posters€¦ · (t2dm) with obesity and hyperlipidemia lisha he, linhua zhao, han wang and xiaolin...

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August 29-30, 2016 Atlanta, USA

International Conference on

Childhood Obesity & Child Development

conferenceseries.com638th Conference

Posters

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Childhood Obesity 2016August 29-30, 2016

Volume 6 Issue 6(Suppl)J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2016

ISSN: 2165-7904 JOWT, an open access journal





Factors related to eating behavior are positively related to obesity in Korean childrenEun Young Lee, Jeong Ah Oh, Borami Kang, Yeoree Yang, Hae Kyung Yang, Hun-Sung Kim, Sun-Young Lim, Jin-Hee Lee, Byung-Kyu Suh and Kun-Ho YoonThe Catholic University of Korea, South Korea

In this study, we investigated which factors related to eating behavior are associated with obesity among Korean children. We recruited a total of 393 children aged 10-14 years from a community-based sample. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2)

was used to define overweight (≥85 percentile) and obese (≥95 percentile or 25 kg/m2). Factors related to eating behavior were assessed using the food craving questionnaire-trait (FCQ-T), state, Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ) and three factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ). Obese children showed greater waist circumference, body fat percentage and higher blood pressure compare to non-obese children. In terms of factors related to eating behavior, obese children showed higher score in preoccupation with food, lack of control, intense desire to eat, dietary and cognitive restraint and disinhibition. These traits were more significant in boys than girls. Most factors related to eating behavior were significantly correlated with BMI, except positive and negative reinforcement, feelings of hunger and emotional eating. In regression analysis, only three factors related to eating behavior were significantly associated with obesity (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.364 [1.027-1.810] for FCQ-T preoccupation with food, 1.136 [1.052-1.226] for DEBQ dietary restraint and 1.435 [1.005-2.050] for TFEQ disinhibition). In conclusion, several factors related to eating behavior such as preoccupation with food, dietary restraint and disinhibition were significantly associated with obesity in Korean children. Given that eating habits formed in childhood track to adulthood, further investigation to identify factors related to eating behavior and their relationship with obesity may be helpful to prevent and manage obesity. This research was supported by Social Problem Solving Research Program through the National Research Foundation for Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2013M3C8A2A02078508).

BiographyEun Young Lee has completed her PhD from Yonsei University College of Medicine. She is a Clinical Assistant Professor, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea. She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been researching in areas related diabetes, metabolism, obesity and aging.

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Eun Young Lee et al., J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2016, 6:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034

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lncRNA expression signatures in response to tiaozhi jiangtang formula in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with obesity and hyperlipidemiaLisha He, Linhua Zhao, Han Wang and Xiaolin TongGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China

Metabolic syndrome represents a group of complex metabolic diseases, which is characterized by obesity, combined with impaired glucose levels, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Traditional Chinese medicine has rich experience in solving

this series of problems through an overall adjustment via multi ways and targets, but the exact molecular mechanisms are unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a subgroup of non-coding RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides. Notably, the deregulation of lncRNAs has also been shown to result in aberrant gene expression that contributes to the progression of metabolic syndrome treatment. Previous studies conducted by our research team have confirmed the effectiveness of TCM prescription tiaozhi jiangtang on reducing body weight, blood sugar and blood lipids. In this study, patients with type 2 diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia were treated by traditional Chinese medicine tiaozhi jiangtang prescription of 24 weeks; we chose 6 effective cases and 6 invalid cases as control to analyze the molecular mechanism of TCM treatment. According to the research of LncRNA microarray, GO analysis, Pathway analysis and qPCR validation and it was found that the target LncRNAs LDHA, XLOC_011623, as well as their associated mRNAs LDHA, ATP6V0C contribute to the good outcome of tiaozhi jiangtang formula.

BiographyLisha He is currently pursuing her PhD from China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Doctoral studies from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. She has published more than 15 papers both in national and international reputed journals.

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Lisha He et al., J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2016, 6:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034

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Knowledge, attitude and practices of post natal mothers for early initiation of breast-feedingMansi Rajesh Naik, Manish Kumar, Margi Panchal, Masooma Kasid and Meera ParmarGovernment Medical College of Bhavnagar, India

In today’s 21st century, because of the increasing prevalence of stressful and hectic lifestyle, women have started paying less attention to their health and often ignore some serious health issues which result in deleterious outcome. Among them,

the group of women which suffer the most are the Post-natal women who along with themselves also risk the lives of their new-borns by such careless methods of nutrition. This eventually brings me to the prime objectives of my project which are to study the breast-feeding practices and its time of initiation among them, awareness of colostrum-feeding, pre-lacteal feeding and supplementary feeding practices among them. My project is basically a cross-sectional study among 50 post-natal women in the Obs and Gynec Department of Sir-T Hospital, Bhavnagar. The study is based on one to one interaction directly with the mothers as well as their relatives with the help of pre-tested and structured questionnaires after acquiring their verbal consent. My study begins with explaining the advantages, disadvantages, exact duration, contra-indications of breast-feeding as suggested by the American Pediatrics Association. Thereby, emphasizing the nutritional, anti-infective, anti-fertility, psycho-social and economic advantages of breast-feeding. The study includes the rural and urban patterns of breast-feeding practices in the developing and developed counties. Therefore, since the beneficial effects of breast-feeding is concerned with the need of proper Breast-feeding practices, the perks of my study were having a small counselling talk with each post-natal woman who was being a part of the study and sessions of “Breast-feeding Awareness” among small groups of them, regarding ‘Correct’ breast-feeding technique. Another noticable point of such counselling reflected signifance of breast-feeding on not only for infant’s overall health but also for mother’s own health. As promoted by the American Academy for Pediatrics and American Diabetic Association, my study project concludes that breast-feeding is the best source for infant nutrition and helps to prevent infant malnutrition as well as obesity.

