phat bo de tam luan - the than bo tat - quang minh dich

8/3/2019 Phat Bo de Tam Luan - The Than Bo Tat - Quang Minh Dich

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PHT B TM LUNThin Thn b tt to lun

i Diu Tn, ngi tam tng php s Cu Ma La Thp dchQung Minh dch

---o0o---Ngunhttp://thuvienhoasen.org

Chuyn sang ebook 24-8-2009Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin [email protected] Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org

Mc LcPhm 1: Khuyn PhtPhm 2: Pht Tm

Phm 3: Nguyn ThPhm 4: n na ba la mtPhm 5: Thi la ba la mtPhm 6: Sng ba la mt

Quyn HPhm 7: T l da ba la mtPhm 8: Thin na ba la mtPhm 9: Bt Nh Ba La MtPhm 10: Nh Tht Php MnPhm 11: Khng V TngPhm 12: Cng c Tr

---o0o---Quyn Thng

Phm 1: Khuyn PhtKnh ly khp php gii

Kh lai hin ti Pht

ng i bi cu th

ng khng[1], bt ng tr[2].

C mt php gi l i phng ng[3], ti thng diu[4], thuc Ma clc gi tng[5], l ch tu hnh ca b tt. Php c nng lc (mt) khuynkhch cc v b tt vui thch tu tp V thng b ; (hai) c th lm cho
http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Dai%20Tang%20Kinh/Bac%20Tong/http://phatphaponline.org/kinh/Audio/Dai%20Tang%20Kinh/Bac%20Tong/


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chng sanh pht tm rng su; (ba) kin lp th nguyn u v trang nghimb [6]; (bn) bng cach x thn mng ti bo nhip phc tham ln;(nm) tu tp ng t gii[7] dn dy chng sanh khng phm cm hnh;(su) hnh tt cnh nhn[8] iu phc sn si; (by) pht khi tinh tn mtcch mnh m an ch chng sanh; (tm) thc tp cc thin nh bitcc loi tm tnh; (chn) tu hnh tr tu dit tr v minh; (mi) ng nhpnh tht php mn ri xa cc chp trc; (mi mt) ni by cc php rtsu l khng, v tng; (mi hai) xng tn cng c Pht chng khngon dt. C v lng phng tin nh vy lm php mn thanh tnh trgip o b e. y chnh l nhng php thng thng thin m timun phn bit, ch by r rng cho ht thy chng sanh t n cu cnh lqu v V thng chnh ng chnh gic.

Cc ngi con Pht, nu l t Pht, th tr li Pht dy, thng v chng

sanh din ni gio php, th trc nn xng dng cng c ca Pht, chngsanh nghe ri mi c th pht tm cu tr tu Pht. Do pht tm nh vy nnPht chng khng on dt. Hng t kheo, t kheo ni, u b tc, u b dithng nim Pht, nim php, v li cn nim cng hnh ca c Nh lai:Lc hnh o b tt, v cu php m c b tt phi tri qua a tng k kipth cc cn kh. Vi tm nim cu php nh vy, c b tt c nghethuyt php, d ch l mt bi k. c b tt c nghe gio php qua sch dy li mng[9], th gieo trng thin cn, tu tp Pht php, chng quV thng chnh ng chnh gic, v on tr cc kh no ca v lngchng sanh trong ng sanh t v th. Hng i b tt mun thnh tu vlng thn tm th phi cn tu tinh tn, pht i nguyn su, hnh i

phng tin, khi i t bi, cu i tr tu v kin nh tng[10]. Cu ccphp ln ca ch Pht nh vy ri, li phi bit php v lng v bin.Do php v lng nn phc c qu bo cng li v lng. c Nh laidy rng: Nu cc b tt lc ban u pht tm cho d mt nim h lit, th

phc c qu bo ca h trm ngn vn kip ni khng th ht. Hung li,mt ngy, mt thng, mt nm cho n trm nm, tp quen nhiu nim, th

phc c qu bo u th ni ht. V sao vy? V vic lm ca b tt lkhng cng tn, v mun cho tt c chng sanh u tr V sanh php

nhn[11], c qu V thng chnh ng gic.

Cc ngi con Pht, B tt s pht b tm, th nh bin ln lc bt ukhi s kh cn, phi bit s kh cn i theo thi gian, t bc h, trung,thng cho n khng cn cp bc, th ch cha bo chu nh hin by.Bo chu y u t bin ln sanh ra. B tt pht tm cng li nh vy, tlc s pht tm ri dn dn pht huy, phi bit b tm tng trng t


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ngi, tri, thanh vn, duyn gic, b tt, Pht . B tm l ch phtsanh tt c thin php, thin nh, tr tue[12].

Li na, nh tam thin i thin th gii t lc s to, n khi hnh thnh,th t c 25 hu[13]. Tt c chng sanh trong cc hu thy u gnh vc(nhn qu), lm ch nng ta nhau. B tt pht b tm cng li nhvy, t lc s pht tm ri dn dn pht huy (trong cc hu), khp v tt cv lng chng sanh, bao gm lc th, t sanh, chnh kin, t kin, tu thin,tp c, h tr tnh gii, phm t trng ti, tn phng tam bo, ch bai chnh

php, ch ma, ngoi o, sa mn, phm ch, st li, b la mn, ph x, th la, m v gnh vc tt c, lm ch nng ta cho chng sanh.

Li na, b tt pht tm, ly t bi lm u. Tm i t ca b tt th vlng, v bin, cho nn s pht tm cng khng c gii hn, trm khp

chng sanh gii. Th nh h khng trm khp tt c (khng ch no khngc), b tt pht tm cng li nh vy, v tt c chng sanh m pht tm nnkhng ch no khng c (s pht tm ca b tt). Cng nh chng sanhgii v lng, v bin khng c cng tn; b tt pht tm cng li nh vy,v lng, v bin khng c cng tn. H khng khng cng tn, nn chngsanh gii khng cng tn. Do b tt pht tm ngang bng chng sanhgii[14], m chng sanh gii khng c gii hn, nn s pht tm cng khngc gii hn[15]. Nay ti nng ch ca Pht ma ni by mt cht phnca chng sanh gii, nh sau:

Phng ng c thin c hng h sa a tng k th gii ca ch Pht, cho nphng nam, phng ty, phng bc, bn hng trn di, mi mi cthin c hng h sa a tng k th gii ca ch Pht. Ht thy em nghinnt lm vi trn. Cc vi trn ny cc nh n ni nhc nhn khng nhn thyc. Mt trm vn c hng h sa a tng k tam thin i thin th gii, chc bao nhiu chng sanh thy u t tp, chung ly mt trn. Hai trm vnc hng h sa a tng k tam thin i thin th gii, ch c bao nhiu chngsanh, chung ly hai trn. Nh vy, ln la ly mi phng, mi phng cthin c hng h sa a tng k th gii ca ch Pht, ch no c a chng

u nghin lm vi trn, gom li ht, th chng sanh gii cng khng th cngtn.

Th nh c ngi chia ch mt si lng lm trm phn, ly mt phn silng, nhng vo nc bin ln. Ti nay ni by t phn v chng sanh giicng li nh nc trn mt phn si lng, nhng iu cha ni nh nc

bin ln. Gi s ch Pht trong v lng v bin a tng k rng by th d,


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ni cng khng ht (v chng sanh gii). S pht tm ca b tt c khnng che khp ht thy chng sanh gii nh vy. V sao? Cc ngi conPht, v b tm u th cng tn vy. Nu c b tt nghe li nh trn mkhng kinh, khng s, khng thi lui, khng qun mt, phi bit ngi quyt nh c th pht b tm. Gi s, v lng ht thy ch Pht trongv lng a tng k kip xng tn cng c ca ngi cng khng thcng tn. V sao? V b tm khng c gii hn, khng c cng tn, nnc v lng li ch nh th. Cho nn nay ti tuyn ni v mun cho ht thychng sanh c nghe pht b tm vy.

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Phm 2: Pht Tm

V sao b tt pht b tm, v do nhn duyn g tu tp b ?

Nu b tt thn cn thin tri thc[16], cng dng ch Pht[17], tu tp thincn[18], ch cu chnh php[19], tm thng nhu ho, gp kh kham nhn,t bi thun hu, thm tm bnh ng[20], tin a i tha[21], cu tr tuPht[22]. Nu ngi no c 10 php nh vy mi c th pht tm cuo V thng chnh ng chnh gic.

Li c 4 duyn cho s pht tm tu tp V thng b . Nhng g l 4duyn? Mt l, t duy v ch Pht m pht b tm; hai l, qun thn quhon m pht b tm; ba l, thng xt chng sanh m pht b tm,

bn l, cu qu ti thng m pht b tm.

1. T duy v ch Pht li c 5 s:

1. T duy mi phng qu kh, v lai, hin ti ch Pht, lc ban u phttm, cc ngi cng nhng tnh cht phin no nh ta ngy nay, rt cngtrn thnh chnh gic, l ng V thng tn. Do duyn vic ny m pht

b tm.

2. T duy tt c ba i ch Pht do pht i dng mnh nn cc ngi chngc qu V thng b . Nu qu v b y l php c th chng th tacng s chng c. Do duyn vic ny m pht b tm.


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3. T duy tt c ba i ch Pht do pht i minh tu, trong v bc vminh m kin lp thng tm, tch tp kh hnh, cc ngi u c th t cu,vt thot tam gii. Ta cng nh vy, phi t cu t. Do duyn vic nym pht b tm.

4. T duy tt c ba i ch Pht, khi trong nhn loi u c hng tm, nncc ngi u vt qua bin ln sanh t phin no. Ta cng l bc trng

phu, cng vt qua c. Do duyn vic ny m pht b tm.

5. T duy tt c ba i ch Pht do pht i tinh tn, b thn mng ti bo,cu nht thit tr. Ta nay cng phi theo hc nh ch Pht. Do duyn vicny m pht b tm.

2. Qun thn qu hon m pht b tm, li c 5 s:

1. T qun thn ng m, t i ca ta u hay khi to v lng c nghip,nn mun b la.

2. T qun thn mnh c chn l thng chy hi d chng sch, nnsanh nhm chn.

3. T qun thn mnh c v lng phin no tham sn si thiu t thintm, nn mun tr dit.

4. T qun thn mnh nh bong bng, bt nc, nim nim sanh dit, lphp ng x, nn mun bung b.

5. T qun thn mnh b v minh che lp, thng to c nghip, lun hi suno, khng c li ch.

3. Cu qu ti thng m pht b tm, li c 5 s:

1. Thy cc c Nh lai c tng ho trang nghim, quang minh trong

sut, gp Pht th tr c phin no, nn pht tm tu tp.

2. Thy php thn thng tr thanh tnh v nhim ca cc c Nh lai, nnpht tm tu tp.


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3. Thy cc c Nh lai c gii, nh, tu, gii thot, gii thot tri kin, giiphp thanh tnh, nn pht tm tu tp.

4. Thy cc c Nh lai c 10 lc[23], 4 mn v s u[24], i bi tam nimx[25], nn pht tm tu tp.

5. Thy cc c Nh lai c nht thit tr, thng xt chng sanh, lng t biba khp, thng v tt c k ngu m m lm ngi dn ng chn chnh,nn pht tm tu tp.

4. Thng xt chng sanh m pht b tm, li c 5 s:

1. Thy cc chng sanh b v minh tri buc.

2. Thy cc chng sanh b cc kh bc bch.

3. Thy cc chng sanh hun tp nghip bat thin.

4. Thy cc chng sanh to cc trng c.

5. Thy chng sanh khng tu chnh php.

V minh tri buc, li c 4 mc:

a. Thy cc chng sanh v si i lm cho m lm, m th lnh cc qu kh rtd di.

b. Thy cc chng sanh khng tin nhn qu, to tc nghip c.

c. Thy cc chng sanh x b chnh php, tin nhn t o.

d. Thy cc chng sanh chm trong sng phin no, tri ni theo bndng[26].

Cc kh bc bch, li c 4 mc:

a. Thy cc chng sanh s sanh lo bnh t, nhng khng c tm mongcu gii thot, li cn to nghip.


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b. Thy cc chng sanh u bi kh no, nhng thng gy to (nghipnhn) khng c thi dt.

c. Thy cc chng sanh i bit ly kh, khng gic ng, tham m dyda.

d. Thy cc chng sanh on tng hi kh, thng khi him nghi, ganhght, tr li gy thm on th.

Hun tp nghip bt thin, li c 4 mc:

a. Thy cc chng sanh v lng i dc, lm cc iu c.

b. Thy cc chng sanh bit dc sanh kh nhng khng b dc.

c. Thy cc chng sanh mun cu an vui nhng li khng mun gi gii th.

d. Thy cc chng sanh khng a kh qu nhng to kh nhn khng cthi dt.

To cc trng c, li c 4 mc:

a. Thy cc chng sanh hu phm trng gii, lo bun khip s, ri cngphng dt.

b. Thy cc chng sanh khi to cc c, ng v gin nghip, hung dng ngnh, t mnh che lp, khng lng h thn.

c. Thy cc chng sanh ch bai chnh php, i tha phng ng,chuyn ngu t chp, khi lng kiu mn.

d. Thy cc chng sanh m chc s thng minh hiu bit, nn duyn

t on dt thin cn, tr li cng cao, vnh vin (chp chc) khng c hici.

