positive train control in the united states itc presentation positive train control... · positive...

Positive Train Control (PTC) in the United States

ITC Signaling SeminarBy Robert Burkhardt

1

142,636mi of track as of 2014 (228,217 km)

62,000 mi of dark territory (99,200 km)

70,000approximate mi subject to PTC (112,600 km)

$13B USD PTC Cost for Class 1 railroads

United States Rail Network

2

Chatsworth – The Impetusfor PTC

• On Sept. 12th, 2008, a commuter train collided head-on with a freight train in Los Angeles, CA– LA Metrolink EMD F59PH

locomotive with three coach cars, 222 passengers

– U.P. freight with two SD70ACe locomotives and 17 cars

• 25 deaths including the Metrolink engineer. 135 injuries, 46 critical.

Fire crews crawl on a derailed Metrolinkcar as they try to rescue accident victims.

3

Rail Safety Improvement Act (RSIA)

• Public outcry for rail safety in the country in wake of accident.

• RSIA 2008 was passed within a month Chatsworth.

• In 2012, FRA determined most railroads would not meet the deadline

[PTC] was a knee-jerk reaction to a tragedy.– David B. Clarke, Director of

the University of Tennessee’s Center for Transportation Research

4

Rail Safety Improvement Act (RSIA)Requirements:

1. Reduces shift lengths and increases time off for rail employees to avoid fatigue.

2. Regulations on use of personal electronics by rail employees.

3. Improvements to grade crossing safety.

4. Implementation of nationwide PTC by December 31, 2015.

5

CFR 49, 236 Part I –Requirements

• Systems must prevent:– Train-to-train collisions– Overspeed derailments– Unplanned incursions

into work zones– Use of a misaligned

switch

• Systems must achieve FRA type approval

• Systems must provide warning for: – Derails– Mandatory directives– After-arrival mandatory

directives– Movable bridges out of

alignment– Hazard detection

6

CFR 49, 236 Part I –Installation

• Systems must be installed by: – Class 1 Railroads

• Defined as Tracks with traffic density of 5M tons per year and/or who transport poisonous inhalants

– Railroads providing intercity passenger service

Capital MetroRail of Austin, TX passes over a Union Pacific Class 1 track

7

RSIA PTC Extension• Government

Accountability Office saw most railroads failing to meet PTC deadline (only five companies could meet it provided they did not test their systems first)

• FRA lacked sufficient resources to provide oversight

• FCC required reviews of radio wayside towers, delaying project by a year

• In late 2015, Congress approved extensions to the PTC deadline– Deadline extended to

December 31, 2018 for all railroads

– Deadline extended to 2020 on a case-by-case basis

8

Path to PTC Certification asDescribed in CFR 49,

236 Part I• Step 1: PTC Implementation Plan.

– Describes Rail Service– Concept of Operations– Track Miles Subject to PTC– Proposed PTC System– Schedule for Deployment– Agreements with Tenant Railroads

• Step 2: Election to Use a Type Approved System

– I-ETMS– ACSES– ITCS– E-ATC

• or: PTC Development Plan– Description of PTC System– Concept of Operations– Man/Machine Interface– Analysis of System’s Applicability to Parts A

thru G of CFR 236– Hazard ID and Mitigation– MTTHE Analysis

• Step 3: PTC Safety Plan– PTCPVL– Documentation of Variances to Type

Approval or PTCDP– Documentation that the System Complies

with the Type Approval or PTCDP and achieves the required level of safety

– Hazard Log– Risk Assessment of Deployed System– Description of Training Program for all

