OCEAN HEALTH OZEANOAREN OSASUNA

LA SALUD DEL OCEANO

Manu Soto Plentzia Marine Station

PiE- UPV/EHU

Human Impact on Oceans’ health

The health of the world’s oceans and

marine life is degrading rapidly as a result of excess human

activities

Over exploitation of resources Fishing activities Pollution (Persistent, Spills,…)

Population increase

Over-exploitation of resources

Fuel extraction & accidental oil spills & other accidents

Plastics

Persistant, chronic & long-term pollution

Synthetic Hormones

Bisphenol A

Phtalates

Reproductive problems & cancer

Pharmaceuticals

& cosmetics

DDT Biomagnification

DDTconcentrations in living organisms tissues rise along the trophic chain

Methylmercury Bioaccumulation

Tissue concentrations rise with age

Biological effects: Human Health

Minamata / Hg

Itai-itai / Cd

Hake Merluccius merluccius (demersal)

Thicklip grey mullet Chelon labrosus

Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (pelagic)

Turbot Scophthalmus maximus

Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Cod fish Gadus morhua

Slug Arion ater

Earthworm Eisenia fetida

SENTINEL SPECIES

SHORT-TERM RESPONSE

LOW ECOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

HIGH ECOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

LONG-TERM RESPONSE

Biochemical parameters

Detoxification enzymes

Physiological parameters

Immunological parameters

Histopathological parameters

Condition bioenergetics

Population & community

Reproductive competence

BIOMARKER (early-warning signals)

Measurements at single level of biological complexity that indicate the presence of pollutants (exposure biomarkers) or the

magnitude of organism responses (effects biomarkers) (MacCarthy and Shugart, 1990)

Short-term indicators of long-term biological effects

Hermaphrodite mussel gonad

Hermaphroditism (Urdaibai)

Organometallic compounds (TBT) Antifouling agent Forbidden 2003 (Regulation 782/2003 EC ) Imposex

1979: Oysters Arcachon (France)

Cantabria

APRIL 04/05/06

JULY 03/04/05

SEPTEMBER 03

OCTOBER 04/05

1 SÃO BARTOLOMEU 2 ONS 3 CIES 4 OIA 5 AGUIÑO 6 CALDEBARCOS 7 CAMELLE 8 SEGAÑO 9 ESTACA

10 LLANES 11 SAN VICENTE 12 SUANCES 13 PEDREÑA 14 LAREDO 15 MUSKIZ 16 ARRIGUNAGA 17 GORLIZ 18 BAKIO 19 MUNDAKA 20 MUTRIKU 21 ORIO 22 HONDARRIBIA

Mussel Watch: effects of POS

SCREENING

July 2003 Sep 2003 April 2004

July 2004 Oct 2004 April 2005

July 2005 Oct 2005 April 2006

Lysosomal Destabilisation

Lysosomal Enlargement

Lysosomal Size Reduction

3

2

1

00.5

-1

-2

-3

1 1.5 32.52LP Component (B)

15-Muskiz 16-Arrigunaga 17-Gorliz 18-Bakio 19-Mundaka 20-Mutriku 21-Orio 22-Hondarribia

July-03

Oct-04 April-05 July-05 Oct-05 April-06

July-04 April-04 Sept-03

Lysosomal Response Index

(LRI)

Biscay Bay

Lysosomal Destabilisation

Lysosomal Enlargement

Lysosomal Size Reduction

3

2

1

00.5

-1

-2

-3

1 1.5 32.52LP Component (B)

10-Llanes 11-San Vicente 12-Suances 13-Pedreña 14-Laredo

July-03

Oct-04 April-05 July-05 Oct-05 April-06

July-04 April-04 Sept-03

Unstressed (LRI<0.5)

Distress signal (0.5 <LRI<1)

Moderately stressed (1<LRI<√2) Highly stressed (LRI >√2)

Mussel Watch: effects of POS

No problematic zone

Zone with potential environmental problem

Zone with environmental risk

Deteriorated environmental zone

10. LLANES 11. SAN VICENTE 12. SUANCES 13. PEDREÑA 14. LAREDO 15. MUSKIZ 16. ARRIGUNAGA 17. GORLIZ 18. BAKIO 19. MUNDAKA 20. MUTRIKU 21. ORIO 22. HONDARRIBIA

EHCC Biscay Bay

10 12 13 14 15

16

17

18

19

April-03

July-03

Sep-03

April-04

July-04

Oct-04

April-05

July-05

Oct-05

April-06

11 20 21 22

AOXexp AOXeff

LP VvL

VvBAS MLR MET

CIIR CIPI

After RBU-Rep (1994)

Ecosystem health indices Ecological Health Condition Chart (EHCC)

Omics: genomics, transcriptomics….”

Mugil: 8300 genes!!

