pengantar intercellular communication.ppt
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IntercellularIntercellularCommunicationCommunication
M. Djauhari WidjajakusumahM. Djauhari Widjajakusumah
Departemen FisiologiDepartemen Fisiologi
Fakultas Kedokteran UniversitasFakultas Kedokteran Universitas
IndonesiaIndonesia
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Intercellular CommunicationIntercellular Communication
Intercellular CommunicationIntercellular Communication
Cells communicate with each otherCells communicate with each other via chemical messengervia chemical messenger
Gap junctionGap junction
Chemical messenger move from cell to cell without enteringChemical messenger move from cell to cell without entering
ECFECF
Neural communicationNeural communication
Neurotransmitter released from nerve cells at synaptic junction,Neurotransmitter released from nerve cells at synaptic junction,
act across synaptic cleft on postsynaptic cellact across synaptic cleft on postsynaptic cell
Endocrine communicationEndocrine communication
Hormones reach and bind to receptors of the target cells via theHormones reach and bind to receptors of the target cells via the
circulating bloodcirculating blood
Paracrine communicationParacrine communication
roducts of cells di!use in the ECF to a!ect neighboring cellsroducts of cells di!use in the ECF to a!ect neighboring cells
Autocrine communicationAutocrine communication
Chemical messenger secreted by cell, bind to receptors on theChemical messenger secreted by cell, bind to receptors on thesame cell, i"e" the cell that secreted the messengersame cell, i"e" the cell that secreted the messenger
Cells communicate with each otherCells communicate with each other via chemical messengervia chemical messenger
Gap junctionGap junction
Chemical messenger move from cell to cell without enteringChemical messenger move from cell to cell without entering
ECFECF
Neural communicationNeural communication
Neurotransmitter released from nerve cells at synaptic junction,Neurotransmitter released from nerve cells at synaptic junction,
act across synaptic cleft on postsynaptic cellact across synaptic cleft on postsynaptic cell
Endocrine communicationEndocrine communication
Hormones reach and bind to receptors of the target cells via theHormones reach and bind to receptors of the target cells via the
circulating bloodcirculating blood
Paracrine communicationParacrine communication
roducts of cells di!use in the ECF to a!ect neighboring cellsroducts of cells di!use in the ECF to a!ect neighboring cells
Autocrine communicationAutocrine communication
Chemical messenger secreted by cell, bind to receptors on theChemical messenger secreted by cell, bind to receptors on the
same cell, i"e" the cell that secreted the messengersame cell, i"e" the cell that secreted the messenger
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Intercellular communication by chemicalIntercellular communication by chemical
mediatorsmediators
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#peciali$ed types of junctions#peciali$ed types of junctions
%any cells are physically joined at discrete%any cells are physically joined at discrete
locations along their membranes by speciali$edlocations along their membranes by speciali$ed
types of junctions &nown astypes of junctions &nown as
desmosomesdesmosomes tight junctionstight junctions
gap junctionsgap junctions
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Vander et al.: Human Physiology: The Mechanism ofVander et al.: Human Physiology: The Mechanism of
Body Function, Eighth Edition, 200Body Function, Eighth Edition, 200
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#peciali$ed types of junctions#peciali$ed types of junctions
DesmosomesDesmosomes
Consist of a region between two adjacent cells where theConsist of a region between two adjacent cells where theapposed plasma membranes are separated by about '(apposed plasma membranes are separated by about '(nmnm
Have a dense accumulation of protein at the cytoplasmicHave a dense accumulation of protein at the cytoplasmic
surface of each membrane and in the space between thesurface of each membrane and in the space between thetwo membranestwo membranes
rotein )bers e*tend from the cytoplasmic surface ofrotein )bers e*tend from the cytoplasmic surface ofdesmosomes into the cell and are lin&ed to otherdesmosomes into the cell and are lin&ed to otherdesmosomes on the opposite side of the cell"desmosomes on the opposite side of the cell"
+esmosomes function to hold adjacent cells )rmly+esmosomes function to hold adjacent cells )rmlytogether in areas that are subject to considerabletogether in areas that are subject to considerablestretching, such as in the s&in"stretching, such as in the s&in"
he speciali$ed area of the membrane in the region of ahe speciali$ed area of the membrane in the region of adesmosome is usually dis&-shaped, and these membranedesmosome is usually dis&-shaped, and these membrane
