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PERSIANS WARS 490BC-481BC

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PERSIANS WARS

490BC-481BC

Greek Colonization of Lydia

• 800BC Greeks begin to leave Greece for new places to set up city-states

• Greeks go across the Aegean Sea to the west coast of Lydia/ Anatolia

GREECE

http://www.biblestudy.org/maps/aeggrefl.html

Persian Rule

• The new colonies are set up in territory ruled by the Persians

• Persian leader Darius I wants colonists to pay taxes

• The colonists rebel in 499BC against the Persians with the aide of Greek city-states like Athens

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Persians Conquer

• The Persian military begins to conquer surrounding territory and sends advisers to Greece for their surrender

• Sparta and Athens refuse

• The Persians in 490BC head for Marathon

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Greeks Defeat Persians

• Outnumbered nearly 5 to 1 at Marathon, the Greeks defeat the Persians

• The Persians set out to sea

• Pheidippides runs 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to tell of the great victory and to warn of a possible attack

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The Marathon

• Pheidippides’ run is the first Marathon

• “Rejoice, we conquer” he said before he collapsed and died from exhaustion

• Today’s modern marathon race comes directly from this run

• The Olympic Games in ancient Greece adopted this run in memory of the heroics

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2nd Invasion of Greece

• In 481BC the Persians, under Xerxes attempted to avenge his father Darius I

• He set sail with his Persian fleet for Thermopylae

• At Thermopylae Xerxes was met by 7,000 Greeks from Athens and…

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300 SPARTANS

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Athens is Destroyed

• The Persians eventually defeat the Athenian and Spartan militaries and move toward Athens

• The Athenians abandon the city

• Xerxes destroys Athens and goes to Salamis to fight the Athenians at SEA

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Battle at Sea near Salamis

• The Athenians built small ships equipped with battering rams.

• They attacked the larger, bulkier Persian ships in the narrow channel

• 1/3 of Xerxes’ fleet was destroyed

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Consequences of War

• The Greeks developed an alliance called the “DELIAN LEAGUE”

• The Persian threat ended• Athens emerged as the most powerful city-

state in Greece• Golden Age in Athens• Sparta becomes concerned with Athenian

power and suspicious of Athenian intentions

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Peloponnesian War

• As Athens grew in wealth, prestige and power- Sparta became hostile

• 431BC Sparta declared WAR

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Strengths

Athens- NAVY Sparta- ARMY

http://ngfl.northumberland.gov.uk/clipart/Greeks/images/Greek%20ship_jpg.jpg

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Strategy of Pericles

• Avoid land battles with Sparta

• Wait for opportunity to strike Sparta from the sea

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Spartans March

• The Spartans marched on Athens and burned the Athenian food supply

• A plague swept over the Athenians inside their fortified city during the second year of war killing 1/3 the population including Pericles

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A Short Peace

• In 421BC, TEN years after the war started the Athenians surrendered to the Spartans ending the war

• Six years later in 415BC Athens attacked a Spartan ally, Syracuse

• Two years later the Athenians were crushed

• In 404BC Athens surrendered again

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Results of the War

• Athens lost everything– Empire– Power– Wealth

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