Khng tu chnh php, li c 4 mc:

a. Thy cc chng sanh sanh nhm bt nn[27], khng nghe chnh php,khng bit tu thin.


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b. Thy cc chng sanh gp Pht ra i, c nghe chnh php nhngkhng kh nng th tr.

c. Thy cc chng sanh tp nhim ngoi o, kh thn tu nghip, trnchng kt qu nh lng mong cu.d. Thy cc chng sanh tu chng phi tng phi phi tng nh[28], cho lnit bn, khi thin bo ht, ri li tam .

B tt thy cc chng sanh v minh to nghip, m di th kh, xa lachnh php, qun mt ng ra, v nhng vic m pht tm i t bi, chcu qu v V thng chnh ng chnh gic. Nh vic cu la chy u,tt c chng sanh c kh no, ta phi cu gip khng st mt ai[29]. Ccngi con Pht, nay ti lc ni hnh ban u ca b tt cng nhn duyn

pht tm, nu ni rng ra th v lng v bin.

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Phm 3: Nguyn Th

B tt pht tm xu hng b nh th no v ly hnh nghip g thnhtu b ?

B tt pht tm tr bc Can tu a[30], trc phi kin c pht khi chnhnguyn, v nhip th tt c v lng chng sanh, rng: Ti cu o Vthng b v cu h thot chng sanh khng st mt ai, v munchng sanh t n cu cnh V d nit bn. Cho nn b tt lc ban u

pht tm phi ly tm i bi lm u, v tm i bi mi c th pht khi,chuyn vn mi chnh nguyn th thng cao c. Sao gi l mi?

1. Ti nguyn i trc cho n ngy nay lo tu bi thin cn, em thincn ny th cho tt c v bin chng sanh, cng vi chng sanh hi hng

V thng b . Mong nguyn trn ca ti nim nim tng trng, sanh rai no cng thng buc nguyn ny ni tm, trn khng qun mt, ly lm la ni th h (tu mng ca mnh).

2. Ti nguyn hi hng i b qu ri, em thin cn ny trong ttc ci chng sanh (c tr v c Pht ra i) thng c cng dng tt cch Pht, nguyn khng sanh vo quc khng c Pht.


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3. Ti nguyn c sanh vo quc c Pht ri, thng c thn cn,theo hu hai bn Pht nh bng theo hnh, khng mt khong st na no rixa Pht.4. Ti nguyn c thn cn Pht ri, theo ch cm cu ca ti, (cPht) v ti m thuyt php, lin c thnh tu b tt ng thng[31].

5. Ti nguyn c thnh tu b tt ng thng ri, lin thng t th [32], l php tng gi danh[33] cng khp, thng t nht ngha [34],l php tnh chn tht nh th[35], c chnh php tr[36].

6. Ti nguyn c chnh php tr ri, khng mt nim qun lng, vchng sanh thuyt php bng s ch dy li mng, u khin cho h cthng hiu (Pht php)[37].

7. Ti nguyn c kh nng lm cho chng sanh thng hiu ri, nngthn lc ca Pht, bin khp n mi phng th gii, khng b st thgii no, cng dng ch Pht, nghe nhn chnh php, rng nhip chngsanh.

8. Ti nguyn i trc ch Pht nghe nhn chnh php ri, lin c khnng tu chuyn php lun thanh tnh. Mi phng th gii tt c chngsanh nghe ti thuyt php, nghe danh hiu ti, lin c x ly tt c phinno, pht b tm.

9. Ti nguyn gip cho tt c chng sanh pht b tm ri, thng tuth h ln nhau dit tr nhng iu v li ch, em n v lng iu anvui, x thn mng ti bo, nhip th chng sanh, cng nhau gnh vc chnh

php.

10. Ti nguyn thng gnh vc chnh php ri, d thc hnh chnh phpm tm v s hnh[38]. Nh ch b tt thc hnh chnh php m tm v shnh, nhng khng vic g khng hnh (v s bt hnh[39]), v gio ho

chng sanh m khng b chnh nguyn.

y l mi i chnh nguyn ca b tt pht tm. Mi i chnh nguynny bin khp chng sanh gii, nhip th tt c hng sa cc nguyn cachng sanh. Nu chng sanh gii ht, nguyn ti mi ht. Nhng chngsanh gii tht khng th cng tn, nn i nguyn ny ca ti cng khngcng tn.


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Li na, b th l chnh nhn b , v nhip th tt c chng sanh. Tr giil chnh nhn b , v y thin cn, y bn nguyn. Nhn nhc lchnh nhn b , v thnh tu c 32 tng tt, 80 v p tu hnh. Tinhtn l chnh nhn b , lm tng trng thin hnh, v chng sanh m singnng gio ho. Thin nh l chnh nhn b , v b tt kho t iu phcv c kh nng bit cc tm hnh ca chng sanh. Tr tue l chnh nhn

b , v y kh nng bit r tnh tng ca cc php.[40]

Tm yu m ni, su ba la mt l chnh nhn b . Bn tm v lng, 37phm tr o php, mun hnh lnh cng h tng, tr nhip thnh tub . Nu b tt tu tp su ba la mt, tu theo cng hnh m t t tip cnqu V thng chnh ng chnh gic.

Cc ngi con Pht, ngi cu b th khng c phng dt[41], v (banghip) phng dt s lm h hoi thin cn. Nu b tt ch phc su cnkhng cho phng dt[42] th ngi tu tp c su ba la mt. B tt phttm, trc phi ch thnh kin lp th nguyn mt cch chc chn. Ngilp th nguyn th trn khng phng dt, gii i, khinh d thi lui. V sao?Mun lp nguyn chc chn cn phi c 5 iu kin gn gi:

1. Lun gi tm vng chi.

2. Lun iu phc phin no.

3. Lun ngn nga phng dt.

4. Lun ph tr ng ci[43].

5. Lun chuyn cn tu tp, hnh su ba la mt.

Nh ch Pht khen ngi:

Nh lai i tr tn

Ni ra cng c chng

Nhn tu, sc phc nghip

Th nguyn l ti thng.


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Lm sao lp th? Nu c ngi n cu xin cc th ni ta, ta i vi h tulc m b th, cho n khng sanh mt nim bn sn, tic nui. Nu sanh ctm bng khong khy mng tay dng s b th lm nhn duyn cu tnh

bo, th lun ch ti rt ch trch. Mi phng th gii v lng v bin atng k kip hin ti, v lai ch Pht cng ni ngi quyt nh khngthnh tu V thng chnh ng chnh gic.

Nu ti tu tr gii, d mt thn mng vn kin lp tnh tm, th khng thayi, hi hn. Nu ti tu nhn nhc, b ngi xm hi cho n b ct chtthn th cng vn gi lng t i, th khng gin ngn. Nu ti tu tinh tn,gp cnh lnh nng bt cht, gp nn vua quan, gic gi, nn nc la, gps t cp si, gp ch khng c nc ung, khng c cm n, nht nh tm

phi kin cng, th khng thi lui, qun mt (b tm). Nu ti tu thin

nh, b ngoi cnh khuy ri khng th nhip tm, phi buc nim quncnh, th khng khi lon tng phi php du trong chc lt. Nu ti tu tptr tu, qun tt c php nh tht tnh m tu thun th tr, khng khi nhkin i vi iu thin, bt thin, hu vi, v vi, sanh t, nit bn.

Nu ti pht th nguyn m tm c hi hn, gin ngn, thi lui, lon tng,nh kin th d ch trong khong khy mng tay tu tp tr gii, nhn nhc,tinh tn, thin nh, tr tu cu tnh bo, th lun ch ti rt ch trch.Mi phng th gii v lng v bin a tng k kip hin ti, v lai chPht cng ni ngi y quyt nh khng thnh tu V thng chnh ngchnh gic.

Nu b tt ly mi i nguyn lm hnh h tr chnh php, ly su i thlm tm ngn tr phng dt th nht nh c th tinh cn tu tp su ba la mt,thnh tu V thng chnh ng chnh gic.

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Phm 4: n na ba la mt

B tt tu hnh b th nh th no? B tt b th v t li, li tha, c hai uli. B th nh vy th c th trang nghim o b .

B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh khin ri kh no m thc hnh b th.Ngi tu hnh b th th i vi ti vt ca mnh thng sanh lng x.


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Chng sanh n cu xin th khi lng tn trng, tng nh cha m, strng, thin tri thc. Vi ngi ngho cng h tin th khi lng thngxt, tng nh a con rut ca mnh. B tt tu theo nhu cu ca h msanh lng hoan h, cung knh gip h. y gi l b tt ban u phttm tu tp b th.

Do tu tp b th nn thin danh c lu b v sanh ra ni no th cng cti bo d dt, y gi l t li. B tt c th gip cho chng sanh sinh tmtho mn ri gio ho iu phc chng sanh khin khng c lng keo bn,y gi la li tha. Do b tt tu v tng i th[44], gio ho chngsanh khin cng li ch nh mnh, y gi l c hai u li. Do tu b th mt c a v Chuyn lun thnh vng, nhip th c tt c chng sanhv lng, cho n thnh tu php tng v tn ca ch Pht, y gi l trangnghim o b .

B th c ba phn: mt l php th, hai l v u th, ba l ti vt th.

B tt dng php th th trc phai khuyn ngi th gii, tu tm xut gia,ph cc t kin bng cch ni ra nhng iu sai lm, kh au ca s chpthng, chp on trong phm tr bn in o[45], li phn bit khai thngha chn [46], khen ngi cng c ca s tinh tn, ni ti li gh gmca s phng dt. y gi l php th.

Nu c chng sanh s hi nn vua, s t, cp, si, nc la, trm cp ... btt thy ri, c th v h cu gip th gi l v u th.

B tt khng c lng bn xn i vi ti vt th, trn t trn bo, voi, nga,xe c, t la, la np, o qun, n ung, di n mt nm go, mt tc vi,d t, d nhiu, cho theo nhu cu, va ngi cu xin, y gi l ti th.[47]

Ti th c 5 yu t:

1. Ch tm cho.

2. Tin tm cho.

3. Tu lc cho.

4. T tay cho.


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Phm 5: Thi la ba la mt

Hng b tt tu hnh tr gii nh th no? Hng b tt tr gii v li mnh, lingi v c hai u li ch. Tr gii nh vy th c th trang nghim o b.

B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh xa la kh no cho nn tr gii. Ngitu tr gii th phi thanh tnh ba nghip thn, ming, ; i vi tt c btthin hnh c th x ly; kho lo qu trch (mm mng) c hnh v (duynt) hu hoi gii cm; i vi nhng li nh th lng lun lo s. Nh vymi ng ngha l hng b tt s pht tm tu tr gii vy.

Do tu tr gii m xa la c tt c iu c, cc lm li, thng sanh v chan vui, gi l t li.

Hng b tt gio ho chng sanh khin cho h khng phm iu c, gi lli tha.

em tt c s tu tr gii ca mnh hng v b gii[52] v gio ho tt cchng sanh khin cho h ng c li ch nh mnh, gi l c hai u lich.

Chnh nhn tu tr gii th hoch c s ly dc[53] cho n dt sch ht lunghip[54], thanh tu ti chnh gic, gi l trang nghim o b .

Gii c 3 loi: 1. Thn gii, 2. Khu gii, 3. Tm gii.

1. Tr thn gii th phi la hn tt c hnh ng thuc v st sanh, trmcp v dm dc. Ngha l khng c tc i s sng ca sinh vt cngmng sng ca ngi, khng chim hu ti sn ca ngi v khng xm

phm ngoi sc (thn th) ca ngi. Li cng khng v nhng nhn duyn

g v bng phng tin g git hi chng sanh; chng dng gy cy, ngi v.v... lm thng hi chng sanh. Nu vt thuc ngi khc c quyn thdng, th d l mt cng c, mt chic l, ngi ta khng cho th khngc ly. Li cng khng nn ngm, lic, ng t sc (sc p quyn r).i vi bn oai nghi phi nghim cung, cn thn, xt on r rng. gil thn gii.


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2. Tr khu gii th phi on tr tt c vng ng, lng thit, c khu v ng. Thng khng dng li di tr, li ly gin ho hp, li ph bng,che bai, li trau chut hoa m, v khng to mi phng tin xc nolng ngi. Li ni phi ch thnh, ho nh v trung tn. Li ni thngem n cho ngi li ch, khuyn ho ngi tu thin. gi l khu gii.

3. Tr tm gii th phi tr dit tham dc, sn hn, t kin, thng tu tmnhu ho, khng to nhng ti li, tin rang tt c nhng nghip ti (t thn,khu, sanh ra) chc chn s cho chng ta qu bo c. Do sc t duy tu mkhng to cc iu c, i vi ti nh trong lng phi lo tng nh ti rtnng. Gi nh l gy lm li th phi s st, lo u, sm hi. i vi tt cchng sanh khng bao gi khi lng gin hn, bc bi. Nhn chng sanh

bng ci tm thng nh[55]. C ci tm tri n, bo n, ci tm khng nuitic, bn sn, vui lm phc c, thng v ho mi ngi, thng tu

tm t, thng xt tt c. gi l tm gii.