junctions could be li&ened to rivets or spot-welds"junctions could be li&ened to rivets or spot-welds"
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Vander et al.: Human Physiology: TheVander et al.: Human Physiology: The
Mechanism of Body Function, EighthMechanism of Body Function, Eighth
Edition, 200Edition, 200
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Tight junction
he e*tracellular surfaces of two adjacent plasma membranes arejoined together, no e*tracellular space between them
.ccurs in a band around the entire circumference of the cell"
%ost epithelial cells are joined by tight junctions
Epithelial cells cover the inner surface of the intestinal tract, come
in contact with the digestion products in the cavity of the tract
+uring absorption, the products of digestion move across theepithelium and enter the blood
For many substances movement through the e*tracellular space isbloc&ed by the tight junctions, and organic nutrients are re/uired
to pass through the cells, rather than between them he selective barrier properties of the plasma membrane can
control the types and amounts of absorbed substances
he ability of tight junctions to impede molecular movementbetween cells is not absolute" Ions and water can move throughthese junctions with varying degrees of ease in di!erent
epithelium"
#peciali$ed types of junctions#peciali$ed types of junctions
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Vander et al.: Human Physiology: TheVander et al.: Human Physiology: The
Mechanism of Body Function, EighthMechanism of Body Function, Eighth
Edition, 200Edition, 200
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0ap 1unction0ap 1unction0ap 1unction0ap 1unction #tructure in plasma membranes of cells that are in direct physical contact#tructure in plasma membranes of cells that are in direct physical contact
with one anotherwith one another
he two opposing plasma membranes come within ' to 2 nm of each other,he two opposing plasma membranes come within ' to 2 nm of each other,which allows speci)c proteins from the two membranes to join, forming small,which allows speci)c proteins from the two membranes to join, forming small,protein-lined channels lin&ing the two cells, lin&ing the cytosols of adjacentprotein-lined channels lin&ing the two cells, lin&ing the cytosols of adjacentcellscells
3llows cells to have direct communication by3llows cells to have direct communication by allowing small molecules to passallowing small molecules to pass
directly from the cytosol of one cell to the cytosol of an adjacent celldirectly from the cytosol of one cell to the cytosol of an adjacent cell 0ap junctions0ap junctions coordinate the activities of adjacent cellscoordinate the activities of adjacent cellsby allowing chemicalby allowing chemical
messengers to move from one cell to anothermessengers to move from one cell to another
he small diameter of the channels 4about 5"6 nm7 lhe small diameter of the channels 4about 5"6 nm7 l imits what can passimits what can passbetween the cytosols of the connected cells to small molecules and ions,between the cytosols of the connected cells to small molecules and ions, suchsuchas sodium and potassium, and e*cludes the e*change of large proteinsas sodium and potassium, and e*cludes the e*change of large proteins
Heart muscle cells and smooth-muscle cellsHeart muscle cells and smooth-muscle cellspossess gap junctions, play apossess gap junctions, play averyvery important role in the transmission of electrical activity between the cells"important role in the transmission of electrical activity between the cells"
#tructure in plasma membranes of cells that are in direct physical contact#tructure in plasma membranes of cells that are in direct physical contactwith one anotherwith one another
he two opposing plasma membranes come within ' to 2 nm of each other,he two opposing plasma membranes come within ' to 2 nm of each other,which allows speci)c proteins from the two membranes to join, forming small,which allows speci)c proteins from the two membranes to join, forming small,protein-lined channels lin&ing the two cells, lin&ing the cytosols of adjacentprotein-lined channels lin&ing the two cells, lin&ing the cytosols of adjacentcellscells
3llows cells to have direct communication by3llows cells to have direct communication by allowing small molecules to passallowing small molecules to pass
directly from the cytosol of one cell to the cytosol of an adjacent celldirectly from the cytosol of one cell to the cytosol of an adjacent cell 0ap junctions0ap junctions coordinate the activities of adjacent cellscoordinate the activities of adjacent cellsby allowing chemicalby allowing chemical
messengers to move from one cell to anothermessengers to move from one cell to another
he small diameter of the channels 4about 5"6 nm7 lhe small diameter of the channels 4about 5"6 nm7 l imits what can passimits what can passbetween the cytosols of the connected cells to small molecules and ions,between the cytosols of the connected cells to small molecules and ions, suchsuchas sodium and potassium, and e*cludes the e*change of large proteinsas sodium and potassium, and e*cludes the e*change of large proteins