BiographyMansi Rajesh Naik has completed her schooling from St. Francis of Asissi Convent High School, Navsari, India and 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of Med School (MBBS) from Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, India. She stood among the Top 500 students of the state among 2,00,000 students who appeared in the State Board and got admission in Medical School, India on the basis of Government Scholarship. She has participated in the IAPSM- World Health Day 2016 Quiz on “Beat Diabetes” organized by Community Medicine Department of GMC, Bhavnagar. She has participated in the poster competition "From farm to plate" held on World Health Day-2015 by the Community Medicine department, GMC, Bhavnagar; attended the Medical quizes & debates during the National Medical Organisation Conference held at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand – 2014 and; worked as an active member of the Anti-Tobacco campaign held in GMC, Bhavnagar during 2012-13. She has participated in the fund-raising campaign for the "Care of the cancer patients" in 2008 & 2007 empowered by Global Cancer Concern Society, Gujarat, India under the guidance of teachers of SFA Convent high School, Gujarat. She interacted with the HIV-AIDS suffering patients during her school time and recorded their experiences under the “HIV Awareness Programme” conducted by National Aids Control Organisation (NACO)-2007 and also served the Leprosy patients for 2 months along with a team of 6 fellow students during her school time.

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Mansi Rajesh Naik et al., J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2016, 6:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034

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Thinking on the advantage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating obese type 2 diabetes mellitusHan WangGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China

The rapidly increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a major public health issue. As one of the important parts in complementary and alternative therapies, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is promising in treating obese type

2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we summarize the advantage of TCM in treating diabetes that aim to improve the clinical efficacy of TCM. Our approach is as follows: New Theory: Pi-dan is a significant conception, which comes from Inner Canon of Huangdi. From the vivid description of Pi-dan in Inner Canon of Huangdi, we consider that the formation and process of Pi-dan is equivalent to metabolic syndrome. They all have the same etiological factor: Obesity. The core of the pathogenesis is fullness in the middle-jiao, and inner heat. The stagnation of middle-jiao makes the qi stagnation. They can result in diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, gout and a series of severity vascular complication. Methods: Emphasizing heat-clearing in the early and middle stage of T2DM and invigorating blood circulation throughout the whole process of obese T2DM are two innovative methods to treat T2DM. Formulae & Herbs: Choosing formulas and herbs based on the combination of TCM theory and Modern pharmacology.Dose: Reasonable drug dose plays an important role in the treatment of DM and a close relationship exists between dose and clinical efficacy. Fifty-four obese type 2 diabetic patients from low dosage group (20 cases), medium dosage group (19 cases) and high dosage group (15 cases) were treated with different dosage of Gegen Qin Lian decoction for 12 weeks. Fasting blood-glucose (FBG), postprandial blood sugar (PBG) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc) were determined before and after treatment. The result indicated that every dosage group could control the blood glucose in some extent. High dosage group showed best effect, and then followed by the medium dosage group and the low dosage group.

BiographyHan Wang has completed her Baccalaureate from Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and Master of Studies from Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She has published 5 papers in reputed journals.

[email protected]

Han Wang, J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2016, 6:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034

Childhood Obesity 2016






e-Posters

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents/1st year students of a private sector University in Karachi, PakistanAiesha Ishaque1, Faisal Shahzad2 and Yaseen Usman1

1Ziauddin University, Pakistan2Bolan Medical College, Pakistan

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a disorder of energy utilization and storage. According to the International Diabetes Federation, metabolic syndrome in adolescents more than 16 years is defined as the presence in an individual of central obesity plus any two of the following four risk factors: Hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, low high density lipoprotein (HDL) and high fasting glucose levels. It has been reported that around 25 per cent of the world’s adult population suffers from metabolic syndrome. People with metabolic syndrome are twice as likely to die from and thrice as likely to get a heart attack or stroke compared with people without the syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is well recognized in adults, and there is convincing evidence that it starts in childhood, with progressive clustering of the various components over time and tracking through adulthood. Therefore, it becomes extremely important to know the burden of metabolic syndrome in adolescents in order to implement preventive strategies. Objective: The study is designed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescent and level of knowledge and practices of adolescents regarding healthy lifestyle in 1st year students of a private sector university in Karachi.Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 325 healthy 1st year medical students, aged from 17-19 years, studying in a private sector university in Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected using consecutive sampling. It was a self-administered questionnaire which was designed to assess the demographic characteristics, knowledge and practices regarding diet and lifestyle of adolescent students. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured. Analysis of fasting blood samples for fasting blood sugar, HDL and triglycerides were done by using automated biochemistry analyzer. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20, Chi square and logistic regression analysis was applied and p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: A total of 325 adolescents were included in the study where gender was dominated by females (n=201, 61.8%). Mean age was 18.77±0.45 years. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 17.5% in our study sample of which 52.6% were females. 40.3% adolescents had adequate knowledge about healthy lifestyle but no significant association was found between knowledge status and presence of metabolic syndrome. Increased weight circumference and high fasting blood sugars were associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing in our adolescent population which demands screening from childhood and early adolescence. Early screening, identification and lifestyle interventions can decrease the morbidity from chronic illnesses like coronary artery disease and Diabetes mellitus.