Trn y l ni mi thin nghip gii. Mi thin nghip gii c 5 iu lich:

1. Ch ng c hnh.

2. Sanh khi thin tm.

3. Ngn nga phin no.

4. Thnh tu tnh tm.

5. Tng trng gii c.

Nu ngi no kho tu hnh khng phng dt, y chnh nim[56], phnbit thin c, phi bit ngi ny quyt nh c kh nng tu mi thinnghip gii. Tm vn bn ngn oai nghi, v lng gii phm thy u nhiptrong mi thin gii. Mi thin gii ny chnh l cn bn ca tt c thin

gii.

on tr ba nghiep c ca thn, khu, th c th ch ng tt c php btthin, cho nn gi l gii. Gii c 5 ngha:

1. Ba la mc xoa gii.


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---o0o---

Phm 6: Sng ba la mt

Hng b tt tu hnh nhn nhc nh th no? Hng b tt tu hnh nhn nhcl v li mnh, li ngi v c hai u li ch. S nhn nhc nh vy c khnng trang nghim o b .

B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh khin la kh no m tu nhn nhc.Ngi tu hnh nhn nhc th tm thng khim ha, i vi tt c chngsanh cang cng, kiu mn th tha th m khng chp trch, thy k nguy cth lun khi lng thng xt. Li ni thng nhu nhuyn, khuyn hongi tu thin, phn bit gii ni v qu bo sai khc ca s sn hn v s

ho nhn. y gi l hng b tt s pht tm tu hnh nhn nhc.

Do tu nhn nhc m xa la cc iu c, thn tm an lc, gi l t li. Hngdn chng sanh bit song ho thun vi nhau, gi l li tha. Tu tp (nhnnhc) hng ngy a n thnh tu v thng nhn nhc, gio ho chngsanh ng c li ch nh mnh, gi l c hai u li ch.

Chnh nhn tu nhn nhc th thnh tu c (qu bo thn tm) oan chnh,ngi thy sanh lng cung knh, cho n khi thnh Pht c tng hothng diu, gi l trang nghim o b .

Nhn nhc c 3 hnh thi: 1. Thn nhn, 2. Khu nhn, 3. nhn.

1. Th no l thn nhn? Nu c ngi sanh lng c n bc bch, hunhc, nh p thm ch lm thng hi ta m vn c th nhn chu tt c.Thy cc chng sanh b c hip, s hi th sn sng ly thn chu thay (khno) cho h[74] m tm khng mi mt, tr hon. y gi l thn nhn.

2. Th no l khu nhn? Nu c ngi n mng chi ta th nn lng

nhn chu, khng lng chng tr. Nu c ngi phi l n trch mng, tacn dng li n ho m thun theo. Nu c ngi vu khng ngang ngc,hu bng thm t, ta u phi nhn chu. y gi l khu nhn.

3. The no l nhn? Nu c ngi sn si vi ta, khng m lng hngin. Nu c ngi xc no ta, tm vn khng dao ng. Nu c ngicng kch, hu nhc ta, lng khng on trch. y gi l nhn.


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th gian, s nh p c 2 trng hp: 1. S tht. 2. Ngang ngc.

1. Nu mnh c lm li, b ngi him nghi, b ngi nh p, ta phinhn chu nh ung nc cam l. i vi ngi cn phi sanh lng cungknh, s d ngi lm nh vy l v kho rn dy, iu phc ta, khin tat b cc lm li vy.

2. Nu c k ngang ngc vi c tm lm thng tn ta, th phi t suyngh, ta nay khng ti, y chnh l tc nghip i qu kh chiu cm chonn phi nhn chu. Li phi suy ngh, thn ny do t i gi hp, ng mduyn hi, th ai l ngi chu nh? Li qun suy ngi trc mt nh tal ngi si, ngi cung, ta phi thng xt h, sao li khng nhn?

Li na, ngi nhc m cng c 2 hng: 1. S tht, 2. H di.

1. Nu ngi ni ln s tht, ta phi sanh lng h thn.

2. Nu ngi ni li h di, vic v can vi ta, th coi nh ting vang,gi thong, khng lm tn hi ta c, nhng vn phi nhn.

Li na, i vi ngi sn hn cng vy. Ngi kia trt tt c gin d lnta, ta phi nhn chu. Nu ta gin d li vi ngi kia th i v lai phio c o, chu i kh no. Do nhn duyn nh vy, thn ta d b ct xo

phn ly cng khng khi lng sn hn, (tri li) cn phi qun st su xanhn duyn nghip i trc, phi tu tp lng t bi, thng xt tt c. Vickh nh nh vy m ta khng c kh nng nhn, tc l khng c kh nng tiu phc tm, th lm sao c kh nng iu phc chng sanh, khin chngsanh c gii thot tt c c php, thnh tu qu V thng.

Nu c ngi tr, a tu nhn nhc th ngi c dung mo oan chnh,ti bo sung tc, ngi khc thy sanh lng hoan h, cung knh, ngng m,

phc tng. Li phi qun st, nu c ngi hnh dng hung d, nhan sc xu

c, cc cn khng , ti vt tng thiu, phi bit l do nhn duyn snhn trc kia m nay phi nh vy. V hiu bit nhn duyn nh vy m

bc tr quyt tu tp nhn nhc mt cch thm su.

Nhn duyn pht sanh nhn nhc c 10 s:

1. Khng qun suy tng ng v ng s.


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2. Khng ngh v chng tnh (giai cp).

3. Ph tr lng kiu mn.

4. iu c n vi mnh khng cn chng tr.

5. Qun tng s v thng.

6. Tu tp tm t bi.

7. Tm khng phng dt.

8. B ra ngoi s i kht, kh vui ... (ca bn thn).

9. on tr sn hn.

10. Tu tp tr tu.

Nu ngi no c th thnh tu c 10 s nh vy, nn bit ngi ckh nng tu nhn nhc.

Khi hng b tt ma ha tt tu thanh tnh tt cnh (rt ro) nhn, tc l khi ngnhp khng, v tng, v nguyn, v tc[75], th khng cho kin, gic,nguyn, tc[76] ho hp. Cng khng dnh mc khng, v tng, vnguyn, v tc, nn kin, gic, nguyn, tc thy u khng. Php nhnnh vy l php v nh tng (khng kt ni hai tng), gi l thanh tnh ttcnh nhn[77].

Nu vo tn kt[78], nu vo tch dit, th khng cho ch kt v sanh t hohp. Cng khng dnh mc tn kt v tch dit, nn ch kt v sanh t thyu khng. Php nhn nh vy l php v nh tng, gi l thanh tnh ttcnh nhn.

Nu (php) tnh chng phi t sanh, khng t tha sanh, chng phi ho hpsanh, cng khng t u n, khng th ph hoi; v khng th ph hoi nnkhng cng tn. Php nhn nh vy l php v nh tng, gi l thanh tnhtt cnh nhn.


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Khng lm nhng cng khng c vic g khng lm, khng dnh mc viclm, khng phn bit, khng trang nghim, khng sa i, khng khi pht,n i. Rt li l khng to tc, sanh khi g c. Php nhn nh vy gi lv sanh nhn[79].

Hng b tt tu hnh php nhn nh vy th c th k nhn. Hng b ttma ha tt tu hnh nhn nhc d l tnh hay tng cng rt ro khng, v(khng thy mnh nhn,) khng thy c chng sanh (l i tng nhn).y gi l y php sng ba la mt vy.

---o0o---

Quyn H

Thin Thn b tt to lun

i Diu Tn, ngi tam tng php s Cu Ma La Thp dch

Qung Minh dchPht B Tm Lun

Phm 7: T l da ba la mt

Hng b tt tu hnh tinh tn nh th no? Hng b tt tu hnh tinh tn l vli mnh, li ngi v c hai u li ch. Tinh tn nh vy th c th trangnghim o b .

B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh khin cho chng sanh la xa kh nom tu tinh tn. Ngi tu tinh tn th trong tt c mi thi thng sing tu tp

phn hnh [80]thanh tnh, la b tm bing nhc, gi tm khng cho phngdt, tm thng tinh cn trn khng thi chuyn i vi nhng vic khkhn, vic khng li ch (cho mnh v ngi). y gi l b tt s pht tm

tu tinh tn.

Do tu tinh tn m thnh tu thin php th gian v qu thng diu xut thgian, gi l li mnh. Gio ho chng sanh khin cho h sing nng tu thin,gi l li ngi. em s tu tp chnh nhn b ca mnh m gio hochng sanh khin h ng c li ch nh mnh, gi l c hai u li ch.


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Do chnh nhn tu tinh tn m thnh tu Chuyn thng thanh tnh diuqu[81], siu xut cc a[82], cho n mau thnh chnh gic, gi l trangnghim o b .

Tinh tn c 2 l do pht khi:

1. V cu o V thng.

2. V rng mun cu cc kh no ca chng sanh.

B tt phi thnh tu 10 nim mi c th pht tm cn hnh tinh tn. Minim nh th no?

1. Nim Pht, (v Pht c) v lng cng c[83].

2. Nim php, (v php c cng nng) gii thot bt t ngh[84].

3. Nim tng, (v tng c ngha l) thanh tnh, v nhim[85].

4. Nim hnh i t, v an lp chng sanh.

5. Nim hnh i bi, v cu t cc kh.

6. Nim chnh nh t[86], v khuyn vui tu thin.

7. Nim t nh t[87], v cu chng sanh khin tr v bn th.

8. Nim loi ng qu i kht, nhit no.

9. Nim loi sc sanh chu hoi cc kh.

10. Nim cnh a ngc chu thiu t.

B tt phi t duy 10 nim nh vay: cng c Tam bo ta nn tu tp; t bi,chnh nh t ta nn khuyn gng; chng sanh t nh, ba ng c kh tann cu . T duy nh vy, chuyn nim khng lon, ngy m cn tu,khng c dng b. y gi l kh nng pht khi chnh nim tinh tn.

B tt tinh tn li c 4 vic, ngha l tu hnh bn cch chnh cn:


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1. c php cha sanh, ngn nga khng cho sanh khi.

2. c php sanh, phi sm on tr.

3. Thin php cha sanh, to mi phng tin lm cho sanh khi.

4. Thin php sanh, tu tp thm ln y rng.

B tt tu bn cch chnh cn nh vy khng c dng ngh, y gi l tinhtn. Cn tu tinh tn th c th ph tr c tt c phin no gii, tng trngchnh nhn V thng b .

B tt nu c kh nng chu ng tt c kh ln ni thn tm v v mun anlp chng sanh m tu hnh khng mt mi, y gi l tinh tn. B tt xa la

c thi[88], thi dua nnh quanh co, t tinh tn tu chnh tinh tn, ngha ltu chnh tn, b th, tr gii, nhn nhc, thin nh, tr tu [89], t bi h x.

Nhng vic mun lm, lm, ang lm, phi ht lng lm, tinh cn thcthi, khng c hi tic. i vi cc thin php v vic cu kh chng sanhth coi nh vic cu la chy u, tm khng thi chuyn, y gi l tinhtn.

B tt du khng tic thn mng, nhng nu v cu vt cc kh, cu hchnh php th phi cn trn qi n, khng b oai nghi, thng tu thin

php. Khi tu thin php, tm khng gii i; khi mt thn mng, khng bchnh php. y gi l b tt tu o b , cn hnh tinh tn.

Ngi bing nhc th khng khi no c th lm c vic b th, khng thtr gii, nhn nhc cc kh, cn hnh tinh tn, nhip tm nim nh, phn

bit thin c. Cho nn ni rng, su php ba la mt do tinh tn m c tngtrng. Nu hng b tt ma ha tt tu tp tinh tn lm duyn t tng thngth c th mau c V thng chnh ng chnh gic.

B tt pht i trang nghim (b ) m pht khi tinh tn, c 4 nguyn do:

1. Pht i trang nghim.

2. Tch t mnh m.

3. Tu cc thin cn.


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4. Gio ho chng sanh.

B tt pht i trang nghim nh th no? i vi cc ng sanh t, tmthng kham nhn, khng k kip s. D tri qua v lng v bin trmngn vn c na do tha hng h sa a tng k kip mi thnh Pht o, th tmcng khng mt mi. y gi l hnh khng gii i v trang nghim (b).

B tt mun tch t mnh m m pht khi tinh tn. Nu la d y trongci tam thin i thin th gii, nhng v thy Pht, v nghe php, v an trchng sanh ni thin php, th cn phi t trong la d kia m vt qua. Vmun iu phc chng sanh m tm kho an tr trong i bi. y gi l tinhtn mnh m.

B tt mun tu tp thin cn m pht khi tinh tn. Tt c thin cn cpht khi u v hi hng V thng chnh ng chnh gic, v munthnh tu nht thit tr[90]. y gi l tinh tn tu tp thin cn.

B tt mun gio ho chng sanh m pht khi tinh tn. Chng tnh cachng sanh khng th tnh k, v lng v bin, bng h khng gii. B ttlp th rng, ta s h khng c thiu st. B tt v mun ho chngsanh m cn hnh tinh tn. y gi l tinh tn gio ho chng sanh.

Tm li m ni, b tt tu tr o cng c, tr v thng tr tu, tu tp Phtphp m pht khi tinh tn. Nhng cng c ca Pht th v lng v bin,b tt ma ha tt pht i trang nghim, tu hnh tinh tn cng li nh vy, vlng v bin. B tt ma ha tt tu hnh tinh tn, chng ri dc tm[91] l vcu vt cc kh. y gi l y T l da ba la mt.