Heart muscle cells and smooth-muscle cellsHeart muscle cells and smooth-muscle cellspossess gap junctions, play apossess gap junctions, play averyvery important role in the transmission of electrical activity between the cells"important role in the transmission of electrical activity between the cells"
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Vander et al.: Human Physiology: TheVander et al.: Human Physiology: The
Mechanism of Body Function, EighthMechanism of Body Function, Eighth
Edition, 200Edition, 200
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!es"o"oulos, #olor $tlas of Physiology %!es"o"oulos, #olor $tlas of Physiology %THTHed & 200' Thiemeed & 200' Thieme
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aracrine Communicationaracrine Communicationaracrine Communicationaracrine Communication
roducts of cells 4paracrines, local chemicalroducts of cells 4paracrines, local chemicalmessengers7 di!use in the ECF to a!ect neighboringmessengers7 di!use in the ECF to a!ect neighboring
cells, in the immediate environment of their site ofcells, in the immediate environment of their site of
secretionsecretion
+istributed by simple di!usion, do not enter the+istributed by simple di!usion, do not enter the
blood in any signi)cant /uantity because they areblood in any signi)cant /uantity because they are
rapidly inactivated by locally e*isting en$ymesrapidly inactivated by locally e*isting en$ymes
he action is restricted to short distances"he action is restricted to short distances"
roducts of cells 4paracrines, local chemicalroducts of cells 4paracrines, local chemicalmessengers7 di!use in the ECF to a!ect neighboringmessengers7 di!use in the ECF to a!ect neighboring
cells, in the immediate environment of their site ofcells, in the immediate environment of their site of
secretionsecretion
+istributed by simple di!usion, do not enter the+istributed by simple di!usion, do not enter the
blood in any signi)cant /uantity because they areblood in any signi)cant /uantity because they are
rapidly inactivated by locally e*isting en$ymesrapidly inactivated by locally e*isting en$ymes
he action is restricted to short distances"he action is restricted to short distances"
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Motor neuron with a myelinated axon.$ motor neuron is com"rised of a cell (ody
)soma* +ith a nucleus, seeral "rocesses called dendrites, and a long fi(rous a-on that
originates from the a-on hilloc. The first "ortion of the a-on is called the initial
segment. $ myelin sheath forms from /ch+ann cells and surrounds the a-on e-ce"t at
its ending and at the nodes of anier. Terminal (uttons )(outons* are located at the
terminal endings.
Neural communicationNeural communication
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SnapticSnaptic
TransmissionTransmission
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The neuromuscular junction. (a)/canning electronmicrogra"h sho+ing (ranching of
motor a-ons +ith terminals em(edded in grooes in the muscle fi(er1s surface.
(b)/tructure of a neuromuscular unction.
)From 3idmaier EP, aff H, /trang 4T: Vanders Human Physiology.Mc5ra+6Hill, 2007.*
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Intercellular communication ! chemical mediatorIntercellular communication ! chemical mediator
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FI"U#$ %&'(FI"U#$ %&'(
Mechanism o) action o) lipid*Mechanism o) action o) lipid*
solu!le messengers. Thissolu!le messengers. This
+gure sho,s the receptor )or+gure sho,s the receptor )or
these messengers as !eing inthese messengers as !eing in
the nucleus. In some cases- thethe nucleus. In some cases- the
un!ound receptor is in theun!ound receptor is in thectosol rather than thectosol rather than the
nucleus- in ,hich case thenucleus- in ,hich case the
!inding!inding
occurs there- and theoccurs there- and the
messenger*receptor complemessenger*receptor comple
moves into the nucleus.moves into the nucleus.
8ander et al"9 Human hysiology9 he8ander et al"9 Human hysiology9 he
%echanism of :ody Function, ;th Ed '((5%echanism of :ody Function, ;th Ed '((5
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8ander et al"9 Human hysiology9 he8ander et al"9 Human hysiology9 he
%echanism of :ody Function, ;th Ed '((5%echanism of :ody Function, ;th Ed '((5
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8ander et al"9 Human hysiology9 he8ander et al"9 Human hysiology9 he
%echanism of :ody Function, ;th Ed '((5%echanism of :ody Function, ;th Ed '((5
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/ander 0uman/ander 0uman
1hsiol-1hsiol-
TheThe
Mechanism o)Mechanism o)
2od Function2od Function33ththeded
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than& youthan& you
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