BiographyAiesha Ishaque has completed her FCPS (Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons) in Family Medicine from Pakistan in the year 2012. Currently, she is working as an Assistant Professor at Ziauddin University, Pakistan. She is an Activity Director for the Department of Family Medicine. She has published more than 7 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a Faculty Member for undergraduate and postgraduate students.

[email protected]

Aiesha Ishaque et al., J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2016, 6:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034

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The validation of an instrument to assess parental feeding styles of children in Filipino languageCarmina Niña R SalacUniversity of Santo Tomas Hospital, Philippines

Overweight and obesity are emerging major problems among children today worldwide. Research on parent feeding styles and practices has begun to provide some clues about the role parents play in the etiology of childhood obesity. Only

recently attention has been directed towards the parental feeding styles. Experts have suggested that gestation to early infancy is a critical period in which physiologic changes occur that greatly influence a child's later risk for obesity. The objective of the study is to examine validity and reliability of an instrument translated to Filipino language for characterizing parental feeding practices. Subjects were the parents with toddlers from the University of Santo Tomas Hospital. A Focus Group Discussion was done. The Toddler Feeding Questionnaire was translated to Filipino language. A final questionnaire underwent pretesting and Cronbach’s alpha test. Data analysis was done using Strata SE version 13. Quantitative variables were summarized while qualitative variables were tabulated. Test-retest and Cronbach’s alpha tests were done. A total of eighteen (18) parents participated in the study. About 89% of the toddlers had normal weight according to the WHO growth standards (weight for length). All but two (2) items (Q18 and Q33) in the final questionnaire reached significant differences (p <0.05). The overall internal reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable (alpha = 0.82). This instrument was found to be valid with acceptable reliability and internal consistency.

BiographyCarmina Niña R Salac, MD, has completed her degree in Doctor of Medicine in the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines in 2011. She completed her residency in Pediatrics in University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila in 2015. She is currently a Pediatric Junior Consultant in various hospitals in the country.

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Carmina Niña R Salac, J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2016, 6:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034

Childhood Obesity 2016






Accepted Abstracts








The meaning of school body mass index (BMI) screening and referral to the parents/guardians of 1st, 3rd and 6th grade studentsMary Louise JordaSt. Lucie County Health Department, USA

Background: The research study sought to discover the meaning of school body mass index (BMI) screening and referral to parents. The goal of school BMI screening and referral is to provide information to compel parents to change their child’s diet and activity levels when overweight and obesity are identified. Measuring BMI in schools and alerting parents to findings above what is considered normal is one intervention to reduce overweight and obesity that has been utilized since 2001 in Florida.Aim: To determine the meaning of BMI screening and referral to parents a mixed methods approach was utilized.Methods: Voluntary interviews of 20 parents who had received BMI referrals for their children were conducted. Analysis of the interviews was guided by phenomenology, as delineated by van Manen (1990/1997). A cross sectional survey developed by Ruggieri (2012), was distributed to measure parent beliefs and opinions regarding the BMI screening and their reaction to referrals. Results: Findings from interviews indicated that parents ascribe different meaning to school BMI screening and referral. Overarching themes of changing and reflecting were discovered. The themes were manifested as dichotomies; some parents reflected on their role as parent and were more satisfied with the process; they reported change of diet and activity for their families upon receipt of a BMI referral. Others reflected on the role of the school in their child’s life. They were more dissatisfied with the school screening and recommended changes in the screening and referral process. Suggested changes for school screening and referrals included subthemes: sensitivity, accuracy, privacy, and notification. Conclusion: Parents responded in the survey that they would change diet and activity for their families if they were told by the school that their child had a weight issue. Actions taken upon receipt of a BMI referral were not limited to changing diet and activity levels but also included discussing weight with their child and others. Parents denied they would be offended by a BMI referral. School BMI screening and referral is a valuable and effective intervention to address child overweight and obesity, especially if the process is accomplished with characteristics that parents deem caring.

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Ethical aspects of childhood obesity assessment and managementGarry SigmanLoyola University Stritch School of Medicine , USA

The increased prevalence of childhood obesity and its associated medical complications mandates treatment, especially for those at greatest risk. The complexity of the etiology, and the inherent challenges of treatment engender a series of

ethical concerns that will be reviewed. These include: the agency and responsibilty for a child’s weight and weight change with treatment, aspects of obesity as a stigmatizing condition, implications of ethnic/racial disparities affecting obese children and families, consideration of child abuse/neglect, decisions related to bariatric surgery in adolescents, and treatment intervention research. Discussion of these will help develop a set of ethical guidelines for health systems and individual treatment programs.