---o0o---

Phm 8: Thin na ba la mt

Hng b tt tu tp thin nh nh th no? Hng b tt tu tp thin nh vli mnh, li ngi v c hai u li ch. Tu tp thin nh nh vy th cth trang nghim o b .

B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh khin chng sanh xa la kh no m tutp thin nh. Ngi tu thin nh phi kho nhip tm mnh, tt c lon


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tng khng cho vng khi. Khi i ng ngi nm phi buc s nh nghca mnh ni hin cnh[92]. Qun st thun nghch t u lu, c, xngsng, cnh tay, khuu tay, ngc, xng sn, xng chu, xng i, cngchn, cho n mt c chn, tu tp An ban s tc[93]. y gi l b tt banu tu tp nh tm.

Tu thin nh th khng tip nhn cc iu c, tm thng an vui, gi l tli. Gio ho chng sanh khin h tu chnh nim, gi l li tha. Do ch tuthanh tnh tam mui ca mnh m la c cc c gic qun[94], gio hochng sanh khin h ng li ch nh mnh, gi l c hai u li ch.

Do chnh nhn tu thin nh m thu hoch c bt gii thot[95], cho nchng c Th lng nghim tam mui[96], Kim cang tam mui[97], gi ltrang nghim o b .

Thin nh do 3 php m sanh khi. Th no l ba?

1. Vn tu.

2. T tu.

3. Tu tu.

T ba php ny dn dn sanh khi tt c tam mui.

Th no l vn tu? i vi gio php c nghe, tm thng vui thch(tip nhn). Li khi nim rng, cc php v ngi gii thot ... ca Pht udo a vn m c thnh tu. Khi nim ny ri, trong tt c thi gian cu

php cng thm tinh cn, ngy m thng a nghe php, khng c chn .y gi l vn tu.

Th no l t tu? Suy nim, qun st cc php hu vi nh tht tng (can), ngha l cc php th v thng, kh, khng, v ng, bt tnh, nim

nim sanh dit, khng lu s h hoi. Chng sanh b rng buc trong lobun, kh no, yu ght, ch v la tham sn si thiu t, ri chng chtthm ln kh no i sau. Tt c u khng c tht tnh, cng nh huynho. Thy nh vy ri, i vi tt ca cc php hu vi lin sanh tm chnngn mun thot ly, do vy cng thm tinh cn cu tr tu Pht. V suy nghrng, tr tu ca Nh lai khng th ngh bn, khng th so lng, c th lcln, khng ai hn c, nh nng lc ho lm mt ci thnh ln em n s


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khng s, s yn n, khng cn mun lui v[98], nh nng lc cu v lngkh no cho chng sanh. Bit nh vy thi thy Pht c v lng tr v thy

php hu vi l v lng kh no, v th pht khi ch nguyn thng cu itha v thng. y gi l t hu.

Th no l tu tu? T khi bt u tu bch ct qun[99] cho n khi thnhV thng chnh ng chnh gic, u gi l tu hu. Ly dc, ly bt thin

php[100], c gic c qun[101], h lc do ly dc sanh[102], nhp vo sthin. Dit gic v qun (ca s thin), ni tm thanh tnh, nh tm li mtch, khng gic khng qun[103], vi h v lc do nh sanh[104], nhp vonh thin. V ly h nh thin m hnh x[105], tm nim an ni tue [106],thn cm lc th, mt trng thi m cc bc hin thnh tuyn b rng ngi c th xa, thng sng trong chnh nim, tr trong an lc [107], nhpvo tam thin. Vi s on kh on lc[108], vi s dit tr t trc ca

u h[109], bt kh bt lc [110], c s thanh tnh ca nim nh x[111],nhp vo t thin. Vt qua tt c sc tng, dit tt c tng c tnh ngnngi[112], khng ngh nh tt c tng d bit, bit (thn v cnh nh) hkhng vo bin, lin nhp H khng v sc nh x[113]. Vt qua tt ch khng tng, bit khng c (bin gii ca) thc, lin nhp V sc thcnh x[114]. Vt qua tt c thc tng, bit khng c s hu[115], linnhp V s hu V sc nh x[116]. Vt qua tt c ci khng c s hu,

bit chng phi c tng, chng phi khng tng, an n, lin nhp V sc phi hu tng, phi v tng x [117]. Ch tu thun gio php m tuhnh[118] nhng khng a m[119], cu v thng tha, thnh ti chnhgic. y gi l tu hu.

B tt t vn, t, tu hu ny ma tinh cn nhip tm th c th thnh tuThng minh thin[120], cc tam mui v thin na ba la mt.

Li na, b tt tu nh li c 10 php hnh, khng ging php hnh ca hngthanh vn, bch chi Pht. Nhng g l 10?

1. Tu nh l khng c ci ng ti y, v y cc php thin nh

ca Nh lai.

2. Tu nh l khng vng mc, v x ly nhim tm, khng cu an vuicho mnh.

3. Tu nh l cc thng nghip[121], v bit cc tm hnh [122]cachng sanh.


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4. Tu nh l bit cc loi tm tnh, v thot tt c chng sanh.

5. Tu nh l thc hnh i bi, v on tr phin no kt.

6. Tu nh l tu cc thin tam mui, v phi kho bit nhp xut, vtkhi tam gii.

7. Tu nh l thng c t ti, v y ht thy thin php.

8. Tu nh l tm mnh tch dit, v hn hn cc thin tam mui ca nhtha.

9. Tu nh l thng ng nhp tr tu, v vt qua cc php th gian n

b gic kia.

10. Tu nh l c kh nng lm cho chnh php hng thnh, v tip ni rngr ngi tam bo, khng cho on tuyt.

Php hnh tu nh nh vy l khng ging php hnh tu nh ca hng thanhvn, bch chi Pht.

Li na, v mun bit tt c phin no, tm tng ca chng sanh nn tu tpcac php thin nh tr thnh tr tm, thin nh ny tr bnh ng tm,gi l nh. Bnh ng nh nh vy tc l bnh ng ni khng, vtng, v nguyn, v tc. Khng, v tng, v nguyn, v tc bnh ng thchng sanh bnh ng. Chng sanh bnh ng th cc php bnh ng. Thnhp cc php bnh ng nh vy gi l nh.

Li na, b tt lc nhp th tu hnh nhng khng tp nhim th gian, khi xth nhp php th dit tt c kt s, xa la ch n no, a mt mnh. B tttu hnh thien nh nh vy th tm an, dng tr, la xa th s.

Li na, b tt tu nh c y cc php thng, tr, phng tin v tu.Th no l thng? Th no l tr? Khi thy sc tng, khi nghe m thanh,

bit c tm ngi, nh c qu kh, c th i n khp cc th gii chPht, y gi l thng. Bit sc tc php tnh[123], hiu r m thanh, tmhnh, bit tnh tng tch dit, ba i bnh ng, bit th gii ch Pht ngnh h khng tng, chng c qu chng dit tn, y gi l tr. Th nola phng tin? Th no l tu? Khi nhp thin nh, khi i t bi, khng


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x th nguyn, tm nh kim cang, qun st th gii ca ch Pht trangnghim b o trng. y gi l phng tin. Tm thng vng lng,khng thy c ng, khng thy c chng sanh, t duy th tnh ca cc phpvn khng lon ng, thy th gii ch Pht ng vi h khng, qun chtrang nghim ng vi tch dit. y gi l tu.

y gi b tt tu hnh thin nh. Thng, tr, phng tin, tu l bn phpsai khc, nhng neu cng thc hnh c bn th c gn vi qu v Vthng chnh ng chnh gic. B tt ma ha tt tu hnh thin nh khongcn tha c tm[124], v bit cc php vn bt ng. y gi l y thin na ba la mt.

---o0o---

Phm 9: Bt Nh Ba La Mt

Hng b tt tu tp tr tu nh th no? Hng b tt tu tp tr tu v li mnh,li ngi v c hai u li ch. Tu tp tr tu nh vy th c th trangnghim o b .

B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh khin la kh no m tu tp tr tu.Ngi tu tp tr tu tt yu phi hc tt c vic th gian, phi x tham sn si,thit lp t tm, thng xt lm li ch cho tt c chng sanh, thng nghvic cu gip chng sanh m lm ngi dn ng, co th phn bit ni rchnh o, t o, thin bo, c bo. y gi l b tt ban u tu tp tr tu.

Do tu tr tu m xa la v minh, tr c phin no chng v tr tuchng[125], gi l t li. (Dng tr tu) gio ho chng sanh khin h tiu phc tm, gi l li tha. em s tu tp (tr tu) hng v V thng b ca mnh, gio ho chng sanh khin h ng c li ch nh mnh, gil c hai u li ch.

Do chnh nhn tu tp tr tu m chng c s a cho n tt b nhtr[126], gi l trang nghim o b .

B tt tu hnh tr tu c 20 tm m c th t t thit lp. Hai mi tm nhth no?

1. Tm pht khi thin dc [127], thn cn thin hu.


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2. Tm x ly kiu mn, khng cho phng dt.

3. Tm tu thun gio ho, vui thch nghe php.

4. Tm nghe php khng chn, kho lo suy t.

5. Tm hnh t phm hnh[128], tu tp chnh tr[129].

6. Tm qun bt tnh hnh[130], nim chn la.

7. Tm qun t chn , sanh 16 thnh tm[131].

8. Tm qun 12 nhn duyn, tu tp minh tu[132].

9. Tm nghe cc ba la mt, nh mun tu tp.

10. Tm qun v thng, kh, khng, v ng, tch dit.

11. Tm qun khng, v tng, v nguyn, v tc.

12. Tm qun m, gii, nhp, c nhiu ti li.

13. Tm hng phc phin no, chng phi ngi bn ng hnh.

14. Tm gn gi cc thin php, nh l ngi bn ng hnh.

15. Tm kim ch c php, mun on tr hn.

16. Tm tu tp chnh php, mong thm rng ln.

17. Tm tuy tu php nh tha, thng a x ly.

18. Tm nghe b tt tng, vui v phng hnh.

19. Tm li mnh li ngi, tu thun tng tin cc thin nghip.

20. Tm nm gi hnh chn tht, cu tt c Pht php.


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6. Kho nhp qun tt c chng sanh v ng nhng khng x i bi.

7. Kho nhp sanh vo c th nhng chng phi do nghip lc sanh.

8. Kho nhp ly dc nhng chng chng php ly dc.

9. Kho nhp x dc lc nhng khng x php lc.

10. Kho nhp x tt c h lun[139], cc s hiu bit nhng khng xphng tin v cc php qun.

11. Kho nhp suy t php hu vi nhiu ti kh, nhng khng xhu vi.

12. Kho nhp php v vi thanh tnh vin ly, nhng khng tr v vi.

B tt c th tu tp tt c thin nhp php mn tc l c th kho ng giici khng, ci v s hu ca ba i. Qun c nh vy gi l qun tam thkhng, l c sc tr tu vy. ni ba i ch Pht m gieo trng v lngcng c, thy u em hi hng V thng b , y gi l b tt khoqun tam th phng tin.

Li na, qun php qu kh qua v khng th i n v lai, nhng thngtu thin cn, tinh cn khng gii i. Qun php v lai tuy cha sanh khinhng khng b tinh tn, nguyn hng b . Qun php hin ti tuy nimnim sanh diet nhng khng qun tm mnh, pht nguyn hng v b .y gi l b tt tu qun tam th phng tin, rng: qu kh dit, v laicha n, hin ti khng dng. Qun nh vy cng c ngha l qun st vtm vng, tm s lun sanh dit, tan hoi, nhng thng khng b vic tchcha thin cn v cc php tr b . y gi l b tt tu qun tam th

phng tin.

Li na, b tt qun tt c thin, bt thin, ng, v ng, tht, bt tht, khng,

bt khng, th , chn , chnh nh, t nh, hu vi, v vi, hu lu, vlu, hc php, bch php, sanh t, nit bn, ton l th tnh nh th ca phpgii: nht tng, v tng, v trong khng c php v no c th gi lvo tng, cng khng c php hu no lm v tng[140]. y giht thy php n l bt kh hoi n. trong php n y cng khng c citng ca n, gi l chn tht tr tu, phng tin, bt nh ba la mt. B ttma ha tt pht b tm nn hc nh vy, nn hnh nh vy. Hnh c


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nh vy lin gn vi qu v V thng chnh ng chnh gic. B tt ma hatt tu hnh tr tu m tm v s hnh[141], v php tnh vn thanh tnh. ygi l y bt nh ba la mt.

---o0o---

Phm 10: Nh Tht Php Mn

Nu thin nam t, thin n nhn tu tp su ba la mt cu V thngchnh ng chnh gic th phi xa la by php. Nhng g l by?

1. La c tri thc. c tri thc l ngi dy ta la b thng tn, thngdc, thng tinh tn, ch hun tp cc tp hnh.

2. La n sc, tham m, ham mun, nhng thi quen ca ngi i,nhng vn cng lm vic vi h.

3. La nhng c gic, khng nn nhn ngm hnh dung ca mnh, sanhtm tham tic, qu trng, say m, c gi gn n v cho rng c th gi gnc lu.

4. La s gin d, bc ng, ghen ght, gy ra tranh ci v lm hi lonthin tm ngi khc.

5. La tm phong dt, kiu mn, bing nhc, mnh c cht iu thinm khinh mit ngi khc.

6. La nhng sch lun ngoi o, vn chng th tc, li l trau chut.Chng phi li Pht dy th khng nn ca ngi.

7. Khng nn gn gi t kin, c kin.

By php nh vy phi nn xa la. c Pht dy rng, s khng tm thymt php no khc chng su Pht o ngoi by php ny. Cho nn b ttcn phi xa la.

