and use of water.[1] Before beginning a hydraulic engineering project, one must figure out how much water is involved. The hydraulic engineeris concerned with the transport of sediment by the river, the interaction of the water with its alluvial boundary, and the occurrence of scour and deposition.[1]"The hydraulic engineer actually develops conceptual designs for the various features which interact with water such as spillways and outlet works for dams, culverts for highways, canals and related structures for irrigation projects, and cooling-water facilities for thermal power plants."

OIL TANK

A tank is a large type of armoured fighting vehicle with tracks, designed for front-line combat. Modern tanks are strong mobile land weapons platforms, mounting a large-calibre cannon in a rotating gun turret. They combine this with heavy vehicle armour providing protection for the crew of the weapon and operational mobility, which allows them to position on the battlefield in advantageous locations. These features enable the tank to have enormous capability to perform well in a tacticalsituation: the combination of strong weapons fire from their tank gunand their ability to resist enemy fire means the tank can take hold of and control an area of the battle and prevent other enemy vehicles from advancing, for example. In both offensive and defensive roles, they are powerful units able to perform all primary tasks[which?] required of armoured troops on the battlefield.[1] The modern tank was the result of a century of development from primitive armoured vehicles, due to improvements in technology such as the internal combustion engine, which allowed the rapid movement of heavy equipment required to construct armoured vehicles. As a result of these advances, tanks underwent tremendous shifts in capability during the World Wars of the 20th century.

HOSE PIPES

A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to another. Hoses are also sometimes called pipes (the word pipe usually refers to a rigid tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more generallytubing. The shape of a hose is usually cylindrical (having a circular cross section).

Hose design is based on a combination of application and performance. Common factors are Size, Pressure Rating, Weight, Length, Straight hose or Coilhose and Chemical Compatibility.

Hoses are made from one or a combination of many different materials. Applications mostly use nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene, PVC, or synthetic or natural rubbers, based on the environment and pressure rating needed. In recent years, hoses can also be manufactured from special grades of polyethylene (LDPEand especially LLDPE). Other hose materials include PTFE (Teflon), stainless steeland other metals.

NOZZLE

A propelling nozzle converts a gas turbine or gas generator into a jet engine. Energy

available in the gas turbine exhaust is converted into a high speed propelling jet by the

nozzle. Turbofan engines may have an additional and separate propelling nozzle which

produces a high speed propelling jet from the energy in the air that has passed through

the fan. In addition, the nozzle helps to determine how the gas generator and fan

operate as it acts as a downstream restrictor.[1]

Propelling nozzles accelerate the available gas to subsonic, transonic, or supersonic

velocities depending on the power setting of the engine, their internal shape and the

pressures at entry to, and exit from, the nozzle. The internal shape may be convergent

or convergent-divergent (C-D). C-D nozzles can accelerate the jet to supersonic

velocities within the divergent section, whereas a convergent nozzle cannot accelerate

the jet beyond sonic speed.[2]

FRAME

This concept was a guiding factor in Einstein's development of the general theory of relativity. Einstein realized that the overall distribution of matter would determine the metric tensor, which tells you which frame is rotationally stationary. Frame dragging and conservation of gravitational angular momentum makes this into a true statement in the general theory in certain solutions. But because the principle is so vague, many distinct statements can be (and have been) made which would qualify as a Mach principle, and some of these are false. The Gödel rotating universe is a solution of the field equations which is designed to disobey Mach's principle in the worst possible way. In this example, the distant stars seem to be revolving faster and faster as one moves further away. This example doesn't completely settle the question, because it has closed timelike curves.

HYDRAULIC PUMP

Hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic drive systems and can be hydrostatic or hydrodynamic. A hydraulic pump is a mechanical source of power that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy (hydrostatic energy i.e. flow, pressure). It generates flow with enough power to overcome pressure induced by the load at the pump outlet. When a hydraulic pump operates, it creates a vacuum at the pump inlet, which forces liquid from the reservoir into the inlet line to the pump and by mechanical action delivers this liquid to the pump outlet and forces it into the hydraulic system.

ELECTRIC MOTOR

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The reverse of this would be the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and is done by an electric generator.