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J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2016, 6:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034



http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034









Health literacy: The earlier the betterJumelle BrooksCapella University, USA

The current health ranking for the state of South Carolina is 19th out of 50 states. According to DHEC (2013), a rural county in South Carolina health care expenditures allocated to treat preventable diseases such as hypertension and

cardiovascular disease totaled approximately $410,198,600 for hypertension and $138,300,500 for heart disease. The purpose of this action research project was to increase health literacy levels of South Carolina adolescents through the integration of a state-wide, internet, objective-based, health-related curriculum. The planned curriculum would use resources obtained from the CDC youth website, BAM. Implementing a structured curriculum across the state of South Carolina would be an effective and efficient method to ensure adolescents have an equal opportunity to increase his/her health awareness and disease prevention knowledge levels. Quantitative data was collected from the Short Assessment Health Literacy survey, SAHL, and used for analysis. The project investigated the impact of an increase in internet-based, health-related exposure at the secondary educational level would have health literacy levels of the targeted population. The project demonstrated the positive impact frequent of structured health-related information on the health literacy levels.

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Cardiometabolic risk factors and epicardial adipose tissue in overweight and obese children and adolescentsSchusterova I1,2,3, Leenen FH2, Jurko A4, Tohatyova A3, Takacova J5 and Sabol F1

1Eastern Heart Institute, Slovakia 2University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada3P J Š University, Slovakia 4Pediatric Cardiology Clinic, Slovakia5The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Slovakia

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat deposit around the heart and is commonly increased in obese subjects. EAT is related to cardiometabolic risk factors and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults, but this relationship is not well known in children.Objectives: The aim of our study was to assess by echocardiography the EAT in overweight and obese children and its relationship to cardiometabolic risk factors, insulin resistance, NAFLD markers and hyperuricemia. Study Group & Methods: In 25 (mean age 13.0 ± 2.3) overweight and obese subjects and 24 lean controls, blood pressure (BP), WC, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, lipids, uric acid and hepatic enzymes were established and EAT thickness was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. Results: In overweight and obese subjects, EAT was significantly higher compared to normal weight children. Overweight and obese children had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), WC, BP, triglycerides (TAG), low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol, hepatic enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and g-glutamyl transferase, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). EAT correlated significantly with BP, TAG, uric acid, HDL-C, apoprotein B and ALT. Correlation coefficients were similar or better than for WC, but similar or lower than for BMI. Conclusion: EAT thickness in children is associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile including biochemical signs of NAFLD and hyperuricemia, but is not a stronger indicator than BMI.

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DEXA body composition assessment in 10-11 year healthy childrenW M Verduin1,2, R Van Den Helder1,2, H J Doodeman2, E Struijf3 and A P J Houdijk1,2

1ChirurgenNoordwest.nl, Netherlands2Holland Health, Netherlands3Municipal Public Health Care Organisation, Netherlands

Introduction: Obesity is a growing health problem associated with metabolic derangements and cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence links the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to these obesity related health risks in adults. Childhood obesity is associated with a lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease and poses a serious problem to future healthcare. In children there is much fewer data on the prevalence and gender differences of visceral obesity than in adults. This study aimed to provide an onset towards reference values for VAT in children 10-11 years of age.Methods: In a cross-sectional study performed in the Netherlands, healthy children of 10-11 years of age, were recruited from primary schools. Blood pressure and anthropometric data consisting of height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and BMI were measured. Body composition was measured using DXA, providing measures for bone mineral content, total fat mass (TFM), lean body mass (LBM) and VAT. Results: 217 children were eligible for this study. Girls appeared to have a greater TFM but lower VAT than boys, whereas boys had higher LBM. Moderate to strong correlations were found for WC and BMI with VAT. No significant relation to blood pressure was found. Discussion: This study shows gender specific VAT percentiles in 10-11 year old children as measured by DXA providing an onset for future reference values in children. Independent of BMI and WC, girls tend to have more TFM but less VAT than boys of equal age. The gender specific results correspond to findings in adults and stress the advantage of using DXA over BMI or WC.

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Metformin for diabetes prevention in obese children and adolescentsDemori Driver, Niraja Dalal, Jessica Degwitz, Ceyda Ors, Carolyn Polcari, Taryn Sheldon and Megan WilliamsUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, USA

Childhood obesity is a known risk factor for the eventual development of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), with increases in weight leading to decreased insulin sensitivity. Lifestyle modifications have been the standard for interventions for

obese children; however, some trials have suggested that metformin is helpful in reducing BMI and fasting glucose levels in this population. This review selected studies comparing interventions for obese youth at-risk for developing T2DM. Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE for studies conducted between January, 2001 and January, 2016. Manual searches of reference lists of selected studies were also conducted. Inclusion criteria were the use of a control group, post-intervention follow-up at six months or more, and interventions that included some combination of metformin and structured lifestyle modifications. The twenty included studies examined the effects of metformin and lifestyle modification on fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, HbA1c, and BMI in youth age 6-19. Of these articles, sixteen identified a statistically significant decrease in BMI with metformin and lifestyle modifications, while fourteen detected a significant decrease in fasting glucose, HbA1c, or other insulin sensitivity indices. With childhood obesity is playing an important role in the development of T2DM, it is imperative that healthcare providers structure more successful treatment plans. Over 70% of studies in this review conclude that metformin, in combination with diet and exercise modifications, is superior to either approach alone in the reduction of BMI, HbA1c, and other insulin sensitivity indices. Therefore, metformin is a valuable adjunct to lifestyle changes in order to maximize treatment effectiveness.