Nu mun mau chng V thng b th phi tu by php. Nhng g lby?


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1. B tt nn gn gi thin tri thc. Thin tri thc chnh l ch Pht vch b tt. Nu c v thanh vn hay ngi no c th dy cho ngi ang tu

b tt o tr su vao php tng (ca b tt) v cc php ba la mt th cnggi l thin tri thc b tt vy.

2. B tt cn phi gn gi hng xut gia, cng phi gn gi chn a lannh, la khi n sc va cc ham mun. Tuy khng tp nhim thi inhng vn tu vic cng tc.

3. B tt cn phi t qun thn mnh nh phn t, nh nhp loi, tphp ca gi lnh, mu nng[142], khng th tham m, ngy qua n cht,nn ngh chn la, tinh cn tu o.

4. B tt cn phi thng hnh ho nhn, cung knh, nhu thun, cng phi

khuyn ha mi ngi tr vo php nhn.

5. B tt cn phi tu tp tinh tn, thng sanh h thn, knh th strng, thng xt k ngho cng h ng, thy ngi b nguy khn emthn chu thay.

6. B tt cn phi tu tp cc phap phng ng i tha v b tt tng,th tr, c tng nhng php c Pht ca ngi.

7. B tt cn phi gn gi tu tp nht ngha , ngha l tht tng cacc php l nht tng[143], v tng[144].

Nu hng b tt mun mau chng chng V thng b th phi gn giby php nh vy.

Li na, nu ngi pht b tm, em ch s c ca mnh c c trongv lng a tng k kip tu tp cc php nh: t bi, h x, b th, tr gii,nhn nhc, tinh tn, thin nh, tr tu, th phi bit ngi o cha la sanht, khng hng b . V sao vy? V h cn ci tm thy c s c v

cn ci thy th c: thy m, gii, nhp, thy ng, thy nhn, thy chngsanh, thy th mng, thy t bi h x, thy b th, tr gii, nhn nhc, tinhtn, thin nh, tr tu v cc kin chp khc. Tm yu m ni, cn ci thyPht php tng v ci thy nit bn. Ci thy c th c nh vy l cn tmchp trc. Chp trc cung gi l t kin. V sao ni nh vy? L vngi t kin b lun chuyn trong tam gii, trn khng bao gi ra khi tam


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gii. Ngi chp trc cng li nh vy, trn khng bao gi ra khi s chptng sai bit, khng th thnh tu v thng b .

Nu ngi pht b tm th cn phai qun st ci tm khng tng.Nhng g l tm? Sao gi l v tng? Tm l (tm) thc, tc l thc m, nhp v gii[145]. Tm khng tng l tm khng c tng ca tm,cng khng c tc gi[146]. V sao vy? Tng ca tm l khng, khngc tc gi, khng khin ai l tc gi. Nu khng c tc gi th khng ctng lm ra. Nu b tt hiu r php nh vy th i vi tt c cc phpkhng c chp trc. Do khng c chp trc nn i vi cc php thin c,hiu r khng c qu bo (thin c). Tu tp tm t th hiu rng khng cng. Tu tp tm bi th hiu rng khng c chng sanh. Tu tp tm h thhiu rng khng c mng gi[147]. Tu tp tm x th hiu rng khng cnhn. Tuy hnh b th nhng khng thy c vt b th. Tuy hnh tr gii

nhng khng thy tm mnh thanh tnh. Tuy hnh nhn nhc nhng khngthy c chng sanh nhn nhc. Tuy hnh tinh tn nhng khng c tm lydc. Tuy hnh thin nh nhng khng c tm tr c. Tuy hnh tr tu mtm v s hnh. trong tt c duyn (tu tp) u c tr tu nhng khngchp trc vo tr tu, khng c th c tr tu, khng thy mnh c tr tu.Hnh gi tu hnh tr tu nh vy, khng thy c tu, khng g chng tu, vgio ho chng sanh hin hnh lc m ni tm thanh tnh.

Hnh gi kho tu tm mnh nh vy th trong khong mt nim trngthin cn, phc c qu bo v lng v bin, trm ngn mun c a tngk kip khng th cng tn, t nhin c gn qu v V thng chnh ngchnh gic.

---o0o---

Phm 11: Khng V Tng

Thu trc, by gi c Pht trong rng trc Ca lan cng vi hng ichng nhiu v lng tp hi. Khi , c Th tn tuyn by chnh php,

ngi bo i chng rng: Nh lai ni v c tnh v tnh[148],khng[149], v s hu[150] ca cc php. Tt c th gian i vi nhngc tnh ny ca cc php rt kh tin, kh hiu. V sao vy?

Sc khng tri buc vo ci g nn cng khng ci m. Th, tng, hnh,thc cng khng tri buc v khng ci m. Sc l v tng[151], ly cctng[152]. Th, tng, hnh, thc l v tng, ly cc tng. Sac l v


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trong php khng m ni cc php tng. Do Ngi cn c ch s c nncng khng c th k. Ln lt nh vy cho n khi gp c c Pht

Nhin ng ra i, thy Pht, nghe php, lin chng c ht thy v sanhphp nhn. c php nhn ny ri mi c Pht Nhin ng th k.c Nh lai Nhin ng tr trong php khng din ni cc php tng, thot v lng trm ngn chng sanh, nhng khng thy c i tng dinni, khng c i tng thot.

c Thch Ca Mu Ni Th tn hin ra ni i, tr trong php khng, dinni bng vn t khai th, gio ho li ch cho chng sanh c vui mng,u c tip nhn m tu hnh, nhng Ngi khng thy c khai th, khngthy c chng sanh tip nhn. Phi bit php tnh, php tng y rt rokhng. Ngi chp vn t vo h khng cng khng, ngi bit trong hkhng c vn t cng khng. Ngi thuyt php cng khng, ngi hiu

php cng khng. T xa nay l khng, v lai cng khng, hin ti cngkhng. Tuy vy cc b tt nh tch tp vn thin, phng tin lc, tinh cnkhng gii i m thnh tu cng c vin mn, c qu v V thngchnh ng chnh gic. Php khng ny tht rt l kh (ng nhp), khngth ngh bn. Tr trong php v m ni cc php tng, trong ch vc[158] m ni php hu c. Nhng vic trn y u l cnh gii cach Pht, phi dng v lng tr mi c th hiu ni (cht phn), chng phich suy lng m bit ht c.

B tt mi pht , het lng knh ngng, vui thch b , do tin li Pht mdn dn c kh nng ng nhp (cnh gii ca ch Pht). V sao gi l tn?Tn qun t , tr cc phin no vng kin tht buc, c A la hn. Tnqun thp nh nhn duyn, dit tr v minh sanh khi cc hnh, c Bch chiPht. Tn tu t v lng tm, lc ba la mt, c V thng chnh ngchnh gic. y gi l Tn nhn.

Chng sanh t v th n nay b trm lun sanh t l do vng tng, chptrc, khng thy c php tnh, th trc phi qun st t thn do ng unho hp, chng sanh ch l gi danh; v t thn l v ng nn cng khng c

chng sanh. V sao vy? Nu tht c ng th ng phi t ti, nhngchng sanh thng b sanh gi bnh cht n xm hi, khng c t ti, do bit rng v ng. V ng tc l v tc gi. V tc gi th cng v thgi. Php tnh l thanh tnh, nh tht thng tr. Qun st nh vy chac rt ro th gi l Thun nhn. B tt tu Tn nhn v Thun nhn ri thkhng bao lu s thnh tu Ti thng php nhn[159].


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---o0o---

Phm 12: Cng c Tr

B tt tu hnh y tm v tng, nhng tm cha tng tr ni tc nghip,ngha l b tt oi vi cc nghip tng, bit m c lm. B tt v tu thincn, cu b nn khng x hu vi; v cc chng sanh tu tm i bi nnkhng tr v vi; v nht thit chn diu tr ca Pht nn khng x sanh t; v v bin chng sanh khin khng cn d nn khng tr nit bn. ychnh l hng b tt ma ha tt thm tm cu V thng chnh ng chnhgic.

Cc ngi con Pht, b tt thnh tu 10 php sau y th trn khng thitht o V thng b . Nhng g l mi?

1. B tt thm tn pht tm cu V thng b , gio ho chng sanhcng pht tm nh vy.

2. Thng a thy Pht, em nhng vt qu bu ca mnh dng ln cngdng ch Pht su trng thin cn.

3. V cu php nn em tm tn knh cng dng php s, nghe phpkhng chn.

4. Nu thy cc thy t kheo ph Tng[160] hai b chng[161] gychuyn, tranh ci ln nhau, gy ti li cho nhau, th phi cn cu mi

phng tin cho hai bn ho hp.

5. Nu thy quc no t c cng tng, Pht php mun hoi, th phithng c tng, gii ni chnh php, nhn n mt bi k, cho chnh

php khng on dt, chuyn tm h php, khng tic thn mng.

6. Thy cac chng sanh b kinh s kh no, lm s cu h, cho s v

u.

7. Pht khi tinh tn tu hnh cu cc kinh php thm thm thuc vphng ng i tha v b tt tng.

8. c cc php ny ri th phi th tr, c tng, ng nh php mthc hnh, ng nh php m an tr.


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9. an tr ni php (phng ng i tha v b tt tng) th c thkhuyn khch, hng dn cho nhiu chng sanh khin h c d vo trong

php ny.

10. Vo trong php ny ri, th c th v chng sanh thuyet gii, khai th,gio ho, khuyn khch v tn thng cho h, ri c ng nhp.

B tt thnh tu c 10 php nh vy ri, th i vi o V thng b trn khng thi tht. B tt cn phi tu hnh theo gio ngha ca kinh ny.Gio ngha ca kinh in (phng ng i tha v b tt tng) nh vykhng th ngh bn, ngha l n c th sanh khi tt c chng t i t bi.Kinh ny c kh nng khai ng, dn dt chng sanh b tri buc th,khin cho h pht b tm. Kinh ny l chnh nhn tu hnh cho ngi

hng v b . Kinh ny c kh nng thnh tu c tt c hnh v ngca b tt. Kinh ny c ch Pht qu kh, v lai, hin ti h nim cho.

Nu c thin nam t, thin n nhn no mun tinh cn tu tp V thng b th phi din ging rng ri, truyn b kinh in nh vy ni Dim ph khng cho on dt, lm cho v lng v bin chng sanh c nghekinh ny. Nu c thin nam t, thin n nhn no c nghe kinh ny thnhng ngi u c li ch tc thi, c i tr tu t khng th ngh

bn, c phc c qu bo khng th so lng. V sao c nh vy? Vkinh ny c th khai ng v lng hu nhn thanh tnh, c th khin choPht chng ni mi khng dt, c th cu v lng kh no ca chng sanh,c th chiu ph tt c v minh si m, c th ph tr t ma[162] v cc manghip[163], c th lm h hoi tt c t kin ca ngoi o, c th dit trla ln phin no, c th lm tiu mt nhn duyn sanh khi cc hnh, cth on tr su cc trng bnh ca chng sanh: l xan tham, ph gii,sn hn, gii i, lon v ngu si, c th tr nghip chng, bo chng,

php chng, phin no chng, ch kin chng, v minh chng, trchng, tp chng.

Ni tm li, kinh ny c kh nng tiu dit khng st tt c c php, c khnng lm cho tng trng mau chng tt c thin php.

Nu c thin nam t, thin n nhn no nghe kinh ny ri hoan h vui thch,sanh tm hy hu, phi bit ngi ny tng cng dng v lng chPht, su trng thin cn. V sao ni vy? V kinh ny chnh l ch thc thi


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ca ba i ch Pht, cho nn hnh gi c nghe kinh ny phi t vui mngrng may thu hoch s thin li ln.

Nu c ngi bin chp, c tng kinh ny phi bit ngi c phcbo v lng v bin. V sao ni vy? V kinh ny l ch duyn khi vbin, l ni hng pht v lng i th nguyn, nhip th tt c chngsanh, trang nghim V thng i b , cho nn c phc c cngli nh vy, ngha l khng c hn lng.

Nu ngi no c th gii r ngha th kinh ny, ng nh php m tu hnh,th tt c ch Pht trong a tng k kip dng v tn tr ni v phc bo cangi cng khng cng tn. Nu ch no c php s ging thuyt kinhny, phi bit ni lin nn xy thp. V sao vy? V chnh php chntht t ni xut sanh. Kinh ny tu quc , thnh p, t lc, cha

miu, tnh x no, phi bit nhng ni chnh c php thn. Nu c ngino cng dng hoa hng, k nhc, la treo, trng phan, bo ci, ngm ca,tn thn, chp tay cung knh i vi kinh ny, phi bit ngi ni tipPht chng, hung li th tr y kinh ny. Nhng ngi o thnh tucng c, tr tu, trang nghim (php thn), i v lai c Pht th k,quyt nh thnh tu V thng chnh ng chnh gic.

[1] ng khng: bnh ng nh h khng.