Crafts Affected by the PTC System– Description of Test Procedures and Test

Equipment Required for System– Description of Configuration Management

for System

• Step 4: System Testing

• Step 5: System Certification of System by the FRA

9

Four Elements of PTC• Back Office• Onboard• Wayside• Communications

10

• Back Office– Computer-aided dispatching system,

and PTC server• Receives and analyzes data from the field• Authorizes movement based on received

information

Four Elements of PTC

• Onboard– Computer located on the locomotive

• Powers Display for Train Driver• Receives information from Wayside, and in some

systems, from Back Office• Provides supervisory control in the case of an

inattentive or incapacitated Train Driver


• Wayside– Signaling equipment on or around

the track• Sends status information to the Back Office• Sends status information directly to Onboard• Receives information and enacts blocks and speed

restrictions accordingly


• Communication Network– Bidirectional network consisting of

Ethernet, Wi-fi, 220 MHZ Radio and 3G/4G Cellular

• Connects the Back Office to the rest of the network

• Wayside may interact on any of the interface types• Onboard may use Radio or Cellular


Interoperable Train ControlCommitteeInteroperable Train

Control Committee (ITCC)

Original Members: BNSF, U.P. , CSX, and Norfolk Southern

BEFORE PTC: Committee was created to streamline PTC development between shared tracks

AFTER PTC: Created standards for majority of PTC systems, I-ETMS became most-used system

15

ITCC Actions to Meet the PTC Mandate

• Formation of Meteorcomm to Provide PTC Data Radios

• Formation of PTC-220, LLC to control the 220 MGHz spectrum and to assure ITCC access to the spectrum

• Development of standards for interoperability

16

Roadblocks to Meeting the PTC Mandate

• Development of PTC Radio Software– Joint effort by Meteorcomm and Redhat– Release of Radios delayed until late 2014

• FCC Requirement for Review and Licensing of Towers– Review delayed by lack of resources within the FCC

• Native American Approval of Tower Siting– 6 month impact to deployment of systems

• Lack of Both Physical and Human Resources

17

Type Approved PTC Systems

I-ETMS E-ATC ITCS ACSESType Approved – PTC

Interoperable w/Freight - - -Vital (Fail-Safe) -

Location System GPS w/WAAS Not needed GPS w/ differential Transponder

Signal & Switch Information

Wayside from all manufacturers

Wayside from all manufacturers

Wayside from AlstomVirtual Signal Capable

MicroWIU, iVIU, MicroLok

Comm System 220MHz PTC Radio Through-rail 220MHz PTC Radio 220MHz PTC Radio

Back Office Server - -

Dispatch Functions Terminal for TSRs TSRs in Dispatch

Crossing Interface 2018+ -

ProvidersWabtec, Siemens

(Onboard)All (wayside)

Alstom (E-ATC)All (ATC) Alstom Alstom, Siemens,

Hitachi

18

• Transits defaulting to I-ETMS due to interoperability requirements/being forced by Class 1s

• Adopted by all Class 1s, including Canadian Railroads operating in the US for interoperability

• Wayside is nearly complete (as of early 2016) for Class 1s, onboard software continues to be refined

• Back Office is unreliable and behind schedule at nearly all projects

• Non-Vital Implementation…concerns from FRA on Vitality/Safety Case – Limits ability to control crossings, operate above 90 MPH, move to Virtual Signaling

Interoperable - Electronic Train Management System

(I-ETMS)

Signal & Switch Onboard AssessmentBack Office

3rd party vital devices provide signal & switch information

Ansaldo, Alstom, Siemens wayside products all have I-ETMS built-in

Communications

220 MHz PTC Radios Spectrum & Radios

owned by 4 US Class 1s - MeteorComm

Wayside Device allows for comm over WiFi, satellite, cellular

Developed by Wabtec or ARINC

Controlled by Wabtec Bundled replacement

of dispatch office is a normal deployment

Moving Map/Graphical Mandatory Directives Dynamic Braking

Curves Non-vital (as of 2016) Non-high speed Implementing

Crossing Activation

Pro: Industry Standard Pro: Feature-rich Pro: Display, Braking Con: Sole Source Con: Unreliable/ not

finished

19

I-ETMS – Transit Systems

• ETMS Projects Typically Primed by Parsons or Herzog…act as System Integrator

• Wabtec is subcontractor to prime for Onboard, Back Office and System Engineering