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http://chirurgennoordwest.nl/


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034









Gut microbiota composition and functioning in obese adolescents before and after one year of calorie restrictionCristina Campoy1, Alicia Ruiz1, Tomas Cerdó1, Ascensión Marcos2, Manuel Ferrer3 and Antonio Suárez1

1University of Granada, Spain2Institute of Food Science and Technology, Spain3Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC, Spain

Background: Gut microbiota is involved in the modulation of host immunity, and the inflammatory status associated with obesity, and it is also an important factor affecting energy disposal and storage in adipocytes. However, the precise mechanisms by which alterations in microbiota affect obesity and associated disorders are still unclear. Diets based on a high fat, high protein and/or low carbohydrate intake, may alter microbial composition and activity in the large intestine impacting on gut health. Gut microbial glycoside-hydrolases (GH) activity is higher in obese and correlates with fasting glucose, insulin resistance and body mass index (BMI) in obese. We hypothesized that a functional approach is needed to characterize the functionality of the microbial community that transmits this metabolic capacity. We studied the modulation of this functionality induced by a multidisciplinary approach including a calorie restriction intervention (EVASYON).Methods: GH activity data, represented by β-galactosidase and α-glucosidase, were systematically collected in fecal bacterial proteins from obese adolescents (n=13) that followed a dietary intervention for 1 year and lean (n=8) ones. Comparative and correlation analyses, involving activity levels, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, were performed.Results: Levels of β-galactosidase and α-glucosidase activity were significantly different between lean and obese subjects. A sigmoid association between BMI and β-galactosidase was found, where BMI>24.5 acts as a functional frontier. Positive correlations between β-galactosidase activity and insulin levels (Sp-Rho=0.43, p<0.01), HOMA-IR (Sp-Rho=0.36, p<0.05) and LDL (Sp-Rho=0.35, p<0.05) were established. α-glucosidase activity was also correlated with BMI (Sp-Rho=0.65, p<0.0001) and HOMA-IR (Sp-Rho=0.34, p<0.05).Conclusions: Anabolic capacity of the human gut microbiota seems to be associated to BMI, insulin resistance and lipids plasma levels. The dietary intervention slightly improved the anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and the functionality of the microbiota remains higher since the BMI did not reach values under 25. So, different functionality levels depend on host BMI. Potential future individual approaches may be designed based on these results.

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Childhood obesity in Saudi Arabia: Opportunities and challengesAbrar Al DhaifallahSecurity Forces Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

There is significant evidence for the existence of worldwide increase of obesity in children. The problem is not only confined to developed countries; as there has been significant increase in middle and low income countries, and Saudi Arabia is

not an exception. The problem of obesity in developing countries further impacts on the burden of disease in these countries. Individual nations need to be informed of the magnitude of the obesity problem in their different settings and an effective comprehensive approach including, formulation of effective health policies and health legislation development will enable development of long term measures that address obesity epidemic. This article highlights the magnitude of obesity in Saudi Arabia and attempts to suggest policies and strategies potential to addressing obesity problems in Saudi Arabia. Multiple determinants of obesity are discussed related to the Saudi context.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034








The squat: An excellent final-phase knee rehabilitative assessment toolBongani Timothy QumbuNorth-West University, South Africa

During the last 30 years, physiotherapy and biokinetic rehabilitation has moved away from traditional isolated assessments to integrative functional screenings, viewing joint stability from a dynamic multi-planar perspective. An integrative functional

final-phase knee rehabilitative assessment is needed to determine the quality of the rehabilitative progress, hence the authors’ proposed the squat as this assessment tool. The squat is a popular closed kinetic chain exercise that has been judiciously applied in the double stance closed-kinetic-chain rehabilitation of knee injuries. However, it is postulated that the squat can extend as a final-phase-rehabilitative tool to assess whether the patient is ready to commence with open-kinetic chain-exercises.