[2] Bt ng tr: Tr tu ca Pht ly i b tm lm th. i b tm lbn tnh thanh tnh, v vi tch dit, nn gi l bt ng.

[3] i phng ng: Theo truyn thng i tha, s d gi l kinh inphng ng v ngha ca n rng ln nh h khng, v ni v chn lchnh xc v rng ln. Phng ng cn gi l phng qung: l tt cngn thuyt c lin h n b tt tng, l ch s y c th em li li chv an lc cho chng sanh. Cng gi l qung ph: v kh nng ph hu mt

cch rng ri cc chng ngi. Cng gi l v t: v khng c php no cth so snh bng. (i bt nit bn kinh, A t t ma tp lun)

[4] Ti thng diu: Vn trng tm ca lun ny l pht b tm. B tm l cn bn ti quan trng ca b tt o nn gi l ti thng. Nhlun ny ni: B tm l ch pht sanh tt c thin php, thien nh, trtu, nn gi l diu vy.


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[5] Ma c lc gi tng: Tn gi ring cho lun tng, dch l bn mu, hnhmu. Gio l l gc, lun tng l m sinh ra gio l nn gi l bn mu.Lun tng cng cn l b m sinh ra cc hnh php (gio php tu tp) nngi l hnh mu.

[6] Trang nghim b : B (bodhi) l tri, gic, tc l s gic ng m cnbn l tu tm s. Trang nghim b ca ton b lun ny l trang nghimV thng b (A nu a la tam miu tam b = s gic ng ti thng,V thng chnh ng chnh gic). l t ng b trong b tm.

[7] Ng t gii: 1. Ba la mc xoa, 2. nh cng gii, 3. V lu gii, 4.Nhip cn gii, 5. V tc gii. Xem phm Thi la ba la mt, th 5.

[8] Tt cnh nhn = Thanh tnh tt cnh nhn: s nhn nhc khng kt nhtng. Xem phm Sng ba la mt, th 6.

[9] Ch dy li mng: Chnh vn l th gio li h. y l li thuyt phpca Pht v b tt, theo th l trnh by cho ngi nghe r thin c, ttxu; gio l thuyt phc ngi nghe b c lm lnh, ri xu theo tt; li lch ra s li ch ca vic thc hnh y; h l tn thng s thc hnh y chongi nghe vui mng.

[10] V kin nh tng (nh u khng th nhn thy): Trn nh u caPht c g tht ni cao ln, cng gi l nhc k, l mt trong 32 tng itrng phu ca Pht. Trong tng ny c ci nh im m tt c tri vngi khng th nhn thy c. Tr tu v kin nh tng l ni v tr tucao tt, tc Pht tr.

[11] V sanh php nhn = tu gic v sanh: V sanh l khng pht sanhphin no, c nghip. Php v sanh (= khng ni dy/ khng pht sanh) ltht tng (bn th) vn khng phi phin no, khng sanh phin no. Thnhn php v sanh y gi l V sanh php nhn. c tu gic ny l n

a v Bt thi chuyn (A b bt tr)

[12] Thin php bao gm 37 phm tr o ca thanh vn. Thin nh, tr tuch cho lc vn hnh ca b tt.

[13] Th gii quan Pht gio cho rng, do nghip sai bit ca loi hu tnhnn th gian chia ra 3 ci: Dc gii (Kamadhatu), Sc gii (Rupadhatu) v


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V sc gii (Arupadhatu). Dc gii l ni chng sanh cn nhim nm dclc. Sc gii l ni chng sanh ly dc nhng cn c sc tng trangnghim ca thn v cnh. V sc gii c th gi l tinh thn gii, v ni ytuyt tng thn cnh, khng c sc un, ch c th, tng, hnh, thc, 4 mm thi. Ba ci nh vy chia lm 25 hu. Hu c ngha l c nhn c qu,sanh t lin tc, khng phi gii thot. Phn Dc gii c 14 hu, chia ralm 3: 1. Bn c th: a ngc, ng qu, sc sanh v a tu la. 2. Bn ichu: Nam thim b chu, ng thng thn chu, Ty ngu ho chu vBc cu l chu. 3. Su tng tri (lc dc thin): T vng thin, ao lithin, Tu d ma thin, u sut thin, Ho lc thin v Tha ho t ti thin.Phn Sc gii c 7 hu: S thin, Nh thin, Tam thin, T thin, i phmthin trong S thin, V tng thin v Tnh c thin trong T thin. PhnV sc gii c 4 hu: Khng v bin x, Thc v bin x, V s hu x vPhi tng phi phi tng x.

[14] Nh trng hp ngi a tng b tt pht nguyn: Chng sanh tnphng chng b . V chng sanh gii th v tn nn ngi a tng mimi lm b tt qua li trong mi phng.

[15] Do b tt pht tm .... gii hn: Theo st chnh vn, l ra phi dch l:Do chng sanh gii khng c cng tn nn b tt pht tm ngang bngchng sanh gii. (Bi v) Chng sanh gii th khng c gii hn vy.

[16] Thin tri thc: Pht dy: A nan, ng ni thin tri thc l bn phnphm hnh, v l chnh thin tri thc l ton phn phm hnh. Thin tri thcl ngi m ta c th thn cn hc hi Pht php, l ngi c th h tr vhng dn ta tu hnh.

[17] Phm Hnh nguyn ni: Trong cc cch cng dng, php cng dngl ti thng. Php cng dng l tu thun v lm theo li Pht dy, l ho chng sanh. Kinh Hoa nghim vit: Du trong mi nim, cng dng vlng Pht, m cha bit php chn tht, chng gi l cng dng. KinhThng t duy dy: Chng khi nghip ti, chng khi nghip phc, chng

khi nghip v ng, gi l cng dng Pht.

[18] Tu tp thin cn, cn bn l gi gn tnh gii, v tnh gii l ch yn nnht, lm ni tr n cho mi th cng c.


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[19] Ch cu chnh php = nhn lnh chnh php: l cn bn ti quan trngca s pht b tm. Nhn lnh chnh php bao gm trong tam t tnhgii: nhip lut nghi gii, nhip thin php gii v nhip chng sanh gii.

[20] Nh Nh lai chnh l tm t bi rng ln i vi tt c chng sanh, yNh lai l lng nhu ho nhn nhc, to Nh lai chnh l Nht thit phpkhng. An tr trong y l Nh lai s gi, hnh Nh lai s. Nh lun ni:tm thng nhu ho, gp kh hay nhn, t bi thun hu, thm tm bnh ng

[21] Tin a i tha = c tin i tha: tin vo th, tng, dng ca Tm.Tm y l Pht, Tm y lm Pht. Tm y a nhng bc v i vo a vv i.

[22] Cu tr tu Pht: B tt ly tr tu (Pht) lm s nghip, v khng tr tu

th vnh kip lun hi v lm sao thnh tu c v thng gic, do btt hc rng nghe nhiu, tng trng tr tu, thnh tu bin ti, gio ho ttc bng php i tha. (Kinh Bt i nhn gic)

[23] Tr ca Pht c 10 lc: 1. Th x phi x tr lc, 2. Nghip tr lc, 3.Thin nh tr lc, 4. Cn tnh tr lc, 5. Nguyn dc tr lc, 6. Gii tr lc,7. o ch x tr lc, 8. Tc mng tr lc, 9. Thin nhn tr lc, 10. Lu tntr lc.

[24] Bn c v s u ca Pht: 1. Nht th tr v u, 2. Lu tn v u, 3.Thuyt o v u, 4. Thuyt kh tn o v u.

[25] Tam nim x: Cn gi l Tam nim tr: c Pht i bi, nhip hochng sanh, thng an tr ni chnh nim, chnh tr trong ba trng hp, l: 1. Chng sinh lng mng khi c chng sanh tin Pht, 2. Chng sinh bun

phin khi c chng sanh chng tin Pht, 3. Chng sinh vui mng hay bunru khi cng mt lc c chng sanh tin v c chng sanh chng tin Pht.

[26] T lu: Cn gi l T bc lu (bn dng nc xit), ch cho phin no

c kh nng cun tri cc thin php, nh dng nc ln c kh nng cuntri nh ca, cy ci v.v... Bn dng nc phin no l: 1. Dc lu: tham,sn, si, mn, nghi v.v... gm c 29 hoc thuc Dc gii, 2. Hu lu: tham,mn, nghi v.v... gm c 28 hoc thuc Sc gii v V sc gii, 3. Kin lu:36 kin chp ca ba ci, 4. V minh lu: 15 th v minh ca ba ci.


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[27] Bt nn: Tm ch chng nn cho s thy Pht v nghe php, cng gil tm ch khng rnh h m tu hnh. l: 1. a ngc, 2. Ng qu, 3.Sc sanh, 4. Lm ngi m sng i chu Bc cu l, sng qu sng, 5.Tri Trng th, sng qu lu, 6. Lm ngi m ui, ic, cm, ngng, 7.Lm ngi m th tr bin thng, thng minh l lun theo tr thc th gian,8. Lm ngi m sinh trc hay sau Pht xut th hoc sng ni khng cPht php.

[28] Phi tng phi phi tng x nh l nh th 4 trong T khng thuc thgian thin, phm phu thin hay ngoi o thin. S d gi nh vy l v cc

php thin ny cha c th a hnh gi ra ngoi tam gii, cha chng cThnh qu, vn cn quanh qun trong vng phm phu hay th gian.

[29] on ny cho thy i bi v i nguyn ca b tt l nh th no.

[30] Can tu a: L a th nht ca Thp a. Tr tu y kh ro nhngcha thun thc nn gi l can tu.

[31] Ng thng: Thin nhn thng, Thin nh thng, Tha tm thng, Tcmng thng v Thn tc thng.

[32] Th : L ng v phng din th tc v tng i m qun st, suylun th thy nhn cng c v php cng c.

[33] Gi danh: C hai cch gii thch. 1. V danh: Cc php vn v danh,do ngi gi trao cho ci danh, do vy tt c cc danh u l h gi khngtht, khng kh hp vi tht th. Nh ngi ngho m trao cho ci danhgiu sang, l gi danh. 2. V php: Cc php u do nhn duyn ho hpm thnh, khng c tht th chn tht, do vy khng th t sai bit. Da vogi danh th c php sai bit, xa la ci danh th khng c cc php sai bit,do vy ch ra cc php l gi danh. Lu b php gi danh l ng

phng din tc m ba ra tc dng ho , bi v qun st cc php tuykhng v v s c nhng bn th vn cc php, mun hnh vn trng,

khng thiu mt php no.

[34] nht ngha = chn tht ngha: L ni v phng din tuyt i, thng v php u l gi c, ch khng tht c. nht ngha l ni thngngha v tnh, v thng ngha ca cc php l v tnh, l thng ngha donhn v ng v php v ng hin l. nht ngha cng tc l nht chn

php gii vy.


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[35] Php tnh chn tht nh th = chn nh. Chn nh y l vin thnhtht tnh ca cc php.

[36] Chnh php tr (tr tu nhn thc c chnh php) = nh tht tu,thng tr tr. Nh tht tu l tr tu thy r bn tnh ca cc php, tc tuchng chn nh. Thng tr tr l tr tu bn hu khng b chi phi bi misinh thnh hay hoi dit ca hin tng gii. C ch gii thch, chnh phptr chnh l su tr (tc tr tu ca su ba la mt), c l l chnh php trm ngi Th Thn ni n. Mt cch tng qut, nguyn c chnh php trl c nguyn hc hi tt c Pht php, m Pht php th v tn nn thnguyn cng v tn. Th gian tnh cng chnh l Pht php, cho nn cnguyn hiu bit thu trit th gian tnh cng chnh l c nguyn vo su

bin c Pht php, v quan trng l th hin s tu tp bng tr trong mi c

ch hnh vi, mi mi trng, mi i tng nhng cng hng n mt cucnh cao c l V thng b .

[37] i chiu vi 3 iu i nguyn trong kinh Thng man th thy 2nguyn u tng ng vi nguyn 5 v 6 y: Nguyn th nht l conem thin cn ca con m nguyn i no cng c chnh php tr.

Nguyn th hai l con sinh ra u cng c chnh php tr, ri th connguyn din ni cho chng sanh mt cch khng mt mi.

[38] Tm v s hnh: Th hi c chn l v tng, trong lng khng cg chp trc, khng c g phn bit.

[39] V s bt hnh: Tt c cc php u l Pht php (Nht thit ch phpv phi Pht php), cho nn t mt thy, tai nghe, mi ngi, ming nm, thnxc, ngh v.v... b tt mi mi u tu, cho n i, ng, nm, ngi cngu l tu. Tt c mi s, mi vic, t ni tm n ngoi cnh, t t li nli tha, t mt vi trn cho n sn h i a u l php tu ca b tt.

[40] Kinh T ch c ni: Nu b tt x tt c phin no th gi l b th ba

la mt, i vi cc php tm khng khi th gi l tr gii ba la mt, i vicc php khng lm thng hi gi l nhn nhc ba la mt, i vi cc phpxa la s tng gi l tinh tn ba la mt, i vi cc php tm v s tr gi lthin nh ba la mt, i vi cc php tm khng h lun gi l tr tu ba lamt. Phm Nguyn th, ngoi 10 i nguyn trn, th 6 i th l th tutp 6 php ba la mt, trong b th v nhn nhc thuc v bi, thin nh vtr tu thuc v tr, tr gii v tinh tn thuc v dng. Bi, tr, dng l ba iu


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kin cn yu ca hnh gi trn bc ng i n bo s. Dng c cngnng kim sot v c sut cho bi v tr. Thnh Pht tc l hon thnh haic bi, tr n mc vin mn tt cng.