Aquatic Organisms

PLENTZIAKO ITSAS-ESTAZIOA (PIE) ITSAS-BIOLOGIA ETA -BIOTEKNOLOGIARAKO ESTAZIO ESPERIMENTALA ESTACION EXPERIMENTAL DE BIOLOGIA Y BIOTECNOLOGIA MARINAS EXPERIMENTAL STATION FOR MARINE BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

BiO MARKERS ASSAYS TOXINS DRUGS SENSORS REMEDIATION

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR ECOSYSTEM HEALTH

ORGANISATION Three functional units: Environment &

Resources Education Unit

Ocean & Health

Research Unit

Exp. services Unit

ENVIRONMENT & RESOURCES

EDUCATION UNIT

MASTERS COURSES

DOCTORALPROGRAMMES

LIFE LONGLEARNING

DISSEMINATION & AWARENESS

OCEAN & HEALTH RESEARCH UNIT

DIAGNOseas

DISEAseas

PROGNOseas

PROPHEseas

DELICATEseaN

BIOMEDIseaN

MBB EXPERIMENTAL SERVICES UNIT

EXPERIMENTAL AQUARIUM

MBB RESEARCH LABS

BBEBB

PL3 BIOSAFETY AQUARIUM

GLOBALOBSERVATORY

ENVIRONMENT & RESOURCES EDUCATION UNIT • LLL courses • International Postgraduate Courses • Postgraduate & doctorate formation (national and international)

OUTREACH

•Scientific meetings •PIE MBB Seminars •Topical workshops • Open Lab Programme •Cinema-Club Programme •HSGS Conferences •Summer Marine Science Camp •Slow Science Programme

www.merconsortium.eu

MASTERS OF SCIENCE Eur MSc in Marine Environment & Resources - MER Consortium Environmental Contamination & Toxicology (MDC) DOCTORAL PROGRAMMES Marine Environment & Resources (MHE) Environmental Contamination & Toxicology (MHE)

MARINE ECOSYSTEM HEALTH

how human activities can influence ecosystem health how alterations in ecosystem health embrace a risk for human health/wealth

DIAGNOseas: understand marine ecosystem health and disease, develop methodologies and technologies for marine ecosystem health assessment,

apply these bio-tools in biological effects monitoring programmes

ECODIseas: characterise and understand the effects of environmental alterations (stress, chemicals, bio-toxins, pathogens) on the health

of marine wildlife and resources (fisheries, aquaculture)

PROPHEseas: understand how global syndromes (global warming, ocean acidification, invasive species) impinge on ecosystem health and its assessment

(integrate scales at different levels of biological complexity, transgress time scales, foresee tools of the future such as most advanced analytical and molecular technologies, and develop an environmental bio-specimen bank)

OCEAN & HEALTH RESEARCH UNIT It is aimed at acquiring knowledge and at developing tools (biotechnology) for marine ecosystem health assessment (biomarkers, bioassays, biosensors, and biodiversity) and seafood quality and safety assurance, and at exploring marine resources of interest in biomedicine (biotoxins, biodrugs, alternative bioassay models)

ENVIRON HUMAN HEALTH

DELICATESseaN (Seafood Safety and Quality Research Programme): fish and shellfish wellbeing, pathogens, bio-toxins and chemical pollutants in

seafood, and environmental factors affecting seafood quality

BIOMEDIseaN (Marine Resources for Biomedicine Research Programme): biodiversity exploration, marine chemical ecology, genes of pharmaceutical

interest, characterisation and risk assessment of biologically active natural compounds (bio-toxins, biodrugs) of biomedical interest, alternative animal models in biomedical research & environmental risk assessment

COMMON TO RF MEH & RF EHH

• PROGNOseas (Environmental Risk Assessment Research Programme): develop and apply assays for environmental regulatory policies (i.e., methodologies/technologies for integral ecotoxicological assessment of the

environmental risk of chemical compounds/spills)

OCEAN & HEALTH RESEARCH UNIT It is aimed at acquiring knowledge and at developing tools (biotechnology) for marine ecosystem health assessment (biomarkers, bioassays, biosensors, and biodiversity) and seafood quality and safety assurance, and at exploring marine resources of interest in biomedicine (biotoxins, biodrugs, alternative bioassay models)

MBB EXPERIMENTAL SERVICES UNIT •Field Services •MBB Seawater Experimentation •MBB Research & Analysis •Environmental Bioespecimen Banking •Environmental Bioanalytical Chemistry •Global Environment Observatory

SPECIAL FACILITIES PL3 Biosafety Aquarium (aquatic pathology) Experimental seawater mesocosmos Modern laboratories: Cell & Mol Biology, Histology, Microbiology, Quant Microscopy, and Analytical Chemistry Multiuse laboratories (occasional users)

Eskerrik asko!!! Thanks!!!

Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Res Grp www.ehu.es/GrupoBCTA Cell Biology and Histology Lab - Plentzia Marine Station Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Dept University of the Basque Country