• Wayside provided by Alstom, Ansaldo or Siemens

Denver

North County

METRA

SunrailDART

TRE & TexRail

Sound Transit

MetroLink

NorthernIndiana

MARC

Denver RTD

Wabtec2015

Parsons2015

METRA

Parsons2015

NICTD

Herzog2011

North County

TRETexrailProject

DART

Parsons2010

MetroLink

2016 Project???

Sound Transit

2016 Project

Sunrail

Wabtec2014

MARC

20

I-ETMS System Architecture

CAD System GPSSatellites

Onboard Systems

Physical Signals

Movement Authority, Temporary Speed Restrictions & Other Directives

Switch, Signal and Crossing W

PTC Server

220MHz, WiFi, Cellular

21

I-ETMS – Freight & SL Systems

Union Pacific

BNSF

Canadian National

CSX

Norfolk Southern

Canadian PacificAlaska

Union Pacific

Wabtec2008-current

Wabtec2008-current

Canadian National

Wabtec2008-current

NICTD

Wabtec2008-currentUsing ETMS

BNSF

Wabtec2008-current

Norfolk Southern

Wabtec2014

Alaska

Wabtec2008-current

Canadian Pacific

• 70% of wayside is complete

• 50% of onboard is complete

• Communication, system integration, back office still remain to complete

22

• ATC is traditional Cab Signaling

• E-ATC is Enhanced-ATC…adds temporary & permanent speed restriction enforcement – PTC Compliant

• Simplest and cheapest route for non-interoperable systems, especially those with ATC already installed

• ATC is offered by Ansaldo, Siemens and Alstom…only Alstom has E-ATC Type Approved for PTC compliance

• Advancements in cab signaling technology now allows 20+ speed codes

Enhanced - Automatic Train Control System (ATC)


Signal and switch information conveyed by cab signaling through the rail

Ansaldo, Alstom, Siemens wayside products all have ATC capability

Communications

Through-rail with Cab Signal Generators

No wireless needed to communicate to train

Comm is needed to all wayside signal locations (fiber or wireless)

Speed Restriction control can be integrated into dispatch or standalone terminal

Signal Aspects Speed Limit No map Ultra-Cab II based Simple installation but

limited information

Pro: Simple and inexpensive

Pro: No dispatch change required

Con: Not interoperable Con: Can limit fluidity

w/ speed restrictions

23

E-ATC System ArchitectureDispatch Center

WAN

Switch, Signal and Crossing WIUs

Onboard Subsystem

Redundant, Self Healing Fiber WLAN (or Radio-based WLAN)

Cab Signal Speed Codes Injected into Rail at Block Boundaries

Temporary Speed Restrictions and other Mandatory Directives delivered to Servers


24

Salt Lake City

Capital Metro

Charlotte

TriRail

DCTA

Tri-Met

eBART

E-ATC - Systems

All Aboard Florida (XE-ATC)

SMART

SMART

MRS2014

TBD2016

Capital Metro

MRS2015

Charlotte

MRS2015

Salt Lake City

Alstom2015

DCTA

MRS2014

eBART

MRS2014

TriMet

Alstom2015

AAF

2016 Project

TriRail

• Project values vary greatly due to scope and size

• Alstom is currently only Type-Approved E-ATC system although other Vendors are developing systems

25


ElectroLogIXS and ElectroBlox

Ansaldo, Alstom, Siemens wayside products all have ATC capability

Communications

Can use variety of radios

Uses 220MHz TD or PTC radio in US

450MHz, etcinternationally

Speed Restriction control can be integrated into dispatch or standalone terminal

Speed Limit Braking enforcement Vital Ultra-Cab II based Location, Distance to

Target, Target Speed

Pro: Reliable Pro: Solution for

90+MPH w/Xings Con: Not interoperable Con: Sole Source

• ITCS is a wireless PTC system which includes wireless crossing activation

• Type Approved as a PTC solution

• High Speed Operation since 2001…only system capable of 90+ MPH where crossings are present

