Phonetics: The Sounds of Language

CONSONANT SOUNDS

Three ways of approaching phonetics: Articulatory Phonetics:Articulatory Phonetics:

Physiological mechanism of speech production.Physiological mechanism of speech production. Acoustic Phonetics: Acoustic Phonetics:

The physical properties of sound waves.The physical properties of sound waves. Auditory Phonetics: Auditory Phonetics:

Perception of the sounds by the brain.Perception of the sounds by the brain.

Phonetic TranscriptionPhonetic Transcription

The best-known system: The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

IPA has been developing since 1888. The system represents each sound of

human speech with a single symbol. The symbol is enclosed in brackets [ ].

Places of Articulation

Places of ArticulationPlaces of Articulation

Bilabial [p], [b], [m]

Labiodental

Interdental

Alveolar [t], [d], [s], [z], [], [r], [n]

[], []

[f], [v]

Places of ArticulationPlaces of Articulation

Palatal [], [], [t], [d], []

Velar

Glottal [h]

[k], [g], [], [w]

So, how many consonant sounds are there in English Language?24

P. 65, Question #5, a-g

a. Alveolar : Alveolar

b. Velar : Velar

c. Bilabial : Velar

d. Alveolar : Alveolar

e. Bilabial : Alveolar

f. Palatal : Palatal

g. Labiodental : Glottal

a. [s] : []b. [k] : []c. [p] : [g]

d. [] : [r]e. [m] : [n]

f. [d] : []g. [ f ] : [h]

Manner of ArticulationManner of Articulation

Plosive (Stop): Complete and momentary closure of airflow through the vocal tract. [p], [t], [k], [b], [d], [g]

Nasal: The airflow passes through the nasal passages. [n], [m], []

Fricative: Continuous airflow through the mouth. [f], [], [s], [], [h], [v], [], [z], []

Manner of ArticulationManner of Articulation

Affricate: The stop articulation is released and the tongue moves rapidly away. [t], [d]

Liquid: Air escapes through the mouth along the lowered sides of the tongue. [], [r]

Glide: semi-consonants. [ j ], [w]

P. 65, Question #6, P. 65, Question #6, a-ga-g

a. Fricative : Fricative

b. Stop : Stop

c. Glide : Glide

d. Fricative : Fricative

e. Liquid : Stop

f. Fricative : Fricative

g. Affricate : Fricative

a. [s] : []b. [k] : [g]

c. [w] : [ j ]

d. [ f ] : []e. [] : [t]f. [] : [v]

g. [t] : []