In normal motoring mode, most electric motors operate through the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic field and winding currents to generate force within the motor. In certain applications, such as in the transportation industry withtraction motors, electric motors can operate in both motoring and generating or braking modes to also produce electrical energy from mechanical energy.

GEAR OIL

Gear oil is a lubricant made specifically for transmissions, transfer cases,

and differentials in automobiles, trucks, and other machinery. It is of a higher viscosity to

better protect the gears and usually is associated with a strong sulfur smell. The high

viscosity ensures transfer of lubricant throughout the gear train. This is necessary since

the devices needing this heavy oil do not have pumps for transferring the oil with only a

portion of the lowermost gears bathed in an oil sump. This heavy oil can create viscous

drag leading to inefficiencies in vehicle operation. Some modern

automatic transaxles (integrated transmission and differential) do not use a heavy oil at

all but lubricate with the lower viscosity hydraulic fluid, which is available at pressure

within the automatic transmission.

BELT AND PULLEYBelt Pulley was a U.S.-based magazine dedicated to antique farm tractors of all brands and makes. It published successfully for over 2 decades and was one of the best known titles in the category. It was a family business run first by the Aumann family and then by the Elmore family. In 2009 it was sold, and the new owner eventually changed the name of the publication to Vintage Tractor Digest. This ended its publication under the Belt Pulley title.

Belt Pulley magazine was founded in 1986 by Kurt Aumann of Nokomis, Illinois. Aumann was only 16 years of age when he first started publishing the magazine. As early as 1987, Jane Waterman of Palmer, Illinois, came to work for the Belt Pulleymagazine in the position of Assistant Editor. In 1989, Kurt and Jane were married, and they continued to work together editing and publishing the Belt Pulley. In 1998, Jane took over primary responsibility for the editing of the magazine as Kurt sought to build his auctioneering business called Aumann Auctions

ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULC PRESS

A press brake, also known as a brake press, is a machine tool for bending sheet and plate

material, most commonly sheet metal.[1] It forms predetermined bends by clamping the

workpiece between a matching punch and die.[2]

A HACO hydraulic press brake

Bending process

Typically, two C-frames form the sides of the press brake, connected to a table at the

bottom and on a moveable beam at the top. The bottom tool is mounted on the table with

the top tool mounted on the upper beam

MAIN ADVANTAGES OF HYDRAULIC PRESS ARE FOLLOWINGS

V-dies—the most common type of die. The bottom dies can be made with different-

sized die openings to handle a variety of materials and bend angles.

Rotary bending dies—a cylindrical shape with an 88-degree V-notch cut along its

axis is seated in the "saddle" of the punch. The die is an anvil over which the rocker

bends the sheet.

90 degree dies—largely used for bottoming operations. The die opening dimension

depends on material thickness.

Acute angle (air-bending) dies—used in air bending, these can actually be used to

produce acute, 90 degree, and obtuse angles by varying how deeply the punch

enters the die by adjusting the ram.

Gooseneck (return-flanging) dies—The punch is designed to allow for clearance of

already formed flanges

Offset dies—a combination punch and die set that bends two angles in one stroke to

produce a Z shape.

Hemming dies—two-stage dies combining an acute angle die with a flattening tool.

Seaming dies—There are a number of ways to build dies to produce seams in

sheets and tubes.

Radius dies—A radiused bend can be produced by a rounded punch. The bottom

die may be a V-die or may include a spring pad or rubber pad to form the bottom of

the die.

Beading dies—A bead or a "stopped rib" may be a feature that stiffens the resulting

part. The punch has a rounded head with flat shoulders on each side of the bead.

The bottom die is the inverse of the punch.

Curling dies—The die forms a curled or coiled edge on the sheet.

APPLICATION OF HYDRAULIC PRESS

Application

Hydraulic presses are commonly used for forging, clinching, moulding, blanking, punching, deep drawing, and metal forming

operations

In popular cultureA hydraulic press is the cause of death for the Terminator in the film of the same name, as well as Andre Delambre in The Fly. The room featured in Fermat's Roomhas a design similar to that of a hydraulic press. Boris Artzybasheff also created a drawing of a hydraulic press, in which the press was created out of the shape of arobot.