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Assessing the association of overweight/obesity, metabolic homeostasis and sedentary lifestyle in young adolescents in first-tier city of northern mainland ChinaXin Zhang, Xinyu Zhi and Wei XiTianjin Medical University, China

This study is to assess the association of overweight/obesity, metabolic homeostasis and sedentary lifestyle in young adolescents living in first-tier city of northern mainland China. Children and adolescence is a critical stage, the technological age has

resulted in more and more youth spending prolonged hours towards TV and internet currently, such behaviors associated with overweight/obesity and metabolic homeostasis interactively. This study discussed the epidemiological characteristics of homeostasis in youth from 12-21 years in a first-tier city of northern mainland China, Tianjin. The results showed that the proportion of overweight and obesity in the study population was approaching 50%, higher for boys (P<0.000). Status of higher blood pressure level proportion calculation among the boys admitted of no optimism. As for the blood lipid level status, higher proportion of abnormal ones was found among the girls. However, the status for fasting blood sugar level was just fine. And the time spending towards TV among rural youth was 0.56 and 0.53 hours for boys and girls, 0.34 and 0.33 hours for the urban ones. In the invariable analysis, the odds ratio for TV time increasing, internet time increasing and both TV and internet time increasing towards overweight/obesity showed no statistically significance, even after adjusted by the factors of other metabolic homeostasis status. However, when considered more potential influenced factors including dietary habits, lifestyle factors and sport factors, a slight positive relationship between increasing of Internet time and increasing risk of overweight/obesity, as well as increasing sleep duration were detected. The findings confirmed a positive association between risk of metabolic homeostasis, sedentary behaviors and lifestyle, which created the need for action to prevent and control them.

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A trend towards obesity in preschool childrenOya YucelBaskent University, Turkey

Obesity is now accepted as one of the common childhood diseases. While the number of obese children is increasing in all societies, the age of onset of obesity is getting younger. Very little is known about the emergence of this relationship in

early childhood. This longitudinal, follow-up study was planned to determine an identifiable starting points of a trend towards obesity and the influence of variables in preschool children, age 0 to 6 years. 102 children were enrolled in the study. Infancy data were collected retrospectively, and those children having full sets of data were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements weight-height centiles specific for age and gender, weight-height growth velocities, BMI were taken and compared within each group. Measurements were taken at birth, at sixth months and then annually until 6years. All children enrolled in our study were breastfed for the first six months. Standard food lists were given to parents of all children in the 6 months to 1 year age range. Among obese children, the earliest sign of a trend towards obesity was the weight gain after 6 months. There were upward trends in weight, weight gain velocity after 6 month of age and BMI values after 2 years of age. The height was higher in obese children than in non-obese after 4 years of age (p=0.009 for 4th year). While the difference between weight of obese and non-obese girls was significant from 6 months to 6 years of age, this difference was seen from 2 years onwards in boys. The weight gain velocities increased after 2 years of age in girls with obesity, but this was not seen in boys until 6 years of age. There were upward trends in BMI values indicating a trend towards obesity at 6 months of age in boys and at 2 years of age in girls. A statistically significant difference was found in the weights of obese and non-obese girls after 4 years of age, but the weight and height growth velocities were not different in obese and non-obese girls. When comparing obese and non-obese boys, the weights of obese boys began to exceed those of non-obese boys after 2 years of age. Obesity should be predicted before 6 years of age in order to prevent obesity in the school-age and to control the increasing prevalence of adult obesity. According to our data, 6 months and 2 years of age are considered to be the most critical periods for the development of obesity in childhood. First critical period for tendency towards obesity could be associated with the time of onset of additional feeding.

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Prediction instrument for obesity in adolescents at the Policlínico Universitario “Manuel González Díaz” (2013-2014)Carlos Enrique Piña BorregoHabana University School of Medicine, Cuba

Obesity is one of the principal nondeclarable diseases affecting children and adolescents. With the objective of developing a predictive instrument to identify high-risk adolescents with obesity, a cohort prospective study was carried out at the

policlinic "Manuel González Díaz", Bahía Honda City from 2013-2014. It was developed in three stages. In the first stage, 1800 adolescents from 10-19 years of age were included. The prevalence was identified and the most relevant characteristics of obesity were described (defined as body mass index >97th percentile according to age and sex). In the second stage, we identified the possibility of the diagnosis of factors that increase the probability of obesity. The third stage elaborated and validated an obesity predictor instrument from the results of the initial stages. Instrument was applied to sample A for internal elaboration and validation, sensitivity was 77.78% and specificity was 86.11%. Area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was 0.86, whereas for sample B the sensitivity was 79.63% and specificity was 92.13%. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 83.5% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 90.05%. The instrument allows to predict the risk for developing obesity in adolescents with acceptable sensitivity and high specificity. Its routine application will be interesting in pediatric health consultations.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034








Nutritional status of women of reproductive age in a selected char of Rangpur DistrictMd. Zahid Hasan KhanNorthern University, Bangladesh

An observational cross-sectional study was carried out at Rangpur district in Bangladesh to assess nutritional status of reproductive aged women residing in char area with a sample size 200. Face to face interview was carried out with the

semi-structured questionnaire. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect data on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and written consent was taken prior to interview. Nutritional status was determined according to BMI cut off value for Asian population. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used to present data. Mean ± SD age of respondents was 34.27±8.60. More than half (67%) of the respondents were illiterate and housewife (84%). Mean ± SD income of respondents was 5700.71±282.89 per month. Underweight, normal and overweight were 67%, 30% and 3% respectively. Most respondents took rice 2-3times/day. Vegetables and soya bean were taken randomly. Lentil was taken daily. Arthritis, headache, skin disease was more common. Statistical significant association was found between nutritional status and age group (p<0.05), education (p<0.05), occupation (p<0.05) and monthly income (p≤0.05). Half of the respondents suffered from underweight and most of them income was very low. Income generating capacity should be increased as well effective nutrition education programme must be instituted.