[41] Phng dt: D hiu l phng tng. Tuy nhin, phng dt khng phich biu hin s phng tng , bung th, m y nn hiu l khng singnng mt cch thng xuyn v hp chnh php, tm ch li lng, hi htmt cht i vi chnh php tu tp, l phng dt. Th nn cc thy Tkheo, ng nn phng dt. Ta nh khng phng dt m t thnh chnh gic.V s iu thin u do khng phng dt m thc hin. l li ni cuicng ca ta. (Trng A Hm)

[42] Kinh Di gio dy: Gic cp lm hi kh ch mt i, cn gic gicquan ho n nhiu kip ... Ch ng tm li mt ch th khng vic g khng

thnh.

[43] Ng ci: Nm php c th che lp (ci) tm tnh khin chng sinhthin php, chng ngi thin nh: 1. Tham dc, 2, Sn gin, 3. Thumin (nhc ng), 4. Tro hi (no ng hi hn), 5. Nghi ng. (Lun CuX)

[44] V tng i th: S b th ln em li ch cho ngi nhn th l ngnhp c php v tng: bn th siu vit. y hiu l php th, cnghiu l b th tam lun khng tch: khng phn bit k cho, ngi nhn vvt th.

[45] T o: Bn th vng kin in o, c hai loi: 1. i vi sanh t:v thng, kh, v ng, bt tnh, m li chp thng, lc, ng, tnh. y l

bn th vng kin in o ca hng phm phu, thuc hu vi. 2. i viNit bn: thng, lc, ng, tnh, m li chp v thng, v lc, v ng, vtnh. y l bn th vng kin in o ca hng Nh tha, thuc v vi.on tr tm th in o hu vi v v vi l b tt.

[46] Chn : Chn l ni ci chn tht khng h vng, l vn c. Chn l i li vi tc . V d ni th gian php l tc , th xut thgian php l chn .

[47] B th, khng lun b th ni ti hay ngoi ti, u v i tr lng thamxan. B th ni ti c nhin l cao vt hn ngoi ti, nhng b th ngoi tikhng phi l chuyn d. Thi tham ln ca con ngi m r rt su. V


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[53] Ly dc = ri xa s tc hi ca dc. Dc l mt c tnh ca tm. Dcc nhiu th nh: dc phng tng va l kh, va l nguyn nhn ca kh;dc tham, sn, si v ng phn; dc no ng ca tm thc vn kh trongcc cn, tr ngi cho s tu hnh; dc tc hi lm ngun gc pht sinh ti lini mnh v cho ngi.

[54] Dt sch ht lu nghip = lu tn: Phm phu qua 6 cn phng tng mr r (lu) ra phin no, nn gi phin no l lu. Cc qu ca tam tha (Ala hn) l dng thnh tr dt b ht cc loi phin no ny, nn gi l lu tn(A la hn).

[55] Tm thng nh = ai nim tm: Ci tm nh ngi m thng nhcon.

[56] Chnh nim l nh vng nim, khng cho vng nim c c hi triln. Chnh nim l t duy v nhip nim vo chnh php m mnh vn, t,tu. Khng c chnh nim th s vn, t, tu chnh php vn kh c, m cri vn khng gi c v thnh c. V d nghe dy v gii, t duy v lich ca gii v tu tr gii, nu nh khng c chnh nim th s vn, t, tugii y kh m thnh tu. Nh vy chnh nim cng tc l gii nim(phng tin ca tam mui i tr s phng dt). Th nn cc thy hylun lun tp trung chnh nim li ni tm tr. Mt chnh nim l mt cngc. Nu chnh nim c nng lc vng mnh, th du phi vo trong mgic ng dc cng khng b chng st hi; ta nh tng s lm trn m mco gip lt ng th khng cn s hi g na. (Kinh Di Gio)

[57] Bch t yt ma: Yt ma, ni l Tng gi yt ma, l ch s biuquyt ca chng Tng. Tng php yt ma c ba loi: n bch, bch nh v

bch t. n bch th ch cn mt ln tc bch th Tng s thnh tu. Bchnh th mt ln tc bch v mt ln yt ma (biu quyt). Bch t dng trongnhng trng hp quan trng cn mt ln tuyn b v ba ln biu quytng thun th Tng s mi thnh tu. Trng hp truyn gii, th gii cn

phi bch t.

[58] Ba la mc xoa (Ptimokkha): C ngha l bit gii thot, x x giithot, tu thun gii thot. Ba la mc xoa l bn th gii thot, c nnglc chnh , tc l gi gn ba nghip khng ri vo lm li, khng cho hu

phm thiu st, chuyn ha ci c ca ba nghip m thnh tu ba nghip giithot. c Pht thit lp mt cng ng ca nhng ngi xut gia v thc tc, l gio hi Thanh vn tng, sng t ch ng bng s ch ng ca


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gii bn Ba la mc xoa, tc nhng iu khon gii lut phi chp hnhcho mc ch thnh tu gii thot. Gi l Bit gii thot v cc phin noc on tr trong cc giai on kin o v tu o c x ly tng cimt. (Cn bn lut nhip)

[59] Cn bn nh: Cn bn thin, gi tt l cn bn, dng i li vi Cnphn nh, tc l gii nh la b phin no tng tri di m c c Sthin cho ti Phi tng phi phi tng nh. Hnh gi thn vn cn ni Dcgii, lc cha sanh v Sc gii hay V sc gii, bng s tu hnh ca mnh,hon ton on tr phn h a ca tu hoc, s c thng a nh, th gil cn bn nh.

[60] Chnh vn l t v o thin, y phi l t cn phn nh ca tthin: T thin, mi a u c cn bn nh v cn phn nh. Th d,

thin nh pht ra do on tu hoc Dc gii l cn bn nh ca S thin.Thin nh pht ra gn ging vi cn bn nh ca S thin do iu phcc phin no Dc gii, l cn phn nh ca S thin.

[61] nh cng gii: Ly nh (samdhi) lm gii, ngha l do tu tp thinnh m thn tm thanh tnh, on tr c cc lu hoc, gii th c tc, giithot do nh sinh.

[62] V o cn bn nh ca s thin: Trong bn cn bn nh v bn cnphn ca t thin nh vy cn phn nh ca S thin c im khc vi cccn phn nh khc, nn t ra tn gi khc l V ch nh (v o nh),ngha l V ch cn bn nh (cha t ti cn bn nh).

[63] V lu gii = o cng gii: Ngha l khi Thnh gi chng nhp nhv lu (t thin) Sc gii t thn cng pht ra v lu tr v thnh tu giith phng phi ch c (nga li dt c), gi l v lu lut nghi. V lu lutnghi ny v v lu o cng sanh cng dit, nn gi l o cng gii. Giiny thuc v biu nghip. Theo Thuyt nht thit hu b, ly v biunghip lm tht sc, v vy Thnh gi sanh ni V sc gii tuy c kh nng

thnh tu gii ny nhng hn nhin khng hin khi c. Theo Duy thcgia th ly tt c v biu nghip lm phi tht sc. Trong tt c v biunghip, nhng g thuc v v lu o ca Sc gii v V sc gii th cngchuyn, v cng c cng nng on tr s phm gii, nn gi l v lulut nghi. y, ngi Th Thn cho v lu gii ch c t thin thuc Scgii.


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[64] Kin, vn, gic, tri (thy, nghe, hay, bit) = ci bit ca 6 thc: kin lnhn, vn l nh, gic l 3 th t, thit v thn, tri l . Ba thc nhn, nh v c khai ra 3 l v gip rt nhiu cho b phn, li bit c th v xutth. Ba thc cn li, t, thit v thn khng bng 3 thc trn nn hp lmmt.

[65] Nhip cn gii: Cn phng tng th va l kh, va l nguyn nhn cakh. i tr ci kh y bng phng tin ca tam mui, tc s nhip nim(chnh nim) do gi gii thanh tnh m c.

[66] V tc gii: Th ca gii c hai loi: 1. Tc gii, 2. V tc gii. Tcgii l khi th gii, ba nghip thn, khu, tc ng ng nh php, th lc ci th ca ba nghip biu hin c th thy, c th nghe c. Cn v tcgii l th ca ba nghip khng biu hin, ch da vo nhn duyn lc tc

gii m pht sinh trong thn, nn khng thy, khng nghe. Nghip th ,lc mi pht, tuy do s tc ng ca thn, khu, , nhng mt khi phtsinh ri th thng hng ni tip m khng cn da vo s to tc ca banghip na, cho nn gi l v tc.

[67] Thin chi: Chi l chi phn, b phn. T thin nh c 18 chi: S thinc 5 chi l gic, qun, h, lc v nht tm; nh thin c 4 chi l ni tnh, h,lc v nht tm; tam thin c 5 chi l x, nim, tu (tr), lc v nht tm; tthin c 4 chi l bt kh bt lc, x, nim v nht tm.

[68] Thin cn y l t tu v tu tu.

[69] Ng mn: Chp ng v ng s lm cho tm l ct cao ln.

[70] Kiu mn: Xc lo ngo ngc, khng coi ai r a g.

[71] Tng thng mn: Cha chng Thnh o m m bo chng.

[72] Mn mn = mn qu mn: Vi ngi hn mnh, mnh bo mnh hn

hn.

[73] i mn: T ho, t th, thm ch t xng mnh l V thng s.

[74] D thn i chi: y l hnh chu thay. Chu thay l thay ngi chukh, hay chu thay kh no cho chng sanh. Chu thay l gii th 3, li ch


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chng sanh, trong ba t tnh gii. Chu thay nh vy l b tt hnh, l ibi i nguyn ca b tt.

[75] Khng, v tng, v nguyn l ba cnh ca gii thot dn vo nit bn,nn gi l Tam gii thot mn: 1. Khng mn: Qun tt c php u khngc t tnh, do nhn duyn ho hp m sinh khi. Nu thng t nh vy thi vi cc php c t ti. 2. V tng mn: bit tt c cc phpkhng, th qun thy cc tng nam, n, ng nht, d bit v.v... tht bt khc. Thng t ch php v tng th la sai bit m c t ti. 3. Vnguyn mn: Nu bit tt c php v tng, th i vi ba ci khng c chnguyn cu. Do khng mong cu nn khng to tc nghip sanh t. Nukhng to tc nghip sanh t th cng khng c ci kh ca qu bo nnc t ti. V tc mn cng l v nguyn mn, nhng nhn mnh khngto tc nghip sanh t.

[76] Kin, gic, nguyn, tc: Ch nhng tm l ca phm phu. Kin l suyngh, tm ti hiu r m chn la, khng nh s l, bao gm nghachnh ng hay khng chnh ng. Gic l ni v mt nhn thc, khi cntip xc vi cnh a n nhn thc phn bit, nh kinh thng ni tm lkin, vn, gic, tri. (nhn thc, nh thc, t-thit-thn thc, thc), v chnhs thy, nghe, hay, bit ny m dn n ngn t h lun cho l su xa, hayho v hu ch. Nguyn l lng ham mun, kht khao, tm cu, dc vngdi nhiu hnh thc, tm lc th nay ch ny mai ch khc, ngha l khaokht i vi khoi lc gic quan (dc i), khao kht hin hu v tr thnh(hu i) v khao kht s khng hin hu (dit i). Chnh nguyn hay lngi m pht sinh mi hnh thi kh au v sanh t. Ch v ch mun sng,tn ti, ti sanh, tr thnh, tng trng, tch t m a n s tc , t nim,to tc nghip sanh t qua thn, khu, , y gi l tc.

[77] Thanh tnh tt cnh nhn: L s nhn nhc rt ro trong sch, l nhnnhc v nh tng: khng hin hnh sanh t cng khng hin hnh nit bn.

[78] Tn kt = ht phin no. Kt ngha l kt tp, tri buc, tn khc ca

phin no. V cc nhn duyn phin no kt tp sanh t, cho nn gi l kt.Tri buc khng cho chng sanh gii thot, cho nn gi l kt.

[79] V sanh nhn: Cng gi l V sanh php nhn, tc chng c Phttnh l l tnh bt sanh bt dit hay l th tht tng l chn nh bt ng.i tht tng v sanh dit ca cc php m tin chu thng sut, khng


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[88] c thi: nhng iu kin, c hi d pht sanh iu c, v nhng iukin, c hi cn tr s pht sanh iu thin.

[89] B th, tr gii, nhn nhc thuc v gii hc tng thng; thin nhthuc v tm hc tng thng; tr tu thuc v tu hc tng thng. Tinh tn

bao gm gii, tm v tu hc.

[90] Nht thit tr: tu gic bit ton th, bit v bn th. Tu gic thanh vnc phn tng t tu gic ny.

[91] Dc tm = b tm: Dc tm s y thuc thin tnh. l sham thch, mong cu b , lm ng lc cho mi iu thin pht sanh. Cth ni y l cng vic pht i tm, lp i nguyn ca s pht b tm.