• Virtual Signaling (ETCS Level 4) implemented in China, Australia, Colombia

Incremental Train Control System (ITCS)

26

ITCS System ArchitectureDispatch Center

WAN

TWC - TSOs, Wayside Status Messages, & GPS Corrections to Trains; Block Occupancy Messages from Trains

GPS

Satellites

ITCS Server Location with Base Station Radio

ITCS ServerLocation


Communications Key

WLAN - CTC Controls & Indications Between Office & WIUs; Wayside Statuses Between Servers & WIUs

GPS

Onboard Subsystem


TWCVirtual or Physical Signals


Location & Time Sync


GE TSO Computer or Dispatch SW:

TD220, MCC220, WiFi, Cellular, GSM-R

27

ITCS System

UP/IDOTX-ITCS

Amtrak Michigan

Line

CalTrainI-ITCS

International

Amtrak Michigan

Alstom1995-2015

China, Australia, Colombia, Venezuela2004-current

International

Alstom2014

CalTrain

Alstom2010-2015

UP / IDOT

• Only system for High Speed Commuter

• Not interoperable with I-ETMS territories

• Freight railroads actively lobbying against ITCS-territory

28


Signal and switch information conveyed by cab signaling through the rail and route & signal data through the radios

Wayside available from Alstom, Siemens and Ansaldo

Communications

Through-rail with Cab Signal Generators

Wireless through 220MHz radios

Position & Speed information through passive transponders

Vital Safety Server feeds Temporary Speed Restrictions to Trains

Built by Alstom, Siemens, HItachi

Available from Siemens, Hitachi, Alstom

Speed Limit No map Vital system Includes cab signal,

radio, transponder

Pro: Standard solution in Northeast

Pro: Multiple Suppliers Con: High

Infrastructure Con: Limited

Interoperability

• ACSES is traditional cab signaling augmented by transponders & temporary speed restrictions

• ACSES contains signal, switch, temporary & permanent speed restriction enforcement – PTC Compliant

• Required for interoperability in and around the Northeast Corridor

• Developed in mid-90’s by Alstom, copied by Hitachi, Siemens & Bombardier

Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System (ACSES)

29

ACSES System ArchitectureDispatch Center

WAN

Server Location with Base Station Radio


Onboard Subsystem


TWC

Wayside Transponders Connected to WIUs



TD220, MCC220, WiFi, Cellular, GSM-R

30

ACSES System

Long IslandMetroNorth

Amtrak

NewJerseyTransit

SEPTA

Long Island

Siemens/Bombardier2015

Alstom2000-2015

Amtrak

Siemens/Bombardier2015

Metro North

Hitachi2015

SEPTA

Parsons2011

NJT

31

Benefits of PTC

• Safety– Reduction of collisions, overspeed derailments, and

travel over mis-aligned switches– Enforcement of mandatory directives at level crossings– Future activation of level crossings via PTC beaconing

• Rationalization of Infrastructure– Replacement of wayside equipment at the end of its useful life– Deployment of technology that will allow future retirement of

wayside signals– Future evolution to moving block technology

• Improved Communications Networks– Interoperable protocols allowing sharing of information

between rail authorities• Remote Monitoring and Diagnostics

– Increased bandwidth allowing for monitoring and diagnostic functions

32

Thanks to:

I’d like to acknowledge the efforts of the following for their help in providing information, slides, and editing for this presentation:

• Joseph Noffsinger, Alstom, FIRSE• Jeff Baker, Alstom, MIRSE• Claire Burkhardt, ISIS, AIRSE

33

positive train control in the united states itc presentation positive train control... · positive...

Documents