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Prevention of child obesity by introducing fiber enriched low fat cookies from admixture of Barley and Oat flourJohn DavidSHIATS University, India

The word “Obesity” comes from Latin word “Obesus” which originally means “eaten more” or hungry. Obesity is a worldwide problem associated with reduced life span. Excess body weight is a hindrance, leading to breathlessness on moderate

exertion and predisposes a person to diseases like arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, gallbladder diseases and osteoarthritis of weight bearing joints, varicose veins. High fiber food is good for health of patients with high blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes. Millet is one of the foods to lower cholesterol level because it contains soluble fibre, which reduces the low density lipoprotein. Barley millets contain high content of complex carbohydrates and water soluble fibre, which also promotes slow digestion and an aid in the maintenance of stable blood glucose levels. Barley supplies carbohydrate energy, well balanced proteins and also contains copper, zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium and vitamins E, B1, B2, and D. Oats are common breakfast dish and are excellent source for minerals, dietary fibre and Thiamin. They also contain antioxidants that are believed to protect the circulatory system from diseases such as arteriosclerosis, which affects the arterial blood vessels. Oat grains are rich in vitamins and minerals. But, the most important nutritional advantages are the soluble fibre and gamma linoleic acid. It is full of proteins and minerals which help in building strong bones, teeth and connective tissues. The presence of oat reduces systolic blood pressure and improves lipid profile beyond effects of weight loss in men and women. Introducing aforesaid flours for consumption in the form of cookies from the very childhood will prevent child obesity to a large extent up to adolescent stage. An investigation was undertaken to explore the possibility of using barley and oat flour in preparation of cookies. Cookies were prepared from blends of refined flour containing different levels of barley (50 – 70%) and oat flour (30-50%). The overall acceptability of cookies containing 60% barley and 40% oat flour scored maximum. On the basis of overall acceptability score of cookies, it was observed that formulation containing 60% level of barley and 40% oat flour was found most acceptable. So, as per findings it is concluded that good quality cookies can be prepared with the incorporation of barley and oat flour, which is high in fibre and protein content but low in fat resulting lower obesity rate through consumption. Thus as far as product acceptability judged by sensory evaluation, the treatment can be rated as T2 >T1 > T3>T0.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034









Overnutrition and associated factors among 1st cycle primary school children in Dire Dawa town, eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional studyGudina Egata1, Mohammed Abdulahi2 and Birhanu Seyoum1

1Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia2Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia

Background: Childhood overnutrition (overweight and obesity) has become a major public health concern in many industrialized countries and is emerging as a threat to the public health in low income countries. Globally, an estimated 170 million children aged <18 years were classified as overnourished in the year 2008. However, there is limited evidence about the extent of overnutrition and associated factors among first cycle primary school children in developing countries like Ethiopia.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of overnutrition and associated factors among 1st cycle primary school children in Dire Dawa town, eastern Ethiopia from February 25th to March 14th, 2014. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 484 randomly selected first cycle primary school children proportionally allocated to population size of the schools. A structured and pretested questionnaire, portable electronic weight scale and commercial stadiometer were used to collect the data. Overnutrition was determined using Body Mass Index (BMI) for age Z-scores based on World Health Organization (WHO), child growth standard cut offs for children aged 5-19 years in which BMI for age >+1 Standard Deviation (SD) to <+2 SD was considered as overweight and >+2 SD as obese. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were used to analyze the data. Odds ratio along with 95% CI was estimated to identify factors associated with overnutrition using multivariable logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was declared at p value <0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of overnutrition was 20%; 95% CI (16.4 and 23.8) of which overweight was 15.5%; 95% CI (11.9 and 19.3) and obesity was 4.5%, 95% CI (2.7and 6.5). Children who learn at private schools are 2 times more likely to be overnourished compared with those who learn at public schools [(AOR=2.5, 95%CI=(1.21-5.09)]. Children who often eat sweets are 3 times more likely to be overnourished compared with those who seldom eat [(AOR=3.56, 95% CI=(1.78-7.10)]. Moreover, children who do not participate in sport or physical activity are 3 times more likely to be over nourished compared with their counterparts [(AOR=3.47, 95%CI=(1.6-7.53)]. children who watch television/play video games >2 hours per day were 2 times more likely be overnourished when compared to those who watch/play <2 hours per day [(AOR=2.28, 95%CI=(1.22-4.27)].Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight/obesity is high among the study population. Learning at private schools, consumption of sweet food items, frequent use of mass media, and sedentary activity have significantly contributed to overnutrition. Hence, awareness must be created on the rising prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors among the study participants, school teachers, parents, and other relevant governing bodies to pay attention to the emerging problem of overnutrition.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034









Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in developing countries: Etiology, consequence and managementWubshet WossenHaramaya University, Ethiopia

Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to determine childhood overweight and obesity. Overweight is defined as a BMI at or above the 85th percentile and below the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex. Obesity is a BMI at

or above the 95th percentile for children and teens of the same age and sex. Childhood overweight and obesity are increasingly significant problems. They are likely to endure and to have long term adverse influences on the health of individuals and populations unless action is taken to reverse the trend. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. It had been predictable that by 2030, there will be 2.16 billion overweight and 1.12 billion obese individuals globally. In Africa, despite a high prevalence of under nutrition, the prevalence of overweight is increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated that 25% to 60% of urban women are overweight. Factors like environmental, genetic, psychosocial, physical inactivity, and hormonal are playing a pivotal role in the development of obesity. Overweight and obesity associated with different non-communicable disease like hypertension, diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), cancers, stroke, pulmonary disease, gallbladder, etc. Behavioral modification on life style, less dietary fat feeding habit, and physical activity manage overweight and obesity. Not only behavioral modification, medical supplement is also one of the customs to reduce obesity. Parents, government, health promotion agencies, mass media and others stakeholders could play a major role in reduction of the growing trend of obesity. This review article critically analyzed the prevalence, causes and advance management of childhood overweight and obesity.

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Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months at Hidabu Abote district, North Shewa, OromiaKebede Mengistu AssefaFederal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Introduction: Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in developing countries. It is the most important risk factor for the burden of diseases. It causes about 300, 000 deaths per year and responsible for more than half of all deaths in children. In Ethiopia, child malnutrition rate is one of the most serious public health problem and the highest in the world. High malnutrition rates in the country pose a significant obstacle to achieving better child health outcomes.Objective: This study is conducted to assess prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months at Hidabu Abote district, North Shewa,Oromia.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on 820 children aged 6-59 months from September 8-23, 2012 at Hidabu Abote district. Multistage sampling method was used to select households. Children were selected from each kebeles by simple random sampling. Anthropometric measurements and structured questioners were used. Data were processed using EPi-info soft ware and exported to SPSS for analysis. Then after, sex, age, months, height and weight were transferred with HHs number to ENA for SMART 2007software to convert nutritional data into Z-scores of the indices; H/A, W/H and W/A. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors of malnutrition.Results: The analysis of this study revealed that, 47.6%, 30.9% and 16.7% of children were stunted, underweight and wasted, respectively. The main associated factors of stunting were found to be child age, family monthly income, children were received butter as pre-lacteal feeding and family planning. Underweight was associated with number of children HHs and children were received butter as per-lacteal feeding but un treatment of water in HHs only associated with wasting.Conclusion & Recommendation: From the findings of this study, it is concluded that malnutrition is still an important problem among children aged 6-59 months. Therefore, a special attention should be given on intervention of malnutrition.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034








Prevalence and risk factor of childhood overweight and obesity in primary school children of Dhaka City S Sultana1, A Hussain2 and L Ali11Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences, Bangladesh2University of Oslo, Norway

Introduction: Childhood obesity has become a serious public health problem because of its strong association with adulthood obesity and the related adverse health consequences including development of diabetes. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and its risk factors in Bangladeshi urban primary school children.Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary school children. This study included 1200 participants (aged 6 to 13 years old) collected by following a simple random procedure. On the basis of predefined scoring, subjects were classified as underweight, normal, overweight and obese if their weight-for-height values were within the following ranges of the recommended median values (<90.99%, 91-110%, 111-120% and >120%). Univariate and multivariate regression models were used as appropriate.Results: The prevalence of overweight was found to be 13.2% and obesity 17.8% among the study subjects. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys were 13.6% and 22.1%, among girls these were 12.9% and 13.7%. There were significant difference found in weight for height (p=0.015) and weight (p<0.001) between boys and girls. Mean fat intake of the obese group was significantly higher compared to the overweight and underweight groups (p=0.008). The odds for obesity were higher for boys than their counterparts. Study showed that associated risk factor for developing obesity was 1.65 times higher for boys compare to the girls (p=0.003). The household monthly income and parents education has a significant risk for obesity even after being adjusted with age, income, parent’s education and physical activities. Conclusions: A high prevalence of overweight and obesity has been observed in urban primary school children in Bangladesh. Positive energy balance with higher fat intake, high income and higher education level of the parents seem to be among the major underlying factors for the increased prevalence of childhood obesity.

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Preventing childhood obesity through mobile gamingMary ClarkAgents of Discovery, North America

Using gaming technology to combat childhood obesity sounds implausible. A new movement in mobile gaming, however, is linking the two; and in the process taking the mobile world by storm. The Move to play app by the Agents of Discovery

(AoD) is an unlikely fusion of worlds, melding education and gaming in a way that motivates kids to get moving. AoD provides a revolutionary gaming experience that requires players to move in order to solve challenges and gain status within the agency an approach that has been proven to be effective at engaging kids with healthy active lifestyles and STEM learning. University of British Columbia research evaluated the effectiveness of mobile gaming. The study demonstrated that kids learned more had more fun and were more engaged than those who participated in traditional interpretation or self-¬guided tours. Currently deployed or under development in over 120 parks across the country, with partners including the US Forest Service, Texas State Parks, and the City of L A, Agents of Discovery continues to expand rapidly into new frontiers.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.034

posters€¦ · (t2dm) with obesity and hyperlipidemia lisha he, linhua zhao, han wang and xiaolin...

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