[92] Buc s nh ngh ca mnh ni hin cnh: Chnh vn l h nim titin. Buc nim l i tr ci tm duyn cnh qu hin v lai v ci tm chduyn hin cnh. ni hin cnh l ch cho giy pht hin ti, by gi v y, thn u tm . Buc s nh ngh ni hin cnh l c nng lcquyt trch cc php mt cch ng l, nhp vo duy thc.

[93] An ban s tc: S tc qun, mt trong Ng nh tm qun, l php qunm hi th ra vo nh ch nhng suy ngh tn lon ca tm tng.

[94] c gic qun: T tng, ci nhn c, nh dc, sn, hi v.v... lm trngi vic tu tp thin nh.

[95] Bt gii thot: Tm gii thot, gm: 1. Ni hu sc tng qun ngoisc gii thot, 2. Ni v sc tng qun ngoi sc gii thot, 3. Tnh giithot thn tc chng c tc tr, 4. Khng v bin x gii thot, 5. Thc v

bin x gii thot, 6. V s hu x gii thot, 7. Phi tng phi phi tngx gii thot, 8. Dit th tng nh thn tc chng c tr.

[96] Th lng nghim tam mui: Php thin nh, qun tng rt ro vkin c tn l Th lng nghim. Phng php ny cn c theo kinh Thlng nghim, theo nhn chn rng cc php u t thc th l Nh Laitng tm m tu duyn bin hin, nh huyn nh ho. Nh sc ca Thlng nghim tam mui m b tt c bn c thng, lc, ng, tnh cach Pht.


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[97] Kim cang tam mui: V nh kim cng, khng vt no l khng b nph v; tam mui ny cng vy, khng php no l khng thng t. Kimcang tam mui c nhng nng lc rt ln nh: ph tan tt c cc php vthy cc php l v thng, duyn sinh, v tng; dit ht cc phin no,on th, thu phc c tt c php; bin hin v lng thn hnh khp cinc mi phng; thuyt php v lng v ngi.

[98] Kinh Php hoa, phm Ho thnh d, th 7.

[99] Bch ct qun: Mt php qun tng trong Bt tnh qun, bao gm 9iu qun tng nn cn gi l Cu tng qun, l: 1. Thy snh trng,2. Thy hu hoi, 3. Mu m chy ra, 4. Thy rc r, 5. Thy xanh chm,6. Thy b gii rc ra, 7. Thy tan r, 8. Thy cn li ng xng, 9. Thy

b t tiu. Php qun tng ny gip hnh gi khi m tng nhng th

ng dc cho l p v tt, cng nh gic ng bit r thn ngi l bt tnhm tr b tp kh tham dc.

[100] Ly dc l t b ci nhn ca tham, ly bt thin php l t b ci nhnca si. Ly dc l thanh tnh thn nghip, ly bt thin php l thanh tnh nghip.

[101] C gic c qun = c tm c t. Tm (vitkka) c ngha l nh mnhvo, c c tnh l hng tm, tm trn i tng. T (vicra) l t duyc a ln cao , c c tnh lin tc nhn mnh vo i tng, dn chtvo i tng. S thin xy n cng mt lc vi tm v t nn gi l cgic c qun, nh ni mt cy c hoa v tri.

[102] Ly sanh h lc: Bng tm l nhm chn ci trc ca ci Dc vmong cu xut ly (Ly), sau bng thin nh m xa la c ci trcca ci Dc, nn sanh tm vui mng (Sanh h lc). Hon ton ly dc, ly

bt thin php, v y chng v tr s thin, c tm c t, vi h lc do ly dcsanh.

[103] Khng gic khng qun = Khng tm khng t: Khi xut s thin,tm v t i vi hnh gi by gi thnh th, trong khi h lc v nht tm cv an tnh. Lm cho tnh ch tm v t, hnh gi chng v tr nh thin, nitnh nht tm, khng tm khng t, vi h v lc do nh sanh

[104] nh sanh h lc: Ci vui mng s thin lm tm chao ng, cnphi dt tr. Mc d s thin cng c nh tng ng nhng ch c nh


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[112] Hu i tng: i c ngha l ngi. C chng ngi th gi l hui. Tng c tnh ngn ngi y l: 1. Cnh gii hu i: 6 cn, 6 thcv cc tm s tng ng b 5 cnh v mt phn ca php cnh cu thc, doth cnh nn chng c t ti, 2. S duyn hu i: b 6 thc v mt phn

php cnh cu thc, do tc dng duyn l nn khng c t ti.

[113] H khng v sc nh x = Khng v bin x nh.

[114] V sc thc nh x = Thc v bin x nh.

[115] Khng c s hu: khng cn thy c tm thc, nng s, nhn ng,nhng vn cn tng. M cn tng th cn vng ng.

[116] V s hu v sc nh x = V s hu x nh.

[117] V sc phi hu tng phi v tng = Phi tng phi phi tng x nh.

[118] Tu thun php hnh = tu php hnh: Nng theo gip php m tuhnh. Ch cho hng thnh gi Thanh vn tha kin o, l hng li cn, i vi hng n cn l tu tn hnh (tin theo li dy bo ca ngi khc mtu hnh). Bc tu php hnh l ngi t mnh kho quyt trch t duy vgio php, nh l tu hnh.

[119] a m l ch tin nhng khi nim do nhn thc thc lon. Gio lch nh mt chic b, ct dng qua sng ch khng phi m m gily. (Trung b kinh). Gio php y ch cho s chng t tm linh caoc, nhng tng v quan nim thanh khit. S a m vo nhng iu caoqu ny cng phi c x b, hung chi nhng g l phi php th cng nnx b.

[120] Thng minh thin: Cc thnh gi A la hn khi tu tp nh theo th t t thin nh, t v sc nh, dit tn nh u phi qun 3 thin php lhi th, sc php v tm php. Sau phi tu tp thng minh qun thin,

ngha l khi tu thin nh ny th hn nhin qun thng hi th, sc php vtm php, trong c c ci thy thu trit khng chng ngi. Tu tpnh ny c kh nng chng c tam minh, lc thng, nn gi l thngminh. C th dch l: thnh tu tam minh, lc thng, cc tam mui, thin na

ba la mt.


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[121] Thng nghip: Sc thn thng ca nghip bo, cn gi l bo thng.C c thng nghip l do nhng phc thin v cng c tu hnh trongnhiu i trc. Cc thng nghip l ch cho ng thng.

[122] Tm hnh: Tm l tm thc m tng giy, tng nim lun lun dii, l k gy ra iu thin, iu c, gi l tm hnh.

[123] Php tnh = khng tnh

[124] c tm = vng tm. Thin nh l cch thc chuyn vng v chn.

[125] Phin no chng v tr tu chng: Phin no chng l nhng tml xu c, lm chng ngi cho gii thot nit bn. Tr tu chng cng gil tr chng, s tri chng. S tri l cc php, i vi cc php y m

khng bit c hay bit sai l v ngu si, nn gi ngu si l s tri chng. Libit cha hon ton m t mn cho l , th chnh s t mn y cngchng ngi cho s ton gic, nn cng gi l tr chng. Tr y l l tr

bit cha hon ton. Tr tu chng nh vy l chng ngi cho tu gic b.

[126] Tt b nh tr = nht thit tr: tu gic bit ton th, bit v bn th.

[127] Thin dc: Dc tm s c 3 tnh: thin, c v v k. Dc hamthch mong cu ng dc l c tnh. Dc ham thch mong cu b v lmng lc cho mi iu thin l thin tnh.

[128] T phn hnh = t v lng tm: t, bi, h v x. Bn tm ny lnghip hnh sanh v ci Phn thin.

[129] Chnh tr: 1. L cn bn tr, thng t chn nh, 2. L hu c tr,phn bit tt c tng sai bit.

[130] Qun bt tnh: L qun st mt cch t m, cng tt thn con ngi,

nhn thy r rng n l khng trong sch. Bt tnh c 5 th: chng t, trx, t tng, t th v chung cnh.

[131] Mi su thnh tm: 16 hnh tng qun st t vo a v kino, sau khi on c kin hoc. l s kt hp ca 8 php nhn v luv 8 php tr v lu: 1. Kh php nhn, 2. Kh php tr, 3. Kh loi nhn,4. Kh loi tr, 5. Tp php nhn, 6. Tp php tr, 7. Tp loi nhn, 8. Tp


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[141] V s hnh: Nhm vn tu hnh, khng phi tc v dng cng, vphp tnh khng th th c.

[142] Phong hn nhit huyt: Tp hp ca t i t nc la gi.

[143] Nht tng: Ch cho chn nh bnh ng v sai bit, ngha l siu vitphn bit v i tng phn bit. Thin thai tng gii thch l nht tha vnh, ng nht gii thot. Kinh Php hoa, phm Dc tho d c ghi: c

Nh lai ni php mt tng mt v, ngha l: tng gii thot, tng xa la,tng dit, rt ro n nht thit chng tr (Nh lai thuyt php, nht tngnht v, s v gii thot tng, ly tng, dit tng, cu cnh ch nht thitchng tr).

[144] V tng: Kinh i bo tch ghi: Bn tnh tt c cc php vn

khng. T tnh tt c cc php l v tnh. Nu l khng, v tnh, th ccphp l nht tng, cng c ngha l v tng. Do v v tng nn cc phpvn thanh tnh. Nu l khng, v tnh, th cc php khng th dng tng biu th. y gi l tt c cc php v t tnh, bn tnh l khng, vhnh tng c th th c, nn gi l v tng.

[145] Ch cho cc thc th 8, th 7 v th 6.

[146] Tc gi: ch th to tc.

[147] Mng gi = th gi: ch th s dng.

[148] V tnh = v t tnh: Tc ni 3 v tnh: tng v tnh, sanh v tnhv thng ngha v tnh. Tng v tnh l bin k chp tnh ca cc php,tnh y do gi danh thit lp. Sanh v tnh l y tha khi tnh ca cc php,v do ci khc lm duyn t ch khng phi t nhin c. Thng ngha vtnh l vin thnh tht tnh, v cc php duyn sanh, v cc php v ng mgi l v tnh. Cn c 3 v tnh ny m c Pht mt ni cc php tonkhng.

[149] Khng: L khng phi hai tng v tiu dit. Khng nh vy l phnhn ci khng hon ton khng, ci khng bit lp vi ci c v ci khngv ci c tiu dit. Theo ngha thng thng, khng c hiu l ng khngv php khng, ngha l c bn ng ln v tr u khng.


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[150] V s hu = v s c: H c hai tng l hu s c, khng haitng l v s c. V s c hay bt kh c l t ng biu l mt thc titon din siu tuyt mi hai tng, siu tuyt c nim khng nh v nim ph nh, v thc ti vn l nh th.

[151] V tng: L trong php tnh, qun cc php khng th th c.

[152] Ly tng: L ri xa cc tng vn l cc tng h lun, nhng khinim nh bin.

[153] V nim = chn nh: Siu vit khi nim, phn bit, l ngn ng oon, tm hnh x dit.

[154] Ly nim: L ri xa cc tng, khi nim v ng, nhn, chng sanh,

th gi.

[155] Ban u ly 1 lp khng, khng ni cc tng, nn gi rng v tng.K ly 2 lp khng, khng ni v tng, nn gi rng v nim. Sau cng,ly 3 lp khng, khng ni v nim, nn gi rng ci khng siu tuyt haytuyt i khng, tt cnh khng.

[156] Mi hai b kinh: Th vn v s l trong tt c cc kinh chia ra 12loi (b = b phn, hay chi = thnh phn), m c b hay cun kinh c 12loi, c b hay cun ch l 1 loi cho n 11 loi. l: 1. Tu a la (Sutra =kh kinh, v kh hp chn l v tm l) l th vn trng hng trong cckinh, ni thng php ngha, 2. K d (Geya = ng tng hay trng tng) lth vn chnh c ng vi vn trng hng m lp li php ngha trc, 3.Gi (Gatha = phng tng hay c khi) l th vn chnh c khng theotrng hng m t ni php ngha, 4. Ni na (Nidana = nhn duyn) lthut li l do thy Pht nghe php, l do v a im Pht thuyt php gioho, 5. Y mc a (Itivutaka = bn s) l Pht thut li nhn duyn qukh ca t, 6. X a gi (Jataka = bn sanh) l Pht ni v nhn duyn

qu kh ca ngi, 7. A ph t ma (Adbhutadharma = v tng hu) l ghi linhng vic bt t ngh ca thn lc Pht th hin, 8. A ba na (Avadana =th d) l ni nhng v d, 9. u b x (Upadesa = lun ngha) l vn ptho lun v php ngha, 10. u na (Udana = t thuyt) l Pht t nich khng ai hi c, 11. T pht lc (Vaipulya = phng qung) ni vchn l chnh xc v rng ln, 12. Ho gi la (Vyakarana = th k) th k


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[162] T ma: 1. Phin no ma: tham, sn, si ... no hi thn tm, 2. Ng mma: Sc, th, tng, hnh, thc l ma no hi thn tm, 3. T ma: Ma chthay cp mng sng, 4. Thin ma: Ma trn ci tri Tha ho t ti hay phhoi thin php, no hi ngi tu thin.

[163] Kinh Hoa Nghim: Qun mt tm b m tu hnh cc thin php,th gi l hnh ng theo ma vng.

---o0o---Ht

phat bo de tam luan - the than bo tat - quang minh dich

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